Numerical field and physical field separated real-time mixed test architecture and test method

Abstract

The invention relates to a numerical field and physical field separated real-time mixed test architecture and a test method, and belongs to the technical field of structural engineering tests. The architecture comprises a numerical field computing system, a physical field test system and an interface data communication system. The numerical field and the physical field are completely separated in the modeling, solving and control processes; the numerical field independently establishes and solves a numerical model outside a physical substructure, and interface displacement and speed response are obtained; independently carrying out a loading test on a physical test piece in the physical domain to obtain an interface counter-force response; and the two domains realize real-time two-way exchange and coordination control of displacement, speed and counter force through an interface data communication system. According to the method, the problems of complicated modeling, difficulty in boundary coordination, poor software compatibility, complicated implementation and the like in the prior art are effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a real-time hybrid experimental architecture and method with separate numerical and physical domains, belonging to the field of structural engineering testing technology. Background Technology

[0002] Real-time hybrid testing is a novel testing technique that combines numerical simulation with physical testing. By decomposing complex engineering structures into numerical and physical substructures, it enables efficient evaluation of the overall structural dynamic response. This technique fully leverages the computational efficiency of numerical simulation and the realism of physical testing, making it valuable for applications in fields such as seismic engineering, wind engineering, and marine engineering.

[0003] Traditional real-time hybrid testing employs a physical domain-modified numerical model approach. This involves establishing a holistic structural numerical model that includes physical substructures, embedding these substructures as special numerical units, and then using physical test results to continuously modify and update parameters such as the stiffness and damping matrices of the overall model. In this architecture, the physical substructures are essentially an integral part of the overall numerical model and must maintain strict boundary compliance and degree-of-freedom matching with it.

[0004] Existing real-time hybrid experimental methods for physical domain-corrected numerical models have the following technical problems: First, there is the issue of modeling complexity. A complete numerical model of the overall structure is required, including detailed descriptions of the geometry, material parameters, and boundary conditions of the physical substructures. For some physical components with complex behavior and difficult-to-determine parameters (such as complex damping devices, seismic isolation bearings, and novel connectors), accurate modeling is extremely difficult, and model errors directly affect the overall experimental accuracy.

[0005] Secondly, there is the complexity of boundary coordination. Strict boundary coordination is required between the physical and numerical substructures, including degree-of-freedom matching, stiffness matrix integration, and mass matrix correction. These coordination processes are not only technically challenging but also prone to introducing errors, especially when dealing with complex boundary conditions and nonlinear connections, where the complexity of boundary coordination increases significantly.

[0006] Secondly, there are software compatibility limitations. Because the overall numerical model needs real-time correction and updates, the requirements for secondary development of the finite element software are high, making it difficult to fully utilize the powerful functions of mature commercial finite element software, thus limiting the widespread application of the technology.

[0007] Finally, there is the issue of the complexity of experimental implementation. Factors such as real-time updates of the overall model, real-time processing of boundary coordination, and synchronous control of multiple degrees of freedom make the integration of the experimental system difficult, the debugging time long, and the implementation cost high.

[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new real-time hybrid experimental architecture and method that can overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of traditional methods, simplify the modeling process, reduce the complexity of boundary coordination, improve software compatibility, and enhance the convenience of experimental implementation. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention proposes a real-time hybrid experimental architecture and method that separates the numerical domain and physical domain, solving problems such as complex modeling, difficulty in boundary coordination, poor software compatibility, and complex implementation in existing technologies.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A real-time hybrid experimental architecture with separation of numerical and physical domains includes: Numerical domain computing systems are used to establish and solve independent numerical substructure models to obtain the displacement and velocity responses of interface nodes. The physical domain testing system is used to perform real-time loading tests on physical specimens and obtain the reaction force response of interface nodes. The interface data communication system is used to realize real-time bidirectional data exchange and coordinated control between the numerical domain computing system and the physical domain experimental system, including the transmission of interface displacement and velocity signals, feedback of interface reaction force signals, time step synchronization control, delay compensation processing, adaptive time step coordination, and dynamic balance adjustment between the numerical domain computing system and the physical domain experimental system. The numerical domain computation system and the physical domain experimental system are completely separated in the modeling, solving and control processes. The numerical domain computation system does not need to establish a numerical model of the physical substructure, and the physical domain experimental system does not need to be coupled with the overall numerical model.

[0011] Furthermore, the numerical domain calculation system uses standard finite element software or a self-developed numerical solution program to establish a complete numerical substructure model excluding the physical substructure, and solves the dynamic equations and extracts the interface node responses within each time step.

[0012] Furthermore, the physical domain testing system includes a load controller, an actuator, a sensing and measurement device, and a data acquisition device. The actuator applies a corresponding load to the physical specimen according to the received interface displacement and velocity commands, and the sensing and measurement device measures the reaction force response of the specimen in real time.

[0013] Furthermore, the interface data communication system supports multiple communication methods, including network communication protocols, analog signal transmission, digital signal transmission, and fieldbus communication, to achieve high-speed real-time data exchange between the numerical domain computing system and the physical domain experimental system, and integrates timing control functions, delay compensation algorithms, and dynamic coordination mechanisms.

[0014] Furthermore, the network communication protocol includes UDP protocol, TCP protocol or dedicated real-time communication protocol, the analog signal transmission includes voltage signal, current signal or frequency signal, and the digital signal transmission includes serial communication or parallel communication interface; The coordination and control functions of the interface data communication system include: a time step synchronization control unit, used to generate a unified time reference and ensure the synchronous execution of numerical calculations and physical experiments; a delay compensation unit, used to predict and compensate for communication delay, execution delay and measurement delay; and an adaptive time step coordination unit, used to dynamically adjust the time step according to numerical convergence and physical response characteristics.

[0015] Furthermore, the real-time hybrid experimental architecture supports the parallel operation of multi-physical domain experimental systems. By extending the interface data communication system, it enables collaborative testing of one numerical domain with multiple physical domains. In addition, the numerical domain calculation system integrates an error monitoring module and a stability control module. The error monitoring module evaluates the experimental accuracy in real time, and the stability control module prevents numerical divergence and experimental instability.

[0016] A real-time hybrid experimental method with separation of numerical and physical domains includes the following steps: S1: Based on the overall structural division principle, determine the boundaries between the numerical substructure and the physical substructure, and establish the finite element model of the numerical domain; S2: Initialize the physical domain experimental system, calibrate the loading device and sensors, and establish a communication connection with the numerical domain computing system; S3: Set test parameters, including time step, total analysis time, load conditions and boundary conditions, and configure the coordination control parameters of the interface data communication system; S4: Within each time step, the numerical domain computation system solves the dynamic equations and calculates the displacement and velocity responses of the interface nodes; S5: The interface data communication system performs timing synchronization and delay compensation processing, and transmits the interface displacement and velocity signals to the physical domain test system; S6: The physical domain test system controls the loading device to apply loads to the physical specimen based on the received interface signals; S7: The physical domain test system measures the interface reaction force through sensors, and the interface data communication system processes the data and transmits it to the numerical domain. S8: The numerical domain calculation system uses the received interface reaction force as the boundary load to update the calculation conditions for the next time step. S9: The interface data communication system performs adaptive time step coordination according to the test status, repeating steps S4-S8 until the test is completed.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S1, the numerical substructure model only needs to include the remaining structural parts other than the physical substructure, without considering the material properties, geometric parameters and boundary conditions of the physical substructure.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S6, the loading control of the physical domain test system includes displacement control, velocity control, acceleration control, or a hybrid control mode, and a suitable control strategy is selected according to the test requirements; Furthermore, in step S7, the measurement of interface reaction force includes direct force measurement, indirect force calculation, or multi-sensor fusion measurement to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the reaction force data.

[0019] Furthermore, the method integrates an adaptive time step adjustment algorithm to dynamically adjust the time step based on numerical convergence and physical response characteristics, thereby optimizing experimental efficiency and accuracy. The method supports multiple numerical solution algorithms, including direct integration, modal superposition, frequency domain analysis, and nonlinear iterative algorithms, adapting to different types of structural dynamics problems. The method includes a comprehensive quality control system encompassing pre-experiment prediction, in-experiment monitoring, and post-experiment evaluation to ensure the reliability and validity of experimental results.

[0020] The above-mentioned experimental method, which separates the numerical domain from the physical domain in real-time hybrid test architecture, can be applied to seismic isolation structure testing or bridge damper testing.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: Simplified Modeling: The numerical domain only needs to be modeled for the parts other than the physical substructures, eliminating the need for detailed numerical modeling of complex physical components, significantly reducing modeling difficulty and workload. For physical components with complex behavior and uncertain parameters, the actual response can be obtained directly through physical experiments, avoiding modeling errors.

[0022] The simplified boundary handling effect: the physical domain only needs to feed back the interface reaction force to the numerical domain, and the numerical domain only needs to provide the interface displacement and velocity to the physical domain. There is no need to perform complex boundary coordination processing such as degree of freedom matching and stiffness matrix integration, which greatly reduces the complexity of system integration.

[0023] Enhanced software compatibility: Since the numerical domain and physical domain are completely separated, the powerful functions of various mature commercial finite element software (such as ANSYS, ABAQUS, SAP2000, ETABS, etc.) can be fully utilized without the need for complex secondary development, thus improving the applicability and scalability of the technology.

[0024] The simplified implementation of the experiment resulted in a clear system architecture with independent functions for each module, which reduced the integration difficulty of the experimental system, shortened the debugging time, and improved the efficiency of the experiment implementation.

[0025] Extended application scope: It is particularly suitable for performance evaluation tests of physical components with complex behavior and difficult numerical modeling, such as novel damping devices, complex connection nodes, and nonlinear isolation devices.

[0026] Improved test accuracy: Obtaining the true mechanical response directly through physical experiments avoids numerical modeling errors and improves the reliability and accuracy of test results. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the real-time hybrid experimental architecture with separate numerical and physical domains of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a comparative diagram of the traditional physical domain correction numerical model method and the separate method of the present invention, wherein (a) is the numerical domain and physical domain separation method of the present invention, and (b) is the traditional physical domain correction numerical model method. Figure 3 This is a detailed flowchart of a real-time hybrid experimental method that separates the numerical and physical domains; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the timing control for interface data interaction; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-physics domain collaborative experimental architecture; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware configuration of the test system. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-6 The present invention will be further described in detail below to facilitate a clear understanding of the invention, but these descriptions do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0029] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0030] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0031] Example 1 This embodiment of a real-time hybrid experimental architecture with separation of numerical and physical domains includes: A numerical domain computation system is used to establish and solve independent numerical substructure models to obtain the displacement and velocity responses of interface nodes. Specifically, the numerical domain computation system employs standard finite element software or a self-developed numerical solver to establish a complete numerical substructure model excluding the physical substructure, and solves the dynamic equations and extracts the interface node responses at each time step.

[0032] A physical domain testing system is used to perform real-time loading tests on physical specimens to obtain the reaction force response of interface nodes. The physical domain testing system includes a loading controller, an actuator, a sensing and measurement device, and a data acquisition device. The actuator applies corresponding loads to the physical specimen based on received interface displacement and velocity commands, and the sensing and measurement device measures the reaction force response of the specimen in real time.

[0033] An interface data communication system is used to realize real-time bidirectional data exchange and coordinated control between the numerical domain computation system and the physical domain experimental system. This includes the transmission of interface displacement and velocity signals, feedback of interface reaction force signals, time step synchronization control, delay compensation processing, adaptive time step coordination, and dynamic balance adjustment between the numerical domain computation system and the physical domain experimental system. The interface data communication system supports multiple communication methods, including network communication protocols, analog signal transmission, digital signal transmission, and fieldbus communication, enabling high-speed real-time data exchange between the numerical domain computation system and the physical domain experimental system. It also integrates timing control functions, delay compensation algorithms, and dynamic coordination mechanisms. The network communication protocols include UDP, TCP, or dedicated real-time communication protocols; analog signal transmission includes voltage, current, or frequency signals; and digital signal transmission includes serial or parallel communication interfaces. The coordinated control functions of the interface data communication system include: a time step synchronization control unit for generating a unified time base and ensuring synchronous execution of numerical calculations and physical experiments; and a delay compensation unit for predicting and compensating for communication delays, execution delays, and measurement delays. An adaptive time-step coordination unit is used to dynamically adjust the time step based on numerical convergence and physical response characteristics.

[0034] The numerical domain computation system and the physical domain experimental system are completely separated in the modeling, solving and control processes. The numerical domain computation system does not need to establish a numerical model of the physical substructure, and the physical domain experimental system does not need to be coupled with the overall numerical model.

[0035] In this embodiment, the real-time hybrid experimental architecture supports the parallel operation of multi-physics domain experimental systems. Through an extended interface data communication system, it enables collaborative testing of one numerical domain with multiple physical domains. Furthermore, the numerical domain computation system integrates an error monitoring module and a stability control module. The error monitoring module evaluates experimental accuracy in real time, while the stability control module prevents numerical divergence and experimental instability.

[0036] Example 2 This embodiment of a real-time hybrid experimental method with separation of numerical and physical domains includes the following steps: S1: Based on the overall structural division principle, determine the boundaries between the numerical substructure and the physical substructure, and establish the finite element model of the numerical domain. In step S1, the numerical substructure model only needs to include the remaining structural parts other than the physical substructure, without considering the material properties, geometric parameters, and boundary conditions of the physical substructure.

[0037] S2: Initialize the physical domain experimental system, calibrate the loading device and sensors, and establish a communication connection with the numerical domain computing system.

[0038] S3: Set test parameters, including time step, total analysis time, load conditions and boundary conditions, and configure the coordination control parameters of the interface data communication system.

[0039] S4: Within each time step, the numerical domain computation system solves the dynamic equations and calculates the displacement and velocity responses of the interface nodes.

[0040] S5: The interface data communication system performs timing synchronization and delay compensation processing, and transmits the interface displacement and velocity signals to the physical domain test system.

[0041] S6: The physical domain testing system controls the loading device to apply load to the physical specimen based on the received interface signal. In step S6, the loading control of the physical domain testing system includes displacement control, velocity control, acceleration control, or a hybrid control mode, and a suitable control strategy is selected according to the test requirements.

[0042] S7: The physical domain testing system measures the interface reaction force through sensors, and the interface data communication system processes the data and transmits it to the numerical domain. In step S7, the measurement of the interface reaction force includes direct force measurement, indirect force calculation, or multi-sensor fusion measurement to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the reaction force data.

[0043] S8: The numerical domain calculation system uses the received interface reaction force as the boundary load and updates the calculation conditions for the next time step.

[0044] S9: The interface data communication system performs adaptive time step coordination according to the test status, repeating steps S4-S8 until the test is completed.

[0045] The method described in this embodiment integrates an adaptive time step adjustment algorithm, dynamically adjusting the time step based on numerical convergence and physical response characteristics to optimize experimental efficiency and accuracy. The method supports various numerical solution algorithms, including direct integration, modal superposition, frequency domain analysis, and nonlinear iterative algorithms, adapting to different types of structural dynamics problems. The method includes a comprehensive quality control system encompassing pre-experiment prediction, in-experiment monitoring, and post-experiment evaluation to ensure the reliability and validity of the experimental results.

[0046] Example 3 The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-6 The technical solutions and implementation methods of the present invention will be further illustrated through specific embodiments.

[0047] (I) Real-time Hybrid Experimental Architecture with Separation of Numerical Domain and Physical Domain like Figure 1 As shown, the numerical domain and physical domain separated real-time hybrid experimental architecture of the present invention mainly includes the following three core systems: (1) Numerical Domain Computation System: This system is responsible for establishing and solving the numerical substructure model. The fundamental difference from traditional methods is that the numerical domain only needs to establish the remaining structural parts other than the physical substructure to form an independent and complete numerical model. The numerical substructure can be modeled and solved using any standard finite element software, such as ANSYS, ABAQUS, SAP2000, ETABS, OpenSees, etc., or a self-developed dedicated numerical solution program can be used. Within each time step, the system solves the dynamic equations of the numerical substructure and automatically extracts the displacement and velocity responses of the interface nodes as loading instructions for the physical domain. The numerical domain computation system integrates a variety of numerical solution algorithms, including direct integration methods (such as the Newmark method and Wilson-θ method), modal superposition methods, frequency domain analysis methods, and nonlinear iterative algorithms, which can adapt to different types of structural dynamics problems.

[0048] (2) Physical Domain Test System: This system includes a physical specimen, a loading controller, an actuator, a sensing and measurement device, and a data acquisition device. The physical specimen is a structural component or subsystem that needs to be tested in real-world scenarios, such as dampers, seismic isolation bearings, connection nodes, and local structures. The loading controller controls the actuator (such as a hydraulic actuator, an electric actuator, a vibration table, etc.) to apply corresponding loads to the physical specimen based on the received interface displacement and velocity commands. The actuator supports multiple control modes, including displacement control, velocity control, acceleration control, or a hybrid control mode, and can select an appropriate control strategy according to the test requirements and specimen characteristics. The sensing and measurement device measures the specimen's response in real time, including force sensors measuring interface reaction force, displacement sensors measuring deformation, and acceleration sensors measuring dynamic response. The data acquisition device converts the sensor signals into digital signals and transmits them to the numerical domain through the interface data communication system.

[0049] (3) Interface Data Communication System: This system realizes real-time bidirectional data exchange and coordinated control between the numerical domain and the physical domain, and is one of the key technologies of the entire architecture. The system integrates core functions such as timing control, delay compensation, adaptive coordination, and dynamic balancing, and supports multiple communication methods, including: Communication functions: Supports network communication protocols (UDP, TCP or dedicated real-time communication protocols), analog signal transmission (voltage, current or frequency signals), digital signal transmission (serial or parallel communication interfaces) and fieldbus communication (CAN bus, Profibus, Modbus, etc.) to adapt to different application scenarios and technical requirements.

[0050] Timing control functions include a master clock control unit, a signal synchronization unit, and a delay compensation unit. The master clock control unit generates a unified time base, ensuring that the numerical and physical domains operate at the same time step. The signal synchronization unit, through hardware or software, synchronizes numerical calculations and physical experiments, preventing timing errors. The delay compensation unit predicts and compensates for communication delays, execution delays, and measurement delays, improving the system's real-time performance.

[0051] Adaptive coordination function: Integrates a time step adjustment algorithm, which can dynamically adjust the time step based on numerical convergence and physical response characteristics, optimizing experimental efficiency while ensuring computational accuracy. It also features load balancing and resource scheduling functions to optimize the collaborative working efficiency between the numerical and physical domains.

[0052] (II) Real-time hybrid experimental method with separate numerical and physical domains like Figure 3 As shown, the numerical domain and physical domain separated real-time hybrid experimental method of the present invention includes the following detailed steps: Step S1: Structural Decomposition and Numerical Modeling Based on the characteristics of the overall structure and the experimental objectives, a reasonable division between the numerical substructure and the physical substructure is determined. The division principles include: (1) classifying components with complex behavior that are difficult to model as physical substructures. (2) classifying parts with relatively simple behavior that are easy to simulate numerically as numerical substructures. (3) ensuring that the interface location is reasonably selected and the interface load transfer is clear. (4) considering the loading capacity and measurement accuracy of the experimental equipment. A finite element model of the numerical substructure is established. This model only includes the structural parts other than the physical substructure and does not need to consider the material properties, geometric parameters, and boundary conditions of the physical substructure. Corresponding boundary conditions are set at the interface nodes to prepare for subsequent data interaction.

[0053] Step S2: Initialization of the physical domain test system Initialize the physical domain test equipment, including: (1) installation and fixation of physical specimens. (2) calibration and debugging of loading devices. (3) installation, calibration and zero-point setting of sensors. (4) configuration and testing of the data acquisition system. (5) parameter setting and logic debugging of the control system. Establish a communication connection between the numerical domain and the physical domain, test the reliability and real-time performance of the communication link, and confirm the correctness and integrity of data transmission.

[0054] Step S3: Experimental parameter setting and preprocessing The key parameters for setting the test include: (1) the selection of the time step, which needs to simultaneously meet the stability requirements of numerical calculation and the real-time requirements of physical experiment. (2) the determination of the total analysis time, which is based on the load characteristics and response characteristics to determine the test duration. (3) the definition of the load conditions, including seismic waves, wind loads, impact loads, etc. (4) the setting of boundary conditions, including support constraints, initial conditions, etc. (5) convergence criteria and error control standards. Preprocessing before the test includes initial equilibrium calculation, modal analysis, response prediction, etc.

[0055] Step S4: Numerical Domain Dynamics Solution Within each time step, the numerical domain computation system performs dynamic analysis calculations. The solution process includes: (1) assembling the overall stiffness matrix, mass matrix, and damping matrix. (2) applying boundary conditions and load conditions. (3) solving the dynamic equations to obtain nodal displacements, velocities, and accelerations. (4) extracting the displacement and velocity responses of the interface nodes. (5) performing convergence checks and error assessments. The numerical solution supports multiple algorithms, and users can choose the most suitable solution method according to the characteristics of the problem.

[0056] Step S5: Interface signal transmission and preprocessing The numerical domain transmits interface displacement and velocity signals to the physical domain through the interface data communication system. The transmission process includes: (1) data format conversion and protocol encapsulation; (2) signal filtering and smoothing to eliminate numerical noise; (3) signal amplification and unit conversion to adapt to the requirements of the physical experimental equipment; (4) timing marking and synchronization to ensure the timing correctness of the signals; and (5) communication confirmation and error detection to ensure the reliability of data transmission.

[0057] Step S6: Physical Domain Loading and Control The physical domain controls the loading device to apply loads to the physical specimen based on the received interface signals. The loading control process includes: (1) receiving and parsing the interface signals. (2) calculating the loading command according to the control strategy. (3) motion control and force control of the actuator. (4) real-time monitoring and protection of the loading process. (5) evaluation and adjustment of loading accuracy. The physical domain supports multiple loading modes, including unidirectional loading, bidirectional loading, and multi-degree-of-freedom cooperative loading, and can simulate complex load conditions.

[0058] Step S7: Physical Response Measurement and Data Processing The physical domain measures interface reaction forces and other key responses using sensors. The measurement process includes: (1) real-time acquisition of multi-sensor signals; (2) signal conditioning and digital processing; (3) noise filtering and outlier detection; (4) multi-sensor data fusion and verification; and (5) reaction force calculation and unit conversion. Interface reaction forces can be measured using direct force measurement (direct measurement by force sensors), indirect force calculation (calculated through displacement and material parameters), or multi-sensor fusion measurement (integrating multiple measurement methods) to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the reaction force data.

[0059] Step S8: Reaction force data feedback and load update The physical domain transmits the measured interface reaction force data to the numerical domain through the interface data communication system. After receiving the reaction force data, the numerical domain applies it as an external load to the interface nodes and updates the load conditions for the next time step. The data feedback process includes: (1) formatting and transmission of reaction force data. (2) verification of data integrity and time sequence. (3) coordinate transformation and symbol processing of reaction loads. (4) recording and management of load history. (5) identification and processing of abnormal reactions.

[0060] Step S9: Loop Iteration and Termination Judgment Repeat steps S4 to S8 to achieve collaborative analysis of the numerical and physical domains. During the loop, the following needs to be performed: (1) strict control and synchronization of the time step; (2) real-time monitoring and evaluation of experimental accuracy; (3) checking and protecting system stability; (4) identification and handling of abnormal situations; and (5) recording and display of experimental progress. The experiment will automatically terminate when the preset analysis time is reached, the convergence condition is met, or an abnormal situation occurs.

[0061] (III) Multi-physics domain collaborative experimental architecture like Figure 5 As shown, this invention supports the parallel operation of multi-physics domain experimental systems, enabling collaborative testing across a numerical domain and multiple physical domains. The characteristics of the multi-physics domain architecture include: Multi-interface coordination: The numerical domain can interact with multiple physical domains simultaneously, with each physical domain corresponding to different interface nodes and boundary conditions. The system automatically handles displacement distribution and reaction force aggregation across multiple interfaces, ensuring force balance and displacement coordination.

[0062] Distributed control: Each physical domain can adopt a distributed control strategy, independently performing loading control and data acquisition, while overall synchronization is ensured through the coordination function of the interface data communication system. This architecture improves the system's reliability and scalability.

[0063] (iv) Test quality control and optimization This invention integrates a comprehensive experimental quality control system, including: Pre-experiment prediction and optimization: Predict the response characteristics and potential problems of the experiment through numerical pre-analysis, and optimize the experimental parameters and control strategies. The prediction content includes: (1) the amplitude range and frequency characteristics of interface forces and displacements. (2) the capability requirements and accuracy requirements of physical experimental equipment. (3) the convergence and stability of numerical calculations. (4) the impact assessment of communication delay and control delay.

[0064] Monitoring and Adjustment During the Experiment: Real-time monitoring of key parameters and performance indicators during the experiment, and timely detection and handling of abnormal situations. Monitoring contents include: (1) Convergence and accuracy of numerical calculation. (2) Accuracy and stability of physical loading. (3) Delay and reliability of communication system. (4) Energy balance and error accumulation of the overall experiment.

[0065] Post-experiment evaluation and verification: A comprehensive evaluation and verification of the experimental results is conducted to ensure the reliability and validity of the results. The evaluation includes: (1) statistical analysis of experimental accuracy. (2) identification and quantitative analysis of error sources. (3) comparison and verification of experimental results with theoretical predictions. (4) optimization suggestions for experimental methods and parameters.

[0066] (V) Engineering Application Examples Application of Seismic Isolation Structure Testing: Seismic performance evaluation of a seismic isolation structure in a high-rise building. Finite element models of the superstructure and substructure were established in the numerical domain, while tests were conducted on the seismic isolation bearings in the physical domain. Through real-time interaction of interface displacement and reaction forces, the performance of the seismic isolation bearings under actual earthquake loading was accurately evaluated, and the true seismic response of the superstructure was obtained. Experimental results show that the method of this invention can accurately reflect the nonlinear characteristics and hysteretic behavior of the seismic isolation bearings, and its experimental accuracy is significantly better than traditional numerical simulation methods.

[0067] Example 4 This embodiment demonstrates the experimental application of a bridge damper: an evaluation of the vibration reduction effect of a viscous damper on a long-span cable-stayed bridge. A model of the bridge's main structure was established in the numerical domain, while viscous damper experiments were conducted in the physical domain. The experiments reproduced the actual working state of the damper under wind-induced vibration and seismic excitation, providing a reliable basis for damper design optimization. Other structures and methods are the same as in Embodiment 3 and will not be detailed here.

[0068] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute any limitation on the structure of the present invention. The arrangement and quantity of the present invention are not limited to this example and can be optimized according to actual engineering conditions. Any modifications, equivalent changes, and decorations made to the above embodiments based on the technical principles of the present invention, without departing from the scope of the present invention, are still within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A real-time hybrid experimental architecture with separation of numerical and physical domains, characterized in that, include: Numerical domain computing systems are used to establish and solve independent numerical substructure models to obtain the displacement and velocity responses of interface nodes. The physical domain testing system is used to perform real-time loading tests on physical specimens and obtain the reaction force response of interface nodes. The interface data communication system is used to realize real-time bidirectional data exchange and coordinated control between the numerical domain computing system and the physical domain experimental system, including the transmission of interface displacement and velocity signals, feedback of interface reaction force signals, time step synchronization control, delay compensation processing, adaptive time step coordination, and dynamic balance adjustment between the numerical domain computing system and the physical domain experimental system. The numerical domain computation system and the physical domain experimental system are completely separated in the modeling, solving and control processes. The numerical domain computation system does not need to establish a numerical model of the physical substructure, and the physical domain experimental system does not need to be coupled with the overall numerical model.

2. The real-time hybrid experimental architecture with separation of numerical and physical domains as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The numerical domain calculation system uses standard finite element software or a self-developed numerical solution program to establish a complete numerical substructure model excluding the physical substructure, and solves the dynamic equations and extracts the interface node responses within each time step.

3. The real-time hybrid experimental architecture with separation of numerical and physical domains as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The physical domain testing system includes a load controller, an actuator, a sensing and measurement device, and a data acquisition device. The actuator applies a corresponding load to the physical specimen according to the received interface displacement and velocity commands, and the sensing and measurement device measures the reaction force response of the specimen in real time.

4. The real-time hybrid experimental architecture with separation of numerical and physical domains as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The interface data communication system supports multiple communication methods, including network communication protocols, analog signal transmission, digital signal transmission, and fieldbus communication, enabling high-speed real-time data exchange between the numerical domain computing system and the physical domain experimental system, and integrating timing control functions, delay compensation algorithms, and dynamic coordination mechanisms.

5. The real-time hybrid experimental architecture with separation of numerical and physical domains as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The network communication protocol includes UDP protocol, TCP protocol or dedicated real-time communication protocol, the analog signal transmission includes voltage signal, current signal or frequency signal, and the digital signal transmission includes serial communication or parallel communication interface. The coordination and control functions of the interface data communication system include: a time step synchronization control unit, used to generate a unified time reference and ensure the synchronous execution of numerical calculations and physical experiments; The delay compensation unit is used to predict and compensate for communication delay, execution delay, and measurement delay; the adaptive time step coordination unit is used to dynamically adjust the time step based on numerical convergence and physical response characteristics.

6. The real-time hybrid experimental architecture with separation of numerical and physical domains as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The real-time hybrid experimental architecture supports the parallel operation of multi-physical domain experimental systems. Through an extended interface data communication system, it enables collaborative testing of one numerical domain with multiple physical domains. In addition, the numerical domain calculation system integrates an error monitoring module and a stability control module. The error monitoring module evaluates the experimental accuracy in real time, while the stability control module prevents numerical divergence and experimental instability.

7. A testing method based on the real-time hybrid experimental architecture with separate numerical and physical domains as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Based on the overall structural division principle, determine the boundaries between the numerical substructure and the physical substructure, and establish the finite element model of the numerical domain; S2: Initialize the physical domain experimental system, calibrate the loading device and sensors, and establish a communication connection with the numerical domain computing system; S3: Set test parameters, including time step, total analysis time, load conditions and boundary conditions, and configure the coordination control parameters of the interface data communication system; S4: Within each time step, the numerical domain computation system solves the dynamic equations and calculates the displacement and velocity responses of the interface nodes; S5: The interface data communication system performs timing synchronization and delay compensation processing, and transmits the interface displacement and velocity signals to the physical domain test system; S6: The physical domain test system controls the loading device to apply loads to the physical specimen based on the received interface signals; S7: The physical domain test system measures the interface reaction force through sensors, and the interface data communication system processes the data and transmits it to the numerical domain. S8: The numerical domain calculation system uses the received interface reaction force as the boundary load to update the calculation conditions for the next time step. S9: The interface data communication system performs adaptive time step coordination according to the test status, repeating steps S4-S8 until the test is completed.

8. The test method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S1, the numerical substructure model only needs to include the remaining structural parts other than the physical substructure, without considering the material properties, geometric parameters and boundary conditions of the physical substructure. In step S6, the loading control of the physical domain test system includes displacement control, velocity control, acceleration control, or a hybrid control mode, and a suitable control strategy is selected according to the test requirements. In step S7, the measurement of interface reaction force includes direct force measurement, indirect force calculation, or multi-sensor fusion measurement to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the reaction force data.

9. The test method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The method integrates an adaptive time step adjustment algorithm, which dynamically adjusts the time step based on numerical convergence and physical response characteristics to optimize experimental efficiency and accuracy. The method supports a variety of numerical solution algorithms, including direct integration, modal superposition, frequency domain analysis and nonlinear iterative algorithms, and is suitable for different types of structural dynamics problems. The method includes a comprehensive quality control system encompassing pre-test prediction, in-test monitoring, and post-test evaluation to ensure the reliability and validity of the test results.

10. An application of a test method for a real-time hybrid experimental architecture with separate numerical and physical domains as described in any one of claims 7-9, characterized in that, It is used in seismic isolation structure testing or bridge damper testing.

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