Composite material containing cellulosic fibers and having high impact strength

Abstract

A composite material is provided that is obtainable by blending components (a) to (g) and an optional component (h): (a) from 10.0 to 35.0% by weight of a first heterophasic propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1), (b) from 5.0 to 25.0% by weight of a second heterophasic propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2), (c) from 8.0 to 40.0% by weight of a hybrid-plastic polypropylene blend; the present invention relates to a composite material, in particular a composite material, comprising (a) from 8.0 to 18.0% by weight of a thermoplastic elastomer, (d) from 8.0 to 18.0% by weight of a vinyl elastomer, (e) from 5.0 to 30.0% by weight of cellulose-containing fibers, (f) from 1.0 to 5.0% by weight of a compatibilizer, (g) from 0.1 to 5.0% by weight of an additive, (h) optionally from 0.1 to 15.0% by weight of a high density polyethylene, where the weight amounts of components (a) to (h) are defined relative to the total weight of the composite material. Further, injection molded articles comprising the composite material are provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a composite material comprising a polymer and cellulose fibers. This composite material can be used to manufacture injection-molded articles, such as those for the automotive industry. Background Technology

[0002] Polymer compositions reinforced with inorganic fibers or fillers (such as glass fiber or talc) are known in the art. These materials are commonly used in manufacturing applications, such as the automotive industry, due to their good balance of strength and stiffness, as well as their impact resistance.

[0003] There is ongoing effort in the art (particularly in the automotive industry) to increase the renewable component content in reinforced polymer compositions in order to conserve non-renewable resources and / or reduce the CO2 footprint of these materials. One feasible way to increase the renewable component content in reinforced polymer compositions is to use naturally sourced fibrous materials. However, to date, progress in this direction has only resulted in composites with relatively low impact strength and / or stiffness that does not achieve the desired balance between impact strength and stiffness in the art.

[0004] Furthermore, many manufacturers (such as original equipment manufacturers in the automotive industry) are committed to using recycled materials in their products to further conserve non-renewable resources and / or reduce the CO2 footprint of their manufacturing processes. Therefore, a challenge in this field is how to provide composite materials that have a certain level of recyclability (in addition to renewable components) while still achieving sufficient functionality (such as a good balance of mechanical properties).

[0005] EP 1580231 A1 discloses a polypropylene composite comprising a propylene homopolymer or copolymer reinforced with a cellulose-containing natural material, and containing a grafted carboxylated propylene homopolymer or copolymer as a binding aid. EP 2551299A1 relates to a composition comprising a multiphase polymer composition and at least one cellulose-based filler, wherein the multiphase polymer composition comprises a propylene homopolymer and / or copolymer matrix phase, and an elastomeric propylene copolymer dispersed in said matrix phase. US 2015 / 0252179 A1 relates to a polyolefin-natural fiber composite composition for extrusion molding, and more specifically to a polyolefin-natural fiber composite composition comprising a polyolefin resin, natural fibers, a thermoplastic elastomer, and an anhydrous maleic acid-grafted polypropylene-based compatibilizer.

[0006] There is a need in the art to provide a composite material based on a polymer matrix and a renewable reinforcing agent, which combines high impact strength with good rigidity. Furthermore, the composite material should also have a relatively low density. Furthermore, it is also desirable to incorporate a significant amount of recycled materials into the composite material.

[0007] One object of the present invention is to provide a composite material containing naturally derived fibers, which exhibits good mechanical properties, such as a good balance between strength and stiffness, and a certain impact strength. Another object of the present invention is to provide a composite material comprising naturally derived fibers and recycled components, while achieving good mechanical properties, such as a good balance between strength and stiffness, and a certain impact strength. Summary of the Invention

[0008] One or more of the foregoing objectives are achieved through the technical solutions of the appended claims. In one aspect of the invention, a composite material is provided. The composite material can be prepared by blending components (a) to (g) and optionally component (h):

[0009] (a) 10.0 to 35.0% by weight of a first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) having a melt flow rate (MFR2) in the range of 60 to 200 g / 10 min as determined by ISO 1133 at 230 °C and 2.16 kg.

[0010] (b) 5.0 to 25.0% by weight of a second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2), which has:

[0011] - Melt flow rate (MFR2) measured according to ISO 1133 at 230 °C and 2.16 kg in the range of 4 to 30 g / 10 min, and

[0012] - Soluble fraction (SF) determined by CRYSTEX QC analysis in the range of 17.0 to 40.0% by weight relative to the total weight of the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2).

[0013] (c) 8.0 to 40.0% by weight of a mixed-plastic polypropylene blend, based on the total weight of the mixed-plastic polypropylene blend, having a polypropylene content of at least 75% by weight.

[0014] (d) 8.0 to 18.0% by weight of a vinyl elastomer, wherein the vinyl elastomer is a copolymer of ethylene and an α-olefin comonomer having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, and the vinyl elastomer has a content of 850 to 900 kg / m 3 Density within the range,

[0015] (e) 5.0 to 30.0% by weight of cellulose-containing fibers,

[0016] (f) 1.0 to 5.0% by weight of a compatibilizer, wherein the compatibilizer is polar modified polypropylene or polar modified elastomer.

[0017] (g) 0.1 to 5.0% by weight of additives,

[0018] (h) Optionally 0.1 to 15.0% by weight of high-density polyethylene,

[0019] The weight of components (a) to (h) is defined relative to the total weight of the composite material.

[0020] Surprisingly, this composite material offers a good balance between strength and stiffness, while also providing a certain level of impact strength. Its low density and high wood fiber content provide an ideal amount of renewable components. Furthermore, compared to comparable materials without blended-plastic polypropylene blends (such as post-consumer recycled materials), the presence of blended-plastic polypropylene blends does not affect or only moderately affects the properties of the composite material. The composite material also achieves good surface properties, such as scratch resistance and abrasion resistance.

[0021] In one embodiment, the composite material has one or two of the following properties, preferably two:

[0022] - A melt flow rate (MFR2) measured according to ISO 1133 at 230°C and 2.16 kg, in the range of 8 to 80 g / 10 min, preferably in the range of 9 to 75 g / 10 min, more preferably in the range of 10 to 70 g / 10 min, and even more preferably in the range of 10 to 60 g / 10 min; and

[0023] - Less than 1000 kg / m 3 And preferably between 900 and 990 kg / m 3 Density within the range.

[0024] In one embodiment, the composite material has the following properties:

[0025] - A flexural modulus determined according to ISO 178 of at least 1100 MPa, preferably at least 1150 MPa, more preferably at least 1200 MPa, and optionally up to 2000 MPa; and

[0026] - At least 7.0 kJ / m 2 Preferably at least 8.5 kJ / m 2 More preferably at least 11.0 kJ / m 2 The maximum optional location is 45 kJ / m 2 Charpy notched impact strength at 23°C, as determined according to ISO 179 1eA.

[0027] In one embodiment, the composite material can be prepared by blending components (a) through (h):

[0028] (a) 11.0 to 32.0% by weight, preferably 12.0 to 30.0% by weight, more preferably 13.0 to 29.0% by weight of the first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1).

[0029] (b) 7.0 to 23.0% by weight, preferably 8.0 to 21.0% by weight, more preferably 9.0 to 20.0% by weight of a second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2).

[0030] (c) 10.0 to 37.0% by weight, preferably 12.0 to 35.0% by weight, more preferably 13.0 to 33.0% by weight of a mixed-plastic polypropylene blend,

[0031] (d) 9.0 to 17.0% by weight, preferably 10.0 to 16.0% by weight, more preferably 10.0 to 14.0% by weight of vinyl elastomer,

[0032] (e) 8.0 to 28.0% by weight, preferably 10.0 to 26.0% by weight, more preferably 12.0 to 22.0% by weight of cellulose-containing fibers,

[0033] (f) 1.0 to 5.0% by weight, preferably 1.5 to 4.5% by weight, more preferably 2.0 to 4.0% by weight of a compatibilizer.

[0034] (g) 0.5 to 5.0% by weight, preferably 1.0 to 5.0% by weight, more preferably 2.0 to 5.0% by weight of additives.

[0035] (h) 1.0 to 15.0% by weight, preferably 2.0 to 12.0% by weight, more preferably 5.0 to 11.0% by weight of high-density polyethylene.

[0036] Wherein, the above-mentioned weight is the weight relative to the total weight of the composite material, and optionally, the sum of the above-mentioned weight is at least 98.0% by weight, preferably at least 99.0% by weight, more preferably 100.0% by weight.

[0037] In one embodiment, the first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) has one or two of the following properties, preferably two:

[0038] - The content of soluble fraction (SF) as determined by CRYSTEX QC analysis, relative to the total weight of the first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1), in the range of 6.0 to 22.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 8.0 to 20.0% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 10.0 to 19.0% by weight; and

[0039] - Intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, with soluble fraction content analyzed according to CRYSTEX QC, in the range of 1.5 to 3.5 dL / g, preferably in the range of 1.7 to 3.3 dL / g, more preferably in the range of 1.8 to 3.2 dL / g.

[0040] In one embodiment, the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) has one or two of the following properties, preferably two:

[0041] - Melt flow rate (MFR2) measured according to ISO 1133 at 230°C and 2.16 kg, in the range of 4 to 25 g / 10 min, preferably in the range of 4 to 20 g / 10 min, more preferably in the range of 5 to 15 g / 10 min; and

[0042] - Intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, with soluble fraction content analyzed according to CRYSTEX QC, in the range of 2.0 to 7.0 dL / g, preferably in the range of 2.5 to 6.8 dL / g, more preferably in the range of 3.5 to 6.5 dL / g.

[0043] In one embodiment, the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) has at least one of the following properties, preferably at least two, and more preferably all of them:

[0044] - The soluble fraction (SF) determined by CRYSTEX QC analysis relative to the total weight of the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) is in the range of 18.0 to 38.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 19.0 to 35.0% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 19.0 to 33.0% by weight.

[0045] - Relative to the total weight of the soluble fraction (SF) of the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2), the soluble fraction (SF) has a content in the range of 20.0 to 50.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 20.0 to 45.0% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 21.0 to 40.0% by weight, obtained by quantitative analysis. 13 Ethylene content (C2(SF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy; and

[0046] - The ratio of intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) of the soluble fraction content analyzed according to CRYSTEX QC to intrinsic viscosity (iV(CF)) of the crystalline fraction analyzed according to CRYSTEX QC, in the range of 1.2 to 6.0, preferably in the range of 1.5 to 5.0, and more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 4.0, wherein the intrinsic viscosity is determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1.

[0047] In one embodiment, the blend-plastic polypropylene blend has a limonene (also known as limonene) content determined by solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME-GC-MS) of at least 0.10 ppm, preferably in the range of 0.10 to 25.0 ppm.

[0048] In one embodiment, the blend-plastic polypropylene blend has at least one, preferably at least two, more preferably at least three, or even more preferably all of the following properties:

[0049] - Melt flow rate (MFR2) measured at 230 °C and 2.16 kg according to ISO 1133 in the range of 2 to 70 g / 10 min, preferably in the range of 5 to 40 g / 10 min, more preferably in the range of 8 to 35 g / 10 min.

[0050] - The content of soluble fraction (SF) relative to the total weight of the blended-plastic polypropylene blend is in the range of 4.0 to 16.0 wt%, preferably in the range of 6.0 to 14.0 wt%, more preferably in the range of 8.0 to 12.0 wt%, and the content of crystalline fraction (CF) relative to the total weight of the blended-plastic polypropylene blend is in the range of 84.0 to 96.0 wt%, preferably in the range of 86.0 to 94.0 wt%, more preferably in the range of 88.0 to 92.0 wt%, both fractions were determined according to CRYSTEXQC analysis;

[0051] - Relative to the total weight of the crystalline fraction (CF) of the blended-plastic polypropylene blend, the crystalline fraction (CF) has a content in the range of 1.0 to 12.0 wt%, preferably in the range of 1.5 to 10.0 wt%, and more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 9.0 wt%, obtained by quantitative analysis. 13 Ethylene content (C2(CF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy;

[0052] - The intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) of the soluble fraction determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, based on CRYSTEX QC analysis, is in the range of 0.90 to 2.2 dL / g, preferably in the range of 1.1 to 2.1 dL / g, and more preferably in the range of 1.3 to 2.0 dL / g; and

[0053] - Based on the total weight of the mixed-plastic polypropylene blend, the polypropylene content is in the range of 80 to 99% by weight, preferably in the range of 83 to 96% by weight.

[0054] In one embodiment, the vinyl elastomer has a strength of 855 to 895 kg / m³. 3 The density is within the range of 0.5 to 30 g / 10 min, and the melt flow rate (MFR2) is measured at 190 °C and 2.16 kg according to ISO 1133.

[0055] In one embodiment, the vinyl elastomer is a copolymer of ethylene and an α-olefin comonomer having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably a copolymer of ethylene and 1-octene.

[0056] In one embodiment, the compatibilizer is a polar modified propylene homopolymer or copolymer, and optionally the polar modified propylene homopolymer or copolymer is a propylene homopolymer or copolymer grafted with maleic anhydride and / or acrylic acid.

[0057] In one embodiment, the cellulose-containing fiber has one or two of the following properties, preferably two:

[0058] - Weight-based average fiber length in the range of 0.10 to 2.0 mm, preferably in the range of 0.15 to 1.50 mm, more preferably in the range of 0.30 to 1.20 mm; and

[0059] - A weight-based average aspect ratio of at least 1.5, preferably at least 1.8, and more preferably at least 2.2.

[0060] In one embodiment, the high-density polyethylene has a strength of 945 to 965 kg / m³. 3 Density within the range, and optionally melt flow rate (MFR2) measured according to ISO 1133 at 190 °C and 2.16 kg in the range of 0.5 to 30 g / 10 min.

[0061] Another aspect of the invention relates to an injection-molded article comprising a composite material as defined herein.

[0062] definition

[0063] "Propylene homopolymer" refers to a polymer that is essentially composed of propylene monomer units. Due to impurities, especially those present during industrial polymerization, propylene homopolymer may contain up to 0.1 mol% of comonomer units, preferably up to 0.05 mol% of comonomer units, and most preferably up to 0.01 mol% of comonomer units.

[0064] "Propylene copolymer" refers to a copolymer formed by propylene monomer units and comonomer units, wherein the comonomer units are preferably selected from ethylene and C4-C8 α-olefins, and more preferably from a selection of comonomer units selected from ethylene and C4-C8 α-olefins. "Propylene random copolymer" is a propylene copolymer in which comonomer units are randomly distributed along the polymer chain, while "propylene block copolymer" comprises propylene monomer unit blocks and comonomer unit blocks. Propylene random copolymer may contain comonomer units selected from one or more comonomers with different numbers of carbon atoms.

[0065] A "multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer" comprises a crystalline matrix phase and an elastomeric phase dispersed within the matrix phase. The crystalline matrix phase may be a propylene homopolymer or a random copolymer of propylene and ethylene. The elastomeric phase is typically a propylene-ethylene copolymer with a high ethylene comonomer content, wherein the ethylene comonomers are not randomly distributed in the polymer chain, but rather distributed in comonomer-rich block structures and propylene-rich block structures. Multiphase propylene copolymers are typically distinguished from single-phase propylene copolymers, for example, by exhibiting two different glass transition temperatures (Tg), attributed to the matrix phase and the elastomeric phase, respectively.

[0066] The term "blended-plastic polypropylene blend" refers to a plastic blend that primarily contains polypropylene; however, it may also contain small amounts of other plastics, typically including at least polyethylene. Blended-plastic polypropylene blends are often made from recycled materials. The term "recycled material" as used herein refers to material obtained through the reprocessing of "recycled waste." Recycled waste or recycled waste streams with high polypropylene content can be obtained, for example, from the automotive industry, particularly because some automotive parts (such as bumpers) are sources of relatively pure polypropylene material in recycled streams.

[0067] For the purposes of this disclosure, the term "recycled waste" is used to refer to materials recovered from both post-consumer waste and industrial waste, to distinguish them from virgin polymers. "Post-consumer waste" refers to articles that have completed at least their first use cycle (or life cycle), i.e., articles that have achieved their first purpose; while "industrial waste" refers to production waste that typically does not reach consumers. On the other hand, the term "virgin" refers to newly produced materials and / or articles before their first use, which have not yet been recycled. Recycled waste (such as post-consumer waste) can often be identified by the presence of small amounts of compounds that are not typically found in virgin materials (e.g., virgin polypropylene), such as polystyrene, polyamides (e.g., polyamide-6), polyesters, wood, paper, limonene, aldehydes, ketones, fatty acids, metals, and / or long-term decomposition products of stabilizers.

[0068] As used herein, the term "cellulose-containing fiber" refers to fibers that contain cellulose, typically combined with other components of natural plant fibers, such as, but not limited to, hemicellulose, lignin, pectin, etc. Therefore, the term "cellulose-containing fiber" is intended to encompass plant fibers containing cellulose fibers (such as woody fibers), for example, in the form of lignocellulose fibers and / or other cellulose-containing plant fibers.

[0069] When the term "comprising" is used in this specification and claims, it does not exclude other unspecified elements of primary or secondary functional importance. For the purposes of this invention, the terms "consistently composed of" and "comprises of" are considered to be specific embodiments of the term "comprising". If a group is defined below as comprising at least a certain number of features or embodiments, this should also be understood to disclose a group that optionally consists substantially only of those features or embodiments. The term "consistently composed of" should be understood to mean that specific other components may be present, i.e., those components that do not substantially affect the essential properties of the material to which the term pertains.

[0070] When the term "available" is used, it should always include the term "available" as a preferred embodiment. When the terms "comprising" or "having" are used, these terms are equivalent in meaning to "comprising" as defined above. Unless otherwise expressly stated, the terms "an," "a," etc., refer to one or more. Unless otherwise stated, quantities are expressed as % (weight %).

[0071] The present invention will be described in more detail below. Detailed Implementation

[0072] 1. Composite materials

[0073] One aspect of the present invention provides a composite material. This composite material can be prepared by blending components (a) to (g) and optionally component (h):

[0074] (a) 10.0 to 35.0% by weight of a first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) having a melt flow rate (MFR2) in the range of 60 to 200 g / 10 min as determined by ISO 1133 at 230 °C and 2.16 kg.

[0075] (b) 5.0 to 25.0% by weight of a second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2), which has:

[0076] - Melt flow rate (MFR2) measured according to ISO 1133 at 230 °C and 2.16 kg in the range of 4 to 30 g / 10 min, and

[0077] - Soluble fraction (SF) determined by CRYSTEX QC analysis in the range of 17.0 to 40.0% by weight relative to the total weight of the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2).

[0078] (c) 8.0 to 40.0% by weight of a mixed-plastic polypropylene blend, based on the total weight of the mixed-plastic polypropylene blend, having a polypropylene content of at least 75% by weight.

[0079] (d) 8.0 to 18.0% by weight of a vinyl elastomer, wherein the vinyl elastomer is a copolymer of ethylene and an α-olefin comonomer having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, and the vinyl elastomer has a content of 850 to 900 kg / m 3 Density within the range,

[0080] (e) 5.0 to 30.0% by weight of cellulose-containing fibers,

[0081] (f) 1.0 to 5.0% by weight of a compatibilizer, wherein the compatibilizer is polar modified polypropylene or polar modified elastomer.

[0082] (g) 0.1 to 5.0% by weight of additives,

[0083] (h) Optionally 0.1 to 15.0% by weight of high-density polyethylene,

[0084] The weight of components (a) to (h) is defined relative to the total weight of the composite material.

[0085] The composite material and its components will be described in further detail in the following sections.

[0086] 1.1 Properties and composition of composite materials

[0087] Composite materials can be prepared by blending components (a) to (g) as defined herein and optional component (h).

[0088] The blending of the components can be carried out by any blending method suitable for preparing the composite material, particularly melt blending. Blending can be melt blending and / or melt compounding of the components using conventional compounding or blending equipment such as a Banbury mixer, a two-roll rubber mill, a Buss-co-kneader, or a twin-screw extruder. Preferably, blending is carried out in a plastic extruder (such as a single-screw extruder or a twin-screw extruder), more preferably in a twin-screw extruder. This plastic extruder may be equipped with a soft mixing element. Melt blending and / or melt compounding can be carried out in a temperature range of 160 to 220°C, for example, in a temperature range of 180 to 200°C. The composite material can be obtained in granular form.

[0089] Composite materials can be prepared by blending components (a) to (g) with optional component (h):

[0090] (a) 10.0 to 35.0% by weight, preferably 11.0 to 32.0% by weight, more preferably 12.0 to 30.0% by weight, and even more preferably 13.0 to 29.0% by weight of the first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1).

[0091] (b) 5.0 to 25.0% by weight, preferably 7.0 to 23.0% by weight, more preferably 8.0 to 21.0% by weight, and even more preferably 9.0 to 20.0% by weight of a second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2).

[0092] (c) 8.0 to 40.0% by weight, preferably 10.0 to 37.0% by weight, more preferably 12.0 to 35.0% by weight, and even more preferably 13.0 to 33.0% by weight of mixed-plastic polypropylene blends;

[0093] (d) 8.0 to 18.0% by weight, preferably 9.0 to 17.0% by weight, more preferably 10.0 to 16.0% by weight, and even more preferably 10.0 to 14.0% by weight of vinyl elastomer.

[0094] (e) 5.0 to 30.0% by weight, preferably 8.0 to 28.0% by weight, more preferably 10.0 to 26.0% by weight, and even more preferably 12.0 to 22.0% by weight of cellulose-containing fibers.

[0095] (f) 1.0 to 5.0% by weight, preferably 1.0 to 5.0% by weight, more preferably 1.5 to 4.5% by weight, and even more preferably 2.0 to 4.0% by weight of compatibilizer.

[0096] (g) 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 5.0% by weight, more preferably 1.0 to 5.0% by weight, and even more preferably 2.0 to 5.0% by weight of additives, and

[0097] (h) Optionally 0.1 to 15.0% by weight, preferably 1.0 to 15.0% by weight, more preferably 2.0 to 12.0% by weight, even more preferably 5.0 to 11.0% by weight of high-density polyethylene,

[0098] The weight of components (a) to (h) is defined relative to the total weight of the composite material.

[0099] Optional component (h) may be absent from the composite material or may not be used to prepare the composite material. In this case, the sum of the weights of components (a) to (g) relative to the total weight of the composite material is at least 98.0% by weight, preferably at least 99.0% by weight, and more preferably 100.0% by weight.

[0100] Preferably, the composite material can be prepared using component (h). Therefore, the composite material is preferably prepared by blending components (a) to (h):

[0101] (a) 10.0 to 35.0% by weight, preferably 11.0 to 32.0% by weight, more preferably 12.0 to 30.0% by weight, and even more preferably 13.0 to 29.0% by weight of the first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1).

[0102] (b) 5.0 to 25.0% by weight, preferably 7.0 to 23.0% by weight, more preferably 8.0 to 21.0% by weight, and even more preferably 9.0 to 20.0% by weight of a second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2).

[0103] (c) 8.0 to 40.0% by weight, preferably 10.0 to 37.0% by weight, more preferably 12.0 to 35.0% by weight, and even more preferably 13.0 to 33.0% by weight of mixed-plastic polypropylene blends;

[0104] (d) 8.0 to 18.0% by weight, preferably 9.0 to 17.0% by weight, more preferably 10.0 to 16.0% by weight, and even more preferably 10.0 to 14.0% by weight of vinyl elastomer.

[0105] (e) 5.0 to 30.0% by weight, preferably 8.0 to 28.0% by weight, more preferably 10.0 to 26.0% by weight, and even more preferably 12.0 to 22.0% by weight of cellulose-containing fibers.

[0106] (f) 1.0 to 5.0% by weight, preferably 1.0 to 5.0% by weight, more preferably 1.5 to 4.5% by weight, and even more preferably 2.0 to 4.0% by weight of compatibilizer.

[0107] (g) 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 5.0% by weight, more preferably 1.0 to 5.0% by weight, and even more preferably 2.0 to 5.0% by weight of additives, and

[0108] (h) 0.1 to 15.0 wt%, preferably 1.0 to 15.0 wt%, more preferably 2.0 to 12.0 wt%, even more preferably 5.0 to 11.0 wt% of high-density polyethylene,

[0109] The weight of components (a) to (h) is defined relative to the total weight of the composite material.

[0110] The sum of the weights of components (a) to (h) relative to the total weight of the composite material can be at least 98.0% by weight, preferably at least 99.0% by weight, and more preferably 100.0% by weight. Therefore, the composite material is preferably prepared by blending components (a) to (h):

[0111] (a) 10.0 to 35.0% by weight, preferably 11.0 to 32.0% by weight, more preferably 12.0 to 30.0% by weight, and even more preferably 13.0 to 29.0% by weight of the first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1).

[0112] (b) 5.0 to 25.0% by weight, preferably 7.0 to 23.0% by weight, more preferably 8.0 to 21.0% by weight, and even more preferably 9.0 to 20.0% by weight of a second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2).

[0113] (c) 8.0 to 40.0% by weight, preferably 10.0 to 37.0% by weight, more preferably 12.0 to 35.0% by weight, and even more preferably 13.0 to 33.0% by weight of mixed-plastic polypropylene blends;

[0114] (d) 8.0 to 18.0% by weight, preferably 9.0 to 17.0% by weight, more preferably 10.0 to 16.0% by weight, and even more preferably 10.0 to 14.0% by weight of vinyl elastomer.

[0115] (e) 5.0 to 30.0% by weight, preferably 8.0 to 28.0% by weight, more preferably 10.0 to 26.0% by weight, and even more preferably 12.0 to 22.0% by weight of cellulose-containing fibers.

[0116] (f) 1.0 to 5.0% by weight, preferably 1.0 to 5.0% by weight, more preferably 1.5 to 4.5% by weight, and even more preferably 2.0 to 4.0% by weight of compatibilizer.

[0117] (g) 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 5.0% by weight, more preferably 1.0 to 5.0% by weight, and even more preferably 2.0 to 5.0% by weight of additives.

[0118] (h) 0.1 to 15.0 wt%, preferably 1.0 to 15.0 wt%, more preferably 2.0 to 12.0 wt%, even more preferably 5.0 to 11.0 wt% of high-density polyethylene,

[0119] The weight of components (a) to (h) is defined relative to the total weight of the composite material, and the sum of the weights is at least 98.0% by weight, preferably at least 99.0% by weight, and more preferably 100.0% by weight.

[0120] In one embodiment, the composite material may comprise components (a) to (h) as defined herein, may consist substantially of components (a) to (h) as defined herein, or may consist of components (a) to (h) as defined herein. In one embodiment, the composite material does not contain more than 5.0% by weight of inorganic fillers and / or inorganic reinforcing agents (e.g., glass fibers and / or talc).

[0121] The composite material preferably comprises a mixed-plastic polypropylene blend derived from recycled materials, more preferably from post-industrial or post-consumer waste, and more preferably from post-consumer waste. The composite material may have a limonene content of at least 0.1 ppm, for example, in the range of 0.10 to 25.0 ppm as determined by solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The presence of limonene indicates that the composite material comprises a mixed-plastic polypropylene blend derived from recycled materials (e.g., post-consumer waste). Other indicators that the composite material comprises a mixed plastic blend derived from recycled materials (e.g., post-consumer waste) may include the presence of polystyrene, polyamide-6, and / or fatty acids.

[0122] Composite materials typically have melt flow rates suitable for injection molding processes. The composite material may have a melt flow rate (MFR2) measured according to ISO 1133 at 230°C and 2.16 kg, in the range of 8 to 80 g / 10 min, preferably in the range of 9 to 75 g / 10 min, more preferably in the range of 10 to 70 g / 10 min, and even more preferably in the range of 10 to 60 g / 10 min, for example in the range of 10 to 30 g / 10 min or 10 to 20 g / 10 min.

[0123] Composite materials can have a strength of less than 1000 kg / m³. 3 Preferably between 900 and 990 kg / m 3 Within a certain range, such as 920 to 990 kg / m³, the density is particularly suitable for applications where relatively light weight is advantageous, such as in the automotive sector.

[0124] Composite materials typically possess specific mechanical properties, such as tensile and / or impact properties, which makes them applicable in the manufacturing field.

[0125] The composite material may possess specific tensile properties. The composite material may have a tensile modulus of at least 1200 MPa, preferably at least 1300 MPa, more preferably at least 1400 MPa, and even more preferably at least 1450 MPa, as determined according to ISO 527-1A. The upper limit of the tensile modulus of the composite material may be 1900 MPa or 2000 MPa as determined according to ISO 527-1A. Therefore, the composite material may have a tensile modulus of 1200 to 2000 MPa, preferably in the range of 1300 to 2000 MPa, more preferably in the range of 1400 to 2000 MPa, and even more preferably in the range of 1450 to 2000 MPa, for example, in the range of 1500 to 1900 MPa, as determined according to ISO 527-1A.

[0126] The composite material may have a tensile strength of at least 14 MPa, preferably at least 16 MPa, more preferably at least 18 MPa, as determined according to ISO 527-2. The composite material may also have a tensile strength in the range of 14 to 30 MPa, preferably in the range of 16 to 28 MPa, more preferably in the range of 18 to 26 MPa, for example in the range of 20 to 24 MPa, as determined according to ISO 527-2.

[0127] The composite material may possess specific flexural properties. The composite material may have a flexural modulus of at least 1100 MPa, preferably at least 1150 MPa, more preferably at least 1200 MPa, and for example at least 1300 MPa, as determined by ISO 178. The composite material may have a flexural modulus of in the range of 1100 to 1900 MPa, preferably in the range of 1150 to 1850 MPa, more preferably in the range of 1200 to 1850 MPa, and for example in the range of 1300 to 1800 MPa, as determined by ISO 178.

[0128] Furthermore, the composite material may have a flexural strength of at least 24 MPa, preferably at least 26 MPa, more preferably at least 28 MPa, for example, a flexural strength measured according to ISO 178 in the range of 26 to 36 MPa or 28 to 34 MPa.

[0129] Composite materials typically possess high impact strength, such as that measured according to the Charpy impact strength test. The composite material may have a Charpy notched impact strength at 23°C measured according to ISO 179 1eA, with a value of at least 7.0 kJ / m², preferably at least 8.5 kJ / m², more preferably at least 11.5 kJ / m², and for example at least 12.5 kJ / m². The composite material may also have a Charpy notched impact strength at 23°C measured according to ISO 179 1eA, in the range of 7.0 to 45.0 kJ / m², preferably in the range of 8.5 to 35.0 kJ / m², more preferably in the range of 11.5 to 25.0 kJ / m², and for example in the range of 12.5 to 25.0 kJ / m².

[0130] Preferably, one or more of the tensile and / or flexural properties defined above are achieved in combination with one or more of the impact properties defined above, such that the composite material is characterized by a good balance between stiffness and impact performance.

[0131] According to a preferred embodiment, the composite material has:

[0132] - A flexural modulus of at least 1100 MPa, preferably at least 1150 MPa, more preferably at least 1200 MPa, as determined according to ISO 178; and

[0133] - At least 7.0 kJ / m 2 Preferably at least 8.5 kJ / m 2 More preferably at least 11.0 kJ / m 2 Charpy notched impact strength at 23°C, as determined according to ISO 1791eA.

[0134] According to a preferred embodiment, the composite material has:

[0135] - Flexural modulus measured according to ISO 178 in the range of 1100 to 1900 MPa, preferably in the range of 1150 to 1850 MPa, more preferably in the range of 1200 to 1850 MPa, for example in the range of 1300 to 1800 MPa; and

[0136] - Charpy notched impact strength at 23°C as measured according to ISO 179 1eA, in the range of 7.0 to 45.0 kJ / m², preferably in the range of 8.5 to 35.0 kJ / m², more preferably in the range of 11.5 to 25.0 kJ / m², for example in the range of 12.5 to 20.0 kJ / m².

[0137] According to a preferred embodiment, the composite material has:

[0138] - Flexural modulus measured according to ISO 178 in the range of 1100 to 1900 MPa, preferably in the range of 1150 to 1850 MPa, more preferably in the range of 1200 to 1850 MPa, for example in the range of 1300 to 1800 MPa;

[0139] - Tensile modulus measured according to ISO 527-1A in the range of 1200 to 2000 MPa, preferably in the range of 1300 to 2000 MPa, more preferably in the range of 1400 to 2000 MPa, and even more preferably in the range of 1450 to 2000 MPa, for example, in the range of 1500 to 1900 MPa.

[0140] - Charpy notched impact strength at 23°C as measured according to ISO 179 1eA, in the range of 7.0 to 45.0 kJ / m², preferably in the range of 8.5 to 35.0 kJ / m², more preferably in the range of 11.5 to 25.0 kJ / m², for example in the range of 12.5 to 20.0 kJ / m².

[0141] The polymer fraction of the composite material can be characterized using the CRYSTEX QC method, preferably with trichlorobenzene (TCB) as the solvent. The measurement method is further described in the "Measurement Methods" section below. CRYSTEX QC analysis is suitable for determining the crystalline fraction (CF) and soluble fraction (SF) of the polymer fraction in the composite material. The crystalline fraction (CF) contains most of the matrix phase and only a small portion of the elastomer phase, while the soluble fraction (SF) contains most of the elastomer phase and only a small portion of the matrix phase. Because the separation methods of cold xylene extraction and CRYSTEX QC differ, the performance of the XCS / XCI fraction is not always entirely the same as that of the crystalline / soluble (CF / SF) fraction. This means that the amounts and properties of the matrix and elastomer phases may differ.

[0142] The polymer portion of the composite material may have a content in the range of 16.0 to 34.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 20.0 to 32.0% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 25.0 to 30.0% by weight, obtained by quantitative analysis. 13 Ethylene content (C2 (total)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy.

[0143] The polymer portion of the composite material may have a soluble fraction (SF) content determined by CRYSTEX QC analysis in the range of 20.0 to 40.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 21.0 to 35.0% by weight, more preferably in the range of 22.0 to 32.0% by weight, for example in the range of 26.0 to 30.0% by weight.

[0144] The soluble fraction (SF) may have a content in the range of 45.0 to 65.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 47.0 to 63.0% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 50.0 to 62.0% by weight, obtained by quantitative analysis. 13 Ethylene content (C2(SF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy.

[0145] The soluble fraction (SF) may have an intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) measured according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1 in the range of 1.80 to 3.40 dL / g, more preferably in the range of 1.90 to 3.10 dL / g, and even more preferably in the range of 2.00 to 2.80 dL / g, for example in the range of 2.10 to 2.70 dL / g.

[0146] The polymer portion of the composite material has a crystalline fraction (CF) content that can be determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis. The sum of the weights of the crystalline fraction (CF) and the soluble fraction (SF) is 100% by weight of the polymer portion of the composite material. The crystalline fraction (CF) may be in the range of 10.0 to 26.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 12.0 to 24.0% by weight, more preferably in the range of 14.0 to 22.0% by weight, for example in the range of 16.0 to 20.0% by weight, obtained by quantitative analysis. 13 The ethylene content (C2(CF)) was determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy. The crystalline fraction (CF) may have an intrinsic viscosity (iV(CF)) measured according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1 in the range of 0.90 to 2.10 dL / g, more preferably in the range of 1.10 to 2.00 dL / g, and even more preferably in the range of 1.20 to 1.90 dL / g.

[0147] In one embodiment, the polymer portion of the composite material has the following properties:

[0148] - The content of the substance being quantified is in the range of 16.0 to 34.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 20.0 to 32.0% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 25.0 to 30.0% by weight. 13 Ethylene content (C2 (total)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy, and

[0149] - The soluble fraction (SF) content determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis is in the range of 20.0 to 40.0 wt%, preferably in the range of 21.0 to 35.0 wt%, more preferably in the range of 22.0 to 32.0 wt%, for example in the range of 26.0 to 30.0 wt%.

[0150] Preferably, the soluble fraction (SF) has a content in the range of 45.0 to 65.0% by weight, more preferably in the range of 47.0 to 63.0% by weight, and even more preferably in the range of 50.0 to 62.0% by weight, obtained by quantitative analysis. 13 The ethylene content (C2(SF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy, and the intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1 in the range of 1.80 to 3.40 dL / g, more preferably in the range of 1.90 to 3.10 dL / g, and even more preferably in the range of 2.00 to 2.80 dL / g, for example in the range of 2.10 to 2.50 dL / g.

[0151] The composite material according to the invention is preferably used to prepare injection-molded articles. Preferably, the composite material can be used to prepare injection-molded articles for manufacturing applications (such as automotive manufacturing). These injection-molded articles are further described in the "Injection-Molded Articles" section below.

[0152] 1.2 First multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1)

[0153] The composite material can be obtained from a first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) as component (a). The first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) comprises:

[0154] i) Crystalline matrix phase; and

[0155] ii) An elastomeric phase dispersed in the matrix phase.

[0156] The first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) is provided in an amount of 10.0 to 35.0% by weight, preferably 11.0 to 32.0% by weight, more preferably 12.0 to 30.0% by weight, and even more preferably 13.0 to 29.0% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composite material.

[0157] The first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) has a melt flow rate (MFR2) in the range of 60 to 200 g / 10 min, measured according to ISO 1133 at 230 °C and 2.16 kg. Therefore, the first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) is characterized by a relatively high melt flow rate. Preferably, the first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) has a melt flow rate (MFR2) in the range of 70 to 180 g / 10 min, more preferably in the range of 75 to 160 g / 10 min, and even more preferably in the range of 80 to 140 g / 10 min, for example, in the range of 90 to 120 g / 10 min, measured according to ISO 1133 at 230 °C and 2.16 kg.

[0158] The crystalline matrix phase of the first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) may have a melt flow rate (MFR2) measured according to ISO 1133 at 230 °C and 2.16 kg in the range of 80 to 500 g / 10 min, preferably in the range of 90 to 450 g / 10 min, more preferably in the range of 100 to 400 g / 10 min, for example in the range of 120 to 200 g / 10 min.

[0159] The first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) may have a melting temperature Tm determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in the range of 150 to 170°C, preferably in the range of 155 to 168°C, and more preferably in the range of 162 to 168°C.

[0160] The first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) can be further defined by specific properties determined by CRYSTEX QC analysis, with trichlorobenzene preferably used as a solvent.

[0161] The first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) may have a weight relative to the total weight of the first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) in the range of 2.0 to 14.0 wt%, preferably in the range of 2.5 to 12.5 wt%, more preferably in the range of 3.0 to 11.5 wt%, for example in the range of 5.0 to 11.0 wt%, by quantitative analysis. 13 Ethylene content (C2 (total)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy.

[0162] The first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) may have a soluble fraction (SF) content determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis in the range of 6.0 to 22.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 8.0 to 20.0% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 10.0 to 19.0% by weight, relative to the total weight of the first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1).

[0163] The intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) of the soluble fraction content, as determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, based on CRYSTEX QC analysis, is in the range of 1.5 to 3.5 dl / g, preferably in the range of 1.7 to 3.3 dl / g, and more preferably in the range of 1.8 to 3.2 dl / g.

[0164] The soluble fraction (SF) may have a weight relative to the total weight of the soluble fraction (SF) of the first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) in the range of 30.0 to 50.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 33.0 to 45.0% by weight, more preferably in the range of 35.0 to 42.0% by weight, through quantitative analysis. 13 Ethylene content (C2(SF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy.

[0165] In a preferred embodiment, the first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) has:

[0166] - The content of soluble fraction (SF) as determined by CRYSTEX QC analysis relative to the total weight of the first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1), in the range of 6.0 to 22.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 8.0 to 20.0% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 10.0 to 19.0% by weight.

[0167] - Intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, with soluble fraction content analyzed according to CRYSTEX QC, in the range of 1.5 to 3.5 dl / g, preferably in the range of 1.7 to 3.3 dl / g, more preferably in the range of 1.8 to 3.2 dl / g.

[0168] In a more preferred embodiment, the first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) has:

[0169] - The content of soluble fraction (SF) as determined by CRYSTEX QC analysis relative to the total weight of the first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1), in the range of 6.0 to 22.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 8.0 to 20.0% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 10.0 to 19.0% by weight.

[0170] - The intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, based on the soluble fraction content analyzed according to CRYSTEX QC, is in the range of 1.5 to 3.5 dl / g, preferably in the range of 1.7 to 3.3 dl / g, and more preferably in the range of 1.8 to 3.2 dl / g.

[0171] - Relative to the total weight of the soluble fraction (SF) of the first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1), the soluble fraction (SF) has a content in the range of 30.0 to 50.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 33.0 to 45.0% by weight, more preferably in the range of 35.0 to 42.0% by weight, obtained by quantitative analysis. 13 Ethylene content (C2(SF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy.

[0172] The first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) may have a crystallization fraction (CF) content determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis in the range of 78.0 to 94.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 80.0 to 92.0% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 81.0 to 90.0% by weight, relative to the total weight of the first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1).

[0173] The crystalline fraction (CF) may have a weight of less than 5.0% by weight relative to the total weight of the crystalline fraction (CF) of the first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1), preferably in the range of 0.1 to 4.0% by weight, more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 3.5% by weight, for example in the range of 1.5 to 3.5% by weight, through quantitative analysis. 13 Ethylene content (C2(CF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy.

[0174] The intrinsic viscosity (iV(CF)) of the crystal fraction content, as determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, based on CRYSTEX QC analysis, is in the range of 0.7 to 2.0 dl / g, preferably in the range of 0.8 to 1.8 dl / g, and more preferably in the range of 0.9 to 1.6 dl / g.

[0175] In a preferred embodiment, the first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) has:

[0176] - The content of crystallization fraction (CF) as determined by CRYSTEX QC analysis relative to the total weight of the first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) is in the range of 78.0 to 94.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 80.0 to 92.0% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 81.0 to 90.0% by weight.

[0177] - Relative to the total weight of the crystalline fraction (CF) of the first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1), the crystalline fraction (CF) has less than 5.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 4.0% by weight, more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 3.5% by weight, obtained by quantitative analysis. 13 Ethylene content (C2(CF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy, and

[0178] - Intrinsic viscosity (iV(CF)) determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, with crystal fraction content as analyzed by CRYSTEX QC, in the range of 0.7 to 2.0 dl / g, preferably in the range of 0.8 to 1.8 dl / g, more preferably in the range of 0.9 to 1.6 dl / g.

[0179] The first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) is characterized in that the ratio of intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) of the soluble fraction content analyzed according to CRYSTEX QC to intrinsic viscosity (iV(CF)) of the crystalline fraction analyzed according to CRYSTEX QC is greater than 1.0, preferably in the range of 1.2 to 3.5, more preferably in the range of 1.5 to 3.0, the intrinsic viscosity being determined according to DIN ISO1628 / 1.

[0180] Alternatively or alternatively, the first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) may be characterized by its xylene cold soluble fraction (XCS).

[0181] The first multiphase polypropylene copolymer (HECO1) may have one or more of the following properties, preferably all of them:

[0182] - The xylene cold solubles (XCS) content, determined according to ISO 16152 at 25°C, in the range of 6.5 to 23.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 8.5 to 21.0% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 10.5 to 20.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the first multiphase polypropylene copolymer (HECO1).

[0183] - Intrinsic viscosity (IV) of the XCS fraction determined at 135°C according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1 in decahydronaphthalene in the range of 1.4 to 3.4 dl / g, preferably in the range of 1.6 to 3.2 dl / g, and more preferably in the range of 1.7 to 3.1 dl / g.

[0184] The first multiphase polypropylene copolymer (HECO1) can be prepared by a polymerization process based on a Ziegler-Natta catalyst. This process is typically carried out in a sequential polymerization reactor, such as a loop reactor connected to two or more gas-phase reactors. Examples of such processes are described in detail in the "Experimental Section" below.

[0185] The first multiphase polypropylene copolymer (HECO1) is a material known in the art and is commercially available.

[0186] 1.3 Second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2)

[0187] The composite material can be obtained from a second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) as component (b). The second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) comprises:

[0188] i) Crystalline matrix phase; and

[0189] ii) An elastomeric phase dispersed in the matrix phase.

[0190] The second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) is provided in an amount ranging from 5.0 to 25.0% by weight, preferably from 7.0 to 23.0% by weight, more preferably from 8.0 to 21.0% by weight, and even more preferably from 9.0 to 20.0% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composite material.

[0191] The second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) has a melt flow rate (MFR2) in the range of 4 to 30 g / 10 min, measured according to ISO 1133 at 230°C and 2.16 kg. Therefore, the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) is characterized by a lower melt flow rate than the first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1). Preferably, the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) has a melt flow rate (MFR2) in the range of 4 to 25 g / 10 min, more preferably in the range of 4 to 20 g / 10 min, and even more preferably in the range of 5 to 15 g / 10 min, for example in the range of 5 to 10 g / 10 min, measured according to ISO 1133 at 230°C and 2.16 kg.

[0192] The second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) may have a melting temperature Tm determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in the range of 150 to 170°C, preferably in the range of 155 to 168°C, and more preferably in the range of 162 to 168°C.

[0193] The second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) can be further defined by specific characteristics determined by CRYSTEX QC analysis, preferably using trichlorobenzene as a solvent.

[0194] The second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) may have a content relative to the total weight of the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) in the range of 4.5 to 25.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 5.5 to 22.0% by weight, more preferably in the range of 6.0 to 20.0% by weight, through quantitative... 13 Ethylene content (C2 (total)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy.

[0195] The second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) has a soluble fraction (SF) content, determined by CRYSTEX QC analysis, in the range of 17.0 to 40.0% by weight relative to the total weight of the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2). Preferably, the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) has a soluble fraction (SF) content, determined by CRYSTEX QC analysis, in the range of 18.0 to 38.0% by weight relative to the total weight of the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2), more preferably in the range of 19.0 to 35.0% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 19.0 to 33.0% by weight.

[0196] The intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) of the soluble fraction content determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis and measured according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1 is in the range of 2.0 to 7.0 dl / g, preferably in the range of 2.5 to 6.8 dl / g, and more preferably in the range of 3.5 to 6.5 dl / g.

[0197] Relative to the total weight of the soluble fraction (SF) of the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2), the soluble fraction (SF) may have a content in the range of 20.0 to 50.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 20.0 to 45.0% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 21.0 to 40.0% by weight, through quantitative analysis. 13 Ethylene content (C2(SF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy.

[0198] In a preferred embodiment, the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) has:

[0199] - The content of soluble fraction (SF) determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis, relative to the total weight of the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2), in the range of 18.0 to 38.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 19.0 to 35.0% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 19.0 to 33.0% by weight.

[0200] - Intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, with soluble fraction content analyzed according to CRYSTEX QC, in the range of 2.0 to 7.0 dl / g, preferably in the range of 2.5 to 6.8 dl / g, more preferably in the range of 3.5 to 6.5 dl / g.

[0201] In a more preferred embodiment, the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) has:

[0202] - The soluble fraction (SF) content, as determined by CRYSTEX QC analysis, is in the range of 18.0 to 38.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 19.0 to 35.0% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 19.0 to 33.0% by weight, relative to the total weight of the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2).

[0203] - Intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, with soluble fraction content analyzed according to CRYSTEX QC in the range of 2.0 to 7.0 dl / g, preferably in the range of 2.5 to 6.8 dl / g, more preferably in the range of 3.5 to 6.5 dl / g, and in the range of CRYSTEX QC.

[0204] - Relative to the total weight of the soluble fraction (SF) of the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2), the soluble fraction (SF) has a content in the range of 20.0 to 50.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 20.0 to 45.0% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 21.0 to 40.0% by weight, obtained by quantitative analysis. 13 Ethylene content (C2(SF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy.

[0205] The second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) has a crystallization fraction (CF) content determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis in the range of 60.0 to 83.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 62.0 to 82.0% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 65.0 to 81.0% by weight, relative to the total weight of the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2).

[0206] The crystalline fraction (CF) may have a weight relative to the total weight of the crystalline fraction (CF) of the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) in the range of 1.0 to 10.0 wt%, preferably in the range of 1.5 to 9.0 wt%, more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 6.0 wt%, through quantitative analysis. 13 Ethylene content (C2(CF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy.

[0207] The intrinsic viscosity (iV(CF)) of the crystal fraction content, as determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, based on CRYSTEX QC analysis, is in the range of 1.0 to 3.5 dl / g, preferably in the range of 1.1 to 3.0 dl / g, and more preferably in the range of 1.2 to 2.5 dl / g.

[0208] In a preferred embodiment, the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) has:

[0209] - The content of crystalline fraction (CF) as determined by CRYSTEX QC analysis relative to the total weight of the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2), in the range of 60.0 to 83.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 62.0 to 82.0% by weight, more preferably in the range of 65.0 to 81.0% by weight, for example in the range of 74.0 to 81.0% by weight.

[0210] - Relative to the total weight of the crystalline fraction (CF) of the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2), the crystalline fraction (CF) has a content in the range of 1.0 to 10.0 wt%, preferably in the range of 1.5 to 9.0 wt%, and more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 6.0 wt%, obtained by quantitative analysis. 13Ethylene content (C2(CF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy, and

[0211] - 1.0 to 3.5 dl / g, preferably 1.1 to 3.0 dl / g, more preferably 1.2 to 2.5 dl / g of intrinsic viscosity (iV(CF)) determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, based on the content of crystalline fractions as analyzed by CRYSTEX QC.

[0212] The second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) is characterized in that the ratio of intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) of the soluble fraction content analyzed according to CRYSTEX QC to intrinsic viscosity (iV(CF)) of the crystalline fraction analyzed according to CRYSTEX QC is in the range of 1.2 to 6.0, preferably in the range of 1.5 to 5.0, more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 4.0, wherein the intrinsic viscosity is determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1.

[0213] In a preferred embodiment, the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) has:

[0214] - The soluble fraction (SF) content, as determined by CRYSTEX QC analysis, is in the range of 18.0 to 38.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 19.0 to 35.0% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 19.0 to 33.0% by weight, relative to the total weight of the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2).

[0215] - The ratio of the intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) of the soluble fraction as analyzed by CRYSTEX QC to the intrinsic viscosity (iV(CF)) of the crystalline fraction as analyzed by CRYSTEX QC is in the range of 1.2 to 6.0, preferably in the range of 1.5 to 5.0, more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 4.0, the intrinsic viscosity being determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, and

[0216] - Relative to the total weight of the soluble fraction (SF) of the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2), the soluble fraction (SF) has a content in the range of 20.0 to 50.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 20.0 to 45.0% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 21.0 to 40.0% by weight, obtained by quantitative analysis. 13 Ethylene content (C2(SF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy.

[0217] Alternatively or alternatively, the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) may be characterized by its xylene cold soluble fraction (XCS).

[0218] The second multiphase polypropylene copolymer (HECO2) may possess one or more of the following properties, preferably all of them:

[0219] - The xylene cold solubles (XCS) content, determined according to ISO 16152 at 25°C, in the range of 18.0 to 42.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 19.0 to 40.0% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 20.0 to 36.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the second multiphase polypropylene copolymer (HECO2).

[0220] - Intrinsic viscosity (IV) of the XCS fraction determined at 135°C according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1 in decahydronaphthalene in the range of 2.0 to 7.0 dl / g, preferably in the range of 2.1 to 6.8 dl / g, more preferably in the range of 3.5 to 6.5 dl / g.

[0221] Secondary multiphase polypropylene copolymers (HECO2) can typically be obtained via a polymerization process based on Ziegler-Natta catalysts. This process is usually carried out in a sequential polymerization reactor, such as a loop reactor connected to two or more gas-phase reactors. Examples of such processes are detailed in the "Experimental Section" below.

[0222] The second multiphase polypropylene copolymer (HECO2) is a material known in the art and is commercially available.

[0223] 1.4 Mixed-plastic polypropylene blends

[0224] The composite material can be obtained from a mixed-plastic polypropylene blend as component (c). The mixed-plastic polypropylene blend is provided in an amount ranging from 8.0 to 40.0% by weight, preferably from 10.0 to 37.0% by weight, more preferably from 12.0 to 35.0% by weight, and even more preferably from 13.0 to 33.0% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composite material.

[0225] Based on the total weight of the blended-plastic polypropylene blend, the blended-plastic polypropylene blend has a polypropylene content of at least 75% by weight. Therefore, the blended-plastic polypropylene blend is a propylene-rich plastic blend. Preferably, based on the total weight of the blended-plastic polypropylene blend, the blended-plastic polypropylene blend has a polypropylene content in the range of 80 to 99% by weight, more preferably in the range of 83 to 96% by weight. The blended-plastic polypropylene blend contains one or more other plastics. These one or more other plastics typically contain at least polyethylene.

[0226] Preferably, the blended-plastic polypropylene blend is a recycled material. This recycled material can be obtained from recycled waste using plastic recycling processes known in the art.

[0227] Recycled waste can originate from different waste streams or can be a combination of different recyclables. Recycled waste or recyclables are commercially available, for example from Corepla (Italian Union for the Collection, Recycling and Reuse of Packaging Plastics Waste), ResourcePlastics Corp. (Bampton, Ontario), Kruschitz GmbH, Plastics and Recycling (AT), VogtPlastik GmbH (DE), Mtm ​​Plastics GmbH (DE), Morssinkhof-Rymoplast (NL), etc. Non-exhaustive examples of polypropylene-rich recycled materials include: Purpolen® PP (Mtm Plastics GmbH), Axpoly® recycled polypropylene granules (Axion Ltd), Moprylene (Morssinkhof-Rymoplast), and polypropylene copolymers (BSP compounds). During the recycling process, any reasonable measures are typically taken to reduce / remove any components other than polyethylene and polypropylene, provided that such measures are recommended for the end application or use; however, other components are usually present in small quantities. Other such components include polystyrene (PS), polyamide (PA), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), all present in the lowest possible amounts, typically below the detection limit. Recycled waste and recyclables may vary in plastic composition depending on the source of the recycled material. Technicians are aware of these differences and can analyze the variations in recycled waste streams (such information is often commercially available). If desired, technicians can combine different recycled waste streams to achieve the target composition of the blended plastics.

[0228] The blended-plastic polypropylene blend is preferably a recycled material derived from post-industrial or post-consumer waste, more preferably a recycled material derived from post-consumer waste.

[0229] The blended-plastic polypropylene blend preferably has a limonene content of at least 0.1 ppm, more preferably in the range of 0.10 to 25.0 ppm, as determined by solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The presence of limonene indicates that the blended-plastic polypropylene blend is derived from recycled materials (e.g., post-consumer waste). Other indicators that the blended-plastic polypropylene blend is derived from recycled materials (e.g., from post-consumer waste) may be that the blended-plastic polypropylene blend contains polystyrene, polyamide-6, and / or fatty acids.

[0230] The blended-plastic polypropylene blend may have an inorganic residue content in the range of 0.05 to 3.0% by weight, for example, in the range of 0.50 to 2.5% by weight, as determined by calcination analysis according to DIN ISO 1172:1996.

[0231] The blended-plastic polypropylene blend preferably has a melt flow rate (MFR2) measured according to ISO 1133 at 230°C and 2.16 kg in the range of 2 to 70 g / 10 min, more preferably in the range of 5 to 40 g / 10 min, and even more preferably in the range of 8 to 35 g / 10 min, for example in the range of 10 to 30 g / 10 min.

[0232] The blended-plastic polypropylene blend preferably has a soluble fraction (SF) content determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis in the range of 4.0 to 16.0% by weight, more preferably in the range of 6.0 to 14.0% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 8.0 to 12.0% by weight, relative to the total weight of the blended-plastic polypropylene blend.

[0233] The soluble fraction (SF) may have a content in the range of 20.0 to 55.0% by weight, more preferably in the range of 22.0 to 50.0% by weight, and most preferably in the range of 24.0 to 48.0% by weight, for example, in the range of 24.0 to 35.0% by weight, obtained by quantitative analysis. 13 The ethylene content (C2(SF)) was determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy. The intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) of the soluble fraction, as determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, is in the range of 0.90 to 2.2 dL / g, preferably in the range of 1.1 to 2.1 dL / g, and more preferably in the range of 1.3 to 2.0 dL / g.

[0234] Alternatively or concurrently, the blended-plastic polypropylene blend preferably has a crystalline fraction (CF) content, determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis, in the range of 84.0 to 96.0% by weight, more preferably in the range of 86.0 to 94.0% by weight, and even more preferably in the range of 88.0 to 92.0% by weight, relative to the total weight of the blended-plastic polypropylene blend. The crystalline fraction (CF) preferably has a content in the range of 1.0 to 12.0% by weight, more preferably in the range of 1.5 to 10.0% by weight, and even more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 9.0% by weight, for example, in the range of 2.0 to 5.0% by weight, determined by quantitative analysis. 13The ethylene content (C2(CF)) was determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy. The intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) of the crystallization fraction, as determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, is in the range of 0.80 to 2.1 dL / g, preferably in the range of 1.0 to 2.0 dL / g, and more preferably in the range of 1.1 to 1.9 dL / g.

[0235] In one embodiment, the blend-plastic polypropylene blend has at least one of the following properties, preferably at least two, more preferably at least three, or even more preferably all of them:

[0236] - Melt flow rate (MFR2) measured at 230 °C and 2.16 kg according to ISO 1133 in the range of 2 to 70 g / 10 min, preferably in the range of 5 to 40 g / 10 min, more preferably in the range of 8 to 35 g / 10 min.

[0237] - The content of soluble fraction (SF) relative to the total weight of the blended-plastic polypropylene blend is in the range of 4.0 to 16.0 wt%, preferably in the range of 6.0 to 14.0 wt%, more preferably in the range of 8.0 to 12.0 wt%, and the content of crystalline fraction (CF) relative to the total weight of the blended-plastic polypropylene blend is in the range of 84.0 to 96.0 wt%, preferably in the range of 86.0 to 94.0 wt%, more preferably in the range of 88.0 to 92.0 wt%, both fractions were determined according to CRYSTEXQC analysis;

[0238] - Relative to the total weight of the crystalline fraction (CF) of the blended-plastic polypropylene blend, the crystalline fraction (CF) has a content in the range of 1.0 to 12.0 wt%, preferably in the range of 1.5 to 10.0 wt%, and more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 9.0 wt%, obtained by quantitative analysis. 13 Ethylene content (C2(CF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy;

[0239] - The intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) of the soluble fraction determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, based on CRYSTEX QC analysis, is in the range of 0.90 to 2.2 dL / g, preferably in the range of 1.1 to 2.1 dL / g, and more preferably in the range of 1.3 to 2.0 dL / g; and

[0240] - Based on the total weight of the mixed-plastic polypropylene blend, it has a polypropylene content in the range of 80 to 99% by weight, preferably in the range of 83 to 96% by weight.

[0241] 1.5 Vinyl elastomer

[0242] The composite material can be obtained from a vinyl elastomer as component (d). A vinyl elastomer is provided in an amount of 8.0 to 18.0% by weight, preferably 9.0 to 17.0% by weight, more preferably 10.0 to 16.0% by weight, and even more preferably 10.0 to 14.0% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composite material.

[0243] Vinyl elastomers are copolymers of ethylene and α-olefin comonomers having 4 to 12 carbon atoms. Preferably, vinyl elastomers are copolymers of ethylene and α-olefin comonomers having 4 to 8 carbon atoms. More preferably, vinyl elastomers are copolymers of ethylene and 1-octene.

[0244] In a preferred embodiment, the vinyl elastomer is a copolymer of ethylene and 1-octene, and the content of 1-octene-derived units in the vinyl elastomer is in the range of 15 to 55% by weight, preferably in the range of 20 to 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the vinyl elastomer.

[0245] Furthermore, the vinyl elastomer has a density in the range of 850 to 900 kg / m³, preferably in the range of 855 to 895 kg / m³, more preferably in the range of 856 to 890 kg / m³, for example in the range of 856 to 880 kg / m³.

[0246] The vinyl elastomer may have a melt flow rate (MFR2) measured according to ISO 1133 at 190°C and 2.16 kg in the range of 0.5 to 30 g / 10 min, preferably in the range of 0.8 to 25 g / 10 min, for example in the range of 0.8 to 15 g / 10 min, in the range of 0.8 to 10 g / 10 min, or in the range of 0.8 to 5 g / 10 min.

[0247] The vinyl elastomers described herein are materials known in the art and are commercially available. For example, a suitable vinyl elastomer is an ethylene-octene copolymer commercially available from Dow Chemical under the trade name "Engage 8842".

[0248] Those skilled in the art will also know how the vinyl elastomers described herein are prepared. The preparation process may include, but is not limited to, polymerization of ethylene with 1-octene in a gas-phase reactor in the presence of a metallocene catalyst.

[0249] 1.6 Cellulose fiber

[0250] The composite material can be obtained from cellulose-containing fibers as component (e). Amounts of cellulose-containing fibers are provided in the amount of 5.0 to 30.0% by weight, preferably 8.0 to 28.0% by weight, more preferably 10.0 to 26.0% by weight, and even more preferably 12.0 to 22.0% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composite material.

[0251] Cellulose-containing fibers can be obtained from any kind of plant containing naturally occurring cellulose fibers, such as, but not limited to, wood, bamboo, hemp, flax, kenaf, etc. Preferably, the cellulose-containing fibers are wood fibers. Wood may include, but is not limited to, softwoods (such as fir, cedar, pine, spruce, etc.) and hardwoods (such as birch, ash, oak, walnut, etc.). More preferably, the cellulose-containing fibers are softwood fibers. Therefore, cellulose-containing fibers can be obtained from wood (preferably softwood).

[0252] Preferably, the cellulose-containing fibers are plant fibers obtained from plants through mechanical and / or thermomechanical processes. "Mechanical and / or thermomechanical processes" do not include chemical treatment steps for removing specific components from the fibers, such as those used to prepare cellulose fibers for papermaking. In a preferred embodiment, the cellulose-containing fibers are lignocellulose fibers obtained from wood, preferably softwood, through mechanical and / or thermomechanical processes.

[0253] Cellulose-containing fibers may contain 30 to 95% by weight, for example, 40 to 85% by weight or 50 to 85% by weight of cellulose. Other components are typically hemicellulose and / or lignin. Cellulose-containing fibers may be lignocellulose fibers. In a preferred embodiment, the cellulose-containing fibers are lignocellulose fibers obtained from wood, preferably from softwood.

[0254] The cellulose-containing fibers may have a length in the range of 0.10 to 2.0 mm, optionally in the range of 0.15 to 1.5 mm. The cellulose-containing fibers may have an average fiber length in the range of 0.10 to 2.0 mm, preferably in the range of 0.15 to 1.50 mm, more preferably in the range of 0.30 to 1.2 mm, preferably an average fiber length based on weight. The cellulose-containing fibers may have an average aspect ratio of at least 1.5, preferably at least 1.8, more preferably at least 2.2, preferably an average aspect ratio based on weight. The upper limit of the average aspect ratio, preferably an average aspect ratio based on weight, may be 3.0 or 3.2. According to a preferred embodiment, the cellulose-containing fibers have an average fiber length based on weight in the range of 0.10 to 2.0 mm, preferably in the range of 0.15 to 1.50 mm, more preferably in the range of 0.30 to 1.2 mm, and an average aspect ratio based on weight of at least 1.5, preferably at least 1.8, more preferably at least 2.2. According to a preferred embodiment, the cellulose-containing fiber is a woody fiber having a weight-based average fiber length in the range of 0.10 to 2.0 mm, preferably in the range of 0.15 to 1.50 mm, more preferably in the range of 0.30 to 1.2 mm, and more preferably a softwood fiber.

[0255] Average fiber length (e.g., average fiber length based on weight) and average aspect ratio (e.g., average aspect ratio based on weight) are preferably determined according to FASEP analysis. FASEP analysis is also described in the "Measurement Methods" section below.

[0256] The cellulose-containing fibers mentioned above are commercially available; for example, wood fibers are available from Rettenmaier & Söhne under the trade name Arbocel.

[0257] 1.7 Compatibilizer

[0258] The composite material can be obtained from a compatibilizer as component (f). The compatibilizer is provided in an amount of 1.0 to 5.0% by weight, preferably 1.0 to 5.0% by weight, more preferably 1.5 to 4.5% by weight, and even more preferably 2.0 to 4.0% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composite material.

[0259] The compatibilizer is polar-modified polypropylene or a polar-modified elastomer, such as a polar-modified ethylene elastomer. Preferably, the compatibilizer is polar-modified polypropylene. This polar-modified polypropylene may be a polar-modified propylene homopolymer or copolymer.

[0260] Polar modified propylene homopolymers or copolymers may be polar propylene homopolymers or copolymers containing polar groups selected from the group consisting of acid anhydrides, carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid derivatives, primary and secondary amines, hydroxy compounds, oxazolines and epoxy compounds, ionic compounds and combinations thereof.

[0261] Polar modified propylene homopolymers or copolymers may be propylene homopolymers or copolymers grafted with polar compounds. Specific examples of such polar compounds include unsaturated cyclic anhydrides and their aliphatic diesters, as well as diacid derivatives, such as, but not limited to, maleic anhydride, and compounds selected from C1 to C10 straight-chain and branched dialkyl maleates, C1 to C10 straight-chain and branched dialkyl fumarates, itaconic anhydride, C1 to C10 straight-chain and branched itaconic acid dialkyl esters, acrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, and mixtures thereof.

[0262] Based on the total weight of the polar modified propylene homopolymer or copolymer, the polar modified propylene homopolymer or copolymer may contain 0.5 to 5.0% by weight of polar groups. For example, the amount may be in the range of 0.5 to 4.5% by weight, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 4.0% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 3.5% by weight.

[0263] Preferably, the compatibilizer is a polar modified propylene homopolymer or copolymer, wherein the polar modified propylene homopolymer or copolymer is a propylene homopolymer or copolymer grafted with maleic anhydride and / or acrylic acid, more preferably a propylene homopolymer or copolymer grafted with maleic anhydride.

[0264] Propylene homopolymers or copolymers grafted with polar compounds (e.g., maleic anhydride and / or acrylic acid) can be prepared in a simple manner by reacting the polymer with the polar grafted compound in the presence of a free radical generator (e.g., an organic peroxide), as disclosed, for example, in US 4,506,056, US 4,753,997 or EP 1,805,238.

[0265] The compatibilizer, preferably a polar modified propylene homopolymer or copolymer, has a melt flow rate (MFR2, 230°C, 2.16 kg) of at least 20 g / 10 min, preferably in the range of 25.0 to 250 g / 10 min, for example in the range of 40.0 to 100 g / 10 min. According to a preferred embodiment, the compatibilizer is a polar modified propylene homopolymer or copolymer, which is a propylene homopolymer or copolymer grafted with maleic anhydride, and its melt flow rate (MFR2, 230°C, 2.16 kg) as determined according to ISO 1133 is in the range of 20.0 g / 10 min to 250 g / 10 min.

[0266] The compatibilizers described herein are materials known in the art and are commercially available.

[0267] 1.8 High-density polyethylene

[0268] The composite material can be obtained from high-density polyethylene as an optional component (h). Preferably, the composite material can be obtained by using high-density polyethylene as component (h).

[0269] The amount of high-density polyethylene may be provided in the range of 0.1 to 15.0% by weight, preferably 1.0 to 15.0% by weight, more preferably 2.0 to 12.0% by weight, and even more preferably 5.0 to 11.0% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composite material.

[0270] High-density polyethylene preferably has a density in the range of 945 to 965 kg / m³, more preferably in the range of 948 to 962 kg / m³.

[0271] High-density polyethylene may have a melt flow rate (MFR2) measured according to ISO 1133 at 190°C and 2.16 kg in the range of 0.5 to 30 g / 10 min, preferably in the range of 1.0 to 30 g / 10 min, more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 20 g / 10 min, for example in the range of 2.0 to 10 g / 10 min.

[0272] According to a preferred embodiment, the high-density polyethylene preferably has a strength of 945 to 965 kg / m³. 3 The density is preferably in the range of 948 to 962 kg / m³ and the melt flow rate (MFR2) is in the range of 0.5 to 30 g / 10 min, preferably in the range of 1.0 to 30 g / 10 min, more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 20 g / 10 min, for example in the range of 2.0 to 10 g / 10 min, as determined by ISO 1133 at 190 °C and 2.16 kg.

[0273] The high-density polyethylene described herein is a material known in the art and is commercially available. Those skilled in the art will also know how to prepare such a material based on their ordinary knowledge.

[0274] 1.9 additive

[0275] The composite material can be obtained by an additive as a component (g). The additive is provided in an amount of 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 5.0% by weight, more preferably 1.0 to 5.0% by weight, and even more preferably 2.0 to 5.0% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composite material.

[0276] Typical additives include acid scavengers, antioxidants, colorants, (UV) light stabilizers, plasticizers, slip agents, anti-scratch agents, release agents, nucleating agents, dispersants, processing aids, lubricants, and pigments. In one embodiment, the additive is selected from the group consisting of acid scavengers, antioxidants, colorants, (UV) light stabilizers, plasticizers, slip agents, anti-scratch agents, release agents, nucleating agents, dispersants, processing aids, lubricants, and pigments. Such additives are commercially available and are described, for example, in Hans Zweifel's "Plastic Additives Handbook," 6th edition, 2009 (pp. 1141-1190).

[0277] Typically, the additives present in composite materials include one or more antioxidants. Based on the total weight of the composite material, one or more antioxidants as part of the additives may be present in amounts ranging from 0.02 to 1.5% by weight, from 0.1 to 1.2% by weight, or from 0.1 to 1.0% by weight.

[0278] In one embodiment, the additives present in the composite material comprise one or more pigments. Based on the total weight of the composite material, one or more pigments as part of the additives may be present in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 1.5% by weight, from 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, or from 0.1 to 0.5% by weight.

[0279] In one embodiment, the additives present in the composite material include one or more processing aids. Based on the total weight of the composite material, the one or more processing aids, as part of the additives, may be present in amounts of 0.5 to 3.0 wt%, 1.0 to 3.0 wt%, or 1.5 to 2.5 wt%. The one or more processing aids may be siloxane polymers, preferably ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) siloxane polymers, or reaction products obtained by reactive dispersion in a propylene polymer (such as a propylene homopolymer carrier resin of a masterbatch). The siloxane polymer may be present in combination with one or more other processing aids.

[0280] In one embodiment, the additives present in the composite material include one or more antioxidants, one or more UV stabilizers, one or more pigments, and one or more processing aids. These types of additives may be present in the composite material in the amounts described above.

[0281] Furthermore, the additive may include a carrier material, particularly a polymeric carrier material. The polymeric carrier material may be part of an additive masterbatch. Therefore, the additive as a component (g) can be provided in the form of an additive masterbatch comprising the additive and the polymeric carrier material. During preparation (e.g., by melt mixing), the polymeric carrier material ensures good dispersion of the additive in the composite material. The polymeric carrier material is not limited to a specific polymer. The polymeric carrier material may be an ethylene homopolymer, an ethylene copolymer derived from ethylene and α-olefin comonomers (such as C3 to C8 α-olefin comonomers), a propylene homopolymer, and / or a propylene copolymer derived from propylene and α-olefin comonomers (such as ethylene and / or C4 to C8 α-olefin comonomers).

[0282] Various commercially available additive masterbatches are available in the art, including masterbatches containing one or more of the aforementioned additives. Those skilled in the art also know how to prepare additive masterbatches, for example, by compounding a carrier polymer with one or more selected additives.

[0283] 2. Injection-molded products

[0284] Another aspect of the invention provides an injection-molded article comprising a composite material as defined herein.

[0285] Based on the total weight of the injection-molded article, the injection-molded article may contain at least 60% by weight, more preferably at least 80% by weight, and even more preferably at least 90% by weight, such as at least 95% by weight or at least 99% by weight of composite material as defined herein. In one specific embodiment, the injection-molded article is substantially composed of or composed of composite material.

[0286] Preferably, the injection-molded article is used in a manufacturing application field, such as the automotive manufacturing field. Therefore, it is preferable that the injection-molded article is an injection-molded automotive article.

[0287] The present invention will be described below through specific embodiments, but these embodiments should not be construed as limiting the present invention in any way.

[0288] 3. Experimental Section

[0289] 3.1 Measurement methods

[0290] The properties of starting materials and composite materials were determined using the following measurement methods. Unless otherwise defined, the measurement methods also apply to the general description above.

[0291] 3.1.1 Melt Flow Rate (MFR)

[0292] Melt flow rate (MFR2) is measured according to ISO 1133 at 230°C or 190°C under a load of 2.16 kg (for the defined parameters, as shown in parentheses). Melt flow rate is the amount of polymer (in grams) extruded in 10 minutes at 230°C or 190°C under a load of 2.16 kg using test equipment standardized according to ISO 1133.

[0293] 3.1.2 CRYSTEX QC Analysis (Crystallization and Soluble Fractionation)

[0294] The crystallization fraction (CF) and soluble fraction (SF) of the polypropylene composition, as well as the comonomer content and intrinsic viscosity of the corresponding fractions, were analyzed using a CRYSTEX instrument from Polymer Char in Valencia, Spain. Details of this technique and method can be found in the literature (Ljiljana Jeremic, Andreas Albrecht, Martina Sandholzer & Markus Gahleitner (2020) Rapid characterization of high-impactethylene-propylene copolymer composition by crystallization extraction separation: comparability to standard separation methods, International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, 25:8, 581-596).

[0295] Crystalline and amorphous fractions were separated by a temperature cycle of dissolution at 160 °C, crystallization at 40 °C, and redissolution in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene at 160 °C. Quantification of SF and CF, as well as determination of ethylene content (C2), were achieved using an integrated infrared detector (IR4), and an online 2-capillary viscometer was used for intrinsic viscosity (IV). The IR4 detector is a multi-wavelength detector that measures IR absorbance in two different wavelength bands (CH3 stretching vibration (center at approximately 2960 cm⁻¹)). -1 ) and CH stretching vibration (2700-3000 cm) -1The IR4 detector was used to determine the concentration and ethylene content in ethylene-propylene copolymers. The detector was calibrated using a series of eight EP copolymers with known ethylene contents ranging from 2% to 69% by weight (determined by 13C-NMR), each copolymer having a different concentration ranging from 2 to 13 mg / ml. To simultaneously satisfy both the expected concentrations of various polymers and the ethylene content during Crystex analysis, the following calibration equation was applied:

[0296] The constants a to e in equation 1 and the constants a to f in equation 2 were determined using least squares regression analysis.

[0297] Use the following relationship to convert CH3 / 1000C to ethylene content in weight percent:

[0298] Weight % (ethylene in EP copolymer) = 100 - CH3 / 1000C*0.3 (Equation 3)

[0299] The amounts of soluble fraction (SF) and crystalline fraction (CF) were correlated by XS calibration with the amounts of "xylene cold solubles" (XCS) and the corresponding xylene cold insolubles (XCI) fractions determined according to the standard gravimetric method of ISO 16152. XS calibration was achieved by testing various EP copolymers with XS contents ranging from 2% to 31% by weight. The determined XS calibration was linear.

[0300] Weight % XS = 1.01 * Weight % SF (Equation 4)

[0301] The intrinsic viscosity (IV) of the parent EP copolymer and its soluble and crystalline fractions was determined using an online 2-capillary viscometer and correlated with the corresponding IV determined according to ISO 1628-3 in decahydronaphthalene by a standard method. Calibration was performed using various EP-PP copolymers with IV = 2-4 dL / g. The determined calibration curves were linear.

[0302] IV (dL / g) = a * Vsp / c (Equation 5)

[0303] The sample to be analyzed was weighed at a concentration of 10 mg / ml to 20 mg / ml. To avoid injecting possible gels and / or polymers, such as PET and PA, that are insoluble in TCB at 160°C, the weighed sample was placed in a stainless steel mesh MW 0.077 / D 0.05 mm.

[0304] After autofilling sample vials with 1,2,4-TCB containing 250 mg / L 2,6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) as an antioxidant, the sample was dissolved at 160°C until completely dissolved, typically for 60 minutes, with constant stirring at 400 rpm. To prevent sample degradation, the polymer solution was enveloped in a nitrogen atmosphere during dissolution. A specified volume of sample solution was injected into a column packed with an inert support, where crystallization and separation of the soluble fraction from the crystalline fraction were performed. This process was repeated twice. During the first injection, the entire sample was measured at high temperature to determine the IV [dL / g] and C2 [wt%] of the PP composition. During the second injection, the soluble fraction (at low temperature) and the crystalline fraction (at high temperature) were measured using a crystallization cycle (wt% SF, wt% C2, IV).

[0305] 3.1.3 Intrinsic Viscosity

[0306] Intrinsic viscosity (iV) was determined at 135°C in decahydronaphthalene according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, October 1999.

[0307] 3.1.4 Xylene cold solubles (XCS)

[0308] Xylene soluble fraction at room temperature (XCS, wt%): The amount of polymer soluble in xylene was determined at 25°C according to ISO 16152; 5th edition; 2005-07-01.

[0309] 3.1.5 Density

[0310] Density was measured according to ISO 1183-187. The sample was measured on a 4 mm thick injection-molded dog bone-shaped specimen prepared according to EN ISO 1873-2.

[0311] 3.1.6 Charpy Notched Impact Strength (NIS)

[0312] Charpy notched impact strength (NIS) was measured using injection-molded strip specimens of 80×10×4 mm³ at +23°C or -20°C according to ISO 179 1eA. The injection-molded strip specimens were prepared according to ISO 19069-2 using a melt temperature of 230°C, which is applicable to all materials regardless of the melt flow rate.

[0313] 3.1.7 Melting temperature (T) m ) and crystallization temperature (T) c )

[0314] Melting temperature (Tm) and crystallization temperature (Tc) were measured using a TA Instrument Q200 differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) on samples ranging from 5 to 7 mg. The DSC was operated in a heating / cooling / heating cycle at a scan rate of 10 °C / min over a temperature range of -30 to +225 °C, according to ISO 11357 / Part 3 / Method C2. Crystallization temperature (Tc) and enthalpy of crystallization (Hc) were determined from the cooling step, while melting temperature (Tm) and enthalpy of melting (Hm) were determined from the second heating step.

[0315] 3.1.8 Bending performance

[0316] Flexural modulus and flexural strength were determined according to ISO 178 Method A (three-point bending test) on an 80 mm × 10 mm × 4 mm specimen. A test speed of 2 mm / min was used, with a span of 16 times the thickness, as per the standard. The test temperature was 23 ± 2 °C. Injection molding was performed according to ISO 19069-2 using a melt temperature of 230 °C, applicable to all materials regardless of melt flow rate.

[0317] 3.1.9 Tensile properties

[0318] Tensile properties were determined on injection-molded dog-bone-shaped specimens with a thickness of 4 mm, prepared in accordance with EN ISO 1873-2. Tensile modulus was determined according to ISO 527-1A at a strain rate of 1 mm / min and a temperature of 23 °C, and tensile strength and elongation at break (strain) were determined according to ISO 527-2 at a strain rate of 50 mm / min and a temperature of 23 °C.

[0319] 3.1.10 Fiber Size Analysis

[0320] The size of the cellulose-containing fibers was determined before blending (i.e., before the preparation of the composite material). The weight-average fiber length and fiber length distribution were determined according to the FASEP (FAser SEParation) method. The fibers were suspended in ethanol, and the suspension was diluted until a good balance was achieved between the number of fibers and the degree of fiber overlap. In this regard, the fiber-to-water ratio was adjusted to be equal to or less than 15 mg / L to obtain images where the number of fiber clusters was less than 20% of all fibers. The average fiber length was determined by grayscale image processing on FASEP 1.9.44.0 (IDM Systems, Darmstadt, Germany), and statistical studies were performed by calculating the average fiber length and fiber length distribution. For image evaluation, FASEP software (ImageProPlus, which includes the FASEP module) was used, which separates the fibers from the background, removes dust (i.e., particles smaller than 10 μm) and other irrelevant features, separates the fibers (if overlapping), and automatically measures the length of each fiber.

[0321] The average fiber length Ln and the weight-average fiber length Lp are determined according to ISO 22314:05:2006 using the following formulas (A to C):

[0322] (Formula A)

[0323] (Formula B)

[0324] (Formula C)

[0325] The average diameter value is calculated using a similar method, which in turn allows for the calculation of the average aspect ratio based on quantity or weight.

[0326] 3.1.11 Limonene Detection

[0327] Quantitative analysis of limonene was performed using solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME-GC-MS) via the standard addition method. 50 mg of the ground sample was weighed into a 20 mL headspace vial. After adding different concentrations of limonene and a glass-coated magnetic stir bar, the vial was sealed with a silicone / PTFE-lined magnetic cap. A known concentration of diluted limonene standard was added to the sample using a microcapillary (10 pL). 0, 2, 20, and 100 ng of limonene were added, equivalent to 0 mg / kg, 0.1 mg / kg, 1 mg / kg, and 5 mg / kg, respectively. Additionally, standard amounts of limonene at 6.6 mg / kg, 11 mg / kg, and 16.5 mg / kg were used in combination with some samples tested in this application. For quantitative analysis, Ion-93 acquired in SIM mode was used. Enrichment of volatile fractions was performed using a 2 cm stable Flex 50 / 30 pm DVB / Carboxen / PDMS fiber via headspace solid-phase microextraction at 60 °C for 20 min. Desorption was performed directly in the heated inlet of the GCMS system at 270 °C.

[0328] GCMS parameters:

[0329] Chromatographic column: 30 m HP 5 MS 0.25*0.25

[0330] Injector: Splitless, with 0.75 mm SPME liner, 270℃

[0331] Temperature program: -10℃ (1 min)

[0332] Carrier gas: Helium 5.0, linear velocity 31 cm / s, constant flow rate

[0333] MS: Single quadrupole, direct interface, 280℃ interface temperature

[0334] Data Acquisition: SIM Scanning Mode

[0335] Scan parameters: 20 to 300 amu

[0336] SIM parameters: m / Z 93, 100 ms dwell time

[0337] 3.2 Starting materials

[0338] The following components were used as starting materials for preparing the composite material:

[0339] 3.2.1 Synthesis of multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymers (HECOs)

[0340] The catalyst used to prepare HECO1 was a Ziegler-Natta catalyst, commercially available from Lyondell Basell (Italy), under the trade name ZN180M.

[0341] The catalyst used to prepare HECO2 was a Ziegler-Natta catalyst from Borealis, with a Ti content of 1.9 wt% (as described in EP 0 591 224). Prior to polymerization, the catalyst was prepolymerized with vinylcyclohexane (VCH), as described in EP 1 028 984 and EP 1 183 307. The VCH to catalyst ratio used in the prepolymerization process was 1:1, resulting in a final polyvinylcyclohexane (poly-VCH) content of less than 100 ppm. In the first stage, the above catalyst was co-fed with propylene and a small amount of hydrogen (2.5 g / h) and ethylene (330 g / h) into the prepolymerization reactor. Triethylaluminum was used as the cocatalyst, and dicyclopentyldimethoxysilane was used as the donor. The aluminum to donor ratio was 7.5 mol / mol, and the aluminum to titanium ratio was 300 mol / mol. The reactor was operated at 30°C and 55 bar. Subsequent polymerization was carried out under the conditions described in Table 1 below.

[0342] Table 1. Polymerization conditions of HECOs:

[0343] Table 2 shows the performance of HECO1 and HECO2.

[0344] Table 2:

[0345] Multiphase copolymers HECO1 and HECO2 were compounded in a Coperion ZSK 47 twin-screw extruder at 220°C with 0.15% by weight of an antioxidant (Irganox B215FF from BASF AG, Germany; a 1:2 mixture of pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate (CAS No.: 6683-19-8) and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite (CAS No.: 31570-04-4)) and 0.05% by weight of calcium stearate (CAS No.: 1592-23-0, commercially available from Faci, Italy).

[0346] 3.2.2 Mixed Plastics Polypropylene Copolymer

[0347] Two post-consumer recycled polypropylene (PCR-PP) blends, PCR-PP1 and PCR-PP2, were used as mixed plastic polypropylene blends for preparing composite materials. Their properties are described in Table 3 below:

[0348] Table 3:

[0349] 3.2.3 Vinyl elastomers

[0350] The ethylene-1-octene elastomer was commercially available from Dow Chemical under the trade name "Engage 8842," and has a density of approximately 857 kg / m³ and a melt flow rate (MFR) of 1.0 g / 10 min (2.16 kg at 190°C). A further characteristic of this elastomer is that it contains approximately 45% by weight of 1-octene-derived units and has a melting temperature of 38°C.

[0351] 3.2.4 Cellulose-containing fibers

[0352] Cork fiber, purchased from Rettenmaier & Söhne under the trade name Arbocel C400, has a weight-based average length of 820 µm (according to FASEP analysis) and a weight-based aspect ratio of 2.5 (according to FASEP analysis).

[0353] 3.2.5 Compatibilizer

[0354] Maleic anhydride-functionalized polypropylene, which was purchased from BYK Kometra under the trade name "SCONATPPP 8112 GA", has a maleic anhydride content of 1.4% by weight and an MFR of approximately 80 g / 10 min (ISO 1133, 230°C, 2.16 kg).

[0355] 3.2.6 High-density polyethylene (HDPE)

[0356] High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is a commercially available grade having a density of 954 kg / m³ (ISO 1183), an MFR2 of 4 g / 10min (ISO 1133, 190°C, 2.16 kg), and a tensile modulus of 850 MPa (ISO 527-2).

[0357] 3.2.7 Additives

[0358] ADD1: Polyethylene masterbatch containing black pigment.

[0359] ADD2: Polypropylene-based masterbatch containing 50% by weight of ultra-high molecular weight siloxane polymer, commercially available from Dow Corning under the trade name MB50-001.

[0360] ADD3: ADK Stab LA-408X, a synergistic UV stabilizer masterbatch, commercially available from Adeka, France.

[0361] ADD4: Antioxidant (pentaerythritol tetra(3-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate (CAS No.: 6683-19-8)) under the trade name Irganox 1010, obtained from BASF AG.

[0362] ADD5: Antioxidant (tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite (CAS No.: 31570-04-4)) under the trade name Irgafos 168, obtained from BASF AG.

[0363] ADD6: Masterbatch propylene homopolymer carrier resin, commercially available from Borealis AG under the brand name "HC001".

[0364] 3.3 Examples of composite materials

[0365] The composite materials IE1 to IE4 and CE1 to CE4 were prepared based on the formulations shown in Tables 4a and 4b provided below.

[0366] Table 4a:

[0367] Table 4b:

[0368] Composite materials IE1 to IE4 and CE1 to CE4 were prepared by melt blending the components shown in Tables 4a and 4b in a twin-screw extruder equipped with a soft mixing element at a temperature of 180 to 200°C.

[0369] The properties of the composite material are shown in Tables 5a and 5b. The polymer fraction of the composite material was analyzed using the CRYSTEX QC analysis described above, where the weight expressed as [wt%] is relative to the total weight of the polymer fraction of the composite material, or, where applicable, relative to the total weight of the soluble fraction (SF) and the crystalline fraction (CF), respectively.

[0370] Table 5a:

[0371] Table 5b:

[0372] * Relative to the total weight of the polymer portion of the composite material

[0373] ** Relative to the total weight of the corresponding grade

[0374] As can be seen from the data shown in Tables 5a and 5b, the composite materials IE1 to IE4 of the present invention provide a good balance between stiffness (flexural properties) and strength (tensile properties) on the one hand, and high impact strength (Charpy NIS) on the other. Their performance is comparable to that of the comparative materials CE1 to CE4, which do not contain post-consumer recycled PCR-PP1 or PCR-PP2. Therefore, composite materials IE1 to IE4 contain renewable wood fibers and recycled materials, while still achieving the desired performance, for example, for use in automotive structures.

Claims

1. A composite material that can be prepared by blending components (a) to (g) and optionally component (h): (a) 10.0 to 35.0% by weight of a first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) having a melt flow rate (MFR2) in the range of 60 to 200 g / 10 min as determined by ISO 1133 at 230 °C and 2.16 kg. (b) 5.0 to 25.0% by weight of a second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2), the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) having: - Melt flow rate (MFR2) measured according to ISO 1133 at 230 °C and 2.16 kg in the range of 4 to 30 g / 10 min, and - Soluble fraction (SF) determined by CRYSTEX QC analysis in the range of 17.0 to 40.0% by weight relative to the total weight of the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2). (c) 8.0 to 40.0% by weight of a mixed-plastic polypropylene blend, wherein the mixed-plastic polypropylene blend has a polypropylene content of at least 75% by weight, based on the total weight of the mixed-plastic polypropylene blend. (d) 8.0 to 18.0% by weight of a vinyl elastomer, said vinyl elastomer being a copolymer of ethylene and an α-olefin comonomer having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, and said vinyl elastomer having a content of 850 to 900 kg / m 3 Density within the range, (e) 5.0 to 30.0% by weight of cellulose-containing fibers, (f) 1.0 to 5.0% by weight of a compatibilizer, wherein the compatibilizer is a polar modified polypropylene or a polar modified elastomer. (g) 0.1 to 5.0% by weight of additives, (h) Optionally 0.1 to 15.0% by weight of high-density polyethylene, The weight of components (a) to (h) is defined relative to the total weight of the composite material.

2. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the composite material has one or two of the following properties, preferably two: - A melt flow rate (MFR2) measured according to ISO 1133 at 230°C and 2.16 kg, in the range of 8 to 80 g / 10 min, preferably in the range of 9 to 75 g / 10 min, more preferably in the range of 10 to 70 g / 10 min, and even more preferably in the range of 10 to 60 g / 10 min; and - Less than 1000 kg / m 3 And preferably between 900 and 990 kg / m 3 Density within the range.

3. The composite material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the composite material has the following properties: - A flexural modulus of at least 1100 MPa, preferably at least 1150 MPa, more preferably at least 1200 MPa, as determined according to ISO 178; and - At least 7.0 kJ / m 2 Preferably at least 8.5 kJ / m 2 More preferably at least 11.0 kJ / m 2 Charpy notched impact strength at 23°C, as determined according to ISO 179 1eA.

4. The composite material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composite material can be prepared by blending components (a) to (h): (a) 11.0 to 32.0% by weight, preferably 12.0 to 30.0% by weight, more preferably 13.0 to 29.0% by weight of the first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1). (b) 7.0 to 23.0% by weight, preferably 8.0 to 21.0% by weight, more preferably 9.0 to 20.0% by weight of the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2). (c) 10.0 to 37.0% by weight, preferably 12.0 to 35.0% by weight, more preferably 13.0 to 33.0% by weight of the aforementioned mixed-plastic polypropylene blend, (d) 9.0 to 17.0% by weight, preferably 10.0 to 16.0% by weight, more preferably 10.0 to 14.0% by weight of the vinyl elastomer, (e) 8.0 to 28.0% by weight, preferably 10.0 to 26.0% by weight, more preferably 12.0 to 22.0% by weight of the cellulose-containing fibers, (f) 1.0 to 5.0% by weight, preferably 1.5 to 4.5% by weight, more preferably 2.0 to 4.0% by weight of the compatibilizer, (g) 0.5 to 5.0% by weight, preferably 1.0 to 5.0% by weight, more preferably 2.0 to 5.0% by weight of the additive, (h) 1.0 to 15.0% by weight, preferably 2.0 to 12.0% by weight, more preferably 5.0 to 11.0% by weight of the high-density polyethylene, in, The aforementioned weight is relative to the total weight of the composite material, and optionally the sum of the aforementioned weights is at least 98.0% by weight, preferably at least 99.0% by weight, and more preferably 100.0% by weight.

5. The composite material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) has one or two of the following properties, preferably two: - The content of soluble fraction (SF) as determined by CRYSTEX QC analysis, relative to the total weight of the first multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1), in the range of 6.0 to 22.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 8.0 to 20.0% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 10.0 to 19.0% by weight; and - The intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) of the soluble fraction content as determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, in the range of 1.5 to 3.5 dL / g, preferably in the range of 1.7 to 3.3 dL / g, and more preferably in the range of 1.8 to 3.2 dL / g, is determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1.

6. The composite material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) has one or two of the following properties, preferably two: - Melt flow rate (MFR2) measured according to ISO 1133 at 230°C and 2.16 kg, in the range of 4 to 25 g / 10 min, preferably in the range of 4 to 20 g / 10 min, more preferably in the range of 5 to 15 g / 10 min; and - The intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) of the soluble fraction content as determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, in the range of 2.0 to 7.0 dL / g, preferably in the range of 2.5 to 6.8 dL / g, and more preferably in the range of 3.5 to 6.5 dL / g, is determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1.

7. The composite material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) has at least one of the following properties, preferably at least two, more preferably all of them: - The soluble fraction (SF) determined by CRYSTEX QC analysis relative to the total weight of the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) is in the range of 18.0 to 38.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 19.0 to 35.0% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 19.0 to 33.0% by weight. - Relative to the total weight of the soluble fraction (SF) of the second multiphase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2), the soluble fraction (SF) has a content in the range of 20.0 to 50.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 20.0 to 45.0% by weight, more preferably in the range of 21.0 to 40.0% by weight, obtained by quantitative analysis. 13 Ethylene content (C2(SF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy; and - The ratio of the intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) of the soluble fraction content analyzed according to CRYSTEX QC to the intrinsic viscosity (iV(CF)) of the crystalline fraction analyzed according to CRYSTEX QC, in the range of 1.2 to 6.0, preferably in the range of 1.5 to 5.0, and more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 4.0, wherein the intrinsic viscosity is determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1.

8. The composite material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the blend-plastic polypropylene blend has a limonene content of at least 0.10 ppm, preferably in the range of 0.10 to 25.0 ppm, as determined by solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME-GC-MS).

9. The composite material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the blended-plastic polypropylene blend has at least one, preferably at least two, more preferably at least three, or even more preferably all of the following properties: - Melt flow rate (MFR2) measured at 230 °C and 2.16 kg according to ISO 1133 in the range of 2 to 70 g / 10 min, preferably in the range of 5 to 40 g / 10 min, more preferably in the range of 8 to 35 g / 10 min. - The content of soluble fraction (SF) relative to the total weight of the mixed-plastic polypropylene blend is in the range of 4.0 to 16.0 wt%, preferably in the range of 6.0 to 14.0 wt%, more preferably in the range of 8.0 to 12.0 wt%, and the content of crystalline fraction (CF) relative to the total weight of the mixed-plastic polypropylene blend is in the range of 84.0 to 96.0 wt%, preferably in the range of 86.0 to 94.0 wt%, more preferably in the range of 88.0 to 92.0 wt%, both fractions being determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis; - Relative to the total weight of the crystalline fraction (CF) of the mixed-plastic polypropylene blend, the crystalline fraction (CF) has a content in the range of 1.0 to 12.0 wt%, preferably in the range of 1.5 to 10.0 wt%, more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 9.0 wt%, obtained by quantitative analysis. 13 Ethylene content (C2(CF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy; - The intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) of the soluble fraction as determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, in the range of 0.90 to 2.2 dL / g, preferably in the range of 1.1 to 2.1 dL / g, and more preferably in the range of 1.3 to 2.0 dL / g, according to CRYSTEX QC analysis; and - Based on the total weight of the mixed-plastic polypropylene blend, the polypropylene content is in the range of 80 to 99% by weight, preferably in the range of 83 to 96% by weight.

10. The composite material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the vinyl elastomer has a strength of 855 to 895 kg / m³. 3 Density within the range and melt flow rate (MFR2) measured according to ISO 1133 at 190 °C and 2.16 kg in the range of 0.5 to 30 g / 10 min.

11. The composite material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the vinyl elastomer is a copolymer of ethylene and an α-olefin comonomer having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, and preferably a copolymer of ethylene and 1-octene.

12. The composite material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the compatibilizer is a polar modified propylene homopolymer or copolymer, and optionally wherein the polar modified propylene homopolymer or copolymer is a propylene homopolymer or copolymer grafted with maleic anhydride and / or acrylic acid.

13. The composite material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cellulose-containing fiber has one or two of the following properties, preferably two: - Weight-based average fiber length in the range of 0.10 to 2.0 mm, preferably in the range of 0.15 to 1.50 mm, more preferably in the range of 0.30 to 1.20 mm; and - A weight-based average aspect ratio of at least 1.5, preferably at least 1.8, and more preferably at least 2.

2.

14. The composite material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the high-density polyethylene has a density of 945 to 965 kg / m³. 3 Density within the range, and optionally melt flow rate (MFR2) measured according to ISO 1133 at 190 °C and 2.16 kg in the range of 0.5 to 30 g / 10 min.

15. An injection-molded article comprising a composite material according to any one of the preceding claims, and preferably composed of a composite material according to any one of the preceding claims.

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