Multi-row potato ditching and seedling separating seeder

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-row potato ditching and seedling separating seeder, and relates to the technical field of agricultural appliances, the multi-row potato ditching and seedling separating seeder comprises a rack, a control system, a ditching assembly and a blanking assembly, the blanking assembly comprises a seedling box and a reducing mechanism, the bottom of the seedling box is provided with a plurality of through holes, and a first inductive sensor is arranged below the through holes; the diameter changing mechanism comprises a first driving part, a rotating ring, a fixing plate, a plurality of fixing parts and a plurality of diameter changing sliding blocks, openings are formed in the middle of the fixing plate and the middle of the rotating ring, each diameter changing sliding block is arranged in a sliding groove in the corresponding fixing block in a sliding mode, each diameter changing sliding block is provided with a fixing column, the fixing parts are fixedly connected with the rotating ring, and the rotating ring is fixedly connected with the fixing columns. A plurality of through grooves are formed in the fixing part, the fixing columns are arranged in the through grooves in a sliding mode, the output end of the first driving part is connected with the rotating ring, the first driving part can drive the rotating ring to rotate, and the rotating ring drives the variable-diameter sliding blocks to slide so as to change the space defined by the variable-diameter sliding blocks. Potato seed discharging control is accurate, the sowing effect is guaranteed, and waste is avoided.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of agricultural appliances, in particular to a multi-row potato ditching and seedling separating planter. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, most of the traditional potato planting relies on manual operation, and the ridges are lifted by manual labor, livestock or hand-held tractors, and then the potato seeds are planted by manual operation, which has high labor intensity, low work efficiency, high cost and long time consumption. The multi-row potato ditching and seedling separating planter on the market generally cannot accurately control the quantity of potato planting, which causes uneven potato planting and also wastes potato seeds. In order to control the quantity of potato planting, the current common method is to control the size of the discharge hole, and the size of the discharge hole is designed to be equal to the size of a potato seed, so that only one potato seed can be planted at a time. However, there is still a possibility that two potato seeds will fall into the discharge hole in the vertical direction at the same time, and the control is not accurate enough, which will still cause a certain waste. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a multi-row potato ditching and seedling separating planter to solve the above technical problems. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide a multi-row potato ditching and seedling separating planter to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, so as to accurately control the discharge of potato seeds, ensure the planting effect and avoid waste.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following solutions: The application provides a multi-row potato ditching and seedling separating seeding machine, which comprises a frame, a control system, a ditching assembly and a discharging assembly, the frame is provided with traveling wheels and is used for being connected with an agricultural implement, the ditching assembly is arranged on the frame and is used for ditching, and the discharging assembly comprises a seedling box and a diameter changing mechanism, a plurality of through holes are arranged at the bottom of the seedling box, a first sensing sensor is arranged below the through holes, the diameter changing mechanism comprises a first driving piece, a rotating ring, a fixed plate, a plurality of fixing pieces and a plurality of diameter changing sliding blocks, the first sensing sensor and the first driving piece are electrically connected with the control system, the rotating ring is sleeved outside the fixed plate, the middle parts of the fixed plate and the rotating ring are provided with openings, the openings are arranged in alignment with the through holes, the diameters of the openings are not less than the diameters of the through holes, a plurality of sliding grooves are arranged on the fixed plate, the number of the sliding grooves is the same as that of the diameter changing sliding blocks, each diameter changing sliding block is slidingly arranged in one sliding groove, and a fixed column is fixedly arranged on each diameter changing sliding block, the fixing pieces are fixedly connected with the rotating ring, a plurality of through grooves are arranged on the fixing pieces, the fixed columns are slidingly arranged in the through grooves, the output end of the first driving piece is connected with the rotating ring, the first driving piece can drive the rotating ring to rotate, and the rotating ring drives the diameter changing sliding blocks to slide, so that the enclosed spaces of the diameter changing sliding blocks are changed.

[0005] In some embodiments, the seedling separating device further comprises a driving assembly, a protective shell and a plurality of coaxially arranged seedling separating rotating blocks, at least one containing groove is arranged on the side of the seedling separating rotating block, the first sensing sensor is arranged in the containing groove, the seedling separating rotating block is arranged directly below the through hole, the protective shell covers the outside of the seedling separating rotating block and is fixedly connected with the seedling box, the driving assembly is fixedly arranged on the side of the frame, the rotating shaft of the driving assembly is fixedly connected with the central shaft of the seedling separating rotating block, and the driving assembly is used for driving the seedling separating rotating block to rotate.

[0006] In some embodiments, the ditching assembly comprises a telescopic device and a plurality of ditching blades, the telescopic device is fixedly arranged on the frame and can be telescoped along the height direction of the frame, and the telescoping end of the telescopic device is fixedly connected with the ditching blades.

[0007] In some embodiments, the seedling box comprises an inclined side plate and a horizontal bottom plate, the bottom plate is arranged below the inclined side plate and is fixedly connected.

[0008] In some embodiments, the flow control mechanism comprises a driving shaft and a driven shaft, the driving shaft and the driven shaft are arranged in parallel, the driving shaft and the driven shaft are arranged on both sides of the bottom of the seedling box along the length direction of the seedling box, and a plurality of convex strips and grooves are arranged on the driving shaft and the driven shaft in a staggered manner along the circumferential direction, the convex strips and the grooves extend along the length direction of the seedling box, the driving shaft is connected with a second driving member, the second driving member can drive the driving shaft to rotate around the axis of the driving shaft, and the driving shaft and the driven shaft are connected through a sprocket belt.

[0009] In some embodiments, a pressure sensor is arranged on the driving shaft or the driven shaft, and the outer rings of the driving shaft and the driven shaft are made of flexible material.

[0010] In some embodiments, the driving assembly comprises a driving motor, a driving gear, an idler gear and a driven gear, the gear shaft of the driving gear is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the driving motor, the gear shaft of the idler gear is rotatably connected to the frame, the driving gear is in meshing connection with the idler gear, and the gear shaft of the driven gear is fixedly connected with the central shaft of the seedling dividing rotating block, and the driven gear is in meshing connection with the idler gear.

[0011] In some embodiments, the seedling dividing rotating block is made of flexible material, and the protective shell is an arc-shaped protective shell.

[0012] In some embodiments, a speed sensor is further arranged, the wheel shaft of the walking wheel is fixedly connected with a shaft coupling, the wheel shaft of the walking wheel is rotatably connected to the frame through a bearing, the shaft coupling is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft of the speed sensor, and the shell of the speed sensor is fixedly arranged on the frame.

[0013] In some embodiments, a second induction sensor is further arranged, the second induction sensor is fixedly arranged on the frame and located below the protective shell, and the second induction sensor can sense whether the seedling dividing device successfully seeds.

[0014] The present application has the following technical effects relative to the prior art: The first driving member of the multi-row potato ditching and seedling separating seeding machine can drive the rotating ring to rotate, and the rotating ring drives the variable-diameter sliding block to slide to change the enclosed space of the plurality of variable-diameter sliding blocks. The first sensing sensor is electrically connected with the control system, the rotating ring is connected with the output end of the first driving member, the first driving member is preferably a motor, the first driving member is electrically connected with the control system, in the initial state, the control system outputs the first electrical signal to control the first driving member to output the first movement, the first driving member controls the rotating ring to rotate in the first direction and finally remains in the first state, in this state, the variable-diameter sliding plate is in the open state, the open hole is aligned with and communicated with the through hole, and the potato seeds can normally fall into the through hole, when the first sensing sensor senses that the potato seeds fall into the through hole, the signal is transmitted to the control system, after the control system receives the signal, the signal is output to the first driving member again, the first driving member is controlled to output the second movement, the second movement is opposite to the first movement, at this time, the first driving member outputs the movement opposite to the first movement, the rotating ring rotates in the second direction, the first direction is opposite to the second direction, and finally the variable-diameter sliding plate is finally closed, the enclosed area cannot make the potato seeds pass, so that only one potato seed falls into the through hole at the same time, seeding is performed, the potato seed unloading control is accurate, the seeding effect is guaranteed, and waste is avoided. The unloading process is automatically controlled by the control system, when the sensing sensor detects that the seeds fall into the through hole, the rotating direction of the variable-diameter gear can be automatically controlled, the opening and closing of the variable-diameter sliding plate are realized, manual intervention is reduced, the labor intensity is reduced, the seeding efficiency is improved, meanwhile, the seeding error caused by human factors is also reduced. Moreover, according to different seeding requirements, the action of the variable-diameter mechanism can be adjusted through the control system, the enclosed area of the variable-diameter sliding plate is changed, different sizes of potato seeds can be adapted to, the universality and adaptability of the seeding machine are improved, and the requirements of various planting conditions and planting varieties can be met. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0016] Figure 1 It is a first angle schematic view of the multi-row potato ditching and seedling separating seeding machine in some embodiments of the present application. Figure 2 It is a bottom view of the multi-row potato ditching and seedling separating seeding machine in some embodiments of the present application. Figure 3 It is a second angle schematic view of the multi-row potato ditching and seedling separating seeding machine in some embodiments of the present application. Figure 4Part structure schematic diagram of the potato row ditching seedling separating planter in some embodiments of the present application; Figure 5 Structure schematic diagram of the seedling separating rotating block in some embodiments of the present application; Figure 6 Structure schematic diagram of the ditching assembly in some embodiments of the present application; Figure 7 Structure schematic diagram of the flow control mechanism in some embodiments of the present application; Figure 8 Structure schematic diagram of the seedling box in some embodiments of the present application; Figure 9 Structure schematic diagram of the diameter changing mechanism in some embodiments of the present application.

[0017] In the figure: 1-walking wheel; 2-frame; 3-seedling box; 4-bearing; 5-coupling; 6-speed sensor; 7-distance sensor; 8-ditching blade; 9-telescopic device; 10-seedling separating rotating block; 11-holding groove; 12-passing hole; 13-driving motor; 14-driving gear; 15-idler gear; 16-driven gear; 17-second driving member; 18-driving shaft; 19-driven shaft; 20-eighth-shaped synchronous belt; 21-convex strip; 22-groove; 23-rotation ring; 24-fixing plate; 25-fixing member; 26-diameter changing sliding block; 27-sliding groove; 28-through groove; 29-fixing column. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0019] The present application aims to provide a potato row ditching seedling separating planter to solve the problems in the prior art, so as to control the potato seed discharge accurately, ensure the seeding effect and avoid waste.

[0020] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0021] As Figures 1-9As shown, the present application provides a multi-row potato ditching seedling separating seeder, comprising a frame 2, a control system, a ditching assembly and a feeding assembly, the frame 2 is provided with traveling wheels 1, the frame 2 is used for connecting with agricultural implements, the ditching assembly is arranged on the frame 2 and is used for ditching, the feeding assembly comprises a seedling box 3 and a variable-diameter mechanism, the bottom of the seedling box 3 is provided with a plurality of through holes 12, a first sensing sensor is arranged below the through holes 12, the variable-diameter mechanism comprises a first driving member, a rotating ring 23, a fixed plate 24, a plurality of fixing members 25 and a plurality of variable-diameter sliding blocks 26, the first sensing sensor and the first driving member are electrically connected with the control system, the rotating ring 23 is sleeved outside the fixed plate 24, the middle parts of the fixed plate 24 and the rotating ring 23 are provided with openings, the openings are arranged in alignment with the through holes 12, and the diameters of the openings are not less than the diameters of the through holes 12, a plurality of sliding grooves 27 are arranged on the fixed block, the number of the sliding grooves 27 is the same as the number of the variable-diameter sliding blocks 26, each variable-diameter sliding block 26 is slidingly arranged in one sliding groove 27, one fixed column 29 is fixedly arranged on each variable-diameter sliding block 26, the fixing members 25 are fixedly connected with the rotating ring 23, a plurality of through slots 28 are arranged on the fixing members 25, the fixed columns 29 are slidingly arranged in the through slots 28, the output end of the first driving member is connected with the rotating ring 23, the first driving member can drive the rotating ring 23 to rotate, the rotating ring 23 drives the variable-diameter sliding blocks 26 to slide to change the enclosed space of the plurality of variable-diameter sliding blocks 26. The first sensing sensor is electrically connected with the control system, the rotating ring is connected with the output end of the first driving member, the first driving member is preferably a motor, the first driving member is electrically connected with the control system, in the initial state, the control system outputs a first electrical signal to control the first driving member to output a first movement, the first driving member controls the rotating ring to rotate in a first direction and finally remains in a first state, in this state, the variable-diameter sliding plate is in an open state, the open hole is aligned with and communicates with the through hole 12, and the potato seeds can normally fall into the through hole 12, when the first sensing sensor senses that the potato seeds fall into the through hole 12, the signal is transmitted to the control system, after the control system receives the signal, the signal is output to the first driving member to control the first driving member to output a second movement, the second movement is opposite to the first movement, at this time, the first driving member outputs a movement opposite to the first movement, the rotating ring rotates in a second direction, the first direction is opposite to the second direction, and finally the variable-diameter sliding plate is finally closed, the enclosed area cannot make the potato seeds pass, so that only one potato seed falls into the through hole 12 at the same time to perform seeding, so that the potato seed feeding control is accurate, the seeding effect is guaranteed, and waste is avoided. The feeding process is automatically controlled by the control system, when the sensing sensor detects that the seeds fall into the through hole 12, the rotating direction of the variable-diameter gear can be automatically controlled to realize the opening and closing of the variable-diameter sliding plate, manual intervention is reduced, labor intensity is reduced, seeding efficiency is improved, and seeding errors caused by human factors are also reduced.Moreover, according to different seeding requirements, the action of the variable-diameter mechanism can be adjusted by the control system to change the enclosed area of the variable-diameter slide plate, so as to adapt to different sizes of potato seeds, improve the versatility and adaptability of the seeder, and meet the requirements of various planting conditions and planting varieties.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment, the variable-diameter mechanism further comprises a first gear, the outer periphery of the rotating ring is provided with a first gear ring, the gear shaft of the first gear is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the first driving member (motor), and the first gear is in meshing connection with the first gear ring, so that stable operation can be realized.

[0023] In some embodiments, the multi-row potato furrow-seeding and seedling separating seeder further comprises a seedling separating device, the seedling separating device comprises a driving assembly, a protective shell, and a plurality of coaxially arranged seedling separating rotating blocks 10, each seedling separating rotating block 10 corresponds to a through hole 12, at least one accommodating groove 11 is arranged on the side of the seedling separating rotating block 10, preferably five to six accommodating grooves 11 are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the seedling separating rotating block 10, a first induction sensor is arranged in the accommodating groove 11, the seedling separating rotating block 10 is arranged directly below the through hole 12, the protective shell covers the outside of the seedling separating rotating block 10 and is fixedly connected with the seedling box 3, the driving assembly is fixedly arranged on the side of the frame 2, the rotating shaft of the driving assembly is fixedly connected with the central shaft of the seedling separating rotating block 10, and the driving assembly is used to drive the seedling separating rotating block 10 to rotate. The seedling separating device forms independent seed temporary storage and conveying units through the combination of the plurality of coaxially arranged seedling separating rotating blocks 10 and the accommodating grooves 11 on the side. Each accommodating groove 11 can accurately receive a single potato seed falling from the through hole 12, and the seedling separating rotating block 10 is stably driven to rotate by the driving assembly, so that the seed can be conveyed to the lower seeding furrow at a fixed interval, and the problems of seed accumulation, missed seeding, or uneven spacing in traditional seeding can be avoided from the root. At the same time, the first induction sensor arranged in the accommodating groove 11 has two functions. Firstly, it can detect whether there is a seed in the groove in real time, and if an empty groove occurs, it can timely feedback to the control system, so as to facilitate subsequent seedling supplement or adjustment of the discharging rhythm, further ensure that the number of seedlings per mu meets the agronomic requirements, and lay a foundation for uniform growth of potatoes in the later period and improvement of yield. Secondly, after the potato seed falls into the accommodating groove 11, a signal is output to the control system, so that the control system outputs a signal to close the variable-diameter slide plate. Moreover, the closed structure of the protective shell can form a stable seed conveying channel, guide the seed to stably fall into the seeding furrow along a fixed track from the accommodating groove 11 under the driving of the seedling separating rotating block 10, and avoid damage of the seed due to collision or falling during the conveying process. Especially for potato seeds with relatively fragile skin, seed loss can be reduced to a certain extent, seed utilization rate can be improved, and planting cost can be reduced.

[0024] In some embodiments, the furrowing assembly comprises a plurality of furrowing blades 8 and a telescopic device 9 fixedly arranged on the frame 2 and capable of telescoping in the height direction of the frame 2, and the telescoping end of the telescopic device 9 is fixedly connected with the furrowing blades 8. The telescopic device 9 (such as an electric push rod or a hydraulic rod) realizes depth adjustment, and through the depth adjustment of the telescopic device 9, different planting modes such as shallow furrow dense planting and deep furrow sparse planting can be adapted, and even the sowing and furrowing requirements of other root crops (such as sweet potatoes and radishes) can be compatible, so that the application range of the seeding machine is wider, and the comprehensive utilization value of the equipment is improved.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment, the number of telescopic devices 9 and furrowing blades 8 is preferably the same, that is, each telescopic device 9 controls one furrowing blade 8, the telescopic device 9 is preferably an electric push rod, a distance sensor 7 is arranged near the furrowing blade 8 below the frame 2, the distance sensor 7 is electrically connected with the control system, and the electric push rod is also electrically connected with the control system. The distance sensor 7 can sense the height of the frame 2 to the ground and then transmit the signal to the control system, and the control system determines the movement of the electric push rod according to the height signal, controls the telescoping of the electric push rod, and further controls the furrowing depth of the furrowing blade 8. Each furrowing blade 8 corresponds to an independent electric push rod, and the furrowing depth adjustment is more flexible and accurate. In actual field operation, even if there is local height difference in the field (such as a small soil ridge or a shallow depression), the control system can adjust the telescoping amount of the corresponding electric push rod to accurately adapt to the local terrain: for example, when the ground of a certain ridge is convex, the corresponding electric push rod is shortened to reduce the depth of the furrowing blade 8; when the ground of a certain ridge is concave, the electric push rod is lengthened to increase the furrowing depth, avoiding the problem of over-deep or over-shallow furrows caused by uniform adjustment, ensuring that the furrowing depths of all seeding ridges are completely consistent, providing a basis for uniform seed placement and uniform soil thickness, and improving seeding quality and post-seeding uniformity. The distance sensor 7 below the frame 2, the control system, and the electric push rod form a fully automatic closed-loop control, which eliminates the dependence on manual operation and greatly improves the accuracy and stability of the furrowing depth. The distance sensor 7 can collect height data of the frame 2 to the ground in real time and transmit the signal to the control system in real time, and the control system automatically calculates the telescoping amount of each electric push rod through a preset height-depth corresponding algorithm and then sends an action instruction to the corresponding electric push rod. The whole process does not require manual observation or operation, not only avoiding the error of manual terrain judgment (such as the subtle slope that is difficult to detect with the naked eye), but also realizing on-the-go adjustment, even if the seeding machine moves on uneven land, the distance sensor 7 can update the data in milliseconds, and the electric push rod responds and adjusts synchronously, ensuring that the furrowing depth is always stable within the preset range, which is especially suitable for complex terrain operations such as hills and gentle slopes.

[0026] In some embodiments, the seedling box 3 comprises inclined side plates and a horizontal bottom plate arranged below and fixedly connected to the inclined side plates. Potato seeds (seed potatoes) are mostly irregular blocks. If the side plates of the seedling box 3 are vertically designed, the seeds are easy to accumulate in the corners or edges of the side plates, forming dead angles, resulting in no seed supplement above the through hole 12 and the problem of missing sowing. The inclined side plates can automatically guide the seeds to converge to the horizontal bottom plate in the center of the seedling box 3 by gravity. On the one hand, the inclined structure makes the seeds always maintain the tendency to flow to the middle of the bottom plate (the area where the through hole 12 is located), avoiding the long retention of the seeds at the root of the side plate and the corner of the seedling box 3. On the other hand, even if the seed inventory in the seedling box 3 is small, the inclined side plates can guide the remaining seeds to the through hole 12, ensuring that the seedling box 3 continuously obtains seed supply, reducing the interruption of sowing caused by seed accumulation blockage or material breakage, and ensuring the continuity of the whole machine operation. The inclined side plates and the horizontal bottom plate are connected in a smooth transition (such as a circular arc chamfer treatment). When the seeds slide from the side plates to the bottom plate, the movement trajectory is more gentle, avoiding the straight angle impact at the connection between the vertical side plates and the bottom plate. At the same time, the horizontal bottom plate provides a stable support surface for the seeds. When the seeds move on the bottom plate, they are only subject to their own gravity and slight friction, without the need to overcome vertical resistance, reducing the abrasion or impact damage of the seed skin, reducing the seed loss rate, improving the seed utilization rate, and indirectly reducing the planting cost.

[0027] In some embodiments, the potato multi-row ditching and seedling separating planter further comprises a flow control mechanism, the flow control mechanism comprising a driving shaft 18 and a driven shaft 19, the driving shaft 18 and the driven shaft 19 being arranged in parallel, the driving shaft 18 and the driven shaft 19 being arranged on both sides of the bottom of the seedling box 3 along the length direction of the seedling box 3, and the driving shaft 18 and the driven shaft 19 each being provided with a plurality of staggered protrusions 21 and grooves 22 along the circumferential direction, the protrusions 21 and the grooves 22 extending along the length direction of the seedling box 3, the driving shaft 18 being connected with the second driving member 17, the second driving member 17 being capable of driving the driving shaft 18 to rotate around the axis thereof, and the driving shaft 18 and the driven shaft 19 being connected through the eight-shaped synchronous belt 20. The amount of potato seeds in the seedling box 3 will affect the efficiency of the seedlings entering the hole, therefore, the flow control structure is added in the seedling box 3, when there are more potato seeds in the groove, the second driving member 17 drives the driving shaft 18 to move the driving shaft 18 to drive the driven shaft 19 to move in opposite directions through the eight-shaped synchronous belt 20, for example, the left shaft rotates counterclockwise and the right shaft rotates clockwise to transport the potato seeds outward, when the pressure is too small, the driving shaft 18 and the driven shaft 19 rotate in opposite directions, for example, the left shaft rotates clockwise and the right shaft rotates counterclockwise to transport the potato seeds inward. The flow control mechanism dynamically adjusts the seed flow direction to ensure that the seedling speed through the hole 12 is always almost consistent regardless of the amount of seeds in the seedling box 3: when the seeds are sufficient, the seeds are loosened to avoid the seedling speed being suddenly fast (multiple seeds falling together) due to congestion; when the seeds are reduced, the seeds are gathered to avoid the seedling speed being suddenly slow (missed planting holes) due to supply interruption. Uniform seedling efficiency, combined with the precise delivery of the seedling separating device, can ensure that each seed falls into the planting ditch at a fixed interval, making the potato plant distribution uniform in the field, avoiding nutrient competition due to local plant overpopulation, or reducing land utilization due to overpopulation.

[0028] In some embodiments, a pressure sensor is arranged on the driving shaft 18 or the driven shaft 19, and the outer rings of the driving shaft 18 and the driven shaft 19 are flexible materials, which can be rigid shafts with flexible silicone sleeves. The running state of the second driving member 17 is determined according to the monitoring signal size of the pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor and the second driving member 17 are electrically connected with the control system. The pressure sensor can monitor the pressure change between the shaft body and the potato seeds in real time (e.g., the pressure increases when the seeds are accumulated, and the pressure decreases when the seeds are sparse), and convert the pressure signal into an electrical signal and transmit it to the control system. The control system automatically determines the real-time state of the seeds in the seedling box 3 through the preset pressure threshold, and then accurately controls the running direction (opposite rotation for loosening / opposite rotation for gathering) and the rotating speed of the second driving member 17. The flexible silicone sleeve outside the rigid shaft has a dual role: on the one hand, the elastic deformation characteristics of the silicone sleeve can uniformly transmit the pressure of the seeds on the shaft body to the pressure sensor, avoiding the pressure signal fluctuation caused by local seed impact, and improving the detection accuracy; on the other hand, the silicone sleeve is soft and smooth in texture, which can reduce the rigid friction and collision between the shaft body and the seeds, effectively protect the surface of the potato seeds even when the double shafts rotate at high speed or the seed pressure is large, reduce the seed damage rate, and ensure the germination rate. At the same time, the flexible material can also adapt to different sizes of seeds, avoiding the pressure detection distortion caused by the size difference of the seeds.

[0029] In some embodiments, the driving assembly includes a driving motor 13, a driving gear 14, an idler gear 15, and a driven gear 16. The gear shaft of the driving gear 14 is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the driving motor 13, the gear shaft of the idler gear 15 is rotatably connected to the rack 2, the driving gear 14 is meshingly connected with the idler gear 15, and the gear shaft of the driven gear 16 is fixedly connected with the center shaft of the seedling dividing rotating block 10. The driven gear 16 is meshingly connected with the idler gear 15. The gear ratio of the driving gear 14, the idler gear 15, and the driven gear 16 is fixed, the rotating speed output by the driving motor 13 can be accurately transmitted to the driven gear 16 through the gear set, and then the seedling dividing rotating block 10 is driven to rotate at a constant speed, avoiding the speed fluctuation caused by the slip of the belt drive.

[0030] It should be noted that one set of driving assembly is arranged on each side of the seedling dividing rotating block 10, and the rotating speeds of the driving motors 13 in the two sets of driving assemblies are kept consistent. When driving on one side, only one end of the seedling dividing rotating block 10 is subjected to force, and long-term operation may cause the rotating shaft to bend due to single-end torque, or the shaft and the bearing to produce radial shaking, thereby causing speed fluctuation; while the double-side driving assembly synchronously inputs power from both ends of the rotating block (the rotating speeds of the two sets of driving motors 13 are consistent, and the rotating directions are the same), the torque is uniformly distributed on both sides of the rotating block, avoiding the shaft deformation or shaking caused by single-end force, so that the rotating block always maintains coaxial and uniform rotation without deviation, and has higher stability.

[0031] In some embodiments, the seed dividing rotating block 10 is made of flexible material such as rubber, silicone, etc., and the protective shell is preferably an arc-shaped protective shell. The inner wall of the arc-shaped protective shell is arc-shaped, and the distance between the inner wall of the arc-shaped protective shell and the outer wall of the seed dividing rotating block 10 is equal everywhere, ensuring stable transmission of potato seeds. When the seeds are rotated under the action of the containing groove 11, they always move smoothly along the inner wall of the arc-shaped protective shell and will not be blocked, avoiding both the friction and damage of the rotating block and the protective shell caused by too narrow gap and the leakage or deviation of the seed potatoes caused by too wide gap. The flexible material such as rubber and silicone has high elasticity and deformation ability. When the seed potatoes fall into the containing groove 11 of the seed dividing rotating block 10, the groove wall can adaptively deform according to the contour of the seed potatoes, forming a wrapping type receiving, avoiding the direct impact of the rigid groove body on the edges and corners of the seed potatoes. Even if the size of the seed potatoes is slightly larger than the design specification of the containing groove 11, the flexible material can also accommodate the seed potatoes by moderate stretching without the need for forced extrusion, avoiding damage to the skin of the potato seeds.

[0032] In some embodiments, the multi-row potato furrow dividing and seeding machine further comprises a speed sensor 6. The wheel shaft of the walking wheel 1 is fixedly connected with the shaft coupling 5, and the wheel shaft of the walking wheel 1 is rotatably connected with the frame 2 through the bearing 4. The shaft coupling 5 is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft of the speed sensor 6, and the housing of the speed sensor 6 is fixedly arranged on the frame 2. The walking wheel directly contacts with the ground, and the rotating speed of the wheel shaft is completely proportional to the actual walking speed of the seeding machine. The wheel shaft and the rotating shaft of the speed sensor 6 are fixedly connected through the shaft coupling 5, so that the sensor can directly collect the rotating speed of the wheel shaft without passing through intermediate transmission components such as belts and gears, avoiding the speed data distortion caused by the slipping and wear of the intermediate links, and making the walking speed detection more accurate. Moreover, the speed sensor 6 is electrically connected with the control system. After the control system presets the target plant spacing, the required rotating speed of the seed dividing rotating block 10 can be automatically calculated according to the real-time data of the speed sensor 6, and the double-sided driving assembly is instructed to adjust the rotating speed synchronously. In addition to the seed dividing link, the speed data can also be linked with the variable diameter mechanism of the discharging assembly (adjusting the seed falling frequency) and the electric push rod of the furrowing assembly (dynamically adjusting the furrowing depth to avoid too shallow furrowing caused by too fast speed).

[0033] In some embodiments, the multi-row potato trenching and seedling separating planter further comprises a second sensing sensor fixedly arranged on the frame 2 and located below the protective shell, which can sense whether the seedling separating device successfully plants seeds. When the accommodating groove 11 of the seedling separating device moves to the planting drop point below the protective shell with the rotating block, if the seeds successfully fall into the planting trench, the second sensing sensor (such as an infrared sensor or a photoelectric sensor) will detect the signal (such as blocking infrared light or changing reflected light intensity) of the falling seeds; if no signal is detected (such as empty groove of the accommodating groove 11 or seeds stuck in the protective shell), it is immediately determined as missed planting, and the signal is synchronously transmitted to the control system. If missed planting occurs, the cause can be investigated through the signal linkage of the sensor and other components: if the first sensing sensor (seedling box 3 passing through hole 12) detects the falling of seeds, but the second sensing sensor does not detect it, it indicates that the fault is in the seedling separating device (such as seeds stuck in the protective shell or the seedling separating rotating block 10 not transported normally); if the first sensing sensor does not detect the seeds, and the second sensing sensor has no signal, the fault is in the discharging assembly (such as the diameter changing mechanism not opened or the seedling box 3 lacking seeds), so the fault can be quickly investigated.

[0034] Specifically, the working process of the multi-row potato trenching and seedling separating planter is as follows: before the potato trenching and seedling separating, the frame 2 is hung at the front of the tractor, and the tractor provides power to drive the entire device to travel in the field; during the traveling process, the distance sensor 7 detects the distance from the frame 2 to the soil, and controls the electric push rod to extend or retract according to the set target trenching depth, thereby driving the trenching blade 8 to move and realizing real-time automatic control of the trenching depth; the traveling wheel 1 rotates as the device advances, the speed sensor 6 identifies the rotating speed of the traveling wheel 1 through the coupling 5 and transmits the speed signal to the control system, the control system calculates and controls the rotating speed of the driving motor 13 in real time according to the set target plant spacing, the rotating shaft driving gear 14 of the driving motor 13 rotates, the driving gear 14 drives the driven gear 16 to rotate through the idler 15, and in the rotating process of the seedling separating rotating block 10, the control system controls the rotating shaft of the first driving member to rotate, drives the rotating ring to rotate through the first gear, and the diameter changing slide plate slides with the rotation of the rotating ring, so that the size of the hole enclosed by the diameter changing slide plate changes to the size that can make a potato seed fall down, the potato seed falls into the accommodating groove 11 of the seedling separating rotating block 10 through the hole 12, the first sensing sensor senses the passing of the potato seed and transmits a signal to the control system, and when the first sensing sensor senses that a potato seed falls into the accommodating groove 11, it transmits a signal to the control system, the control system controls the rotating shaft of the first driving member to reverse, closes the hole enclosed by the diameter changing slide plate, and prevents more potato seeds from falling down to cause over-planting; the protective shell protects the potato seed from falling down before it rotates to the designated position, and the second sensing sensor senses whether the potato seed falls at the drop position to complete planting, thereby realizing stepless and accurate control of plant spacing during planting, which is completely not limited by the circumference of the traveling wheel 1.

[0035] The principles and implementation manners of the present application are described by using specific examples in the present application, and the above examples are only used for helping to understand the method of the present application and its core idea; meanwhile, for the general technical personnel in the art, according to the idea of the present application, the specific implementation manners and application ranges will be changed. In conclusion, the content of the present specification should not be understood as the limitation of the present application.

Claims

1. A multi-row potato row-ditch dibble and thinning planter characterized by: The utility model provides a kind of agricultural seeding machine, including rack, control system, ditching component and blanking component, the rack has walking wheel, the rack is used to connect with agricultural implement, the ditching component is arranged on the rack, for ditching, the blanking component includes seedling box and variable-diameter mechanism, the seedling box bottom is provided with multiple through holes, the first inductive sensor is arranged below the through hole, the variable-diameter mechanism includes first driving piece, rotating ring, fixed plate, multiple fixed pieces and multiple variable-diameter sliders, the first inductive sensor and the first driving piece are electric signal connection with the control system, the rotating ring is sleeved outside the fixed plate, the fixed plate and the rotating ring are provided with opening in the middle portion, the opening is aligned with the through hole, and the diameter of the opening is not less than the diameter of the through hole, the fixed block is provided with multiple grooves, the number of the groove is same with the number of the variable-diameter slider, each variable-diameter slider is slidably arranged in one groove, a fixed column is fixedly arranged on each variable-diameter slider, the fixed piece is fixedly connected with the rotating ring, and the fixed piece is provided with multiple through grooves, the fixed column is slidably arranged in the through groove, the output end of the first driving piece is connected with the rotating ring, the first driving piece can drive the rotating ring to rotate, the rotating ring drives the variable-diameter slider to slide, to change the enclosed space of multiple variable-diameter sliders.

2. The multi-row potato row-ditching thinning planter of claim 1, wherein: Also including seedling separating device, the seedling separating device includes driving assembly, sheath and multiple coaxially arranged seedling separating rotating blocks, the side of the seedling separating rotating block is provided with at least one accommodating groove, the first inductive sensor is arranged in the accommodating groove, the seedling separating rotating block is arranged directly below the through hole, the sheath covers the outside of the seedling separating rotating block, and is fixedly connected with the seedling box, the driving assembly is fixedly arranged on the side of the rack, the rotating shaft of the driving assembly is fixedly connected with the central shaft of the seedling separating rotating block, and the driving assembly is used to drive the seedling separating rotating block to rotate.

3. The multi-row potato row-ditching thinning planter of claim 1, wherein: The ditching component includes telescopic device and multiple ditching blades, the telescopic device is fixedly arranged on the rack and can be telescopic along the height direction of the rack, and the telescopic end of the telescopic device is fixedly connected with the ditching blade.

4. The multi-row potato row-ditching thinning planter of claim 1, wherein: The seedling box includes inclined side plate and horizontal bottom plate, and the bottom plate is arranged below the inclined side plate and is fixedly connected.

5. The multi-row potato row-ditching thinning planter of claim 1, wherein: Also including flow control mechanism, the flow control mechanism includes driving shaft and driven shaft, the driving shaft and the driven shaft are arranged in parallel, the driving shaft and the driven shaft are arranged on both sides of the seedling box bottom along the length direction of the seedling box, and multiple staggered convex strips and grooves are arranged on the driving shaft and the driven shaft along the circumferential direction, the convex strip and the groove extend along the length direction of the seedling box, the driving shaft is connected with the second driving piece, the second driving piece can drive the driving shaft to rotate around its axis, and the driving shaft and the driven shaft are connected through eight-shaped synchronous belt.

6. The multi-row potato row-ditch dibble-and-thin planter of claim 5, wherein: The pressure sensor is arranged on the driving shaft or the driven shaft, and the outer ring of the driving shaft and the driven shaft is of flexible material.

7. The multi-row potato row-ditching thinning planter of claim 2, wherein: The driving assembly comprises a driving motor, a driving gear, an idler gear and a driven gear, the gear shaft of the driving gear is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the driving motor, the gear shaft of the idler gear is rotatably connected to the frame, the driving gear is in meshing connection with the idler gear, the gear shaft of the driven gear is fixedly connected with the central shaft of the seedling separating rotating block, and the driven gear is in meshing connection with the idler gear.

8. The multi-row potato row-ditching thinning planter of claim 2, wherein: The seedling separating rotating block is made of flexible material, and the protective shell is an arc-shaped protective shell.

9. The multi-row potato row-ditching thinning planter of claim 1, wherein: A speed sensor is further arranged, the wheel shaft of the walking wheel is fixedly connected with a shaft coupling, the wheel shaft of the walking wheel is rotatably connected to the frame through a bearing, the shaft coupling is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft of the speed sensor, and the shell of the speed sensor is fixedly arranged on the frame.

10. The multi-row potato row-ditching thinning planter of claim 2, wherein: A second induction sensor is further arranged, the second induction sensor is fixedly arranged on the frame and located below the protective shell, and can sense whether the seedling separating device is successfully sowed.

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