Photovoltaic module fine disassembly and recycling device and method based on carbon footprint accounting

Abstract

The application discloses a photovoltaic module fine disassembly and recycling device and method based on carbon footprint accounting in the technical field of photovoltaic modules. The device comprises an adsorption conveying belt for conveying photovoltaic modules to be disassembled. The adsorption conveying belt is provided with a heating assembly, at least one first adsorption assembly and a second adsorption assembly in sequence along the conveying direction of the photovoltaic modules. The heating assembly is used for softening the EVA layer of the photovoltaic module to reduce the interlayer adhesion. The first adsorption assembly is used for adsorbing small-size glass fragments. The second adsorption assembly is used for adsorbing large-size glass pieces. A crushed material collecting box matched with the first adsorption assembly and a glass conveying belt matched with the second adsorption assembly are arranged above the adsorption conveying belt. The device realizes fine, low-damage disassembly of the photovoltaic module and efficient classification and recycling of the glass material through heating and softening and hierarchical adsorption, improves the glass recycling rate, avoids secondary damage of the battery piece and significantly improves the high-value utilization level of the recycled material.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic modules, in particular to a photovoltaic module fine disassembly and recycling device and method based on carbon footprint accounting. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the widespread application of photovoltaic power generation, a large number of photovoltaic modules enter the retirement period, and their recycling and resource utilization become an important part of green circular economy. Photovoltaic modules are mainly composed of glass, EVA adhesive film, cell pieces, back plate and other multi-layer composite materials, among which the glass accounts for more than 70%, and has high recycling value. However, due to the excellent bonding performance of EVA adhesive film, especially after long-term outdoor operation, cross-linking aging occurs, resulting in a significant increase in the bonding strength between the glass and the cell layer, making it difficult to achieve efficient and low-damage peeling.

[0003] At present, the mainstream photovoltaic module recycling methods mainly include mechanical crushing method, pyrolysis method and chemical dissolution method. The mechanical crushing method crushes the module as a whole through impact, rolling and other methods, although the processing efficiency is high, but the glass is crushed into small particles, which is difficult to realize high-value recycling; the pyrolysis method separates the materials by decomposing the EVA adhesive film at high temperature, but the energy consumption is high, which can cause glass deformation or cell metal evaporation, and there is a risk of secondary pollution; the chemical method uses organic solvents to dissolve EVA, which has the problems of solvent recovery difficulty, high environmental pressure, etc.

[0004] In the aspect of automatic disassembly equipment, the prior art attempts to use a vacuum suction device to collect the crushed glass, but mostly uses a whole negative pressure suction design, the suction structure is single, and it is difficult to distinguish between small size glass fragments and large size glass pieces, resulting in mixed recycling materials, incomplete glass separation and recycling, and affecting the subsequent resource utilization path; and in the case that the EVA is not effectively weakened, the glass is directly peeled off by using vertical suction method, which is easy to cause glass breakage or cell layer tearing due to high bonding strength, reducing the material integrity.

[0005] Therefore, a photovoltaic module fine disassembly and recycling device and method based on carbon footprint accounting are provided to solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a photovoltaic module fine disassembly and recycling device and method based on carbon footprint accounting, which solves the problem that the existing disassembly and suction device mostly uses a whole suction design, cannot distinguish between different size glass pieces, and causes mixed recycling materials and incomplete glass separation and recycling.

[0007] The present application achieves the above-mentioned purposes through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A photovoltaic module fine disassembly and recycling device based on carbon footprint accounting, comprising an adsorption conveying belt for conveying photovoltaic modules to be disassembled, a heating assembly, at least one first adsorption assembly and a second adsorption assembly are sequentially arranged on the adsorption conveying belt along the conveying direction of the photovoltaic modules;

[0009] The heating assembly is used to soften the EVA layer of the photovoltaic module to reduce the interlayer adhesion, the first adsorption assembly is used to adsorb small-size glass fragments, and the second adsorption assembly is used to adsorb large-size glass pieces.

[0010] The upper side of the adsorption conveying belt is provided with a scrap collecting box matched with the first adsorption assembly and a glass conveying belt matched with the second adsorption assembly.

[0011] The first adsorption assembly comprises a support, a roller rotatably arranged in the support, a plurality of adsorption blocks arranged on the outer wall of the roller at equal intervals along the axial direction of the roller, and a second driving member for driving the support to ascend and descend.

[0012] The device further comprises a carbon footprint accounting system for accounting the net carbon emissions of the heating assembly, the first adsorption assembly and the second adsorption assembly to adjust the operating parameters of each assembly.

[0013] As a further optimization scheme of the present application, the adsorption conveying belt is fixedly provided with a mounting rack, and the heating assembly, the first adsorption assembly and the scrap collecting box are mounted on the mounting rack.

[0014] As a further optimization scheme of the present application, the heating assembly comprises a mounting plate, a heating block arranged at the bottom of the mounting plate and a plurality of laser emitters, and a first driving member for driving the mounting plate to ascend and descend.

[0015] As a further optimization scheme of the present application, the first adsorption assembly further comprises a turnover unit for driving the roller to rotate during the lifting process to place the small-size glass fragments into the scrap collecting box.

[0016] As a further optimization scheme of the present application, the center position of the roller is provided with a center hole, and the axial outer wall of the center hole is provided with a plurality of through holes corresponding to the positions of the adsorption blocks and communicating with the center hole; the adsorption blocks are slidingly arranged in the through holes, and one end of each adsorption block towards the center hole is provided with a spring; the center hole is provided with a pulse unit for intermittently impacting the adsorption blocks to apply vibration to the small-size glass fragments.

[0017] As a further optimization scheme of the present application, the pulse unit comprises an air pipe rotatingly arranged in the center hole, and the axial outer wall of the air pipe is provided with a plurality of air outlet holes corresponding to the through holes one by one; the end of the air pipe is fixedly sleeved with a second gear, one side of the second gear is provided with a second rack engaged with the second gear, and the end of the second rack is provided with a third driving member for driving the movement of the second rack; the second rack and the third driving member are both mounted on the roller.

[0018] As a further optimization scheme of the present application, the second adsorption assembly comprises a lifting frame, an adsorption plate horizontally slidingly arranged in the lifting frame, and a fourth driving member for driving the horizontal movement of the adsorption plate; a slide rod is fixedly arranged on the lifting frame and penetrates through the top of the adsorption plate, the fourth driving member is fixedly arranged on the lifting frame, and the bottom of the adsorption plate is provided with a plurality of suction cups; the second adsorption assembly further comprises a fifth driving member for driving the lifting of the lifting frame, a gantry for mounting the fifth driving member, and a translation mechanism for driving the horizontal movement of the gantry to place the large-size glass sheet on the glass conveying belt, and the translation mechanism is arranged on the rack of the adsorption conveying belt.

[0019] As a further optimization scheme of the present application, the carbon footprint accounting system comprises a data acquisition unit, an accounting calculation unit and a feedback control unit; the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring energy consumption parameters and weight parameters, the energy consumption parameters include real-time energy consumption data of the heating assembly, the first adsorption assembly and the second adsorption assembly, and the weight parameters include weight data of the small-size glass fragments and weight data of the large-size glass sheet; the accounting calculation unit is used for substituting the parameters acquired by the data acquisition unit into a preset formula to calculate the net carbon emissions of each component; and the feedback control unit is used for adjusting the operating parameters of each component based on the net carbon emissions obtained by the accounting calculation unit to reduce the carbon emissions of high-carbon links.

[0020] The present application also provides a photovoltaic module fine disassembly and recycling method based on carbon footprint accounting, comprising the following steps:

[0021] S1, the photovoltaic module to be disassembled is conveyed to below the heating assembly by the adsorption conveying belt, and the EVA layer is softened by the heating assembly to reduce the interlayer adhesion;

[0022] S2, the photovoltaic module after the heating treatment is conveyed to below the first adsorption assembly by the adsorption conveying belt, the adsorption conveying belt fixes the photovoltaic module by negative pressure adsorption, and the first adsorption assembly adsorbs small-size glass fragments through the adsorption blocks on the outer wall of the roller and places the small-size glass fragments into the crushed material collecting box;

[0023] S3, the photovoltaic module after the small-size glass fragments are removed is conveyed to below the second adsorption assembly by the adsorption conveying belt, the second adsorption assembly adsorbs the remaining large-size glass pieces and places the large-size glass pieces on the glass conveying belt, and the fine disassembly and recovery of the glass in the photovoltaic module are completed.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present application are that:

[0025] 1, the present application realizes the fine, low-damage disassembly and efficient classification recovery of the glass material of the photovoltaic module by heating softening and hierarchical adsorption, improves the glass recovery rate, and the intact rate of the large-size glass is better, avoids the secondary damage of the battery piece, significantly improves the high-value utilization level of the recovered material, simultaneously introduces the carbon footprint accounting system, collects the energy consumption and material data in real time, dynamically optimizes the operation parameters, realizes the greenization and intelligent control of the recovery process.

[0026] 2, the present application actively loosens the fragment layer before adsorption, effectively breaks the mechanical engagement, friction locking and residual EVA formed adhesion between the small-size glass fragments, realizes the fine disassembly process of loosening first and then adsorbing, improves the recovery rate and integrity of the small-size glass, solves the problem that the interlocking force between the blocks is formed due to the stacking, extrusion and EVA residual glue adhesion between the small-size glass fragments after the photovoltaic module is broken, and the fragments are difficult to peel off or adsorb incompletely.

[0027] 3, when the second adsorption assembly of the present application peels off, horizontal shear stress is generated at the interface between the glass and the EVA layer, the adhesive bond between the EVA and the glass is effectively destroyed, and then the large-size glass piece is integrally peeled off from the residual assembly, since the interface has been weakened in advance by shearing, the required peeling force is significantly reduced, and the glass is prevented from being broken or the equipment from being overloaded due to direct vertical adsorption peeling. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0029] Figure 2 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0030] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the heating assembly structure of the present application;

[0031] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the first adsorption assembly structure of the present application;

[0032] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the drum of the application;

[0033] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second adsorption assembly of the application.

[0034] In the figure:

[0035] 1, adsorption conveying belt; 101, mounting frame; 102, heat preservation cover; 2, heating assembly; 201, mounting plate; 202, laser emitter; 203, heating block; 204, first driving member; 3, first adsorption assembly; 301, support; 302, drum; 302a, center hole; 302b, through hole; 303, adsorption block; 304, second driving member; 305, first gear; 306, first rack; 307, spring; 308, adsorption pipe; 309, air pipe; 309a, air outlet hole; 309b, second gear; 309c, second rack; 309d, third driving member; 4, second adsorption assembly; 401, adsorption plate; 402, suction cup; 403, lifting frame; 404, sliding rod; 405, fourth driving member; 406, fifth driving member; 407, gantry frame; 408, translation mechanism; 5, broken material collection box; 501, elastic scraper; 6, glass conveying belt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following detailed description of the application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is necessary to point out here that the following detailed description is only used to further illustrate the application, can not be understood as limiting the scope of the application, the skilled person can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the application based on the above application.

[0037] Example one

[0038] In order to solve the problem that the existing disassembly and adsorption device adopts integral adsorption design, which cannot distinguish different size glass pieces, leading to mixed recycling materials, and the glass separation and recycling is not thorough enough, please refer to Figures 1-5 The application provides a photovoltaic module fine disassembly and recycling device based on carbon footprint accounting, which comprises an adsorption conveying belt 1 used for conveying photovoltaic modules to be disassembled, and a heating assembly 2, at least one first adsorption assembly 3 and a second adsorption assembly 4 are sequentially arranged on the adsorption conveying belt 1 along the conveying direction of the photovoltaic modules.

[0039] The heating assembly 2 is used for softening the EVA layer of the photovoltaic module to reduce the interlayer adhesion, the first adsorption assembly 3 is used for adsorbing small size glass fragments (such as area less than 0.01m 2 ), and the second adsorption assembly 4 is used for adsorbing large size glass pieces (such as area greater than 0.01m 2), the upper side of the adsorption conveying belt 1 is provided with a scrap collecting box 5 matched with the first adsorption assembly 3 and a glass conveying belt 6 matched with the second adsorption assembly 4.

[0040] The mounting rack 101 is fixed on the adsorption conveying belt 1, and the heating assembly 2, the first adsorption assembly 3 and the scrap collecting box 5 are mounted on the mounting rack 101. The heat preservation cover 102 is also fixed on the adsorption conveying belt 1, and the heating assembly 2, the first adsorption assembly 3 and the second adsorption assembly 4 are covered by the heat preservation cover 102 to form a closed heat preservation area, so as to slow down the cooling speed of EVA and ensure that the first adsorption assembly 3 and the second adsorption assembly 4 have enough time to disassemble the glass.

[0041] The heating assembly 2 comprises a mounting plate 201, a plurality of laser emitters 202 and a plurality of heating blocks 203 arranged at the bottom of the mounting plate 201, and a first driving member 204 for driving the mounting plate 201 to ascend and descend. The heating blocks 203 are arranged in a multi-section split structure and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the laser emitters 202. The heating blocks 203 can be any one of the following forms, such as ceramic heating plate, cast aluminum heating block, flexible electrothermal film, etc. The heating assembly 2 is lowered to a preset height by the first driving member 204, and the laser emitters 202 and the multi-section heating blocks 203 on both sides cooperate to realize composite softening of the EVA layer of the photovoltaic module by laser precise heating and heat conduction of the heating blocks. Specifically, in the working process, the two heating blocks 203 first preheat the glass edge and the main bonding area of the EVA of the photovoltaic module, heat the EVA layer to 90-120℃, and make it change from glass state to viscoelastic state, thereby significantly reducing the interfacial bonding strength between the EVA layer and the glass layer. At the same time of heating by the heating blocks 203, the plurality of laser emitters 202 are started to emit CO2 laser beams with a wavelength of 10.6μm, thereby further reducing the peeling force. The design of the multi-section heating blocks 203 makes them suitable for use in photovoltaic modules of different specifications, thereby improving the versatility of the equipment.

[0042] The first adsorption assembly 3 comprises a support 301, a roller 302 rotatably arranged in the support 301, a plurality of adsorption blocks 303 arranged on the outer wall of the roller 302 at equal intervals along the axial direction of the roller 302, and a second driving member 304 for driving the support 301 to ascend and descend.

[0043] The first adsorption assembly 3 further comprises a turnover unit for driving the roller 302 to rotate during the ascending and descending process of the roller 302 to place small-size glass fragments into the scrap collecting box 5. The turnover unit comprises a first gear 305 fixedly sleeved on the roller 302 and a first rack 306 fixedly arranged on the mounting rack 101, and the first rack 306 is engaged with the first gear 305. The scrap collecting box 5 is provided with an elastic scraper 501 abutting against the surface of the roller 302, which is used to assist in unloading.

[0044] A plurality of adsorption pipes 308 are arranged in the roller 302, and each adsorption pipe 308 is in communication with an external negative pressure adsorption device; a plurality of adsorption blocks 303 are divided into a plurality of groups along the axial direction of the roller 302, each group of adsorption blocks 303 is in communication with a corresponding adsorption pipe 308, the partitioned control of the vacuum adsorption area is realized, the vacuum leakage caused by the fact that part of the area is not covered by glass is avoided, and the overall adsorption efficiency and stability of the system are improved.

[0045] In use, the photovoltaic module to be disassembled is conveyed to below the heating assembly 2 by the adsorption conveying belt 1, and the EVA layer is uniformly heated; then the photovoltaic module is conveyed to below the first adsorption assembly 3 by the adsorption conveying belt 1, the support 301 is lowered, the roller 302 contacts the surface of the photovoltaic module, the adsorption blocks 303 start vacuum adsorption, and the small-size glass fragments that have been broken are adsorbed one by one or in batches; then the second driving member 304 drives the support 301 to rise, the roller 302 rotates under the action of the first rack 306, the small-size glass fragments that have been adsorbed are transferred to above the scrap collecting box 5, and after the vacuum is closed, the small-size glass fragments fall into the scrap collecting box 5; then the photovoltaic module is conveyed to below the second adsorption assembly 4 by the adsorption conveying belt 1, and the remaining large-size glass pieces are adsorbed; then the whole is lifted, the large-size glass pieces are moved to the glass conveying belt 6, and enter a subsequent processing procedure.

[0046] The device also comprises a carbon footprint accounting system for accounting for the net carbon emissions of the heating assembly 2, the first adsorption assembly 3 and the second adsorption assembly 4, so as to adjust the operating parameters of each assembly, realize low-carbon control and optimization of the disassembly process, and the carbon footprint accounting system comprises a data acquisition unit, an accounting calculation unit and a feedback control unit; the data acquisition unit is used to acquire energy consumption parameters and weight parameters, the energy consumption parameters include real-time energy consumption data of the heating assembly 2, the first adsorption assembly 3 and the second adsorption assembly 4, which are obtained through an electric energy meter or a power sensor, and the weight parameters include weight data of the small-size glass fragments and weight data of the large-size glass pieces, which are obtained through the weighing sensors arranged on the scrap collecting box 5 and the glass conveying belt 6; the accounting calculation unit is used to input the parameters acquired by the data acquisition unit into a preset formula, and calculate the net carbon emissions of each assembly; and the feedback control unit is used to adjust the operating parameters of each assembly based on the net carbon emissions obtained by the accounting calculation unit, so as to reduce the carbon emissions of high-carbon links.

[0047] When the carbon footprint is accounted for:

[0048] a. Calculate the basic carbon emissions of each link, Cbasic=E×EF;

[0049] Wherein, Cbasic is the basic carbon emissions, E is the energy consumption of the link, and EF is the carbon emission factor of the corresponding regional power grid, which can be obtained according to the “China Regional Power Grid Baseline Emission Factor”;

[0050] b、Calculate the recycled carbon emission reduction of the first adsorption assembly 3 and the second adsorption assembly 4 to recover the material, and the glass as a recyclable material can replace virgin glass production by recycling, reducing the carbon emission in the virgin glass production process, and C emission reduction = m x k;

[0051] Wherein: C emission reduction is the recycled carbon emission reduction, m is the recycled weight, and k is the recycling emission reduction coefficient. For the large-size glass sheet recovered by the second adsorption assembly 4, since it can be directly reused by cleaning and edge polishing without remelting, the emission reduction efficiency of replacing virgin glass production is high, so the recycling emission reduction coefficient is basically the same as the carbon emission coefficient of virgin glass production, generally 0.8tCO2e / t. For the small-size glass fragments recovered by the first adsorption assembly 3, since it needs to be sorted, crushed and remelted into glass raw materials, the melting process needs to consume additional energy, so the recycling emission reduction coefficient (i.e. the carbon emission of the virgin glass production carbon emission coefficient minus the carbon emission corresponding to the energy consumption of the fragment remelting) is less than the carbon emission coefficient of virgin glass production, generally 0.65tCO2e / t;

[0052] c、Calculate the net carbon emission of each assembly, C net = C base - C emission reduction;

[0053] Wherein, the heating assembly 2 only generates the basic carbon emission, and is not directly related to the recycled material, so C emission reduction = 0, and C net = C base;

[0054] d、Sum the net carbon emissions of each assembly to obtain the total carbon emission of the system for this disassembly operation, and calculate the proportion of the net carbon emission of each assembly in the total carbon emission to identify the high-carbon link. The feedback control unit automatically adjusts the operating parameters of the assembly based on the above accounting results combined with the disassembly process requirements such as EVA softening effect and glass recovery rate, to balance the reduction of carbon emission and the guarantee of disassembly effect. For example, if the carbon emission proportion of the heating assembly 2 is too high, the heating temperature or the heating time is appropriately reduced under the premise of ensuring the effective softening of EVA, if the carbon emission proportion of the first adsorption assembly 3 is too high, the pulse vibration frequency is optimized, the working quantity of the first adsorption assembly 3 is optimized, and if the carbon emission proportion of the second adsorption assembly 4 is too high, the adsorption pressure is optimized.

[0055] The application also provides a photovoltaic module fine disassembly and recycling method based on carbon footprint accounting, comprising the following steps:

[0056] S1, the photovoltaic module to be disassembled is conveyed to below the heating assembly 2 by the adsorption conveying belt 1, and the EVA layer is softened by the heating assembly 2 to reduce the interlayer adhesion;

[0057] S2, the photovoltaic module after the heating treatment is conveyed to below the first adsorption assembly 3 by the adsorption conveying belt 1, the adsorption conveying belt 1 fixes the photovoltaic module through negative pressure adsorption, the first adsorption assembly 3 adsorbs small-size glass fragments through the adsorption blocks 303 of the outer wall of the roller 302 and places the small-size glass fragments into the scrap collecting box 5;

[0058] S3, the photovoltaic module after the small-size glass fragments are removed is conveyed to below the second adsorption assembly 4 by the adsorption conveying belt 1, the second adsorption assembly 4 adsorbs the remaining large-size glass pieces and places the large-size glass pieces on the glass conveying belt 6, and the fine disassembly and recycling of the glass in the photovoltaic module are completed;

[0059] In the steps S1-S3, the energy consumption parameters and the weight parameters of each link are synchronously collected, the carbon emission is calculated through the carbon footprint accounting system, and the operation parameters such as the heating temperature and the adsorption force are dynamically adjusted based on the data, so that the carbon emission is reduced to the maximum extent.

[0060] Embodiment two

[0061] On the basis of the embodiment one, in order to solve the problem that the cohesive force blocks formed by the mutual stacking, jamming or adhesion of the small-size glass fragments are difficult to peel off efficiently, like Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the central position of the roller 302 is provided with a central hole 302a, the axial outer wall of the roller 302 is provided with a plurality of through holes 302b, each through hole 302b is positionally matched with a corresponding adsorption block 303 and is communicated with the central hole 302a; the adsorption block 303 is slidably arranged in the through hole 302b, and one end of the adsorption block 303 towards the central hole 302a is provided with a spring 307; the central hole 302a is provided with a pulse unit for intermittently impacting the adsorption block 303 to apply vibration to the small-size glass fragments.

[0062] The pulse unit comprises a wind pipe 309 rotatably arranged in the central hole 302a, the axial outer wall of the wind pipe 309 is provided with a plurality of air outlet holes 309a corresponding to the through holes 302b one by one; the end of the wind pipe 309 is fixedly sleeved with a second gear 309b, one side of the second gear 309b is provided with a second rack 309c engaged with the second gear 309b, the end of the second rack 309c is provided with a third driving member 309d for driving the second rack 309c to move, and the second rack 309c and the third driving member 309d are both mounted on the roller 302.

[0063] When the photovoltaic module to be disassembled is conveyed below the first adsorption assembly 3, the second driving member 304 drives the support 301 to descend, so that the roller 302 lightly presses the surface of the photovoltaic module. While the adsorption action is performed, the third driving member 309d drives the second rack 309c to reciprocate, drives the second gear 309b to rotate, and then drives the air pipe 309 to reciprocate in the central hole 302a. The air outlet hole 309a on the outer wall of the air pipe 309 is periodically aligned with the through hole 302b on the roller 302, so that the compressed gas is intermittently sprayed into the through hole 302b and impacts the inner end of the adsorption block 303. The adsorption block 303 reciprocates and retracts along the through hole 302b under the action of the airflow impact and the spring 307 reset, forms high-frequency micro-vibration, and the reciprocating motion is transmitted to the broken glass layer through the contact between the adsorption block 303 and the small-size glass fragments, drives the local glass area to produce micro-vibration, effectively destroys the mechanical engagement, friction locking and adhesion force formed by the residual EVA between the small-size glass fragments, promotes the overall loosening and mutual separation of the originally tightly stacked fragment layer, forms a loose and block-by-block adsorption distribution state, and ensures that the subsequent adsorption assembly can completely remove most of the small-size glass fragments; and the pre-loosening process not only significantly improves the adsorption integrity rate of the small-size glass fragments, but also helps to weaken the interfacial bonding strength between the large-size glass sheet and the EVA layer, thereby creating favorable conditions for subsequent complete peeling.

[0064] Example Three

[0065] On the basis of the first embodiment and the second embodiment, in order to improve the safety, integrity and energy efficiency of the disassembly process, avoid the problem of glass breaking or equipment overload caused by direct vertical adsorption and peeling, as shown in Figure 6 The second adsorption assembly 4 includes a lifting frame 403, an adsorption plate 401 horizontally slidingly arranged in the lifting frame 403, and a fourth driving member 405 for driving the adsorption plate 401 to horizontally move; the lifting frame 403 is fixedly provided with a sliding rod 404 penetrating through the top of the adsorption plate 401, the fourth driving member 405 is fixedly arranged on the lifting frame 403, and the bottom of the adsorption plate 401 is provided with a plurality of suction cups 402; the second adsorption assembly 4 further includes a fifth driving member 406 for driving the lifting frame 403 to lift, a gantry 407 for mounting the fifth driving member 406, and a translation mechanism 408 for driving the gantry 407 to horizontally move so as to place the large-size glass sheet on the glass conveying belt 6, and the translation mechanism 408 is arranged on the rack of the adsorption conveying belt 1.

[0066] When the photovoltaic module with small size glass fragments removed is transported under the second suction module 4, the control system drives the fifth driving member 406 to drive the lifting frame 403 to move downward in vertical direction, so that the suction plate 401 at the bottom of the lifting frame 403 presses the surface of the large size glass plate and is adsorbed, and the suction conveyor belt 1 adsorbs the residual photovoltaic module, then the fourth driving member 405 drives the suction plate 401 to move horizontally along the slide rod 404, at the same time, the suction conveyor belt 1 keeps or reverses the horizontal movement under the action of the conveying power, the movement directions of the two are opposite, relative sliding is formed, horizontal shear stress is generated at the interface between the glass and the EVA layer, the adhesive key between the EVA and the glass is effectively destroyed, the interface is pre-weakened, after the shear weakening is completed, the fifth driving member 406 drives the lifting frame 403 to move upward, the large size glass plate is peeled off from the residual module as a whole, since the interface has been pre-weakened by the shear, the required peeling force is significantly reduced, glass breakage or cell layer tearing is avoided, after the peeling is completed, the gantry 407 is driven by the translation mechanism 408 to move horizontally, the large size glass plate is transferred to above the glass conveyor belt 6, the vacuum is released to release the glass, and the transfer is completed.

[0067] The above embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, the description is more specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as the limitation of the patent scope of the present application. It should be noted that for ordinary skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, several modifications and improvements can be made, which belong to the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A refined dismantling and recycling device for photovoltaic modules based on carbon footprint accounting, comprising an adsorption conveyor belt (1) for conveying photovoltaic modules to be dismantled, characterized in that: The adsorption conveyor belt (1) is provided with a heating component (2), at least one first adsorption component (3) and a second adsorption component (4) in sequence along the photovoltaic module conveying direction. The heating component (2) is used to soften the EVA layer of the photovoltaic module to reduce the interlayer adhesion force. The first adsorption component (3) is used to adsorb small broken glass fragments. The second adsorption component (4) is used to adsorb large glass sheets. Above the adsorption conveyor belt (1) is a fragment collection box (5) that cooperates with the first adsorption component (3) and a glass conveyor belt (6) that cooperates with the second adsorption component (4). The first adsorption component (3) includes a support (301), a roller (302) rotatably disposed in the support (301), a plurality of adsorption blocks (303) evenly spaced on the outer wall of the roller (302) along the axial direction, and a second driving component (304) for driving the support (301) to rise and fall. The first adsorption assembly (3) also includes a flipping unit for driving the roller (302) to rotate during the lifting process to place small glass fragments into the fragment collection box (5); The flipping unit includes a first gear (305) fixedly sleeved on the drum (302) and a first rack (306) fixedly mounted on the mounting frame (101). The first rack (306) meshes with the first gear (305). The scrap collection box (5) is provided with an elastic scraper (501) that abuts against the surface of the drum (302). The drum (302) is provided with a plurality of adsorption tubes (308), each of the adsorption tubes (308) being connected to an external negative pressure adsorption device. The plurality of adsorption blocks (303) are divided into multiple groups along the axial direction of the drum (302), and each group of adsorption blocks (303) is connected to the corresponding adsorption tube (308). The roller (302) has a central hole (302a) at its center and a plurality of through holes (302b) on its axial outer wall. Each through hole (302b) is adapted to the position of the corresponding adsorption block (303) and communicates with the central hole (302a). The adsorption block (303) is slidably disposed in the through hole (302b), and a spring (307) is provided at one end of it facing the central hole (302a). The central hole (302a) is provided with a pulse unit for intermittently impacting the adsorption block (303) to apply vibration to small glass fragments; The pulse unit includes a duct (309) rotatably disposed in the central hole (302a), and the axial outer wall of the duct (309) is provided with a plurality of air outlet holes (309a) corresponding one-to-one with the through hole (302b). The end of the air duct (309) is fixedly fitted with a second gear (309b), and a second rack (309c) meshing with the second gear (309b) is provided on one side. The end of the second rack (309c) is provided with a third driving member (309d) for driving its movement. The second rack (309c) and the third driving member (309d) are both mounted on the roller (302). The device also includes a carbon footprint accounting system for calculating the net carbon emissions of the heating component (2), the first adsorption component (3) and the second adsorption component (4) in order to adjust the operating parameters of each component.

2. The photovoltaic module refined dismantling and recycling device based on carbon footprint accounting according to claim 1, characterized in that, An installation frame (101) is fixedly provided on the adsorption conveyor belt (1), and the heating component (2), the first adsorption component (3) and the scrap collection box (5) are all installed on the installation frame (101); The adsorption conveyor belt (1) is also fixedly provided with a heat insulation cover (102), which covers the heating component (2), the first adsorption component (3) and the second adsorption component (4) to form a closed heat insulation area.

3. The photovoltaic module refined dismantling and recycling device based on carbon footprint accounting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating assembly (2) includes a mounting plate (201), a heating block (203) disposed at the bottom of the mounting plate (201), a plurality of laser emitters (202), and a first driving member (204) for driving the mounting plate (201) to rise and fall. The heating block (203) is a multi-segment split structure, and there are two of them, which are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the laser emitter (202).

4. The photovoltaic module refined dismantling and recycling device based on carbon footprint accounting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second adsorption component (4) includes a lifting frame (403), an adsorption plate (401) that is horizontally slidably disposed in the lifting frame (403), and a fourth driving member (405) for driving the adsorption plate (401) to move horizontally. The lifting frame (403) is fixedly provided with a sliding rod (404) that moves through the top of the adsorption plate (401), the fourth driving component (405) is fixedly provided on the lifting frame (403), and the bottom of the adsorption plate (401) is provided with multiple suction cups (402). The second adsorption assembly (4) further includes a fifth drive (406) for driving the lifting frame (403) to lift, a gantry (407) for mounting the fifth drive (406), and a translation mechanism (408) for driving the gantry (407) to move horizontally to place large-sized glass sheets onto the glass conveyor belt (6), the translation mechanism (408) being disposed on the frame of the adsorption conveyor belt (1).

5. The photovoltaic module refined dismantling and recycling device based on carbon footprint accounting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon footprint accounting system includes a data acquisition unit, an accounting calculation unit, and a feedback control unit; The data acquisition unit is used to collect energy consumption parameters and weight parameters. The energy consumption parameters include real-time energy consumption data of the heating component (2), the first adsorption component (3) and the second adsorption component (4). The weight parameters include weight data of small glass fragments and weight data of large glass sheets. The calculation unit is used to substitute the parameters obtained by the data acquisition unit into a preset formula to calculate the net carbon emissions of each component. The feedback control unit is used to adjust the operating parameters of each component based on the net carbon emissions obtained by the accounting unit, so as to reduce carbon emissions in high-carbon processes.

6. A method for refined dismantling and recycling of photovoltaic modules based on carbon footprint accounting, comprising a refined dismantling and recycling device for photovoltaic modules based on carbon footprint accounting as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The photovoltaic module to be disassembled is transported to the underside of the heating module (2) by the adsorption conveyor belt (1). The heating module (2) softens the EVA layer to reduce the interlayer adhesion. S2. The photovoltaic module after heat treatment is transported by the adsorption conveyor belt (1) to the bottom of the first adsorption component (3). The adsorption conveyor belt (1) fixes the photovoltaic module by negative pressure adsorption. The first adsorption component (3) adsorbs small glass fragments by the adsorption block (303) on the outer wall of the roller (302) and puts the small glass fragments into the fragment collection box (5). S3. The photovoltaic module with small glass fragments removed is transported by the adsorption conveyor belt (1) to the bottom of the second adsorption component (4). The second adsorption component (4) adsorbs the remaining large glass pieces and places them on the glass conveyor belt (6), thus completing the fine dismantling and recycling of the glass in the photovoltaic module.

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