A method for integrated mine and ecological restoration using specific microbial communities

Abstract

The application discloses a method for mine and ecological integrated repair by using specific microbial community, which comprises the following steps: step one, directional construction of microbial community; step two, preparation of repair substrate; step three, construction of ternary interaction system; and step four, dynamic monitoring and regulation. Through the synergistic effect of the composite microbial community, the soil pH regulation period is effectively shortened, and the bioavailability of heavy metals is simultaneously reduced. Through the ternary interaction of microorganisms, plants and substrates, the vegetation coverage and organic matter content of the repair area are improved, a stable and balanced ecological system is formed, the frequency of manual intervention is reduced through the dynamic regulation system, the degree of intelligence is high, the integrated repair cost is greatly reduced, the method has the characteristics of high efficiency, sustainability and intelligence, and is suitable for ecological repair of various mine wastelands.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mine ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a method for mine and ecological integrated restoration by using specific microbial community. BACKGROUND

[0002] China has a long history of mineral resources development, and a large number of abandoned mines are left behind, facing problems such as soil heavy metal pollution, structure damage, vegetation degradation, and loss of ecosystem function, etc., and the traditional restoration technology has certain limitations.

[0003] Firstly, the traditional restoration technology focuses on soil improvement or plant planting, and does not consider the effective connection of the material cycle among microorganisms, plants and animals, resulting in a fragile ecological system in the restoration area, which is difficult to maintain good ecological balance for a long time. At present, when using microbial restoration, a single heavy metal resistant strain is usually used for restoration, but the mine environment is complex, and a single strain is difficult to adapt to the changing mine environment, resulting in low restoration efficiency. Moreover, due to the large fluctuation of the mine environment, the existing restoration technology lacks real-time monitoring and control, and has poor dynamic adaptability. Therefore, the present application proposes a method for mine and ecological integrated restoration by using specific microbial community to solve the problems existing in the prior art. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present application aims to provide a method for mine and ecological integrated restoration by using specific microbial community. The method for mine and ecological integrated restoration by using specific microbial community realizes the multiple goals of mine soil improvement, vegetation reconstruction and ecosystem function recovery through microbial community functional complementation, microbial-substrate-plant ternary interaction, and in-situ heavy metal transformation and fixation.

[0005] To achieve the purpose of the present application, the present application realizes the following technical scheme: a method for mine and ecological integrated restoration by using specific microbial community, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step one, directional construction of microbial community, according to the type of mine, pollution characteristics and restoration stage, a composite microbial community containing core functional flora and auxiliary functional flora is screened and constructed, and a composite microbial inoculant is prepared;

[0007] Step two, preparation of restoration substrate, a three-layer gradient substrate composed of bottom layer, middle layer and surface layer is prepared, each layer is laid according to the thickness ratio of 3:4:3, and the composite microbial inoculant is applied for composite microbial colony inoculation;

[0008] Step three, construction of ternary interaction system, configure the suitable plant community on the hierarchical substrate and plant, form a material circulation closed loop through the synergistic effect of plant root exudates and microbial metabolites, and complete the construction of the interaction system.

[0009] Step 4: Dynamic monitoring and control. Deploy an IoT monitoring system in the mine to collect data on soil, microorganisms and plant indicators, and then dynamically adjust the remediation parameters through AI algorithm analysis to carry out dynamic remediation.

[0010] Further improvements are made in the following aspects: the mine types in step one include metallic and non-metallic mines, the pollution characteristics include heavy metal types, pH value and organic matter content, and the remediation stages include initial stabilization, intermediate ecological reconstruction and late-stage functional enhancement.

[0011] A further improvement is that: in step one, the compound microbial agent is prepared by mixing core functional bacteria and auxiliary functional bacteria in a volume ratio of 2-3:1. The core functional bacteria are acid-resistant and heavy metal-resistant Bacillus strains and Pseudomonas strains, as well as functional strains that produce extracellular polymers; the auxiliary functional bacteria are phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and cellulase-producing bacteria.

[0012] A further improvement is that the total viable count of the core functional microbial community is (1-5) × 10⁻⁶. 9 The CFU / mL composition contains 30-50% Bacillus strains, 20-30% Pseudomonas strains, and 20-30% extracellular polymeric functional strains; the total viable count of the auxiliary functional flora is (2-5) × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL, containing 40-60% phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, 20-30% nitrogen-fixing bacteria and 20-30% cellulase-producing bacteria.

[0013] The further improvement lies in the following: In step two, the bottom layer of the three-layer gradient matrix is ​​made of a mixture of 85-90% slag with a particle size of 2-5mm, 5-10% quicklime, and 3-5% biochar; the middle layer is made of a mixture of mining solid waste that has been composted for 3 months and inoculated with auxiliary functional microorganisms; and the top layer is made of a mixture of 60-80% in-situ topsoil and 20-40% peat soil, with a moisture content of 20-30%.

[0014] A further improvement is made in the following: the suitable plant community in step three includes both metallic mineral plants and non-metallic mineral plants. The metallic mineral plants include hyperaccumulating plants and nitrogen-fixing shrubs, while the non-metallic mineral plants include nutrient-poor-tolerant herbs and legumes. The hyperaccumulating plants are one or more of *Sedum morganianum*, *Sedum aizoon*, and *Sedum lineare*, with a planting density of 10-20 plants / m². 2 The nitrogen-fixing shrubs are one or more of the following: *Sophora japonica*, *Robinia pseudoacacia*, and *Hippophae rhamnoides*, with a planting row spacing of 2.5m × 2.5m. The nutrient-poor-tolerant herbs are one or more of the following: *Bahia somalia* and *Bermudagrass*, with a planting density of 30-50 plants / m². 2 The legume plant is one or both of alfalfa and astragalus, and the planting row spacing is 1.5m × 1.5m.

[0015] Further improvement lies in that the construction of the ternary interaction system in step three specifically comprises:

[0016] S1, before planting, the plant is treated by root immersion with a complex microbial agent bacterial suspension with a concentration of (1-3) x 10 9 CFU / mL for 20-40 min, and then planted;

[0017] S2, after planting, the plant is sprayed once every 15-30 days with a complex microbial agent bacterial suspension with a concentration of (2-5) x 10 8 CFU / mL to maintain the rhizosphere microbial activity;

[0018] S3, after harvesting the above-ground part of the hyperaccumulator, the harvested part is mixed with the surface soil at a ratio of 1:3-5 to form a compost, and the compost is laid after 30 days of composting to repeat the planting.

[0019] Further improvement lies in that the Internet of Things detection system in step four comprises a sensor network, a data transmission module and a master control module, the sensor network is loaded with a pH sensor, a conductivity sensor, a heavy metal ion selective electrode, a microbial ATP bioluminescence sensor and a plant chlorophyll SPAD sensor to detect mine environment data, the data transmission module is wirelessly transmitted to the master control module through LoRa / NB-IoT, and the master control module establishes a repair effect prediction model based on a machine learning algorithm, and automatically outputs a control instruction when the monitoring data deviates from a target threshold.

[0020] Further improvement lies in that the dynamic repair strategy in step four comprises adding 0.1-0.5% sodium bicarbonate solution through a drip irrigation system to trigger the alkali production of Bacillus strains to adjust the pH value when the soil pH is less than 5, increasing the irrigation frequency of the hyperaccumulator to promote the root system to secrete organic acids to dissolve heavy metals when the effective concentration of heavy metals exceeds the standard, and starting secondary inoculation of auxiliary functional flora to fix atmospheric nitrogen to supplement the soil nitrogen source when the plant SPAD value detected by the Internet of Things detection system is less than 30.

[0021]

[0022] The present application has the advantages that the present application shortens the pH adjustment period of the soil through the synergistic effect of the complex microbial community, simultaneously reduces the bioavailability of heavy metals, improves the vegetation coverage and the organic matter content in the repair area through the ternary interaction of microorganisms-plant-substrate to form a stable and balanced ecological system, reduces the frequency of manual intervention through the dynamic control system, has high intelligence, greatly reduces the integrated repair cost, has the characteristics of high efficiency, sustainability and intelligence, and is suitable for ecological repair of various mine wastelands. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 The present application has the advantages that the present application shortens the pH adjustment period of the soil through the synergistic effect of the complex microbial community, simultaneously reduces the bioavailability of heavy metals, improves the vegetation coverage and the organic matter content in the repair area through the ternary interaction of microorganisms-plant-substrate to form a stable and balanced ecological system, reduces the frequency of manual intervention through the dynamic control system, has high intelligence, greatly reduces the integrated repair cost, has the characteristics of high efficiency, sustainability and intelligence, and is suitable for ecological repair of various mine wastelands.​ Detailed Implementation

[0024] To enhance understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. These embodiments are only used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] All the fungi used in the invention were obtained through direct purchase. Among them, the Bacillus strain was Bacillus subtilis, which was purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with the accession number CGMCC 1.1086.

[0026] The Pseudomonas strain was *Pseudomonas putida*, purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), with accession number CGMCC 1.1819.

[0027] The functional strain that produces extracellular polymers is *Arthrobacter spheroidae*, purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), with accession number CGMCC 1.1894.

[0028] The phosphate-solubilizing bacterium was Penicillium oxalate, purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with accession number CGMCC 3.1024;

[0029] The nitrogen-fixing bacteria was *Azotobacter chrysoprase*, purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with accession number CGMCC 1.16846;

[0030] The cellulase-producing bacterium was *Cellulosum faecalis*, purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC) with accession number CGMCC 1.1900.

[0031] according to Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for integrated mine and ecological restoration using specific microbial communities, including the following steps:

[0032] Step 1: Targeted construction of microbial communities. Based on the mine type, pollution characteristics and remediation stage, a composite microbial community containing core functional bacteria and auxiliary functional bacteria is screened and constructed, and a composite microbial agent is prepared.

[0033] Mining types include metallic and non-metallic mines; pollution characteristics include heavy metal types, pH values, and organic matter content; remediation stages include initial stabilization, intermediate ecological reconstruction, and late-stage functional enhancement.

[0034] The composite microbial agent is prepared by mixing core functional flora and auxiliary functional flora at a volume ratio of 2-3:1. The core functional flora is acid-resistant and heavy metal-resistant Bacillus strains and Pseudomonas strains, and functional strains producing extracellular polymers. The auxiliary functional flora is phosphorus-dissolving bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and cellulase-producing bacteria.

[0035] The total viable count of the core functional flora is (1-5) x 10 9 CFU / mL, including 30-50% of Bacillus strains, 20-30% of Pseudomonas strains, and 20-30% of functional strains producing extracellular polymers. The total viable count of the auxiliary functional flora is (2-5) x 10 8 CFU / mL, including 40-60% of phosphorus-dissolving bacteria, 20-30% of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and 20-30% of cellulase-producing bacteria.

[0036] The EPS (polysaccharides, proteins) secreted by the functional strains producing extracellular polymers can form stable complexes with heavy metals, reducing the bioavailability of heavy metals.

[0037] The phosphorus-dissolving bacteria are used to activate soil-insoluble phosphorus. The nitrogen-fixing bacteria are used to fix atmospheric nitrogen into plant-available ammonia nitrogen. The cellulase-producing bacteria are used to decompose cellulose organic matter in slag, improving soil structure.

[0038] Step two, preparation of the remediation matrix, a three-layer gradient matrix composed of a bottom layer, a middle layer, and a surface layer is prepared. Each layer is laid according to a thickness ratio of 3:4:3 and is inoculated with a composite microbial agent for composite microbial colonization. The bottom layer is a modified slag layer with a thickness of 10-20 cm. The middle layer is an organic matrix layer with a thickness of 15-25 cm. The surface layer is a topsoil layer with a thickness of 5-10 cm.

[0039] The bottom layer is prepared by mixing 85-90% slag with a particle size of 2-5 mm, 5-10% quicklime, and 3-5% biochar. The slag can be sulfide slag or iron slag. The pH value of the quicklime is adjusted to 6-7. The biochar is used to load the core functional flora. The middle layer is prepared by mixing mine solid waste that has been composted for three months with inoculated auxiliary functional flora. The mine solid waste can be coal gangue or tailings. The composted manure has a C / N ratio of 20-30:1. The inoculation amount of the auxiliary functional flora is (1-3) x 10 7 CFU / g of compost. The surface layer is prepared by mixing 60-80% in-situ topsoil with 20-40% grass charcoal soil. The water content is 20-30%.

[0040] Step three, construction of a ternary interaction system, configure a suitable plant community on the hierarchical matrix and plant it. Through the synergistic effect of plant root exudates and microbial metabolites, a material circulation closed loop is formed, and the construction of the interaction system is completed.

[0041] The suitable plant community includes metal mine plants and non-metal mine plants, the metal mine plants include super-hyperaccumulator plants and nitrogen-fixing shrubs, and the non-metal mine plants include drought-tolerant herbs and legume plants;

[0042] The super-hyperaccumulator plants are one or more of Pteris spp., Sedum alfredii and Sedum plumbizincicola, and the planting density is 10-20 plants / m 2 The nitrogen-fixing shrubs are one or more of Ruelia elegans, Robinia pseudoacacia and Hippophae rhamnoides, and the planting row spacing is 2.5 m x 2.5 m, the drought-tolerant herbs are one or both of Axonopus affinis and Cynodon dactylon, and the planting density is 30-50 plants / m 2 The legume plants are one or both of Medicago polymorpha and Astragalus membranaceus, and the planting row spacing is 1.5 m x 1.5 m;

[0043] The construction of the ternary interaction system specifically includes:

[0044] S1, before planting, the roots are treated with a complex microbial agent bacterial suspension with a concentration of (1-3) x 10 9 CFU / mL for 20-40 min to promote rhizosphere microbial colonization, and then planting;

[0045] S2, after planting, spraying a complex microbial agent bacterial suspension with a concentration of (2-5) x 10 8 CFU / mL every 15-30 days to maintain rhizosphere microbial activity;

[0046] S3, after the above-ground part of the super-hyperaccumulator plant is harvested, it is mixed with the surface soil at a ratio of 1:3-5 to compost, and after 30 days of composting, it is laid and repeatedly planted to realize the circulation of "above-ground removal-underground return" of heavy metals.

[0047] Step four, dynamic monitoring and control, deploying an Internet of Things detection system on the mine, collecting soil, microbial and plant index data, and dynamically adjusting the repair parameters for dynamic repair after AI algorithm analysis;

[0048] The Internet of Things detection system includes a sensor network, a data transmission module and a master control module, the sensor network carries a pH sensor, a conductivity sensor, a heavy metal ion selective electrode, a microbial ATP bioluminescence sensor and a plant chlorophyll SPAD sensor to detect mine environment data, and the arrangement standard is one sensor network monitoring node per 100-200 m 2 The data transmission module transmits data to the master control module through LoRa / NB-IoT wireless transmission, and the master control module establishes a repair effect prediction model based on machine learning algorithms such as random forest and LSTM, and automatically outputs control instructions when the monitoring data deviates from the target threshold;

[0049] The dynamic remediation strategy includes: when soil pH < 5, adding 0.1-0.5% sodium bicarbonate solution to the drip irrigation system to trigger alkali production regulation by Bacillus strains, with concentration gradients of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%, and testing the optimal dosage at 3-day intervals; when the effective concentration of heavy metals exceeds the standard, such as Pb > 50 mg / kg, increasing the irrigation frequency of hyperaccumulating plants from once every 10 days to once every 5 days to promote the secretion of organic acids such as citric acid and malic acid by the roots to dissolve heavy metals; when the IoT detection system detects that the plant SPAD value < 30, indicating a nitrogen deficiency state, initiating a secondary inoculation of auxiliary functional bacteria, with an inoculation amount of 50% of the initial amount, to supplement soil nitrogen source by fixing atmospheric nitrogen through nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] This embodiment provides a method for integrated ecological restoration of metal sulfide mining waste sites using specific microbial communities, taking lead-zinc mines as an example, including the following:

[0052] Step 1: Mine Environment Survey

[0053] Select an area of ​​5000m² 2 Soil parameters tested at an abandoned lead-zinc mine were as follows: pH 3.2, conductivity 8.5 mS / cm, available Pb 120 mg / kg (exceeding the standard), available Cd 25 mg / kg (exceeding the standard), organic matter content 0.8%, and microbial biomass 50 ng / g.

[0054] Step 2: Directed Construction of Microbial Communities

[0055] Screening of core microbial communities: Isolation of acid-resistant and Pb-resistant microorganisms from mining area soils 2+ The strains were identified as Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas putida by 16S rRNA sequencing.

[0056] Assisted in microbial screening: phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were isolated from humus in the mining area as Penicillium oxalate and nitrogen-fixing bacteria as Azotobacter chrysotile;

[0057] Community blending: Through 96-well plate co-culture experiments, the optimal volume ratio of Bacillus subtilis: Pseudomonas putida: Penicillium oxalate: Azotobacter chrysophyte was determined to be 3:2:1:1. After blending, the survival time of the bacterial community in the simulated mining area soil was extended to 28 days.

[0058] Step 3: Preparation of the repair matrix

[0059] The bottom layer is 15cm thick and consists of 90% slag with a particle size of 2-5mm, with 7% quicklime added to adjust the pH to 6.5 and 3% biochar added. It can support B-12 bacteria and has an adsorption capacity of 120mg Pb / g biochar.

[0060] Middle layer thickness 20 cm, coal gangue compost maturity 3 months, C / N = 25:1, inoculation concentration 1 x 10 8 CFU / g of Penicillium oxalicum and 5 x 10 7 CFU / g of Azotobacter chroococcum;

[0061] Surface layer thickness 5 cm, 30% grass charcoal soil mixed with in-situ topsoil, water retention rate increased by 40%.

[0062] Step four, construction of ternary interaction system

[0063] Super-enrichment plants use Pteris vittata mixed with Sedum alfredii, Pteris vittata density 10 plants / m 2 , Sedum alfredii density 15 plants / m 2 ;

[0064] Nitrogen-fixing shrubs use Amorpha fruticosa intercropped with Robinia pseudoacacia, planting row spacing 2.5 m x 2.5 m;

[0065] Before planting, root immersion for 30 minutes with a complex microbial population at a concentration of 1 x 10 9 CFU / mL to promote rhizosphere colonization.

[0066] Step five, dynamic monitoring and control

[0067] Deploy sensor network: 1 node per 140 m 2 Real-time collection of soil pH, EC, Pb / Cd concentration, microbial ATP, and plant SPAD value;

[0068] When the soil pH is monitored to be < 5, add 0.5% sodium bicarbonate solution through the drip irrigation system to activate Bacillus subtilis alkaline production;

[0069] At the 3rd month, the aboveground Pb content of Sedum alfredii was detected to be 8000 mg / kg, with a super-enrichment coefficient > 80, after harvesting, composting and mixing with surface soil at a ratio of 1:5, heavy metal removal was achieved.

[0070] After 1 year of repair, the soil pH was detected to be stable at 6.0-6.5, the available Pb was reduced to 35 mg / kg within the standard range, the vegetation coverage was 82%, the soil organic matter was increased to 3.2%, and the microbial ATP content was significantly improved to 200 ng / g compared to before repair.

[0071] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present application. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and the above-mentioned embodiments and descriptions in the specification are only to illustrate the principles of the present application. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, various changes and improvements can be made to the present application, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the claimed present application. The scope of protection of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for integrated mine and ecological restoration using specific microbial communities, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Targeted construction of microbial communities. Based on the mine type, pollution characteristics and remediation stage, a composite microbial community containing core functional bacteria and auxiliary functional bacteria is screened and constructed, and a composite microbial agent is prepared. The compound microbial agent is prepared by mixing core functional bacteria and auxiliary functional bacteria in a volume ratio of 2-3:

1. The core functional bacteria are acid- and heavy metal-resistant Bacillus strains and Pseudomonas strains, as well as functional strains that produce extracellular polymers. The auxiliary functional bacteria are phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and cellulase-producing bacteria. Step 2: Preparation of the repair matrix. A three-layer gradient matrix consisting of a bottom layer, a middle layer, and a top layer is prepared. Each layer is laid with a thickness ratio of 3:4:3, and a compound microbial agent is applied to each layer for compound microbial colony inoculation. Step 3: Construction of the ternary interaction system. Suitable plant communities are configured and planted on a hierarchical substrate. Through the synergistic effect of plant root exudates and microbial metabolites, a material cycle closed loop is formed, thus completing the construction of the interaction system. Step 4: Dynamic monitoring and control. Deploy an Internet of Things (IoT) monitoring system in the mine to collect data on soil, microorganisms, and plant indicators. Then, use AI algorithms to analyze the data and dynamically adjust the remediation parameters for dynamic remediation. The IoT detection system includes a sensor network, a data transmission module, and a main control module. The sensor network is equipped with a pH sensor, a conductivity sensor, a heavy metal ion selective electrode, a microbial ATP bioluminescence sensor, and a plant chlorophyll SPAD sensor to detect mine environmental data. The data transmission module transmits data wirelessly to the main control module via LoRa / NB-IoT. The main control module establishes a remediation effect prediction model based on machine learning algorithms and automatically outputs control commands when the monitoring data deviates from the target threshold. The dynamic remediation strategy includes adding 0.1-0.5% sodium bicarbonate solution to the drip irrigation system to trigger alkali production regulation by Bacillus strains when the soil pH is <5; increasing the irrigation frequency of hyperaccumulating plants to promote the secretion of organic acids from roots to dissolve heavy metals when the available concentration of heavy metals exceeds the standard; and initiating secondary inoculation of auxiliary functional microbial communities when the IoT detection system detects that the plant SPAD value is <30, thereby supplementing the soil nitrogen source by fixing atmospheric nitrogen through nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

2. The method for integrated mine and ecological restoration using specific microbial communities according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mine types in step one include metallic and non-metallic mines, and the pollution characteristics include heavy metal types, pH value and organic matter content. The remediation stages include initial stabilization, intermediate ecological reconstruction and later functional enhancement.

3. The method for integrated mine and ecological restoration using specific microbial communities according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total viable count of the core functional microbial community is (1~5)×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL, containing 30-50% Bacillus strains, 20-30% Pseudomonas strains, and 20-30% extracellular polymeric functional strains; the total viable count of the auxiliary functional flora is (2~5)×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL, containing 40-60% phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, 20-30% nitrogen-fixing bacteria and 20-30% cellulase-producing bacteria.

4. The method for integrated mine and ecological restoration using specific microbial communities according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step two, the three-layer gradient matrix consists of a bottom layer made of 85-90% slag with a particle size of 2-5mm, 5-10% quicklime, and 3-5% biochar; a middle layer made of solid waste from the mining area that has been composted for 3 months and inoculated with auxiliary functional microorganisms; and a top layer made of 60-80% in-situ topsoil and 20-40% peat soil with a moisture content of 20-30%.

5. The method for integrated mine and ecological restoration using specific microbial communities according to claim 1, characterized in that: The suitable plant community in step three includes both metallic mineral plants and non-metallic mineral plants. The metallic mineral plants include hyperaccumulating plants and nitrogen-fixing shrubs, while the non-metallic mineral plants include nutrient-poor-tolerant herbs and legumes. The hyperaccumulating plants are one or more of the following: *Sedum morganianum*, *Sedum aizoon*, and *Sedum lineare*, with a planting density of 10-20 plants / m². 2 The nitrogen-fixing shrubs are one or more of the following: *Sophora japonica*, *Robinia pseudoacacia*, and *Hippophae rhamnoides*, with a planting row spacing of 2.5m × 2.5m. The nutrient-poor-tolerant herbs are one or more of the following: *Bahia somalia* and *Bermudagrass*, with a planting density of 30-50 plants / m². 2 The legume plant is one or both of alfalfa and astragalus, and the planting row spacing is 1.5m × 1.5m.

6. The method for integrated mine and ecological restoration using specific microbial communities according to claim 1, characterized in that: The construction of the ternary interaction system in step three specifically includes: S1. Before planting, use a concentration of (1~3)×10. 9 Soak roots in a CFU / mL compound bacterial suspension for 20-40 minutes, then plant. S2. Spray once every 15-30 days after planting at a concentration of (2~5)×10. 8 A CFU / mL compound bacterial suspension maintains the activity of rhizosphere microorganisms; S3. After harvesting the above-ground parts of hyperaccumulating plants, mix them with the topsoil at a ratio of 1:3-5 for composting. After 30 days of decomposition, lay the compost and repeat planting.

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