Equipment state real-time monitoring system and early warning method of vacuum contactor

Abstract

The invention relates to an equipment state real-time monitoring system and an early warning method of a vacuum contactor, and belongs to the technical field of electrical equipment state monitoring. The monitoring system comprises an opening voltage sensor, an opening current sensor, a closing voltage sensor, a closing current sensor, a stroke sensor, a temperature sensor, a temperature collection antenna, a collector and a service terminal. According to the early warning method, contact temperature, opening and closing operation voltage, operation current and stroke data are cooperatively acquired through multiple sensors, multi-dimensional key parameters such as opening and closing time, speed, stroke and acting are calculated based on the acquired data, and a parameter threshold method, a waveform comparison method and a parameter degradation trend analysis method are innovatively combined. Comprehensive and accurate evaluation and predictive fault early warning of the state of the vacuum contactor are realized; according to the invention, the problems of single monitoring means, high false alarm rate and incomplete monitoring in the prior art are solved, and the technical span from passive alarm to active prediction is realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electrical equipment state monitoring, in particular to a real-time monitoring system and early warning method for the state of a vacuum contactor. BACKGROUND

[0002] A vacuum contactor is a widely used switch electrical appliance that uses electromagnetic, pneumatic or hydraulic principles to realize the on-off of the main circuit through a control circuit. The contactor has the advantages of strong breaking current capacity, rapid action, safe operation, frequent operation and remote control, and is mainly used in automatic electrical appliances for remotely and frequently turning on and off the AC and DC main circuit and control circuit. The contactor has a wide range of applications, and its main control object is a motor, and it can also be used to control other power loads, such as welding machines and furnaces.

[0003] The vacuum contactor is usually used in places where frequent switching is required, so the number of on-off operations is usually high, and the design life is 100,000 times or even 1,000,000 times. Such a high frequency of on-off operation can cause structural wear, contact overheating, control circuit abnormalities and a series of faults, resulting in serious accidents such as failure to close or even refusal to operate, and ultimately causing the contactor to burn out or even the load motor to burn out. Therefore, it is urgent to monitor the working state of the vacuum contactor online, evaluate the state of the equipment in real time, and give an early warning of equipment failure to avoid safety accidents.

[0004] At present, there is no product or technology on the market that can truly realize real-time monitoring and state evaluation of the working state of a vacuum contactor. Similar research or technology has the problems of incomplete monitoring function and inaccurate equipment state judgment.

[0005] For example, the prior art CN 221261185 U discloses an "AC contactor operation monitoring device", which judges the state of the equipment by monitoring the three-phase load current. This approach does not focus on the monitoring point. Abnormalities in three-phase load current are either three-phase overload or three-phase imbalance. Overload can cause contact overheating, and three-phase imbalance can cause abnormal temperature difference between three-phase contacts. Therefore, abnormalities caused by contactor load can be monitored by monitoring contact temperature, while the load current of the contactor is usually under high-voltage and high-current conditions. To monitor such load current, a high-protection-grade current sensor is required, which is expensive, large in size and inconvenient to install. Moreover, this approach is too simple, and contactor failures caused by load current abnormalities are only a small part of contactor failures, so the monitoring is not comprehensive enough.

[0006] For example, the prior art CN 118444140 A, a vacuum AC contactor fault monitoring method and system, judges the device state by monitoring the on-off operation current. The problem with this approach is that during the operation of the contactor, what remains unchanged is the on-off work, and the on-off operation current is not only related to the device state of the contactor, but also related to the operating voltage of the contactor. Only monitoring the operating current without monitoring the operating voltage, the judgment basis is incomplete, and the probability of misjudgment is high. For example, a certain type of contactor, the rated operating voltage U0 is 110V, and the normal operating voltage range is 0.85U0~1.1U0. Obviously, the operating current under different operating voltages is not the same, so this single storage method of relying on operating current to judge the device state has low accuracy in evaluating the device state. At the same time, this method of only monitoring the on-off operation current can only judge whether the operation loop is normal by comparing the current waveform, and some key parameters of the contactor, such as opening time, opening speed, opening stroke, closing time, closing speed, closing stroke, etc. can directly judge the contactor device state parameters, and cannot be calculated, so this method is too limited and the monitoring effect is not good.

[0007] Similarly, other existing monitoring methods on the market all have the problems of single monitoring method, lack of core device parameters, few device state judgment basis, low accuracy, and frequent false alarms. SUMMARY

[0008] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a vacuum contactor device state real-time monitoring system and early warning method. Through synchronous acquisition, deep calculation and fusion analysis of multi-dimensional parameters, comprehensive perception of device state and early prediction of faults are realized.

[0009] To achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is: a vacuum contactor device state real-time monitoring system, the core innovation of which is to construct a multi-parameter synchronous acquisition module and a deep calculation module.

[0010] The multi-parameter synchronous acquisition module captures raw data reflecting the health status of the vacuum contactor from different dimensions, which is the basis of the system; it includes an electrical property acquisition unit, a mechanical property acquisition unit and a thermal property acquisition unit.

[0011] The electrical characteristic acquisition unit is composed of an opening voltage sensor, an opening current sensor, a closing voltage sensor and a closing current sensor; the voltage sensor adopts a high-precision resistance voltage division combined with optical coupling isolation for acquisition, ensuring safe isolation from the high-voltage circuit, and itself integrating overvoltage and overcurrent protection functions to prevent the contactor body operation from being affected by monitoring equipment failure; the current sensor preferably uses a non-invasive open Hall sensor, which has the advantage of not needing to disconnect the original operating circuit, and can directly be clamped on the control cable to achieve high-precision current measurement, being convenient and safe to install.

[0012] The mechanical characteristic acquisition unit is composed of a high-precision linear displacement sensor or an angular displacement sensor (collectively referred to as a stroke sensor); the sensor is non-invasively installed on the main shaft or the extended end of the rotating arm of the vacuum contactor through a specially designed stainless steel mounting bracket; in order to withstand the huge impact and vibration generated when the contactor is opened and closed, prevent the sensor from loosening or shifting, and ensure the long-term stability and reliability of the collected data, the mounting structure adopts multiple reinforcement designs, including but not limited to: lock nuts, spring washers, and clamp self-locking structures.

[0013] The thermal characteristic acquisition unit is composed of six passive wireless temperature sensors and one or more temperature acquisition antennas; the passive wireless temperature sensors preferably use surface acoustic wave (SAW) or RFID technology-based temperature sensing tags, which do not need battery power, obtain the required power through the radio frequency energy emitted by the temperature acquisition antenna, and backscatter the signal carrying the temperature data; the six sensors are tightly attached to the contact bases of the three-phase input and output terminals of the vacuum contactor, directly measuring the parts most prone to overheating; the temperature acquisition antenna preferably uses a miniaturized ceramic antenna, which is installed in the switch cabinet in a suitable position close to the contacts to avoid interference with other components.

[0014] The depth calculation module is integrated in the software algorithm of the service terminal and is the "brain" of the system; it receives the synchronized raw waveform data uploaded by the collector, calculates a series of key parameters that can finely represent the device state far beyond conventional monitoring systems through a series of feature extraction algorithms: 1. Based on current / voltage waveform: calculate the duration of the operation process, current maximum value, current average value, voltage maximum value, etc.

[0015] 2. Based on stroke waveform: accurately calculate total stroke, action time (from coil power-on to contact just closing / just opening), three-phase synchronism (maximum difference of three-phase action time), average speed (such as average speed within 6ms before just closing), opening distance, overtravel, overshoot, rebound, and other mechanical dynamic parameters.

[0016] 3. Based on synchronized current, voltage and stroke waveforms: innovatively use full-waveform energy integration method to calculate the closing and opening work; the calculation formula is:

[0017] Wherein, Ii is the current sample value array, Ui is the voltage sample value array, K is the sampling rate; The method avoids the difficulty and error of accurately finding the start and end points of the current in the traditional method, utilizes the characteristic that the operating gap current is zero, and the calculation result is highly consistent with the true value (> 99.6%), and the calculation efficiency is higher.

[0018] Another purpose of the present application is to provide a real-time monitoring and early warning method for the equipment state of a vacuum contactor, which adopts a triple diagnosis strategy, layer by layer, to realize comprehensive judgment: 1. Parameter threshold method (first layer defense): compare the calculated key parameters (such as opening time, closing speed, contact temperature) with the preset safe operation threshold library; any parameter exceeding the threshold range will immediately trigger an alarm of the corresponding level (such as “A-phase contact temperature exceeds limit”); this is the most direct and fast fault judgment.

[0019] 2. Waveform comparison method (second layer defense): establish a standard waveform library (current, voltage waveform) under the healthy state of the equipment; perform dynamic time warping (DTW) or correlation coefficient similarity analysis on the real-time collected waveform and the standard waveform; this method can effectively find those hidden faults that have not caused parameter overrun but the waveform pattern has been distorted, such as slight inter-turn short circuit of coil, slight jamming of mechanism, etc., and issue a “waveform abnormality” alarm.

[0020] 3. Parameter degradation trend analysis method (third layer defense, predictive core): this is the key to realize predictive maintenance; this module has an advanced degradation trend prediction model built in, which continuously tracks and analyzes the historical data of key parameters (such as opening time); the parameter degradation trend analysis method includes calculating the degradation coefficient (ζ) and degradation speed (σ) of the key parameters; Wherein, the degradation coefficient (ζ): this model considers the cumulative effect of operation times and the natural time aging effect, and its calculation formula is:

[0021] Wherein, is the i-th monitored opening / closing time, is the opening / closing time of the equipment out of the factory, is the lower limit of qualification, is the opening / closing operation service life of the contactor design, is the current operation number, is the designed service hours, is the current service hours, ; and ; and This formula quantifies the deviation of current performance from the factory state and weights the contribution of wear and age.

[0022] The deterioration rate (sigma) is used to calculate the rate of change of the current parameter value relative to the last time.

[0023] When the deterioration coefficient When the deterioration coefficient exceeds a preset threshold (such as 0.85) or the deterioration rate sigma suddenly accelerates (exceeds a threshold set based on the service life), the system does not wait for the parameter to exceed the limit, but issues a "trend warning" in advance, prompting the maintenance personnel that the equipment health is accelerating deterioration, and suggesting that a planned overhaul be scheduled, thereby achieving true pre-failure intervention.

[0024] Thanks to the use of the above technical solution, the present application has the following advantages over the prior art: The present application cooperatively collects the contact temperature, opening and closing operation voltage, operation current and stroke data through multiple sensors, and calculates the opening and closing time, speed, stroke and work based on the collected data, and innovatively combines the parameter threshold method, waveform comparison method and parameter deterioration trend analysis method to comprehensively and accurately evaluate and predictively warn the vacuum contactor state, thereby upgrading the single, post-facto passive alarm to a multi-dimensional, in-process diagnostic and pre-forecast intelligent maintenance system, and significantly improving the reliability, safety and economy of the vacuum contactor operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] The technical solution of the present application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings: The accompanying drawings illustrate the present application. Figure 1 The accompanying drawings illustrate the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0027] The accompanying drawings illustrate the present application. Figure 1 The vacuum contactor equipment state real-time monitoring system of the present application comprises an opening voltage sensor, an opening current sensor, a closing voltage sensor, a closing current sensor, a stroke sensor, a temperature sensor, a temperature collection antenna, a collector and a service terminal. The opening voltage sensor monitors the real-time voltage during the contactor opening operation process to obtain the opening voltage waveform; the opening voltage sensor must have overvoltage protection and overcurrent protection to avoid failure of the monitoring equipment itself causing the contactor to fail to open. The opening current sensor monitors the real-time current during the opening operation and obtains the opening current waveform. The opening current sensor is designed in a non-intrusive manner and is not electrically connected to the opening operation circuit. The opening current sensor is preferably a Hall sensor. The closing voltage sensor monitors the real-time voltage during the closing operation of the contactor and obtains the closing voltage waveform. The closing voltage sensor must have overvoltage protection and overcurrent protection to prevent the contactor from being unable to perform the opening operation due to a fault in the monitoring device itself. The closing current sensor monitors the real-time current during the closing operation and obtains the closing current waveform. The closing current sensor is designed in a non-intrusive manner and is not electrically connected to the closing operation circuit. The closing current sensor is preferably a Hall sensor. The stroke sensor monitors the total stroke during the opening and closing operation of the contactor and obtains the opening and closing stroke waveform. The stroke sensor is installed on the main shaft of the contactor in a non-intrusive manner. The installation of the stroke sensor requires multiple reinforcements to prevent loosening due to frequent impacts of the contactor. The temperature sensor monitors the temperature of the incoming and outgoing line contacts of the six contactors. The temperature sensor is a passive wireless temperature sensor. There are six temperature sensors, which can be replaced with each other. The temperature collection antenna is used to realize data transmission between the collector and the temperature sensor. The temperature collection antenna needs to be designed in a small size to avoid interference with other components after installation. The temperature collection antenna is preferably a ceramic antenna. The collector is used to collect data from the above-mentioned various sensors in real time. The collector has a built-in wireless transmission module to realize wireless data transmission between the collector and the service terminal. The collector is responsible for supplying power to various sensors. The service terminal is used to collect data from the collector, analyze, process, draw various waveforms, calculate parameters, and alarm the device. The service terminal has a built-in wireless communication module to realize wireless data interaction with the collector.

[0028] The parameter calculation process is as follows: The collector obtains current, voltage, and stroke data of the opening and closing operation through sampling. The sampling rate is usually 10 kHz, and the sampling time length is 200 ms. Thus, current, voltage, and stroke data are obtained, and the data is an array composed of 2000 sampling data.

[0029] The opening and closing current characteristic parameters include: current duration, maximum current, and average current. Current duration: the time length from the time when the opening and closing operation coil is powered on to the time when the coil current is zero. Current maximum: the maximum current value during the current duration; Current average: the average value of current during the current duration.

[0030] • Opening and closing voltage characteristic parameters include: voltage duration, voltage maximum, voltage average.

[0031] • Opening and closing stroke parameters include: total stroke, action time, three-phase synchronization, speed, porcelain distance, spring compression stroke, overshoot, rebound; Total stroke: the distance from the starting position of the contact to the maximum position during opening and closing; Action time: the time from the moment the operating coil is powered to the moment the moving and stationary contacts are in contact (separated); Three-phase synchronization: the maximum difference in three-phase action time during the same operation of the contactor; Speed: the average speed in the first 6ms after closing or the first 6ms after opening; Porcelain distance: the distance from the starting position of the contact to the just-closed position, or the distance from the stopping position of the contact to the just-opened position; Spring compression stroke: the length of the spring compression during opening and closing, which can be calculated by subtracting the porcelain distance from the total stroke; Overshoot: the maximum height above the stopping position of the contact during the closing process or the maximum height below the stopping position of the contact during the opening process; Rebound: the maximum distance above the stopping position of the contact during the opening process.

[0032] The calculation method of opening and closing work is as follows: Opening and closing work: the function consumed by the control circuit during the opening and closing operation process; The usual practice is to calculate the work during the current duration of opening and closing, which requires finding the starting and ending times of the opening and closing current, and then calculating the data in the relevant time period, which is too cumbersome. Since the current of the opening and closing control circuit is close to zero when the contactor is not operated, the entire current data can be used for work calculation, and the calculation result is similar to the calculation result based on the current duration, with a similarity degree of more than 99.6%. Therefore, the current work in the entire time period can be used instead of the real work.

[0033] The calculation method is as follows: let the opening current array be , the opening voltage array be , the opening current sampling time T, and the sampling rate K. Then the data number N of the opening current array is T / K; Then the opening work is ; Wherein, The unit of is A, By analogy .

[0034] Another object of the present application is to provide a real-time monitoring and early warning method for the state of a vacuum contactor, which adopts parameter threshold method, waveform comparison method, and parameter degradation trend analysis method; For the key parameters of the contactor, such as opening and closing time, opening and closing speed, total opening and closing stroke, opening and closing spring compression stroke, and opening and closing porcelain insulator distance, the parameter threshold method is adopted for alarm, i.e., alarm when the monitored parameter exceeds the related parameter qualified range.

[0035] For the opening and closing current and energy storage current waveforms, the waveform comparison method is used to judge the equipment failure; the monitored normal circuit breaker opening and closing current waveform and energy storage waveform are used as standard waveforms, and the subsequent monitored current waveform is compared with the standard waveform, and alarm is given when the similarity is lower than the preset value.

[0036] For the core parameters of the contactor, such as opening and closing time, opening and closing speed, and total opening and closing stroke, in addition to threshold alarm, the trend analysis method is also used for analysis; the purpose is to find the parameters with accelerated degradation trend or serious degradation degree within the qualified range in advance, to give early warning and avoid equipment failure.

[0037] For example, the qualified range of opening time is (t , ), wherein t is the lower limit of qualification, and t is the upper limit of qualification; The opening time monitored for the i-th time is t , the opening time of the equipment at the factory is t , the design service life of the contactor is n times of opening and closing operation, the current operation number is n , the design service time is h , and the current service time is h ; Then, the calculation formula of the opening time degradation coefficient (ζ) is:

[0038] Among them: ; ; If the degradation coefficient ≥0.85, alarm is given; The calculation formula of the degradation speed (σ) is: ; If (2 / ), or (2*△T / ), alarm is given; Wherein △T is the time difference between the i-th switching operation and the (i-1)-th switching operation, and the unit is hour.

[0039] Similarly, the parameter degradation method can be used to determine whether other parameters need to be alarmed.

[0040] Example 1: Hardware installation and connection of the device Taking a medium-voltage vacuum contactor (such as VC series) as an example, the hardware implementation of the device is described as follows: 1. Electrical sensor installation: disconnect the contactor control power supply; connect the two input terminals of the opening voltage sensor in parallel to the two ends of the opening operation coil (code TQ-F); similarly, connect the closing voltage sensor in parallel to the two ends of the closing operation coil (TQ-H); clamp the opening current sensor (open Hall sensor) on the fire cable leading to the TQ-F coil; install the closing current sensor in the same way; connect all sensor output signal lines to the corresponding analog input ports of the collector.

[0041] 2. Travel sensor installation: clean the end of the main shaft of the contactor; fix the travel sensor on the end face of the main shaft through a custom stainless steel mounting bracket; adjust the rigid connection of the sensor pull rod or rotating shaft with the main shaft to ensure that it can truly reflect the linear or rotational displacement of the main shaft; make sure to tighten all lock nuts and lock nuts to ensure firm installation.

[0042] 3. Temperature sensor installation: clean the installation base of the six contacts on the upper and lower three-phase; use high-temperature tape or a fixing clamp to tightly attach the sensing surfaces of the six passive wireless temperature sensors to the base surface; install the temperature collection antenna on the inner wall of the switchgear, close to the contacts and avoiding obstruction, and connect its cable to the digital interface of the collector.

[0043] 4. Collector and service terminal: the collector is fixedly installed in a suitable position in the switchgear and connected to the working power supply; the service terminal can be a local industrial computer or a remote cloud server; the collector establishes a communication connection with the service terminal through the built-in 4G / 5G wireless communication module or Ethernet port and uploads data according to the set strategy.

[0044] Example 2: Data processing and trend warning process The software of the service terminal executes the following processes: 1. Data triggering and collection: when the collector detects a voltage signal in the opening or closing control circuit, it immediately triggers all channels (two voltage channels, two current channels, and one travel channel) at a sampling rate of 10 kHz, and collects a 200 ms long data packet.

[0045] 2. Parameter calculation: After receiving the data packet, the service terminal first filters and denoises; then, based on the travel curve, the threshold method is used to accurately find the starting time (t0) of the operation and the contact just closes / just separates time (t1), so as to calculate the action time (t1-t0). Further calculation of travel differential gives the speed curve, and the maximum speed is found.

[0046] 3. Fusion analysis and alarm: Threshold alarm: The system reads the preset parameter threshold table; if the calculated closing time is 65 ms, and the upper threshold is 60 ms, an alarm event of "closing time over limit" is generated immediately, and is recorded and pushed.

[0047] Trend warning: The system retrieves all the opening time data of the contactor in the past year (assuming a total of 5000 operations, and the design life M0=100 million times) from the database; substitute into the degradation model formula: Let the factory value T 分0 =42ms, the current value T 分5000 =45ms, the lower limit T 分下 =40ms.

[0048] Let G i =8760 hours (1 year), G0=175200 hours (20 years).

[0049] Calculate k1=(5000 / 1000000) / (5000 / 1000000+8760 / 175200)=0.005 / (0.005+0.05)≈0.091 k2=1−0.091=0.909 Calculate ζ i =(45−42) / (42−40)×(0.091×5000 / 1000000+0.909×8760 / 175200)=1.5×(0.091×0.005+0.909×0.05)≈1.5×(0.000455+0.04545)≈0.069 Although 0.069 is much smaller than the warning threshold 0.85, the system also monitors the degradation speed. Assuming that in the last 100 operations, the opening time has increased from 44.1 ms to 45.0 ms, then the degradation speed σi=(45.0−44.1) / (45.0−42)=0.9 / 3=0.3.

[0050] The system calculates the speed threshold (2 / M0)=2 / 1000000=0.000002, obviously 0.3>0.000002.

[0051] Therefore, the system judges that the deterioration speed is abnormally accelerated, immediately generates a predictive early warning of "abnormal deterioration speed of opening time, and suggests checking the lubrication condition of the mechanism", so as to provide maintenance guidance before failure occurs.

[0052] The innovation of the present application is: 1. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the contactor, a comprehensive monitoring scheme for monitoring the contactor contact temperature, opening and closing operation voltage, opening and closing operation current, and opening and closing stroke is formulated, and the monitoring is more comprehensive; 2. Based on the above monitoring data, the contactor opening and closing time, speed, total stroke, opening distance, compression stroke, and opening and closing work are calculated, which provides a basis for equipment state judgment; 3. The judgment of equipment failure adopts parameter threshold method, waveform comparison method, parameter deterioration trend analysis method, and the means is more comprehensive, the result is more accurate, and the false alarm rate is lower.

[0053] The above is only a specific application example of the present application, and does not constitute any limitation on the protection scope of the present application. Any technical scheme formed by equivalent transformation or equivalent replacement falls within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A real-time equipment status monitoring system for a vacuum contactor, characterized in that: It includes a trip voltage sensor, a trip current sensor, a closing voltage sensor, a closing current sensor, a travel sensor, a temperature sensor, a temperature acquisition antenna, a data acquisition unit, and a service terminal. The tripping voltage sensor is used to monitor the real-time voltage of the contactor tripping operation circuit; The tripping current sensor is used to monitor the real-time current in the contactor tripping operation circuit. The closing voltage sensor is used to monitor the real-time voltage of the contactor closing operation circuit. The closing current sensor is used to monitor the real-time current in the contactor closing operation circuit. The travel sensor is used to monitor the travel changes during the contactor's opening and closing process; The temperature sensor is installed on the contacts of the vacuum contactor to monitor the contact temperature; The temperature acquisition antenna is used for data transmission between the temperature sensor and the acquisition unit; The data acquisition unit is electrically connected to the trip voltage sensor, trip current sensor, closing voltage sensor, closing current sensor, and travel sensor respectively, and is used to collect data from each sensor in real time. The service terminal is connected to the data collector and is used to collect data from the data collector, analyze, process, draw various waveforms, calculate parameters, and issue alarms to the equipment.

2. The real-time equipment status monitoring system for vacuum contactors according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opening and closing voltage sensors have overvoltage and overcurrent protection to prevent the contactor from failing to perform opening and closing operations due to malfunctions in the monitoring equipment itself.

3. The real-time equipment status monitoring system for vacuum contactors according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opening current sensor and closing current sensor are non-invasive Hall sensors.

4. The real-time equipment status monitoring system for vacuum contactors according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stroke sensor is non-invasively mounted on the contactor spindle and employs a multi-reinforcement structure.

5. The real-time equipment status monitoring system for a vacuum contactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature sensors are passive wireless temperature sensors, and there are six of them, which are respectively installed on the three-phase input contacts and the three-phase output contacts of the vacuum contactor.

6. The real-time equipment status monitoring system for a vacuum contactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data collector and the service terminal are respectively equipped with a wireless transmission module and a wireless communication module, enabling wireless data interaction between the data collector and the service terminal.

7. The method for real-time monitoring and early warning of the equipment status of a vacuum contactor according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Synchronously collect data on opening voltage, opening current, closing voltage, closing current, travel, and contact temperature; Step 2: Based on the collected voltage, current and stroke data, calculate multiple parameters in the opening and closing time, opening and closing speed, total stroke, opening distance, compression stroke and opening and closing work; Step 3: Based on the calculated parameters, contact temperature data, and collected raw waveform data, the status assessment and alarm are performed using the parameter threshold method, waveform comparison method, and parameter deterioration trend analysis method.

8. The method for real-time monitoring and early warning of the equipment status of a vacuum contactor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The formula for calculating the work (W) required for opening and closing the circuit breaker by the service terminal is as follows: ； in, Ii This is an array of current sample values. Ui This is an array of voltage sample values, where K is the sampling rate.

9. The method for real-time monitoring and early warning of the equipment status of a vacuum contactor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The parameter degradation trend analysis method includes calculating the degradation coefficient (ζ) and degradation rate (σ) of key parameters, and issuing an early warning alarm when the degradation coefficient exceeds a first threshold or the degradation rate exceeds a second threshold.

10. The method for real-time monitoring and early warning of the equipment status of a vacuum contactor according to claim 9, characterized in that: The formula for calculating the degradation coefficient (ζ) is as follows: ； in, It is the opening / closing time detected for the i-th time. This refers to the opening / closing time specified at the factory when the equipment was manufactured. It is the lower limit of what is acceptable. The term "close" refers to the service life of the contactor during opening and closing operations. This is the current number of operations. It is designed for use in hours, Current usage hours, ; ; If the degradation coefficient If the value is ≥0.85, an alarm will be triggered; The formula for calculating the degradation rate (σ) is as follows: ； if >(2 / ),or >(2*△T / If the alarm is triggered, an alarm will be sounded. Where △T is the time difference between the i-th opening / closing operation and the (i-1)-th opening / closing operation, in hours.

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