Communication antenna and communication device

Abstract

This disclosure provides a communication antenna and a communication device. The communication antenna includes: an antenna element and isolation elements disposed around the antenna element; wherein the isolation elements reflect electromagnetic waves emitted by the antenna element to form isolated reflected electromagnetic waves, and the isolation elements are asymmetrically distributed; the antenna element receives the reflected electromagnetic waves, which include isolated reflected electromagnetic waves and ambient reflected electromagnetic waves; wherein the isolated reflected electromagnetic waves reflect target isolated reflected electromagnetic waves with unequal intensities in at least two target directions, and the target isolated reflected electromagnetic waves are superimposed on target ambient reflected electromagnetic waves in the ambient reflected electromagnetic waves. Embodiments of this disclosure can effectively improve the isolation of the communication antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of communication antenna technology, and in particular to a communication antenna and communication device. Background Technology

[0002] Full-duplex communication technology enables the transmission and reception of signals at the same time and frequency, improving the capacity and spectrum utilization of wireless communication systems. It has always attracted much attention in the field of communication, adapting to the development of wireless communication technology and alleviating the problem of increasingly tight spectrum resources. However, full-duplex communication technology has always had a problem: self-interference between adjacent transmitting and receiving units can affect communication performance. In order to ensure the feasibility of the entire system, extremely high transmit and receive isolation is required. Extremely high transmit and receive isolation has always troubled those skilled in the art.

[0003] The two ports of the dual-polarized differential antenna are excited by orthogonal polarization modes respectively. When electromagnetic waves of ideal orthogonal polarization propagate in space, they do not interfere with each other, naturally forming isolation. In addition, each polarization port of the differential antenna is fed differentially (equal amplitude, 180° phase difference), and the common-mode rejection effect is used to eliminate near-field coupling current, further reducing interference to the other port.

[0004] However, to achieve high isolation, the following conditions must be met: 1) The shape, size, and material of the radiating element must be completely symmetrical to ensure consistent electromagnetic characteristics; 2) The power supply network must ensure that the amplitudes at both ports are equal and the phases are strictly out of phase. Such conditions are difficult to guarantee in practical applications. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention discloses a communication antenna and a communication device.

[0006] In a first aspect, this disclosure provides a communication antenna, including an antenna element and an isolation unit disposed around the antenna element; wherein...

[0007] The isolation unit reflects the electromagnetic waves emitted by the antenna unit to form isolated reflected electromagnetic waves. The isolation unit is asymmetrically distributed.

[0008] The antenna element receives reflected electromagnetic waves, which include isolated reflected electromagnetic waves and ambient reflected electromagnetic waves.

[0009] Wherein, the isolated reflected electromagnetic wave reflects target isolated reflected electromagnetic waves with unequal intensity in at least two target directions, and the target isolated reflected electromagnetic wave is superimposed on the target environmental reflected electromagnetic wave in the environmental reflected electromagnetic wave.

[0010] Secondly, this disclosure provides a communication device including the communication antenna described in any of the preceding claims.

[0011] The communication antenna disclosed in this invention includes an antenna element and an isolation unit disposed around the antenna element. The isolation unit reflects electromagnetic waves emitted by the antenna element to form isolated reflected electromagnetic waves, and the isolation unit is asymmetrically distributed. The antenna element receives the reflected electromagnetic waves, which include isolated reflected electromagnetic waves and ambient reflected electromagnetic waves. The isolated reflected electromagnetic waves reflect target isolated reflected electromagnetic waves with unequal intensities in at least two target directions. The target isolated reflected electromagnetic waves are superimposed on the target ambient reflected electromagnetic waves. This scheme effectively reduces the intensity difference of ambient electromagnetic waves in different directions by surrounding the antenna element with asymmetrically structured isolation unit and superimposing the reflected electromagnetic waves generated by the isolation unit with the ambient electromagnetic waves, thereby achieving high isolation of the electromagnetic waves reflected by the antenna element.

[0012] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of this disclosure, nor is it intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Other features of this disclosure will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0013] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the present disclosure and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the present disclosure to explain the disclosure and do not constitute a limitation thereof. The above and other features and advantages will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0015] Figures 2(a) to 2(c) are schematic diagrams of the radome structure in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0016] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the connection method between the antenna element and the feed network in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0017] Figures 4(a) to 4(d) are schematic diagrams of electromagnetic wave propagation paths in embodiments of this disclosure;

[0018] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the communication antenna disclosed in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0019] Figures 6(a) to 6(d) are perspective structural diagrams of the radome in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0020] Figures 7(a) to 7(b) are schematic diagrams of the structure of an antenna unit in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0021] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna unit in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0022] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the adapter board in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0023] Figures 10(a) to 1 0(b) is a schematic diagram of the power supply network in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0024] Figures 11(a) to 1 1(b) is a schematic diagram of the structure of the base plate in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0025] Figure 12 This is a comparison diagram of the isolation degree of the communication antenna using the isolation unit provided in this embodiment and without the isolation unit.

[0026] Figure 13 This is a comparison diagram of the amplitude of the communication antenna in this embodiment of the disclosure using the isolation unit provided in this embodiment and without the isolation unit;

[0027] Figure 14 This is a frequency comparison diagram of the communication antenna using the isolation unit provided in this embodiment and without the isolation unit in this embodiment.

[0028] Figures 15(a) to 1 5(c) is a schematic diagram of the structure of an isolation body in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0029] Figures 16(a) to 1 6(f) is a schematic diagram of the structure of the six types of insulators provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0030] Figures 17(a) to 1 7(d) is a schematic diagram of the structure of the four isolation units provided in the embodiments of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this disclosure, exemplary embodiments of this disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, including various details of the embodiments of this disclosure to aid understanding. These should be considered merely exemplary. Therefore, those skilled in the art should recognize that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of this disclosure. Similarly, for clarity and conciseness, descriptions of well-known functions and structures are omitted in the following description.

[0032] Where there is no conflict, the various embodiments of this disclosure and the features thereof in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0033] As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more related enumerated entries.

[0034] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit this disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that when the terms “comprising” and / or “made of” are used in this specification, the presence of the stated feature, integral, step, operation, element, and / or component is specified, but the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof is not excluded. Words such as “connected” or “linked” are not limited to physical or mechanical connections but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.

[0035] Unless otherwise specified, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. It will also be understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and this disclosure, and will not be interpreted as having an idealized or overly formal meaning, unless expressly so defined herein.

[0036] The base station uses the communication antenna of this disclosure embodiment. An asymmetric isolation unit surrounds the antenna unit. The reflected electromagnetic waves generated by the isolation unit and the ambient electromagnetic waves are superimposed, which effectively reduces the intensity difference of the ambient electromagnetic waves in different directions, thereby achieving a high degree of signal isolation.

[0037] Full-duplex antennas can be divided into two types: separate transmit and receive antennas and integrated transmit and receive antennas. Separate transmit and receive antennas are completely separated in space or structure, with a certain distance between the transmit and receive arrays. Cancellation structures, absorbing structures, or EBG structures are added at this distance to improve isolation. While this separation design helps reduce interference between the transmitted and received signals, it results in a larger overall size and requires a separate decoupling structure between the transmit and receive arrays, making the design complex and costly. Integrated full-duplex antennas, on the other hand, integrate the transmit and receive antennas into a single unit, resulting in a more compact structure. This design has significant advantages in miniaturization and integration, making it particularly suitable for space-constrained applications and gaining increasing attention in the current trend towards compact designs.

[0038] Currently, methods to improve the isolation of transceiver full-duplex antennas mainly include polarization diversity, using decoupling networks, and differential feeding. Polarization diversity offers limited improvement in isolation and has a narrow bandwidth. Generally, decoupling networks are used to control the dimensions of the transmission line structure and parasitic structures, converting the real part of the mutual admittance of the radiating antenna to zero within a predetermined frequency band. Furthermore, within this predetermined frequency band, the imaginary part of the mutual admittance of the four-port CRDN (Coupled Resonator Decoupling Network) structure can cancel out the imaginary part of the mutual admittance of the radiating antenna, thus suppressing different couplings between the radiating antennas. Differential networks are also used to achieve high isolation characteristics. These decoupling methods can significantly improve antenna isolation; however, these schemes have very high requirements for antenna amplitude and phase, requiring the antenna to be in a symmetrical environment. However, this is difficult to achieve in practical applications, as antenna amplitude and phase are easily affected by environmental interference, leading to a decrease in isolation. Simply adjusting the decoupling network and differential network is unlikely to restore it to a high isolation state.

[0039] Compared to other antennas, the embodiments of this disclosure achieve high isolation design by adding asymmetric isolation units around the antenna elements, and achieve orthogonality of transmitted and received signals by using differential networks that are physically isolated from the antenna elements, thus breaking through the symmetry constraints of differential antennas. This has the advantages of broadband, high isolation, simple structure, and high practicality.

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, with reference to... Figure 1 It includes an antenna element and an isolation unit disposed around the antenna element; wherein,

[0041] The isolation unit reflects the electromagnetic waves emitted by the antenna unit, forming isolated reflected electromagnetic waves. The isolation unit is asymmetrically distributed.

[0042] The antenna element receives reflected electromagnetic waves, which include isolated reflected electromagnetic waves and environmental reflected electromagnetic waves.

[0043] Among them, the isolated reflected electromagnetic wave is a target isolated reflected electromagnetic wave with unequal reflection intensity in at least two target directions, and the target isolated reflected electromagnetic wave is superimposed on the target environmental reflected electromagnetic wave in the environmental reflected electromagnetic wave.

[0044] To effectively improve antenna isolation, this disclosure proposes a communication antenna structure design that can maintain high isolation in practical asymmetric environments. It can be applied to full-duplex antennas or other base station antennas with high isolation requirements, achieving higher isolation while ensuring the commercialization of the technology.

[0045] It should be understood that the asymmetric design of the isolation unit is based on the electromagnetic wave reflection situation of the environment around the antenna unit. In the direction where the electromagnetic wave reflected by the environment around the antenna unit is strong, the electromagnetic wave reflected by the isolation unit is weak, and in the direction where the electromagnetic wave reflected by the environment around the antenna unit is weak, the electromagnetic wave reflected by the isolation unit is strong. This achieves the neutralization of the electromagnetic waves generated by the environment around the antenna unit in the required direction by the electromagnetic wave reflected by the isolation unit, thereby reducing the intensity difference of the reflected electromagnetic wave received by the antenna unit in different directions.

[0046] The antenna element emits electromagnetic waves on one hand and receives reflected electromagnetic waves on the other. Reflected electromagnetic waves include isolated reflected electromagnetic waves and environmental reflected electromagnetic waves. Environmental reflected electromagnetic waves are affected by the surrounding environment of the antenna element. In some cases, the intensity of environmental reflected electromagnetic waves varies in different directions, and sometimes the intensity difference is significant, causing a considerable impact on the antenna element. For example, if the antenna element uses an asymmetrical radome, the asymmetrical radome will generate reflected electromagnetic waves of different intensities in different directions. In this embodiment, asymmetrically distributed isolation units are used to reflect the electromagnetic waves emitted by the antenna element, forming isolated reflected electromagnetic waves. Due to the asymmetry of the isolation units, the isolated reflected electromagnetic waves... This scheme isolates electromagnetic waves with unequal reflection intensities in at least two target directions. The isolated electromagnetic waves are superimposed on the reflected electromagnetic waves from the surrounding environment. The electromagnetic waves of different intensities and directions generated by the isolation unit and the electromagnetic waves of different intensities and directions generated by the environment around the antenna unit combine with each other, thereby reducing the intensity difference of the reflected electromagnetic waves in different directions. This scheme achieves high isolation of the electromagnetic waves reflected by the antenna unit by surrounding the antenna unit with asymmetric isolation units and superimposing the reflected electromagnetic waves generated by the isolation units with the environmental electromagnetic waves.

[0047] In some optional embodiments, the target isolation reflected electromagnetic wave is superimposed on the target environment reflected electromagnetic wave to form the target total reflected electromagnetic wave; the difference in electromagnetic wave intensity between the two target directions of the target total reflected electromagnetic wave is the first intensity difference, and the difference in electromagnetic wave intensity between the two target directions of the target environment reflected electromagnetic wave is the second intensity difference, and the first intensity difference is less than the second intensity difference.

[0048] It should be understood that the communication antenna provided in this embodiment is suitable for scenarios where the intensity of reflected electromagnetic waves in the environment is unequal in at least two directions. Because the intensity of the reflected electromagnetic waves in the environment is unequal in at least two directions, the isolation of the antenna element is reduced. The isolation element, through an asymmetric structure, generates reflected electromagnetic waves of unequal intensity. The difference between the electromagnetic waves generated by the isolation element and the difference between the reflected electromagnetic waves in the environment cancel each other out, thereby reducing the difference in the reflected electromagnetic waves received by the antenna element in different directions and thus improving the isolation.

[0049] In some alternative embodiments, the isolation unit has at least one different characteristic parameter in at least two target directions to achieve target isolation of reflected electromagnetic waves with unequal reflection intensities in at least two target directions. The characteristic parameters include reflective surface texture, material, reflective surface size, reflective surface shape, distance from the center of the antenna unit, relative position to the antenna unit, and reflection angle.

[0050] It should be understood that the asymmetric structure of the isolation unit can be achieved by setting different characteristic parameters. The specific characteristic parameters used are not limited to those described in the embodiments of this disclosure, but can also be other characteristic parameters selected by those skilled in the art according to actual engineering needs, which will not be elaborated here.

[0051] In some alternative embodiments, the isolation unit includes: a plurality of isolation bodies disposed around the antenna unit, each isolation body being a cuboid structure.

[0052] It should be understood that the isolation structure is not limited to the contents described in the embodiments of this disclosure, and may also be other structures selected by those skilled in the art according to actual engineering needs, which will not be elaborated here.

[0053] In some alternative embodiments, the cuboid-shaped insulator also satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0054] Condition 1: The length of each isolator in the direction parallel to the base plate is between 0.3λ and 0.8λ, where λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave with the center frequency of the communication antenna in free space.

[0055] Condition 2: The height of each insulator in the direction perpendicular to the base plate is between 0.05λ and 0.2λ;

[0056] Condition 3: The distance between each isolator and the center of the antenna element is between 0.2λ and 0.5λ.

[0057] It should be understood that the shape and setting parameters of the isolator are not limited to those described in the embodiments of this disclosure, and may also be other parameters selected by those skilled in the art according to actual engineering needs, which will not be elaborated here.

[0058] In some alternative embodiments, the isolator includes at least one of a printed circuit board, a metal plate, a columnar metal body, and a metal mesh plate.

[0059] It should be understood that the material, shape, and structure of the isolator are not limited to those described in the embodiments of this disclosure, and may also be other materials, shapes, and structures selected by those skilled in the art according to actual engineering needs, which will not be elaborated here.

[0060] In some alternative embodiments, the aforementioned communication antenna further includes an adapter plate, a base plate, and a feed plate arranged sequentially adjacent to each other. The isolation unit and the antenna unit are disposed on the surface of the adapter plate away from the base plate, and the feed plate is provided with a feed network on the surface of the feed plate away from the base plate.

[0061] It should be understood that, in order to further improve the isolation of the communication antenna, the feed network and the antenna element are placed on different sides of the base plate. By physically isolating the feed network and the antenna element, the interference between the antenna element and the feed network is reduced.

[0062] In some alternative embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the communication antenna also includes an adapter board A, a base plate B, a feed board C, an isolation unit D, a differential antenna E, an adapter microstrip F, and feed networks G1 and G2. The isolation unit D includes isolators D1, D2, D3, and D4.

[0063] It should be understood that the communication antenna also includes a radome, which at least encloses the antenna element and the isolation element inside, and the radome has a different structure in at least two target directions.

[0064] It should be noted that in practical applications, the radome is an indispensable structure. As shown in Figure 2, the shape of the radome can be arc, rectangle, square, or other symmetrical or asymmetrical structures. Asymmetrical radome structures reflect electromagnetic waves of different intensities in corresponding directions, which greatly reduces the isolation of the antenna element.

[0065] In some alternative embodiments, the antenna element is connected to the connection point circuit of the feed network via a pin passing through the base plate; or, the antenna element is connected to the connection point circuit of the feed network via a feed pin passing through the base plate.

[0066] In some alternative embodiments, taking a differential antenna as an example, Figure 1 The intermediate differential antenna E consists of one radiating surface and multiple pins; the number of pins can be four or three. Figure 1 This illustrates the situation with 4 pins.

[0067] It should be noted that the radiating surface of the differential antenna E is symmetrical, and the relative positions of the four pins are also symmetrical to maximize the antenna's anti-interference performance.

[0068] It should be understood that the differential antenna E can be a one-piece sheet metal vibrator, a PCB vibrator, or a vibrator composed of a PCB and metal components. The pins of the differential antenna E are electrically connected to the adapter microstrip F by soldering. The adapter microstrip F is printed on the upper surface of the adapter board A. The four connection points p1~p4 of the adapter microstrip F are connected to the corresponding feed ports p1'~p4' of the feed networks G1 and G2 through feed pins. The feed networks G1 and G2 are printed on the lower surface of the feed board C, and p1~p4 correspond one-to-one with the feed ports p1'~p4'.

[0069] It should be understood that the transition microstrip F is not a necessary structure. When the balun of the differential antenna E can be directly connected to the feed network, F can be removed.

[0070] like Figure 3 As shown, with 4 pins, Pa and Pb are the two input ports of the power supply networks G1 and G2, and the following relationship exists:

[0071] In terms of amplitude: | |=| |,| |=| |;

[0072] In terms of phase: ∠| |-∠| |=180°,∠| |-∠| |=180°.

[0073] in, These are the S-parameters between ports pa and p1'. These are the S-parameters between ports pa and p2'. These are the S-parameters between ports pa and p3'. These are the S-parameters between ports pa and p4'. S-parameters (Scattering parameters) are core parameters describing the signal transmission and reflection characteristics between ports in an RF / microwave network, and are widely used in the performance analysis of high-frequency devices such as antennas, filters, and amplifiers. The 180° phase difference is controlled by the lengths of the microstrip lines in the feed networks G1 and G2. A 180° phase difference can be achieved by a 0.5λg difference in microstrip line lengths, where Ag is the dielectric wavelength at the center frequency of the antenna element. Pa and Pb connect to RF cables or RF connectors, interconnecting the antenna with the RRU or AAU to achieve signal transmission and reception. Feed networks G1 and G2 can be T-junctions or Wilkinson power dividers. Feed networks G1 and G2 and the differential antenna E are located on the upper and lower sides of the base plate B, thereby reducing field interference between them.

[0074] The isolation between the two ports of a differential antenna can be calculated using the following formula:

[0075] ;

[0076] when At that time, the isolation between ports is the highest, among which, These are the S-parameters between ports p1 and p3. These are the S-parameters between ports p1 and p4. These are the S-parameters between ports p2 and p3. These are the S-parameters between ports p2 and p4. These are the S-parameters between ports pa and Pb.

[0077] As shown in Figures 4(a) to 4(d), the electromagnetic wave radiation of the antenna element is different in different environments. When the antenna element is in an open environment, the electromagnetic waves emitted by the antenna element radiate outward without any reflected electromagnetic waves. Due to the strict symmetry of the antenna element's own structure, the maximum isolation condition equation is satisfied.

[0078] As shown in Figures 4(a) and 4(b), the antenna element is located in a symmetrical environment. The electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna element radiates outward along path ①, and after reflection by the symmetrical environmental structure, propagates along paths ② and ②'. ​​Due to the symmetrical environment, the intensity of the reflected electromagnetic waves propagating along ② and ②' is equal, denoted as m. Then we have... +m indicates a high degree of isolation between the receiving ports of the antenna elements.

[0079] As shown in Figures 4(c) and 4(d), the antenna element is in an asymmetrical environment. For example, the antenna element incorporates an asymmetrical radome, the structure of which is shown in Figures 2(a) to 2(c). The intensity of the reflected electromagnetic waves propagating along ② and ②' is no longer equal, and the intensity of the reflected waves in the four surrounding directions are respectively... +m4, the maximum isolation condition equation cannot be satisfied, and the antenna isolation will deteriorate sharply. Simply adjusting the port amplitude and phase of the feed network G and G2 cannot restore it to a higher isolation.

[0080] In this embodiment, an asymmetric isolation unit D is introduced, which surrounds the antenna. The isolation unit introduces an additional reflection path ③. The intensity of the reflected wave from the isolation unit is denoted as n, and the intensity of the isolated reflected wave in the four surrounding directions are respectively... , , n4, by adjusting the structure of the isolation unit, thereby adjusting the intensity of electromagnetic waves reflected by the isolation unit in different directions, so that... +m4+n4 makes the equation for maximizing isolation true, thus improving the isolation between the receiving ports of the antenna elements.

[0081] It should be understood that the isolation unit D can be a PCB with a printed metal layer. The shape of the metal layer can be rectangular, serrated, or other periodic or non-periodic patterns. D can also be a pure metal structure with a certain thickness. This structure can be a column, cuboid, mesh, or T-shaped structure, which can be selected by those skilled in the art according to the specific actual situation. The embodiments of the present invention do not limit this.

[0082] It should be noted that the number of asymmetric isolation units D is closely related to the radome structure. When the radome is completely asymmetric, four asymmetric isolation units D are required, and the dimensions of the isolation units D1 to D4 are different. When the radome is symmetrical front to back or left to right, two, three, or four asymmetric isolation units can be used. In this case, the dimensions of the isolation units D1, D2, D3, and D4 can be the same or different. Considering the antenna radiation pattern characteristics and cross-polarization suppression requirements, a configuration of four units is preferred.

[0083] It should be understood that the rectangular isolator should be placed vertically at the same level as the bottom of the antenna element. The length and height of the isolator should be less than the length and height of the radome. To ensure that the antenna element can radiate electromagnetic waves normally while adjusting the magnetic field distribution, the height of the isolator D should be less than the height of the antenna element's radiating surface and should meet the requirement of 0.05λ~0.2λ, where λ is the wavelength in free space at the center frequency of the antenna element. The distance from the center of the antenna should meet the requirement of 0.2λ~0.5λ, and the length should meet the requirement of 0.3λ~0.8λ.

[0084] To make the features and advantages of the embodiments of this disclosure more apparent and understandable, a specific embodiment of a communication antenna is described in detail below.

[0085] like Figure 5 As shown, the communication antenna of this embodiment includes an antenna cover 1, an antenna element 2, an asymmetric isolation unit 3, an adapter plate 4, a base plate 5, a feed plate 6, a shielding plate 7, and a mounting plate 8.

[0086] As shown in Figures 6(a) to 6(d), the radome 1 mainly consists of a radome body 11, a front cover 12, and a rear cover 13. Screws 151 and 152 on the front and rear covers respectively connect to the base plate 5 for fixing the covers. The RF connector structure 14 passes through the front cover and is fixed to the base plate 5 with screws. The antenna element 2 is placed in the middle, and the isolation unit 3 surrounds it. Both the antenna element 2 and the isolation unit 3 are placed above the adapter plate 4. The adapter plate 4 and the feed plate 6 are placed on opposite sides of the base plate 5, and are fixed together with plastic rivets. The shielding plate 7 is made of metal and is used to prevent interference from other structures at the bottom of the antenna, thereby improving system stability. The shielding plate 7 is located below the feed plate 6 and is fixedly connected to the base plate 5 with plastic rivets on both sides to ensure optimal antenna performance and stable system operation. Mounting plate 8 is located below shielding plate 7. It adopts a hollow design to reduce weight. Mounting plate 8 has two M8 metal screws for fixing the back plate and antenna. It is then installed with the whole machine to form a complete system.

[0087] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the structure of antenna element 2 is shown in Figures 7(a) to 7(b). Figure 8 As shown.

[0088] The antenna element shown in Figures 7(a) and 7(b) is a ±45° dual-polarized antenna, mainly composed of a horizontal radiating surface and four feed posts 24. The horizontal radiating surface is printed on the upper surface of a PCB board 21, and the material and thickness of the PCB board 21 can be selected according to design requirements. The feed posts 24 are made of aluminum or brass, with stepped small cylinders at both ends. The upper end of the feed post 24 is directly electrically connected to a circular patch 23, and the lower end is connected to a microstrip line on the adapter board 4. A square patch 22 surrounds the circular patch 23, with a width of L1. The square patch 22 and the circular patch 23 are electromagnetically coupled through an annular gap with a width of gal. This structure not only completes the directional transmission of radio frequency energy but also effectively broadens the antenna's operating bandwidth through multi-resonance mode excitation. The square patch 22 also has a square gap with a width of w and a length of L2 engraved on it to extend the current path and reduce the aperture size.

[0089] Figure 8 Another antenna element structure was demonstrated, which replaced the feed post with a combination of dielectric substrate 25' and balun 24', further improving the stability of the antenna element structure and reducing costs.

[0090] It should be understood that the communication antenna claimed in the embodiments of this disclosure has an open structure, and its specific structural form is not limited to a single one. In different embodiments, the antenna element can be implemented with a variety of topological configurations according to engineering needs, but it must meet two core constraints: first, a differential feeding mechanism is used to maintain stable differential mode radiation characteristics; second, a geometrically symmetrical layout is maintained to achieve common mode suppression.

[0091] like Figure 9 As shown in Figures 10(a) and 10(b), the adapter board 4 mainly consists of a dielectric substrate 41 and an adapter microstrip 42. The adapter microstrip 42 is printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 41 and is placed along the ±45° direction. The large circular microstrip on the inner side of the adapter board 4 is connected to the feed post 24, and the small circular microstrip on the outer side passes through the feed pin, passes through the base plate 5, and is connected to the power divider 62 on the feed board 6. The power divider 62 is printed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 61.

[0092] In some alternative embodiments, the power divider employs a T-shaped structure. One pair of differential ports is positioned at +45° to ensure that the amplitudes of the output signals from both ports are consistent, and a 180° phase difference is achieved through microstrip line control, thus achieving differential feeding. The other pair of differential ports is positioned at -45°, similarly maintaining equal amplitudes of the output signals from both ports, and a 180° phase difference is controlled through microstrip lines. Feed port 63 is equipped with an analog radio frequency signal transmission cable, and electromagnetic energy transmission is achieved through coaxial feeding.

[0093] Figures 10(a) to 10(b) show another feed board structure 6', which uses a Wilkinson power divider 62'. On one branch, a pair of short-circuit stubs 621' and a pair of open-circuit stubs 622' are introduced. The length of both the short-circuit and open-circuit stubs is 1 / 8 wavelength, and the spacing between the pair of short-circuit stubs is 1 / 2 wavelength, which can achieve amplitude and phase stability over a wide frequency band.

[0094] As shown in Figures 11(a) and 11(b), the base plate 5 serves as the main support structure for the antenna. It can be made of metal, specifically aluminum. The base plate 5 can be a square structure bent downwards on all four sides, with its front and rear sides connected to the front and rear end covers of the antenna radome. An RF connector hole 51 is located on the front side. The left and right sides are bent into an L-shape to increase the base plate's strength while reducing installation complexity. A first hole 54 is located at both ends of the bottom horizontal section, and a second hole 55 is located in the middle. The shielding plate 7 is connected and fixed to the base plate 5 with rivets through the first hole 54, and the mounting plate 8 is connected and fixed to the base plate 5 with screws through the second hole 55.

[0095] See Figure 12As shown by the solid line, the differential antenna, due to its balanced feed structure, effectively suppresses common-mode current and has a high common-mode rejection ratio, enabling it to achieve better isolation than traditional symmetrical dipole antennas. Without a radome and with a symmetrical surrounding environment, the original port isolation can reach 57dB or higher. However, the introduction of radomes, supports, and mounting components leads to an asymmetrical environment around the differential antenna, disrupting the amplitude and phase balance at the differential antenna ports. The isolation between the two ports drops to only 35dB, a deterioration of 22dB or more compared to the original isolation. Figure 12 As shown by the dashed line. Adjusting the length and width of the microstrip line in the differential network can offset some of the effects of asymmetry, but the adjustment capability is limited. If the asymmetry of the environment is very severe, circuit adjustment alone cannot completely restore the isolation to a higher level, such as 55-65dB.

[0096] This embodiment of the disclosure solves the problem of achieving higher isolation by placing asymmetric isolation units 3 around the antenna unit. The asymmetric isolation units 3 are used to adjust the magnetic field distribution around the antenna and change the impedance characteristics of the antenna unit so that the amplitude and phase between the ports are balanced. The port isolation is improved by optimizing the height, length and relative position of the isolation units 3.

[0097] To more clearly demonstrate the amplitude and phase adjustment effect of isolation unit 3, the feeding network in this embodiment is removed. It can be seen that the differential antenna includes four feeding ports, where feeding ports p1' and p3' are a pair of differential ports, and feeding ports p2' and p4' are another pair of differential ports. Under the conditions of equal amplitude and in-phase feeding and symmetrical environment, the amplitude and phase of S14, S12, S34 and S23 should be equal.

[0098] Figure 12 The solid black line in the middle shows the isolation level after adding the asymmetric isolation element 3. The isolation level is greater than 52dB within 4% of the bandwidth and greater than 62dB at the center frequency. Compared with the antenna without the asymmetric isolation element 3, the isolation level is improved by 17~27dB, which is a significant improvement.

[0099] Figure 13 , 14 The effect of asymmetric isolation unit 3 on S12 and S14 is shown.

[0100] like Figure 13 , 14 As shown, without the asymmetric isolation unit 3, S12 and S14 have significant differences in amplitude and phase due to the asymmetry of the environment. After adding the asymmetric isolation unit 3, the two show obvious consistency, indicating that the asymmetric isolation unit 3 effectively regulates the amplitude and phase.

[0101] In some optional embodiments, the specific structure of the asymmetric isolation unit 3 is shown in Figures 15(a) to 15(c), 16(a) to 16(f), and 17(a) to 17(d). Specifically, the isolation unit 3 can be composed of four dielectric substrates printed with metal layers, each dielectric substrate serving as an isolation body. The first isolation body 31 and the third isolation body 33 have the same structural dimensions and distance from the antenna center, while the second isolation body 32 and the fourth isolation body 34 have the same structural dimensions and distance from the antenna center. The first isolation body 31 has a rectangular metal layer with a length of L3 and a height of H3 printed near the antenna side, and the second isolation body 32 has a rectangular metal layer with a length of L4 and a height of H4 printed near the antenna side. L3 and L4 may not be equal, and H3 and H4 may also not be equal. The distances of the first isolation body 31 and the second isolation body 32 from the antenna center may not be equal. Depending on the environment and antenna type, relevant parameters can be optimized to improve the isolation.

[0102] In this embodiment, L3 is approximately 0.55λ, where λ is the wavelength in free space at the center frequency of the antenna element. H3, L4, and H4 are 0.1λ, 0.51λ, and 0.1λ, respectively. The distances of the first isolator 31 and the second isolator 32 from the antenna center are 0.33λ and 0.3λ, respectively. The first isolator 31, the second isolator 32, the third isolator 33, and the fourth isolator 34 are placed on the upper surface of the adapter plate 4. There is a protrusion near the adapter plate 4, which is aligned with and embedded in the slot 43. The adapter plate 4 is then welded and fixed. At the same time, a hole 52 is left on the base plate 5 to avoid the protrusion, and a hole 53 is used to avoid the four feed posts of the antenna element. The first isolator 31, the second isolator 32, the third isolator 33, and the fourth isolator 34 are assembled using slots to ensure the perpendicularity of the substrate.

[0103] In some alternative embodiments, other metal layer shapes, such as serrated or other periodic or aperiodic structures, can be printed on the asymmetric isolation unit 3. In the embodiments of this disclosure, the metal layer structures printed on the first isolation body 31 and the third isolation body 33 have the same dimensions, and the metal layer structures printed on the second isolation body 32 and the fourth isolation body 34 have the same dimensions. In other embodiments, they may be different. Figures 16(a) to 16(f) show some other metal layer shapes. In other embodiments, the dielectric substrate may not need to be slotted for assembly; it is only necessary to ensure the perpendicularity to the base plate.

[0104] In some alternative embodiments, the asymmetric isolation unit 3 can also be a pure metal structure with a certain thickness, which can be a column, cuboid, mesh or T-shaped structure. Figures 16(a) to 16(f) and 17(a) to 17(d) show several other asymmetric isolation units 3.

[0105] To achieve higher isolation, this disclosure proposes a commercially viable high-isolation integrated full-duplex antenna, which has the following advantages: First, asymmetric isolation units surround the antenna unit to achieve high isolation design. In practical application environments, high isolation over a wide bandwidth can be achieved by optimizing the structure, size, and relative position of the isolation units. Second, high isolation is achieved by using differential feeding, with the differential network and antenna unit located on opposite sides of the base plate.

[0106] Example embodiments have been disclosed herein, and while specific terminology has been used, it is for illustrative purposes only and should be construed as such, and is not intended to be limiting. In some instances, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that features, characteristics, and / or elements described in connection with particular embodiments may be used alone, or in combination with features, characteristics, and / or elements described in connection with other embodiments, unless otherwise expressly indicated. Therefore, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure as set forth by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A communication antenna, characterized in that, It includes an antenna element and an isolation unit disposed around the antenna element; wherein, The isolation unit reflects the electromagnetic waves emitted by the antenna unit to form isolated reflected electromagnetic waves. The isolation unit is asymmetrically distributed. The antenna element receives reflected electromagnetic waves, which include isolated reflected electromagnetic waves and ambient reflected electromagnetic waves. Wherein, the isolated reflected electromagnetic wave reflects target isolated reflected electromagnetic waves with unequal intensity in at least two target directions, and the target isolated reflected electromagnetic wave is superimposed on the target environmental reflected electromagnetic wave in the environmental reflected electromagnetic wave; The isolation unit has different characteristic parameters in at least two target directions to achieve target isolation of reflected electromagnetic waves with unequal reflection intensities in at least two target directions. The characteristic parameters include reflective surface texture, material, reflective surface size, reflective surface shape, distance from the center of the antenna unit, relative position to the antenna unit, and reflection angle.

2. The communication antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target isolated reflected electromagnetic wave and the target environment reflected electromagnetic wave are superimposed to form the target total reflected electromagnetic wave. The difference in electromagnetic wave intensity between the two target directions of the target total reflected electromagnetic wave is the first intensity difference, and the difference in electromagnetic wave intensity between the two target directions of the target environment reflected electromagnetic wave is the second intensity difference. The first intensity difference is less than the second intensity difference.

3. The communication antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The isolation unit includes: a plurality of isolation bodies disposed around the antenna unit, each of the isolation bodies being a cuboid structure.

4. The communication antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The plurality of isolators disposed around the antenna element satisfy at least one of the following: The length of each of the isolators in the direction parallel to the base plate is between 0.3λ and 0.8λ, where λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave with the center frequency of the communication antenna in free space. The height of each of the insulators in the direction perpendicular to the base plate is between 0.05λ and 0.2λ; The distance between each isolator and the center of the antenna element is between 0.2λ and 0.5λ.

5. The communication antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The isolator includes at least one of the following: a printed circuit board, a metal plate, a columnar metal body, and a metal mesh plate.

6. The communication antenna according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, It also includes a converter plate, a base plate, and a power supply plate arranged sequentially adjacent to each other; The isolation unit and the antenna unit are disposed on the surface of the adapter plate opposite to the base plate; The power supply board has a power supply network on its surface opposite to the base plate.

7. The communication antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes an antenna radome that at least encloses the antenna element and the isolation unit inside, and the antenna radome has a different structure in the at least two target directions.

8. The communication antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that, The antenna element is connected to the feed network via pins passing through the base plate; or... The antenna unit is connected to the connection point of the feed network via a feed pin passing through the base plate.

9. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes the communication antenna as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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