Battery module active and passive combined ejection structure, energy storage system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of battery module active and passive combination ejection structure, energy storage system and method, it is related to battery energy storage safety structure technical field, based on the active and passive combination battery electric / thermal magnetic induction ejection structure design of electromagnetic induction and soft magnetic iron material specific temperature under magnetic transition feature, through electrical and mechanical linkage, the safety of battery pack ejection is guaranteed, active trigger is monitored voltage, temperature and other abnormal information by BMS, and the instruction execution ejection is issued by system general control;Passive trigger utilizes the magnetic transition characteristics of soft magnetic iron at specific temperature (thermal runaway characteristic temperature), without BMS instruction, can be automatically triggered, using the trigger mechanism of active and passive combination solves the limitation of only relying on BMS active control in prior art, through two kinds of mechanism complement each other, even if BMS monitoring is inaccurate or sensor failure, still can be isolated fault battery pack by passive trigger, greatly reduce the security risk.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of battery energy storage safety structure, and particularly relates to a battery module active and passive combined ejection structure, an energy storage system and a method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Electrochemical energy storage technology is developing rapidly worldwide and has become an important supporting technology in the fields of renewable energy integration, energy internet and electric transportation. Under the background of the increasing proportion of renewable energy generation, battery energy storage power stations have become an important way to ensure energy security and improve the flexibility of power systems. The structure of a battery energy storage power station is usually composed of multiple levels: first, battery monomers are connected electrically and mechanically to form battery modules / battery packs, and the battery packs are connected in series or parallel to form battery clusters, and finally, the battery clusters are integrated into prefabricated cabins, which contain temperature control, fire extinguishing and monitoring systems, and can be modularly combined into a complete battery energy storage power station, with high scalability and convenient maintenance.

[0003] Under the background of the prior art, the battery has a risk of thermal runaway under the conditions of external line and battery aging, increased battery inconsistency leading to overcharge or overdischarge, external short circuit, physical damage, high temperature environment and the like. Such a situation not only damages the battery, but also may cause serious accidents such as fire and explosion, endangering the safety of the entire power station. In order to prevent these situations, various safety measures are usually used in the battery energy storage power station, such as a battery management system (BMS), a temperature control and heat dissipation system, and strict monitoring and maintenance procedures. Most of the current thermal safety protection measures focus on the design of the battery thermal management system, which absorbs a large amount of heat generated by the battery while preventing the spread of thermal runaway by developing new thermal management materials and structures. However, this technology is still in the research stage, has a high cost, and still needs to be converted from scientific research achievements to practical applications. In addition, some fire-fighting technologies for battery thermal runaway are constantly innovating, aiming to minimize the impact of battery runaway. However, as the scale of the energy storage power station expands, the failure of the battery pack can have a serious impact on the entire system; in addition, in the prefabricated cabin with limited space and higher energy storage density, once thermal runaway occurs, heat and flames are more likely to spread rapidly. Therefore, a method for more quickly isolating the source of failure is needed as a line of defense for multiple safety protections to ensure safe operation.

[0004] Currently, there are some studies on the ejection battery pack technology. Generally, when a battery or battery pack failure is detected, the ejection structure is activated to eject the failed battery or battery pack. Chinese invention patent CN116714435A discloses a battery pack ejection system and control method, which is mainly designed for the control loop of an electric vehicle, and lacks detailed structural design of the ejection battery pack. Chinese utility model patent CN217641587U discloses a pneumatic battery ejection device, which is used with a battery BMS and completes the ejection action through a linkage safety airbag generator and a cylinder push rod. Chinese utility model patent CN210913898U discloses a device for safe management of energy storage batteries through ejection and discarding, which realizes the fixation and ejection of batteries in a prefabricated cabin through a series of electric control and mechanical structures. However, the ejection devices proposed in the above patents are relatively complex and require a large space. The triggering of the ejection device needs to rely on the instruction of the BMS to actively complete the ejection action. When the BMS monitoring is inaccurate, there is still a safety risk, so a passive ejection triggering mechanism needs to be added to further increase the flexibility and scene applicability of the ejection device. In addition, with the increasing demand for energy storage density, it is necessary to simplify the protective control structure in the prefabricated cabin to the maximum extent.

[0005] In summary, how to simplify the structure design in the prefabricated cabin to the maximum extent, design the active and passive integrated ejection triggering mechanism of the battery pack in the energy storage prefabricated cabin, and realize the modularization of the ejection structure has become a problem to be solved in the prior art. SUMMARY

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to overcome the technical problem that the existing battery energy storage system cannot timely inhibit or cause large damage when a single or multiple battery packs have abnormal states, by providing a battery module active and passive combined ejection structure, an energy storage system and a method.

[0007] The present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A battery module active and passive combined safety protection ejection structure comprises a memory deformation ejection spring, the two ends of the memory deformation ejection spring are respectively connected with a magnet mounting rack, an electromagnet is mounted on the magnet mounting rack at one end of the memory deformation ejection spring, a soft magnet is mounted on the magnet mounting rack at the other end of the memory deformation ejection spring, and a mechanically retractable push rod is arranged between the electromagnet and the soft magnet;

[0009] A clamping joint is mounted on the upper part of the magnet mounting rack, a system total control center is electrically connected to the clamping joint, an electromagnetic switch and a wire harness on-off interface are electrically connected to the system total control center, the electromagnetic switch is connected with the electromagnet, and the electromagnet is connected with an external support.

[0010] Further, the other side of the soft magnetic iron connected to the memory deformation ejection spring is provided with a heat-conducting insulating pad, and the other side of the heat-conducting insulating pad is provided with a sliding mechanism.

[0011] Further, the soft magnetic iron is a neodymium-iron-boron magnetic ferrite magnet.

[0012] Further, the sliding mechanism comprises a sliding baffle, a pulley is installed at the bottom of the sliding baffle, and a battery rack embedded slide rail is arranged below the pulley.

[0013] Further, the electromagnet and the soft magnetic iron have the same length and the same height, and the mechanical telescopic push rod is arranged at a middle position of the height of the electromagnet and the soft magnetic iron.

[0014] Further, a clamping female head is installed at the upper part of the magnet mounting rack where the electromagnet is arranged, and a clamping male head for clamping the clamping female head is installed at the upper part of the magnet mounting rack where the soft magnetic iron is arranged.

[0015] In a second aspect, a storage energy system is provided, comprising a plurality of battery packs, and each of the battery packs is provided with a battery module active-passive combined safety protection ejection structure.

[0016] Further, a battery pack support frame is further included, the battery pack is placed on the battery pack support frame, and the battery module active-passive combined safety protection ejection structure is arranged between the battery pack and the battery pack support frame.

[0017] In a third aspect, a battery module active-passive combined safety protection method is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0018] When the BMS system monitors abnormal information, the system general control center issues an instruction to actively trigger the ejection structure to perform an ejection action, the electromagnetic switch and the wire harness on-off interface at the position of the abnormal battery pack are disconnected, the electromagnet disappears, the clamping heads on the two magnet mounting racks are separated under the elastic force of the memory deformation ejection spring in a compressed state, and the mechanical telescopic push rod pushes out the battery pack under the elastic force of the memory deformation ejection spring.

[0019] When the sensor fails or the BMS system monitoring and judgment are inaccurate, and the temperature of the battery pack reaches the thermal runaway characteristic temperature, the passive ejection structure is triggered to act, the soft magnetic iron loses magnetism, the clamping heads on the two magnet mounting racks are separated under the elastic force of the memory deformation ejection spring in a compressed state, the system general control center receives the clamping head separation signal, disconnects the electromagnetic switch and the wire harness on-off interface at the position of the abnormal battery pack, and the mechanical telescopic push rod pushes out the battery pack under the elastic force of the memory deformation ejection spring.

[0020] Further, the mechanical telescopic push rod pushes the battery pack out of the process, and the battery pack is pushed out of the process by the sliding mechanism.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The application provides a battery module active and passive combined safety protection ejection structure, an active and passive combined battery electric / thermal magnetic induction ejection structure design based on electromagnetic induction and magnetic transformation characteristics of soft magnetic iron material at a specific temperature, and proposes an active and passive combined safety protection ejection structure, which guarantees the safety of battery pack ejection through electrical and mechanical linkage, effectively isolates the battery pack with abnormal risk of out-of-control and quickly removes the battery pack from the system when the battery pack is abnormal, solves the problem that heat runaway is not timely inhibited or is too destructive caused by only relying on a thermal management or fire extinguishing system when a single or multiple battery packs of a battery energy storage system are abnormal, and improves the reliability of the safety protection structure of the energy storage system.

[0023] Preferably, a sliding mechanism is arranged on one side of the heat-conducting insulating pad, and under the driving of the memory deformation ejection spring force, the mechanical telescopic push rod pushes the battery pack to slide along the slide rail, and the pulley at the bottom of the sliding baffle further reduces the sliding resistance and accelerates the disengagement movement until the abnormal battery pack is disengaged from the energy storage system.

[0024] The application provides a battery module active and passive combined safety protection method, active triggering is performed through BMS monitoring of abnormal information such as voltage and temperature, and an instruction is issued by system general control to execute ejection; passive triggering utilizes the magnetic transformation characteristics of soft magnetic iron at a specific temperature (heat runaway characteristic temperature) and can be automatically triggered without BMS instruction, the active and passive combined triggering mechanism solves the limitation of only relying on BMS active control in the prior art, and the two mechanisms are complementary to each other, so that even if the BMS monitoring is inaccurate or the sensor fails, the faulty battery pack can still be isolated through passive triggering, and the safety hazard is greatly reduced.

[0025] The technical solutions of the application are further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of each part of the electric / thermal magnetic induction ejection structure when the battery pack is abnormal and the ejection structure is executed;

[0027] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of each part of the electric / thermal magnetic induction ejection structure when the battery pack is normal and the ejection structure is executed;

[0028] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the energy storage system with the ejection structure when the system is normal

[0029] Figure 4Schematic diagram of energy storage system structure of ejection structure executing action when battery pack state is abnormal at a position

[0030] Figure 5 System composition diagram of battery pack electric / thermal magnetic induction ejection structure

[0031] Figure 6 Flow chart of active and passive control strategy of battery pack electric / thermal magnetic induction ejection structure.

[0032] 1, battery pack; 2, sliding baffle; 3, battery rack embedded slide rail; 4, pulley; 5, heat-conducting insulating pad; 6, soft magnet; 7, memory deformation ejection spring; 8, mechanically retractable push rod; 9, electromagnet; 10, battery pack support frame; 11, magnet mounting frame; 12, female joint; 13, male joint; 14, wire harness on-off interface; 15, electromagnetic switch; 16, system total control center; 17, emergency fire pool; 18, buffer pad; 19, system total power supply; 20, system electromagnetic induction total loop switch; 21, battery module active and passive combined safety protection ejection structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0034] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "one side", "one end", "one edge" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, in the description of the present application, unless otherwise specified and limited, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more.

[0035] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connection" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the communication between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0036] It should be understood that the terms "comprises" and "comprising," when used in this specification and accompanying claims, indicate the presence of the described features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0037] It should also be understood that the terms used in the specification of the application merely for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and are not intended to limit the application. As used in the specification and the appended claims of the application, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0038] It should be further understood that the term "and / or" used in the specification of the application and the appended claims means any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes these combinations.

[0039] Various structural diagrams according to the disclosed embodiments of the application are shown in the accompanying drawings. These drawings are not drawn to scale, in which certain details are exaggerated for the purpose of clarity and certain details may be omitted. The shapes of various regions, layers, and their relative sizes and positional relationships shown in the drawings are only exemplary, and in actuality may deviate due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and regions / layers with different shapes, sizes, and relative positions can be additionally designed by those skilled in the art according to actual needs.

[0040] Technical problems to be solved:

[0041] (1) The problem that the heat runaway suppression is not timely or destructive when the battery energy storage system has single or multiple battery packs 1 state abnormalities, only relying on the thermal management or fire extinguishing system:

[0042] With the increasing scale and complexity of battery energy storage systems, when single or multiple battery packs 1 in the system have abnormalities, the existing thermal management and fire extinguishing systems face the problem of being difficult to respond quickly and effectively. The thermal management system mainly relies on heat dissipation and temperature control measures to suppress the temperature rise of the battery. Once the battery pack 1 has a heat runaway, the existing system may not be able to cool the runaway battery quickly, and heat and flames may spread rapidly, leading to a chain reaction of the entire system. At the same time, the fire extinguishing system currently mainly takes large-scale fire extinguishing actions after the system has a heat runaway. However, for large-scale complex energy storage systems, large-scale fire extinguishing actions may cause greater physical damage beyond the local out-of-control area, resulting in greater economic losses.

[0043] The root of these problems lies in the fact that traditional thermal management and fire protection systems are mainly designed for general failures, and lack flexibility and response speed when dealing with sudden and extreme battery pack 1 out-of-control. This not only increases the safety risk of battery energy storage systems, but also may lead to significant losses of the entire energy storage power station. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new emergency measure that can effectively isolate and quickly evacuate the out-of-control battery pack 1 when an abnormality occurs in the battery pack 1, reduce the possibility of disaster spreading, and create more favorable conditions for subsequent fire fighting operations, thereby effectively reducing potential losses and improving the overall safety of the system.

[0044] (2) Lack of control methods and execution mechanisms for rapid isolation of fault sources in high-density energy storage environments in limited space

[0045] In high-density energy storage environments in limited space, current technology faces the problem of lacking effective control methods and execution mechanisms for rapid isolation of fault sources. With the expansion of the scale of energy storage systems and the increase of energy density, the impact of battery pack 1 failure on the entire system becomes more serious. In this environment, traditional thermal management and safety protection measures often cannot provide sufficient safety protection under the condition of limited space, especially when dealing with battery failure, there is a lack of effective means for rapid isolation of fault sources. Although the ejection technology can provide a method for isolating fault sources in such a high-density environment, there are still several key problems in existing technology. First, in order to meet the growing demand for energy density, the spatial layout and structural design of system components must be as compact and simple as possible to reduce space occupation. However, traditional mechanical transmission structures are usually complex and occupy a large amount of space, and the feedback control logic between the mechanical structure and the energy storage battery cabin master control system during the execution of the ejection action is not clear, resulting in insufficient speed and accuracy of operation. Second, the control method for emergency rapid evacuation structure is still not perfect. Simple and efficient control logic is crucial for precise execution of ejection action, because in the event of danger, a control method that can respond quickly can gain the maximum safety time window and reduce the spread and severity of thermal runaway. However, existing complex control systems and transmission mechanisms may not provide sufficient reliability and speed at critical moments, resulting in missed optimal operation opportunities. Therefore, the current technical problem mainly focuses on how to develop a compact and efficient ejection technology in limited space, optimize the mechanical structure and control logic, to ensure that in a high-density energy storage environment, the faulty battery pack 1 can be quickly and accurately isolated and evacuated, thereby effectively dealing with the risks brought by battery failure.

[0046] (3) Active battery ejection structure control highly dependent on BMS battery management system has safety hazards due to monitoring inaccuracies

[0047] Current battery ejection technology mainly relies on the active control strategy of the BMS (Battery Management System), however, this control logic which highly depends on the feedback information of the BMS has certain safety hazards. In the existing system, the temperature, voltage, pressure and other monitoring signals of the battery energy storage system are first transmitted to the BMS, the BMS judges whether the state of the battery or battery pack 1 is abnormal according to these data, and then transmits the abnormal information to the main control system, and the main control system decides whether to execute the ejection action. The safety of this process depends heavily on the monitoring and judgment ability of the BMS. The accuracy of the state monitoring information of the BMS depends on the sampling precision and rate of the sensor, and the judgment accuracy of the BMS depends on the embedded algorithm. The accuracy of these algorithms depends not only on the quality of the sampling data set, but also on the adaptability and flexibility of the algorithm itself. However, in some cases, the sensor may fail or the algorithm may make a mistake, causing the BMS to fail to accurately detect the abnormal state of the battery pack 1 in time. Such a mistake may cause the battery ejection system to fail to trigger the ejection action in time, thereby failing to effectively protect the safety of the energy storage system.

[0048] In the face of these potential safety hazards, in addition to improving the precision and quality of the sensor and enhancing the accuracy and applicability of the algorithm, it is also necessary to introduce a passive control method. Passive control can provide another safety line in the case of failure of the main control system or monitoring error. The passive control system can respond immediately to the temperature, pressure or strain information of the battery, providing a safety measure that does not depend on the instructions of the BMS, and automatically triggering the ejection action through temperature change characteristics or other physical trigger mechanisms, further reducing the safety hazards caused by monitoring errors. By combining passive control methods with existing active control strategies, the flexibility and reliability of the battery ejection structure can be significantly improved. Even in the case of sensor failure or BMS misjudgment, the passive control system can ensure that the ejection action is quickly executed when the ejection trigger condition is reached, thereby fully protecting the safety of the energy storage system. This combination of active and passive control strategies can more effectively deal with unexpected situations, reduce the risk of system failure, and ensure the stability and safety of the energy storage system under extreme conditions.

[0049] The present application provides a battery module active and passive combined safety protection ejection structure, as shown in Figure 1 The present application provides a battery module active and passive combined safety protection ejection structure, as shown in

[0050] Specifically, the memory deformation ejection spring 7 has two, which are arranged at the upper and lower parts of the magnet mounting frame 11, and the mating joint is arranged at the top of the two magnet mounting frames 11, and the mechanical telescopic push rod 8 is arranged between the two memory deformation ejection springs 7, and the electromagnet 9 is fixedly connected with the external support, that is, it is kept stationary, and the soft magnet 6 and the magnet mounting frame 11 where it is located are movable, and when the soft magnet 6 or the electromagnet 9 loses magnetism, the memory deformation ejection spring 7 can eject the soft magnet 6;

[0051] The mating joint includes a mating female head 12 and a mating male head 13, the mating female head 12 is arranged at the top of the magnet mounting frame 11 where the electromagnet 9 is located, and the mating male head 13 is arranged at the top of the magnet mounting frame 11 where the soft magnet 6 is located, the mating male head 13 is tightly clamped with the mating female head 12, so that the battery pack 1 is fixed on the battery pack support frame 10, and displacement caused by vibration or external force is prevented, and at the same time, the magnetic attraction of the electromagnet 9 and the soft magnet 6 is matched to form a double fixation of “magnetic attraction + clamping”, so that the stability of the battery pack 1 in a high-density energy storage environment is ensured.

[0052] Correspondingly, the design of the soft magnet 6 considers the temperature when the battery module fails, and when the temperature exceeds the temperature threshold of the material to which the soft magnet 6 belongs, the soft magnet 6 loses magnetism, considering the above factors, the soft magnet 6 is selected from neodymium iron boron magnet or ferrite magnet, and the electromagnet 9 contains an electromagnetic winding and is connected with the electromagnetic switch 15, when the electromagnetic switch 15 is disconnected, the electromagnet 9 loses magnetism.

[0053] The electromagnetic switch 15, the mating joint on the magnet mounting frame 11 and the wire harness on-off interface 14 are respectively connected with the system total control center 16, wherein the wire harness on-off interface 14 is arranged on the battery pack 1, and the battery pack 1 is arranged on one side of the soft magnet 6.

[0054] Optionally, in an embodiment, a heat-conducting insulating pad 5 is arranged on the other side of the soft magnet 6 connected with the memory deformation ejection spring 7, that is, the heat-conducting insulating pad 5 is arranged between the soft magnet 6 and the battery pack 1, a sliding mechanism is arranged on the side of the heat-conducting insulating pad 5 in contact with the battery pack 1, and the sliding mechanism specifically includes sliding baffles 2 arranged on both sides of the battery pack 1, and a pulley 4 is arranged at the bottom of the sliding baffle 2, the pulley 4 is arranged on the battery rack embedded slide rail 3, and the battery rack embedded slide rail 3 is arranged on the battery pack support frame 10.

[0055] The application also protects a kind of energy storage system, such as Figure 3As shown, including a plurality of battery packs 1, battery pack 1 is placed on the battery pack support frame 10, each battery pack 1 and battery pack support frame 10 are installed with battery module active and passive combined safety protection ejection structure 21, battery module active and passive combined safety protection ejection structure 21 adopts battery electric / thermal magnetic induction ejection structure design, electromagnet 9 in battery module active and passive combined safety protection ejection structure 21 is connected and fixed with battery pack support frame 10, battery rack embedded slide rail 3 is opened on battery pack support frame 10;

[0056] The energy storage system is also provided with a system electromagnetic induction total loop switch 20 and a system total power supply 19, the system total power supply 19 is electrically connected with the wire harness on-off interface 14, the electromagnetic switch 15 corresponding to each battery pack 1, the system total control center 16 and the system electromagnetic induction total loop switch 20 respectively to provide electric energy.

[0057] The application provides a kind of battery module active and passive combined safety protection method, comprising the following steps:

[0058] When BMS system monitors abnormal information, active trigger ejection structure is executed by system total control center 16 to issue instruction and ejects, electromagnetic switch 15 and wire harness on-off interface 14 at the position of abnormal battery pack 1 are disconnected, electromagnet 9 loses magnetism, under the elastic force of memory deformation ejection spring 7 in compression state, the clamping joint on the two magnet mounting frames 11 is separated, under the elastic force of memory deformation ejection spring 7, mechanical telescopic push rod 8 pushes out battery pack 1;

[0059] When sensor fails or BMS system monitoring is inaccurate, and battery pack 1 temperature reaches the characteristic temperature of thermal runaway, passive trigger ejection structure is actuated, soft magnet 6 loses magnetism, under the elastic force of memory deformation ejection spring 7 in compression state, the clamping joint on the two magnet mounting frames 11 is separated, after system total control center 16 receives the clamping joint separation signal, electromagnetic switch 15 and wire harness on-off interface 14 at the position of abnormal battery pack 1 are disconnected, under the elastic force of memory deformation ejection spring 7, mechanical telescopic push rod 8 pushes out battery pack 1.

[0060] Alternatively, in another embodiment, in order to solve the problem that the thermal runaway suppression is not timely or destructive caused by relying only on thermal management or fire extinguishing system when single or multiple battery packs 1 in battery energy storage system are abnormal, the application proposes to use battery ejection structure as an emergency measure to effectively isolate and quickly remove the battery pack 1 with abnormal risk of losing control from the system when the battery pack 1 is abnormal; further, in order to solve the problem of safety hazard caused by monitoring inaccuracy in the active battery ejection structure control which highly depends on BMS battery management system, the application further proposes a battery electric / thermal magnetic induction ejection structure with active and passive combination.

[0061] Specifically, the electric / thermal magnetic induction ejection structure is composed of a sliding baffle 2, a battery rack embedded slide rail 3, a pulley 4, a heat-conducting insulating pad 5, a soft magnetic iron 6, a memory deformation ejection spring 7, a mechanical telescopic push rod 8, an electromagnet 9 (containing an electromagnetic winding), a magnet mounting rack 11, a female joint 12, a male joint 13, a wire harness on-off interface 14, an electromagnetic switch 15, and a system total control center 16.

[0062] When the battery pack 1 in the energy storage system is in a normal operating state, the working state of the entire structure is as shown in Figure 2 The electromagnetic induction circuit in the ejection structure is in an on state, i.e., the electromagnetic switch 15 is closed, at this time, the electromagnetic winding has current passing through to make the electromagnet 9 have magnetism. The temperature of the battery pack 1 in the normal operating state has not reached the magnetic transition temperature point (i.e., the Curie temperature) of the soft magnetic iron 6, therefore, the electromagnet 9 and the soft magnetic iron 6 attract each other, the memory deformation ejection spring 7 in the middle of the two magnet mounting racks 11 is in a compressed state, and the male joint 13 on the upper part of the magnet mounting rack 11 is inserted into the matching female joint 12 (the male joint is in the shape of Ω). When the ejection structure is not triggered to act, the male joint 13 and the female joint 12 play a role in fixing the battery pack 1, at this time, the battery pack 1 and the wire harness on-off interface 14 are also in an on state.

[0063] As shown in Figure 3 , the electromagnetic switch 15 and the wire harness on-off interface 14 are arranged at the position of each battery pack 1 in the entire energy storage system. The system electromagnetic induction total loop switch 20 is arranged in the energy storage system and is connected with the system total power supply 19.

[0064] The abnormal state of the battery pack 1 in the energy storage system: here refers to the abnormal BMS system monitoring information such as the voltage and temperature of the battery, or the over-temperature of the battery pack 1 (exceeding the Curie temperature of the soft magnetic iron 6, losing magnetism), at this time, the working state of the entire structure is as shown in Figure 4 .

[0065] 1) When the BMS system monitors abnormal information, it will actively trigger the ejection structure to execute the ejection action by issuing instructions through the system total control center 16. The specific operation is as follows: the electromagnetic switch 15 and the wire harness on-off interface 14 at the position of the abnormal battery pack 1 are disconnected, there is no current passing through the coil winding of the electromagnet 9, the magnetism disappears, under the elastic force of the memory deformation ejection spring 7 in the compressed state, the female joint 12 is separated from the male joint 13, under the elastic force of the memory deformation ejection spring 7, the mechanical telescopic push rod 8 pushes the battery pack 1 to slide along the battery rack embedded slide rail 3, the pulley 4 at the bottom of the sliding baffle 2 will further reduce the sliding resistance and accelerate the separation movement, until the abnormal battery pack 1 is separated from the energy storage system.

[0066] The battery pack 1 is ejected into the emergency fire pool 17 provided with a buffer pad 18 after being separated from the system. The overall design of the ejection structure is simple, compact and low in layout cost, and the ejection speed is extremely fast, which maximizes the safety of the system. It should be noted that in the energy storage system as shown in Figure 4 When the electromagnetic switch 15 at the position of the abnormal battery pack 1 is opened, the system electromagnetic induction total loop switch 20 and the electromagnetic switch 15 at the position of the remaining normally operating battery pack 1 remain closed. The ejection action can be performed simultaneously for one or more abnormal state battery packs 1 in the energy storage system, i.e. not limited to a single battery pack 1.

[0067] 2) When the sensor fails or the BMS system monitoring and judgment is inaccurate, when the temperature of the battery pack 1 reaches the thermal runaway characteristic temperature, the passive trigger ejection structure is triggered. The specific principle is that the temperature range of SEI film decomposition of the battery is 80-120℃, at this time the SEI film between the electrolyte and the electrode begins to decompose, releasing heat, marking the initial stage of thermal runaway; when the battery continues to heat to 150-200℃, the electrolyte begins to decompose, generating more heat and possibly releasing flammable gas; when the temperature further rises to 200-300℃, the positive electrode material decomposes, further exacerbating the runaway.

[0068] In order to maximize the safety of the system, the Curie temperature of the soft magnetic iron material is matched with the temperature characteristics of each stage of thermal runaway. Among them, the working temperature of ferrite magnet is 80-100℃, and the working temperature of neodymium iron boron magnet is 80-200℃, which is suitable as the selection of soft magnetic iron material in the structure.

[0069] The specific operation is that the battery pack 1 is assembled with a heat-conducting insulating pad 5 between the battery pack 1 and the soft magnetic iron 6 material, when the temperature of the battery pack 1 reaches the thermal runaway characteristic temperature, the soft magnetic iron 6 undergoes a magnetic transition and loses its magnetic properties. The memory deformation ejection spring 7 restores its shape, generating a large elastic force, the male connector 13 and the female connector 12 are disconnected, and the disconnection signal is transmitted to the system control center 16, the system control center 16 issues an instruction to open the electromagnetic switch 15 and the wire harness on-off interface 14 at that position, under the action of the elastic force of the memory deformation ejection spring 7, the mechanical telescopic push rod 8 pushes the battery pack 1 to slide along the embedded slide rail 3 in the battery rack, the pulley 4 at the bottom of the sliding baffle further reduces the sliding resistance and accelerates the disconnection movement, until the abnormal battery pack 1 is disconnected from the energy storage system.

[0070] Correspondingly, a set of battery module active and passive combined safety protection system is provided, as shown in Figure 5 including a battery pack identification and positioning module, an electric / thermal magnetic induction ejection structure, an electromagnetic induction circuit on-off control module, a battery pack and main circuit power on-off structure, a battery temperature / voltage information acquisition module, a system early warning module and a system total control module, which are cooperatively realized;

[0071] The battery temperature / voltage information acquisition module in the battery energy storage system monitors the voltage, temperature and other state information of the battery pack 1 in real time, while the battery pack identification and positioning module monitors the position information of the battery and the battery pack 1 in which it is located in real time, synchronously updates the position coordinates and battery state database, and judges in real time whether there is a safety risk such as thermal runaway. According to the BMS system embedded algorithm or judgment program, the state information is evaluated in real time whether it is abnormal, whether it needs to trigger the early warning system, and the specific control strategy is as shown in the following figure: Figure 6

[0072] 1) If the sensor data is detected to be abnormal, trigger an alarm, and further analyze whether the abnormal battery pack 1 needs to be ejected. The position information of the abnormal battery pack 1 is transmitted to the system general control module through the battery pack identification and positioning module, and the system general control module simultaneously performs the following actions: real-time display of the fault battery pack 1 state information (including temperature, voltage, connection state, disengagement state), issuing instructions to control the electric / thermal magnetic induction ejection structure to execute the ejection action, issuing instructions to control the wire harness interface between the abnormal battery pack 1 and the main line to be cut off, and issuing instructions to cut off the electromagnetic switch 15 at the abnormal battery pack 1. Through the above operations, the ejection structure actively executes the ejection instruction, isolates and quickly removes the abnormal battery pack 1 from the system.

[0073] 2) If the sensor data is not detected to be abnormal, and the battery pack 1 is not overheated, the battery state and position information is continuously monitored in real time.

[0074] 3) If the sensor data is not detected to be abnormal, but the battery pack 1 is overheated (reaches the magnetic transition temperature of the soft magnet 6), the soft magnet 6 indirectly contacting the battery pack 1 loses its magnetism at high temperature, the clamping male and female heads in the ejection structure are disengaged, and the disengagement signal is fed back to the system general control module. After receiving the feedback signal, the system general control module performs the following actions: issuing instructions to control the wire harness interface between the abnormal battery pack 1 and the main line to be cut off, and issuing instructions to cut off the electromagnetic switch 15 at the abnormal battery pack 1. Through the above operations, the ejection structure passively executes the ejection instruction, isolates and quickly removes the abnormal battery pack 1 from the system.

[0075] Through the flexible and switchable battery ejection structure control strategy combining active and passive, the operation safety of the battery energy storage system can be more comprehensively guaranteed, a more complete safety protection under multiple scene applications can be provided, and the problem of safety hidden danger caused by monitoring error in the control strategy highly dependent on the BMS battery management system can be solved.

[0076] The above content only illustrates the technical idea of the present application and cannot limit the protection scope of the present application. Any modification made according to the technical idea of the present application on the basis of the technical solution falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present application.​

Claims

1. A combined active and passive safety protection ejection structure for a battery module, characterized in that, The device includes a memory deformation ejector spring (7), with magnet mounting brackets (11) connected to both ends of the memory deformation ejector spring (7). An electromagnet (9) is mounted on the magnet mounting bracket (11) at one end of the memory deformation ejector spring (7), and a soft magnet (6) is mounted on the magnet mounting bracket (11) at the other end of the memory deformation ejector spring (7). A mechanically retractable push rod (8) is provided between the electromagnet (9) and the soft magnet (6). The magnet mounting bracket (11) is equipped with a snap-fit ​​connector on its upper part. The snap-fit ​​connector is electrically connected to the system control center (16). The system control center (16) is electrically connected to an electromagnetic switch (15) and a wire harness switching interface (14). The electromagnetic switch (15) is connected to an electromagnet (9). The electromagnet (9) is connected to an external support component.

2. The battery module active and passive combined safety protection ejection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soft magnet (6) is connected to the memory deformation ejector spring (7) on the other side of which a thermally conductive insulating pad (5) is provided, and a sliding mechanism is provided on the other side of the thermally conductive insulating pad (5).

3. A battery module active and passive combined safety protection ejection structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The soft magnet (6) is a neodymium iron boron magnet or a ferrite magnet.

4. The battery module active and passive combined safety protection ejection structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sliding mechanism includes a sliding baffle (2), a pulley (4) is installed at the bottom of the sliding baffle (2), and a battery rack embedded slide rail (3) is provided below the pulley (4).

5. The battery module active and passive combined safety protection ejection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electromagnet (9) and the soft magnet (6) are of the same length and at the same height. The mechanically retractable push rod (8) is positioned at the middle of the height of the electromagnet (9) and the soft magnet (6).

6. The battery module active and passive combined safety protection ejection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A snap-fit ​​female connector (12) is installed on the upper part of the magnet mounting bracket (11) where the electromagnet (9) is located, and a snap-fit ​​male connector (13) for connecting the snap-fit ​​female connector (12) is installed on the upper part of the magnet mounting bracket (11) where the soft magnet (6) is located.

7. An energy storage system, characterized in that, It includes multiple battery packs (1), and each battery pack (1) is equipped with a battery module active and passive combined safety protection ejection structure (21) as described in any one of claims 1-6 on one side.

8. An energy storage system according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a battery pack support frame (10), on which the battery pack (1) is placed. The active and passive combined safety protection ejection structure (21) of the battery module is set between the battery pack (1) and the battery pack support frame (10).

9. A method for combined active and passive safety protection of a battery module, characterized in that, The battery module active and passive combined safety protection ejection structure according to any one of claims 1-6 includes the following steps: When the BMS system detects abnormal information, it actively triggers the ejection structure to perform ejection action by issuing an instruction through the system's main control center (16). The electromagnetic switch (15) and the wiring harness connection / disconnection interface (14) at the abnormal battery pack (1) location are disconnected. The electromagnet (9) loses its magnetism. Under the elastic force of the memory deformation ejection spring (7) in a compressed state, the snap-fit ​​connectors on the two magnet mounting brackets (11) are disengaged. Under the elastic force of the memory deformation ejection spring (7), the mechanical telescopic push rod (8) pushes out the battery pack (1). When the sensor fails or the BMS system misjudges and the battery pack (1) reaches the thermal runaway characteristic temperature, the ejection structure is passively triggered. The soft magnet (6) loses its magnetism. Under the elastic force of the memory deformation ejection spring (7) in a compressed state, the snap-fit ​​connectors on the two magnet mounting brackets (11) are disengaged. After receiving the snap-fit ​​connector disengagement signal, the system control center (16) disconnects the electromagnetic switch (15) and the wiring harness on / off interface (14) at the abnormal battery pack (1) location. Under the elastic force of the memory deformation ejection spring (7), the mechanical telescopic push rod (8) pushes the battery pack (1) out.

10. A method for combined active and passive safety protection of a battery module according to claim 9, characterized in that, During the process of the mechanically retractable push rod (8) pushing out the battery pack (1), the battery pack (1) is pushed out through a sliding mechanism.

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