Arrangement method of spraying and dust falling device of excavator and dust falling device

Abstract

The invention provides an arrangement method of an excavator spraying and dust falling device and the dust falling device, and relates to the technical field of excavators. The method comprises the following steps: determining a bucket and a required spraying range around the bucket; determining a nozzle mounting reference position; according to the transverse length and the longitudinal length of the spraying range, the number of transverse each row of sprayers and the number of longitudinal each column of sprayers are calculated by combining the effective spraying area of the single sprayers; calculating an included angle between a transverse nozzle and the horizontal direction and an included angle between a longitudinal nozzle and the vertical direction according to the distances from the highest point, the lowest point and the farthest point of the spraying range to the nozzle mounting position; and installing the nozzles according to the calculated number and angle of the nozzles, and controlling the nozzles to spray to form a water curtain covering the spraying range. In the operation process of the excavator, spraying and dust falling are carried out at the same time, the excavator bucket can be cooled, dust generated in the excavation process can also be treated, efficiency is high, cost is low, the spraying water amount is small, accumulated water cannot be generated, and operation safety and operation efficiency are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of excavator technology, and in particular to a method for arranging a dust suppression spray device for an excavator and the dust suppression device itself. Background Technology

[0002] Excavators generate a lot of dust during operation. For example, in outdoor open-pit coal mines, the dust generated by excavators can easily spread into the air, seriously affecting the air quality of the open-pit coal mine.

[0003] To reduce dust concentration, water trucks are typically used to suppress dust on unexcavated surfaces before operations begin. However, this method cannot handle dust generated during the excavation process, resulting in low efficiency. Using water trucks requires additional manpower and equipment, increasing costs. Furthermore, the large volume of water sprayed by water trucks can lead to water accumulation, which may freeze in low temperatures, affecting operational safety and efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies in effectively controlling dust generated during excavation, which suffer from low efficiency, and the need for additional manpower and equipment investment when using water trucks (which increases costs), this invention provides a method for arranging a dust suppression spray system for excavators and the dust suppression device itself. The technical solution is as follows:

[0005] On the one hand, a method for arranging a dust suppression spray device on an excavator is provided, including:

[0006] Determine the required spray range for the bucket and its surroundings;

[0007] Determine the reference position for nozzle installation;

[0008] Based on the lateral and longitudinal lengths of the spray range, and combined with the effective spray area of ​​a single nozzle, calculate the number of nozzles per row in the lateral direction and the number of nozzles per column in the longitudinal direction.

[0009] Calculate the angle between the horizontal nozzle and the horizontal direction and the angle between the vertical nozzle and the vertical direction based on the distance from the highest point, lowest point and farthest point of the spray range to the nozzle installation position.

[0010] Install the nozzles according to the calculated number and angle, and control the nozzles to spray to form a water curtain covering the spray range.

[0011] Optionally, the calculation of the number of nozzles per row horizontally and the number of nozzles per column vertically includes:

[0012] The number of nozzles m in each horizontal row is the ratio of the horizontal spray range length a to the effective spray radius corresponding to the effective spray area S of a single nozzle;

[0013] The number of nozzles n in each longitudinal column is the ratio of the longitudinal spray range length b to the effective spray radius.

[0014] Optionally, calculating the angle between the transverse nozzle and the horizontal direction and the angle between the longitudinal nozzle and the vertical direction includes:

[0015] The angle α between the horizontal upper row of nozzles and the horizontal direction is determined by the tangent of the distance c from the highest point in the longitudinal direction of the spray range to the upper row of nozzles and the distance d from the farthest point in the lateral direction to the upper row of nozzles.

[0016] The angle β between the horizontal lower row of nozzles and the horizontal direction is determined by the tangent of the distance e from the lowest point in the longitudinal direction of the spray range to the lower row of nozzles and the distance f from the farthest point in the lateral direction to the lower row of nozzles.

[0017] The angle γ between the longitudinal nozzle and the vertical direction is determined by the tangent of the distance g from the furthest point in the longitudinal direction of the spray range to the nozzle and the distance h from the furthest point in the lateral direction to the nozzle.

[0018] Optionally, it also includes:

[0019] Real-time monitoring of dust concentration in the bucket operating area;

[0020] The spray pressure or droplet size of the nozzle is adjusted according to the dust concentration. When the dust concentration is higher than the threshold, the pressure is increased or the droplet size is decreased, and vice versa.

[0021] Optionally, installing the nozzles according to the calculated number and angle includes:

[0022] The horizontal nozzles are divided into two rows, one above the other, and the vertical nozzles are divided into two columns, one to the left and one to the right, so that the water curtains sprayed by each nozzle cross and cover the spray range, and the distance between adjacent nozzles is 0.8-1.2 times the effective spray radius of a single nozzle.

[0023] On the one hand, the present invention also provides a dust suppression spray device for open-pit coal mine excavators, comprising:

[0024] Range determination module for determining the required spray range of the bucket and its surroundings;

[0025] A calculation module connected to the range determination module is used to calculate the number of nozzles per row in the horizontal direction and the number of nozzles per column in the vertical direction based on the horizontal length, vertical length and effective spray area of ​​a single nozzle in the spray range.

[0026] An angle adjustment module connected to the calculation module is used to calculate and adjust the angle between the horizontal nozzle and the horizontal direction and the angle between the vertical nozzle and the vertical direction based on the distance from the highest point, lowest point and farthest point of the spray range to the nozzle installation position.

[0027] Multiple nozzles, installed in a calculated number and angle, are used to spray water to form a water curtain covering the spray range;

[0028] The control module is used to control the opening and closing of the nozzle assembly and the spray parameters.

[0029] Optionally, it also includes:

[0030] A water storage device, located above the excavator turntable;

[0031] A dust suppression spray device is mounted on a robotic arm and includes a housing and a water pipe. The housing is fixed circumferentially to the outside of the robotic arm, the water pipe is connected to a water storage device, and the nozzle is disposed at the end of the water pipe.

[0032] A water pipe bracket is rotatably mounted on the outer casing, and the water pipe is detachably mounted on the water pipe bracket.

[0033] Optionally, the water storage device includes a water storage tank, a water pump, a motor, and connecting pipes;

[0034] The motor is connected to the water pump and is used to provide power to the water pump. The motor is powered by the excavator engine, and the motor's control components are located in the excavator cab.

[0035] The water pump is fixed to one side of the water outlet of the water storage tank and is connected to the water pipe through a connecting pipe.

[0036] Optionally, it also includes:

[0037] A dust sensor is installed on the robotic arm near the bucket and connected to the control module to monitor the dust concentration in the work area and feed it back to the control module.

[0038] Optionally, the multiple nozzles are arranged in two horizontal rows and two vertical columns, with the nozzle diameter gradually decreasing along the water flow direction, and the spacing between adjacent nozzles being 0.8-1.2 times the effective spray radius of a single nozzle.

[0039] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:

[0040] The method provided in this invention solves the problem of dust suppression during the operation of open-pit coal mine excavators by designing the structure and placement of the spray dust suppression device. Simultaneously, the use of nozzles for spray dust suppression effectively cools the bucket, preventing hazards caused by dust diffusion and excessive bucket temperature during excavator operation. This method allows for simultaneous dust suppression during excavation, effectively handling the dust generated during the process. It requires no additional labor or equipment investment, reducing costs. Furthermore, the small volume of water sprayed prevents water accumulation, ensuring both operational safety and efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0041] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for arranging a dust suppression spray device on an excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dust suppression spray device for excavators provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure and nozzle arrangement of a spray dust suppression device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a horizontal nozzle tilt angle provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a longitudinal nozzle tilt angle provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a water storage device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the spray range size provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Figure label:

[0050] 1. Bucket; 2. Spray dust suppression device; 3. Robotic arm; 4. Connecting pipe; 5. Water storage device; 6. Excavator; 7. Cab; 8. Tracks; 9. Nozzle; 10. Water pipe; 11. Water pipe support; 12. Outer shell; 13. Motor; 14. Water pump; 15. Water storage tank. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The technical solution of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0052] In embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplarily," "for example," etc., are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" in the present invention should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the word "exemplary" is intended to present the concept in a concrete manner. Furthermore, in embodiments of the present invention, the meaning expressed by "and / or" can be both, or either one.

[0053] In this embodiment of the invention, sometimes a subscript such as W1 may be mistakenly written as a non-subscript form such as W1. When the difference is not emphasized, the meaning they express is the same.

[0054] To make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, a detailed description will be given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0055] This invention provides a method for arranging a dust suppression spray device on an excavator. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 The method includes:

[0056] 100. Determine the required spray range for bucket 1 and its surroundings.

[0057] This step can involve first defining the scope, and then adjusting it according to the working conditions.

[0058] Specifically, the spray range is defined from a three-dimensional spatial perspective. Laterally, based on the maximum working width of the bucket, it covers the left and right limits when the bucket is open and closed. For example, the bucket edge extends 0.5-1m to each side to accommodate the lateral boundaries of dust diffusion during excavation. Longitudinally, based on the vertical height of the bucket's operation, it covers the area from the highest point of bucket lifting to the lowest point of excavation. For example, the highest point could be the excavator's maximum working height, and the lowest point could be 0.3-0.8m below ground level, which can be adjusted according to site conditions. Radially, starting from the point of contact between the bucket and the excavated material, it extends outwards by 1.5-2.5m to cover the furthest area of ​​dust diffusion during material breakage and descent.

[0059] The spraying range is refined for different working conditions in open-pit coal mines. For example, when excavating hard rock, the dust particles generated by material crushing are finer and have a wider diffusion range, so the radial range of the spraying range can be extended by an additional 0.3-0.5m. When transferring materials, since the bucket is in a semi-empty state, the dust is easy to diffuse downwards, so the longitudinal range can be extended downwards to an area 1-1.2m below the bucket to ensure that there are no blind spots for dust diffusion.

[0060] By combining on-site testing with the assistance of dust monitoring instruments, the dust concentration at different locations was monitored in real time during simulated excavator operation. Areas with dust concentrations exceeding national standards (such as the total dust concentration ≤4mg / m³ in the "Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Dust Hazards in Coal Mine Workplaces") were included in the spray range to ensure the scientific validity of the range definition. This step provides a clear spatial boundary for subsequent calculation of the number of nozzles, angle adjustment, and determination of installation positions, avoiding excessive or insufficient nozzle placement due to ambiguous range.

[0061] By precisely covering the core areas where dust is generated and spread, the water curtain sprayed afterward can directly act on the dust source, reducing the spread of dust to the surrounding environment and improving dust suppression efficiency.

[0062] 200. Determine the installation reference position of nozzle 9.

[0063] Please see Figure 2 In this step, the excavator robotic arm 3 (boom or stick) can be selected as the installation carrier to avoid collision with the nozzle when the bucket is opened, closed or lifted; the longitudinal direction should avoid key components such as the robotic arm hydraulic lines and joints, and a flat and sufficiently strong area (such as the side reinforcement plate of the robotic arm) should be selected to ensure stable installation.

[0064] Using a fixed feature of the robotic arm 3 as the reference origin, such as the center of the connecting pin between the boom and the bucket, a three-dimensional coordinate system is established to determine the X (lateral), Y (longitudinal), and Z (radial) coordinates for nozzle installation. For example, with the center of the pin as the origin, the nozzle installation reference points are located 50cm laterally to the right, 30cm longitudinally upward, and 20cm radially outward, ensuring that all nozzles use the same reference point to avoid installation deviations.

[0065] If multiple rows and columns of nozzles are to be arranged, a reference array needs to be determined. For example, in the horizontal direction, the upper and lower rows are used as the reference, and the reference position of the upper row of nozzles is 15-20cm higher than that of the lower row to ensure that the water curtain sprayed by the upper and lower rows of nozzles is unobstructed. In the vertical direction, the left and right columns are used as the reference, and the reference positions of the left and right columns of nozzles are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the central axis of the robotic arm, with the spacing matching the horizontal width of the bucket to ensure uniform vertical coverage.

[0066] This step provides a unified installation reference standard to prevent excessive deviations in the installation positions of different nozzles due to the lack of a standard, ensuring that the water curtain accurately covers the preset range when spraying at the calculated angle. The reference array layout ensures that the water curtains sprayed by multiple nozzles overlap, forming a continuous and seamless dust suppression barrier, preventing gaps in the water curtain and dust leakage caused by a chaotic layout.

[0067] 300. Based on the horizontal and vertical lengths of the spray range, and combined with the effective spray area of ​​a single nozzle 9, calculate the number of nozzles 9 per horizontal row and the number of nozzles 9 per vertical column.

[0068] Please see Figures 3 to 5 The effective spray area S of a single nozzle can be determined according to the nozzle model. For example, the effective spray area of ​​a high-pressure atomizing nozzle with a flow rate of 5-10 L / min commonly used in open-pit coal mines is usually 8-15 m². Calculated based on a circular spray area, according to S=πr², the corresponding effective spray radius r is 1.6-2.2 m.

[0069] The spray range size is determined based on the lateral boundary distance defined in step 100. For example, the lateral length a is 5-8m and the longitudinal length b is 4-6m.

[0070] For example, the spray dust suppression device 2 has two rows of nozzles in the horizontal direction, with m nozzles in each row, and two columns of nozzles in the vertical direction, with n nozzles in each column;

[0071] The formula for calculating the number m of nozzles per row in the horizontal direction is:

[0072]

[0073] In the formula, m is the number of nozzles in each horizontal row.

[0074] 'a' represents the horizontal length of the spray area required for the operation.

[0075] S is the effective spray area of ​​one of the nozzles.

[0076] The formula for calculating the number n of nozzles in each vertical column is:

[0077]

[0078] In the formula, n is the number of nozzles in each vertical column.

[0079] b is the longitudinal length of the spray range required for the operation.

[0080] S is the effective spray area of ​​one of the nozzles.

[0081] Of course, there are other calculation methods, such as:

[0082] The number of nozzles per row horizontally, m, is calculated as "horizontal length a ÷ (2r × overlap coefficient)". The overlap coefficient is 0.8-1.2 (to ensure that the overlapping rate of the spraying area of ​​adjacent nozzles is 30%-50% and to avoid gaps). For example, when a=6m, r=2m and the overlap coefficient is 1.0, m=6÷(2×2×1.0)=1.5, which is rounded up to 2, that is, 2 nozzles are installed in each row horizontally.

[0083] The number of nozzles per column in the longitudinal direction, n, is calculated as "longitudinal length b ÷ (2r × overlap coefficient)". For example, when b = 5m, r = 2m, and overlap coefficient 1.0, n = 5 ÷ (2 × 2 × 1.0) = 1.25, which is rounded up to 2, meaning that 2 nozzles are installed in each column in the longitudinal direction.

[0084] By precisely calculating the minimum number of nozzles, we can ensure complete coverage while avoiding the waste of equipment costs and energy caused by excessive nozzles. Combined with overlap coefficient calculations, we ensure that the spray areas of adjacent nozzles overlap to form a continuous water curtain, preventing dust leakage due to gaps in coverage caused by insufficient nozzle numbers.

[0085] 400. Based on the distances from the highest, lowest, and farthest points of the spray range to the installation position of the nozzle 9, calculate the angle between the horizontal nozzle 9 and the horizontal direction and the angle between the vertical nozzle 9 and the vertical direction.

[0086] Please see Figures 3 to 5 Measure the critical distance: Using the nozzle installation reference position determined in step 200 as the origin, measure the distance using a laser rangefinder.

[0087] Lateral related distances: the vertical distance c (e.g., 2.5m) from the highest point in the spray range to the upper row of nozzles, and the horizontal distance d (e.g., 3m) from the farthest point in the lateral direction to the upper row of nozzles; the vertical distance e (e.g., 1.8m) from the lowest point in the spray range to the lower row of nozzles, and the horizontal distance f (e.g., 3m) from the farthest point in the lateral direction to the lower row of nozzles.

[0088] Longitudinal related distances: the vertical distance g (e.g., 2.2m) from the farthest point in the spray range to the nozzle, and the horizontal distance h (e.g., 2.8m) from the farthest point in the lateral direction to the nozzle.

[0089] For example, the horizontal two rows of nozzles of the spray dust suppression device 2 have angles of α and β with the horizontal direction, respectively, and the vertical two rows of nozzles have angles of γ with the vertical direction;

[0090] The formula for calculating the angle α between the horizontal upper row of nozzles and the horizontal direction is:

[0091]

[0092] In the formula, α is the angle between the horizontal upper row of nozzles and the horizontal direction.

[0093] c is the distance from the highest point in the longitudinal direction of the required spray range to the height of the upper nozzle.

[0094] d is the distance from the furthest point in the horizontal direction of the required spray range to the location of the upper row of nozzles.

[0095] The formula for calculating the angle β between the horizontal lower nozzle and the horizontal direction is:

[0096]

[0097] In the formula, β is the angle between the horizontal lower nozzle and the horizontal direction.

[0098] e is the distance from the lowest point in the longitudinal direction of the required spray range to the height of the lower nozzle.

[0099] f is the distance from the furthest point in the horizontal direction of the required spray range to the location of the lower nozzle.

[0100] The formula for calculating the angle γ between the horizontal upper nozzle and the horizontal direction is:

[0101]

[0102] In the formula, γ is the angle between the longitudinal nozzle and the vertical direction.

[0103] g is the distance from the furthest point in the longitudinal direction of the required spray range to the location of the nozzle.

[0104] h is the distance from the furthest point in the horizontal direction of the required spray range to the location of the nozzle.

[0105] Of course, there are other calculation methods, which will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0106] By calculating the angle, the spray direction of each nozzle is ensured to point towards the key locations within the spray range (highest point, lowest point, and farthest point), guaranteeing that the water curtain completely covers the preset area and preventing water curtain deviation due to angular misalignment. Precise angles also prevent the water curtain from spraying into non-dust-suppressing areas, reducing water waste.

[0107] Matching the nozzle tilt angle to the dust diffusion direction allows the droplets to collide more directly with the dust, improving the binding efficiency of the droplets and dust, and thus enhancing the dust suppression effect.

[0108] 500. Install the nozzles 9 according to the calculated number and angle, and control the nozzles 9 to spray to form a water curtain covering the spray area.

[0109] A detachable water pipe bracket 11 can be used to fix the nozzle 9 in a preset reference position. The water pipe bracket 11 can be a snap-on bracket. The water pipe bracket 11 is connected to the robotic arm 3 by bolts to prevent the nozzle from loosening due to operational vibration. The nozzle and water pipe 10 are connected by threads and sealed with PTFE tape to prevent water leakage.

[0110] During installation, use an angle meter to monitor the nozzle angle in real time to ensure that the angles of the upper and lower horizontal nozzles are consistent with the calculated α and β, respectively, and the angles of the vertical nozzles are consistent with γ, with the deviation controlled within ±1°.

[0111] Injection control strategy:

[0112] Opening and closing control: The nozzles 9 are opened and closed synchronously through the control module of the control components (such as buttons and knobs) in the excavator cab 7. When the bucket 1 starts digging, the control module receives the operation signal (such as the pressure signal of the excavator hydraulic system) and automatically opens the nozzles; when the bucket stops working (such as when it is idling), the nozzles are closed after a delay of 5-10 seconds to avoid the spread of residual dust.

[0113] Furthermore, by combining the concentration data fed back by the dust sensor, the injection pressure and droplet size can be adjusted to ensure a balance between dust reduction effect and energy consumption.

[0114] Specifically, nozzle 9 can spray mist, using mist dust suppression technology. By combining atomized water droplets with dust, it can efficiently settle dust, solve dust problems at the source, save resources, and adapt to different working conditions.

[0115] During excavator 6 operation, the mechanical arm 3 drives the bucket 1 to dig, generating a large amount of dust. The water mist sprayed from the nozzles 9 of the dust suppression spray device 2 can efficiently settle the dust raised near the bucket 1 through water droplets, reducing dust concentration and environmental pollution. Mounting the dust suppression spray device 2 on the excavator 6 solves the existing problem of dust suppression during excavator operation at its source. Compared to existing methods such as using water trucks or manual watering for pre-spraying, this invention eliminates the need for additional manpower or equipment for water spraying, saving costs while effectively streamlining the construction process and improving work efficiency. Furthermore, the excavator's dust suppression spray device can be switched on and off according to actual operating conditions, resulting in more efficient dust suppression and greater resource conservation.

[0116] The method provided in this invention solves the problem of dust suppression during the operation of an open-pit coal mine excavator 6 by designing the structure and placement of the spray dust suppression device 2. Simultaneously, the use of nozzles 9 for spray dust suppression effectively cools the bucket 1, preventing hazards caused by dust diffusion and excessively high bucket 1 temperatures during excavator operation. This method allows for simultaneous dust suppression during excavation, effectively treating dust generated during the process. It requires no additional labor or equipment investment, reducing costs. Furthermore, the small volume of water sprayed prevents water accumulation, ensuring both operational safety and efficiency.

[0117] In one embodiment of the present invention, step 300, calculating the number of nozzles 9 per row horizontally and the number of nozzles 9 per column vertically, includes:

[0118] The number m of nozzles 9 in each horizontal row is the ratio of the horizontal spray range length a to the effective spray radius corresponding to the effective spray area S of a single nozzle 9; the number n of nozzles 9 in each vertical column is the ratio of the vertical spray range length b to the effective spray radius.

[0119] The effective spray area S of a single nozzle can be determined according to the nozzle model. For example, the effective spray area of ​​a high-pressure atomizing nozzle with a flow rate of 5-10 L / min commonly used in open-pit coal mines is usually 8-15 m². Calculated based on a circular spray area, according to S=πr², the corresponding effective spray radius r is 1.6-2.2 m.

[0120] The spray range size is determined based on the lateral boundary distance defined in step 100. For example, the lateral length a is 5-8m and the longitudinal length b is 4-6m.

[0121] Specifically, the spray dust suppression device 2 has two rows of nozzles in the horizontal direction, with m nozzles in each row, and two columns of nozzles in the vertical direction, with n nozzles in each column;

[0122] The formula for calculating the number of nozzles (m) in each horizontal row is:

[0123]

[0124] In the formula, m is the number of nozzles in each horizontal row.

[0125] 'a' represents the horizontal length of the spray area required for the operation.

[0126] S is the effective spray area of ​​a nozzle.

[0127] The formula for calculating the number of nozzles n in each vertical column is:

[0128]

[0129] In the formula, n is the number of nozzles in each vertical column.

[0130] b is the longitudinal length of the spray range required for the operation.

[0131] S represents the effective spray area of ​​a nozzle.

[0132] By precisely calculating the minimum number of nozzles, we can ensure complete coverage while avoiding the waste of equipment costs and energy caused by excessive nozzles. Combined with overlap coefficient calculations, we ensure that the spray areas of adjacent nozzles overlap to form a continuous water curtain, preventing dust leakage due to gaps in coverage caused by insufficient nozzle numbers.

[0133] In one embodiment of the present invention, step 400, calculating the angle between the transverse nozzle 9 and the horizontal direction and the angle between the longitudinal nozzle 9 and the vertical direction, includes:

[0134] The angle α between the horizontal upper row of nozzles 9 and the horizontal direction is determined by the tangent of the distance c from the highest point in the longitudinal direction of the spray range to the upper row of nozzles 9 and the distance d from the farthest point in the lateral direction to the upper row of nozzles 9.

[0135] The angle β between the horizontal lower row nozzle 9 and the horizontal direction is determined by the tangent of the distance e from the lowest point in the longitudinal direction of the spray range to the lower row nozzle 9 and the distance f from the farthest point in the lateral direction to the lower row nozzle 9.

[0136] The angle γ between the longitudinal nozzle 9 and the vertical direction is determined by the tangent of the distance g from the furthest point in the longitudinal direction of the spray range to the nozzle 9 and the distance h from the furthest point in the lateral direction to the nozzle 9.

[0137] For example, the horizontal two rows of nozzles in the spray dust suppression device 2 have angles α and β with the horizontal direction, respectively, and the vertical two rows of nozzles have angles γ with the vertical direction;

[0138] The formula for calculating the angle α between the horizontal upper row of nozzles and the horizontal direction is:

[0139]

[0140] In the formula, α is the angle between the horizontal upper row of nozzles and the horizontal direction.

[0141] c is the distance from the highest point in the longitudinal direction of the required spray range to the height of the upper nozzle.

[0142] d is the distance from the furthest point in the horizontal direction of the required spray range to the location of the upper row of nozzles.

[0143] The formula for calculating the angle β between the horizontal lower nozzle and the horizontal direction is:

[0144]

[0145] In the formula, β is the angle between the horizontal lower nozzle and the horizontal direction.

[0146] e is the distance from the lowest point in the longitudinal direction of the required spray range to the height of the lower nozzle.

[0147] f is the distance from the furthest point in the horizontal direction of the required spray range to the location of the lower nozzle.

[0148] The formula for calculating the angle γ between the horizontal upper row of nozzles and the horizontal direction is:

[0149]

[0150] In the formula, γ is the angle between the longitudinal nozzle and the vertical direction.

[0151] g is the distance from the furthest point in the longitudinal direction of the required spray range to the location of the nozzle.

[0152] h is the distance from the furthest point in the horizontal direction of the required spray range to the location of the nozzle.

[0153] In one embodiment of the present invention, it further includes:

[0154] Real-time monitoring of dust concentration in the bucket 1 working area;

[0155] Adjust the spray pressure or droplet size of nozzle 9 according to the dust concentration. When the dust concentration is higher than the threshold, increase the pressure or decrease the droplet size, and vice versa.

[0156] Specifically, the dust sensor can be installed on the robotic arm 3 near the bucket boom (1.5-2m away from the bucket) to monitor the dust source concentration when the bucket is crushing and scooping materials.

[0157] The spray pressure is adjusted by regulating the speed of the motor 13 of the water pump 14 (increasing the speed to increase the water supply pressure when the concentration is high; decreasing the speed when the concentration is low). The droplet size is adjusted by changing the nozzle orifice diameter of the nozzle 9 (detachable nozzle design, orifice diameter 0.5-1.2mm, smaller orifice diameter results in finer droplets) or by adjusting the built-in throttling valve of the nozzle. The former is suitable for fixed operating conditions, while the latter is suitable for scenarios with frequent concentration fluctuations. The nozzle 9 can support real-time throttling adjustment. For example, the nozzle 9 has a built-in throttling valve, and the valve opening is adjusted via a control module output signal, supporting real-time throttling adjustment.

[0158] This embodiment achieves real-time matching of parameters and concentration through dynamic adjustment, thereby improving dust reduction efficiency and reducing energy consumption.

[0159] In one embodiment of the present invention, installing the nozzles 9 according to the calculated number and angle of the nozzles 9 includes:

[0160] The horizontal nozzles 9 are divided into two rows, one above the other, and the vertical nozzles 9 are divided into two columns, one to the left and one to the right, so that the water curtains sprayed by each nozzle 9 cross and cover the spray range, and the distance between adjacent nozzles 9 is 0.8-1.2 times the effective spray radius of a single nozzle 9.

[0161] Install nozzles according to the calculated quantity (two rows horizontally and two columns vertically) and angle (upper row tilted upwards, lower row tilted downwards, and left and right columns tilted outwards), so that the spacing between adjacent nozzles is controlled at 0.8-1.2 times the effective spray radius of a single nozzle, forming a three-dimensional water curtain grid that intersects horizontally and vertically, covering the entire area of ​​the excavator bucket operation.

[0162] The three-dimensional cross water curtain wraps around the dust generation and diffusion area, avoiding the coverage gaps of traditional single-row or single-column nozzles and eliminating dust suppression blind spots; the droplet density in the cross area is higher, enhancing the dust capture ability and improving dust suppression efficiency; the spacing can be adjusted according to the wind speed, reducing the number of nozzles and lowering costs while ensuring effectiveness.

[0163] This invention also provides a dust suppression spray device for open-pit coal mine excavators; please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 2 to 7 ,include:

[0164] The range determination module is used to determine the required spray range of bucket 1 and its surroundings. It is used to delineate the core area where dust is generated and diffused in and around the bucket, and to clarify the spatial boundaries that the water curtain needs to cover. This provides a basis for subsequent nozzle placement and avoids over- or under-coverage.

[0165] The calculation module, connected to the range determination module, is used to calculate the number of nozzles 9 per row in the horizontal direction and the number of nozzles 9 per column in the vertical direction based on the horizontal length, vertical length and effective spray area of ​​a single nozzle 9, to ensure that the number of nozzles is appropriate for the coverage range and to balance the dust reduction effect with the cost.

[0166] The angle adjustment module, connected to the calculation module, calculates and adjusts the angles between the horizontal nozzle 9 and the horizontal direction, and the angles between the vertical nozzle 9 and the vertical direction, based on the distances from the highest, lowest, and farthest points of the spray range to the nozzle installation position. It calculates and adjusts the nozzle angles (horizontal and horizontal angles, and vertical and vertical angles) based on the distances from key points (highest, lowest, and farthest points) of the spray range to the nozzle installation position, ensuring that the nozzles accurately point towards the coverage area.

[0167] Multiple nozzles 9 are installed according to a calculated number and angle to spray water to form a water curtain covering the spray area. Installed according to the calculated number and angle, these nozzles are the actuators for water curtain spraying, forming a three-dimensional water curtain covering the spray area by spraying water mist, directly capturing and settling dust.

[0168] The control module controls the opening and closing of the nine nozzle groups and their spray parameters. By controlling the opening / closing of the nozzle groups and adjusting parameters such as spray pressure and droplet size, dust suppression can be achieved on demand, adapting to different dust concentration scenarios.

[0169] The scope determination module first defines the dust coverage area of ​​the bucket operation; the calculation module calculates the required number of nozzles based on the scope size and the nozzle spray area; the angle adjustment module adjusts the nozzle angle based on the distance of key points in the scope; the control module controls the nozzles to spray at the set number and angle according to the operation requirements or dust concentration, forming a three-dimensional water curtain, realizing the precise capture and settling of dust in the bucket operation area, and achieving the purpose of dust suppression.

[0170] Please see Figure 6In one embodiment of the present invention, the device further includes: a water storage device 5 located above the turntable of the excavator 6; a dust suppression spray device 2 mounted on the robotic arm 3, comprising a housing 12 and a water pipe 10, the housing 12 being fixed circumferentially to the outside of the robotic arm 3, the water pipe 10 being connected to the water storage device 5, and a nozzle 9 being disposed at the end of the water pipe 10; and a water pipe support 11 rotatably mounted on the housing 12, the water pipe 10 being detachably mounted on the water pipe support 11.

[0171] The water storage device 5 is fixed above the turntable of the excavator 6, utilizing the turntable space without affecting the excavator's core operations such as rotation and lifting. During installation, it can be fixed with a shock-absorbing bracket to reduce damage to the water storage device from operational vibrations. The water storage device 5 can provide a continuous and stable water flow for spray dust suppression; it avoids dependence on external water sources, allowing the device to move with the excavator and adapt to the large-scale, mobile operation scenarios of open-pit coal mines.

[0172] The outer shell 12 of the spray dust suppression device 2 can be made of metal and its shape matches the shape of the robotic arm 3. It is fixed circumferentially along the outer side of the robotic arm 3 to provide a fixed base for the water pipe 10 and the water pipe support 11, while protecting the internal components from the impact of gravel and the corrosion of dust.

[0173] Water pipe 10 is a high-pressure hose adapted to the spray pressure requirements. It is used to deliver water to the nozzle and can be adjusted in position with the bracket to ensure that the nozzle is aligned with the spray range.

[0174] Nozzle 9, serving as the spray execution end, is installed at the end of water pipe 10. Arranged according to the previously calculated number (horizontal vertical rows, vertical left and right columns) and angle, it can spray atomized water curtain. Its function is to convert water flow into mist droplets, which directly collide and combine with dust to achieve dust suppression.

[0175] The water pipe bracket 11 adopts a rotatable structure (such as being connected to the housing 12 via a bearing). The bracket is equipped with a buckle or slot, and the water pipe 10 can be detachably clipped onto the bracket. Some brackets have an angle locking knob, which can be adjusted to fix the angle. Its functions are: first, to support the water pipe 10 and prevent it from shifting due to its own weight or operational vibration; second, to adjust the angle of the nozzle 9 by rotating it, which is convenient for calibrating the spray direction during installation and can also be fine-tuned later according to working conditions; and third, the detachable design facilitates the maintenance and replacement of the water pipe and nozzle.

[0176] The water storage device 5 pressurizes the water with a water pump and then delivers it to the water pipe 10 on the robotic arm 3. With the support and angle adjustment of the water pipe bracket 11, the water pipe 10 guides the water flow to the nozzle 9 at the end. The nozzle 9 sprays a mist water curtain at a preset angle to cover the dust in the working area of ​​the bucket 1. The outer shell 12 protects the water pipe 10, water pipe bracket 11 and other components throughout the process to ensure stable operation in the harsh working environment of the open-pit coal mine, and finally forms a complete dust suppression process of "water supply - water flow transportation - mist spray".

[0177] In one embodiment of the present invention, the water storage device 5 includes a water storage tank 15, a water pump 14, a motor 13, and a connecting pipe 4; the motor 13 is connected to the water pump 14 and is used to provide power to the water pump 14. The motor 13 is powered by the engine of the excavator 6, and the control unit of the motor 13 is located in the cab 7 of the excavator 6; the water pump 14 is fixed to one side of the outlet of the water storage tank 15 and is connected to the water pipe 10 through the connecting pipe 4.

[0178] The top of the water storage tank 15 is equipped with a water inlet, which can be sealed with a cap to prevent dust from falling in and contaminating the water source. The bottom is equipped with a water outlet for connecting to the water inlet of the water pump 14. Some tanks also have built-in filters to filter impurities in the water and prevent clogging of the water pump and nozzles.

[0179] The water storage tank 15 can provide a continuous water supply for dust suppression spraying, avoiding the excavator's reliance on external fixed water sources and meeting the needs of mobile operations in open-pit coal mines (such as frequent switching of excavation points); at the same time, through a sealed design and built-in filtration, it ensures the cleanliness of the water source and reduces equipment failure.

[0180] The water pump 14 can be a high-pressure micro centrifugal pump. Its inlet is connected to the outlet at the bottom of the water storage tank 15 via a pipe, and its outlet is connected to the water pipe 10 via a connecting pipe 4. The pump body is rigidly connected to the output shaft of the motor 13, for example, by a coupling. The water pump 14 is used to pressurize the atmospheric water in the water storage tank 15 to form a high-pressure water flow that meets the atomization requirements—only when the water pressure reaches 0.5 MPa or higher can the nozzle 9 convert the water flow into 50-200 μm droplets (fine droplets have higher dust capture efficiency). It is the key power component for realizing the "water flow → atomized water curtain" process.

[0181] Motor 13 can be a DC motor, connected to the generator or battery of the excavator 6 engine via wires, directly powered by the engine, avoiding the need for an additional independent power supply, reducing cost and installation complexity. The control components of motor 13 (such as knobs and buttons) are integrated on the operation panel of the excavator cab 7, linked with the control module. Motor 13 provides power to water pump 14, that is, when the motor is running, it drives the water pump impeller to rotate, realizing the intake and pressurization of water flow; at the same time, the operator can directly control the start and stop of the motor and its speed (the higher the speed, the greater the water pump output pressure) from inside the cab 7, thereby adjusting the spray pressure to adapt to different dust concentration scenarios (e.g., when the dust concentration is high, the motor speed is increased to increase the pressure).

[0182] Both ends of the connecting pipe 4 can be equipped with quick connectors (such as snap-fit ​​connectors). One end connects to the water outlet of the water pump 14, and the other end connects to the water pipe 10 on the robotic arm 3. The connecting pipe 4 serves as a high-pressure water flow delivery channel, stably delivering the water pressurized by the water pump to the nozzle 9. At the same time, the quick connector design facilitates later pipe maintenance (such as quick disassembly and replacement in case of pipe damage), and the protective sleeve extends the service life of the pipe.

[0183] The driver operates the control unit of motor 13 in the cab 7. Motor 13 is powered by the excavator engine and starts to drive water pump 14. Water pump 14 draws water from water storage tank 15. After being pressurized by the rotation of the impeller, the high-pressure water is delivered to water pipe 10 of robotic arm 3 through connecting pipe 4. Finally, the high-pressure water reaches nozzle 9 through water pipe 10 and is atomized into a water curtain to cover the working area, forming a complete power and water flow transmission link of "cab control → motor power supply → water pump pressurization → pipeline water delivery", ensuring the stable operation of spray dust suppression.

[0184] In one embodiment of the present invention, a dust sensor is also included. The dust sensor is installed on the robotic arm 3 near the bucket 1 and connected to the control module. It is used to monitor the dust concentration in the working area and feed it back to the control module.

[0185] Dust sensors are installed in key areas around the excavator bucket (such as dust sources and the driver's breathing zone). They use technologies such as laser scattering to detect the dust concentration in the work area in real time, convert the concentration data into electrical signals, and transmit them to the control module via wired or wireless means. The control module compares the data with preset concentration thresholds to provide a basis for adjusting the nozzle spray parameters (pressure, particle size) in the future.

[0186] Dust sensors can detect dust in real time, replacing manual judgment, accurately quantifying dust concentration, and avoiding indiscriminate dust suppression. They provide data support for the control module, enabling dynamic adaptation: "strengthening dust suppression when concentration is high, and reducing energy consumption when concentration is low." Furthermore, they can monitor the concentration around the driver to ensure compliance with safety standards and reduce the risk of pneumoconiosis.

[0187] In one embodiment of the present invention, multiple nozzles 9 are arranged in two horizontal rows and two vertical columns. The nozzle diameter of the nozzle 9 gradually decreases along the water flow direction, and the spacing between adjacent nozzles 9 is 0.8-1.2 times the effective spray radius of a single nozzle 9.

[0188] The nozzles 9 are arranged in two horizontal rows and two vertical columns, with the nozzle diameter gradually decreasing along the water flow direction (forming a tapered structure). Combined with the spacing between adjacent nozzles being controlled at 0.8-1.2 times the effective spray radius of a single nozzle, the water flow is accelerated and atomized when passing through the tapered nozzles, forming fine droplets. The water curtains sprayed by the upper and lower rows and the left and right columns of nozzles cross and cover each other. Through reasonable spacing design, no blind spots are ensured, and finally a three-dimensional and closed dust-suppressing water curtain network is formed.

[0189] This design, with its tapered nozzles, increases water flow velocity and produces finer droplets (50-100μm), improving dust collision and capture efficiency and enhancing atomization. The combination of a cross-layout and appropriate spacing ensures the bucket's operating area (including the top, bottom, left, and right edges) is completely enveloped by the water curtain, eliminating dust suppression dead zones. The spacing can be fine-tuned according to wind speed (reducing the spacing to enhance overlap in strong winds), ensuring effective dust suppression while avoiding energy waste caused by an excessive number of nozzles.

[0190] It should be noted that the excavator 6 is equipped with a robotic arm 3, and the robotic arm 3 is equipped with a bucket 1. Specifically, the excavator 6 includes: tracks 8, which are used to stably support the vehicle body and enable the machine to move; a cab 7, which is used to control the excavator to perform forward, backward, turning and digging actions, and is also responsible for monitoring the working status such as vehicle speed, hydraulic oil temperature, and engine water temperature; and the robotic arm 3, which is used to perform extension, rotation and other actions as needed for the work.

[0191] Furthermore, the spray dust suppression device 2 is equipped with maintenance and replacement functions. After the fixed structure is removed, it can be moved freely and its parts can be maintained or replaced.

[0192] Furthermore, the spray dust suppression device 2 is equipped with a shut-off function, which can be closed to protect the internal devices after operation stops, avoiding damage caused by the natural environment and extending service life.

[0193] Furthermore, the spray dust suppression device 2 is equipped with a heat preservation function. For the water storage device 5 and the connecting pipe 4, measures such as electric heating or covering with heat preservation cotton can be used to prevent the device from malfunctioning or being damaged due to low working environment temperature.

[0194] Furthermore, the connecting pipe 4 can be replaced with a metal flexible hose depending on the working environment, so as to avoid the wear and damage to the connecting pipe 4 itself caused by low temperature, friction, collision and other factors in the working environment.

[0195] Furthermore, the water storage device 5 needs to be insulated, waterproofed, and protected against collisions.

[0196] Furthermore, the water storage tank 15 is equipped with a display and capacity adjustment function, which can be equipped with an appropriate volume of water according to the needs of working hours, working environment and other factors.

[0197] Furthermore, the nozzle 9 can be freely rotated, installed, and removed. Different nozzle 9 installation schemes can be selected according to different working conditions to save costs while meeting the most basic water spraying needs.

[0198] Furthermore, the motor 13 can be directly commanded through the control panel inside the cab 7 to change different output gears or adjust the output power, thereby achieving intelligent control of water spray rate and spray time.

[0199] The working principle of this device is as follows:

[0200] Before excavator 6 starts working, a certain volume of water is injected through the inlet of water storage tank 15, and then the inlet is closed. Inside the cab 7, the dust suppression spray device 2 is activated. The dust suppression spray device 2 contains a water pump 14 and a motor 13. The motor 13 drives the water pump 14 to draw water from the outlet of water storage tank 15 and pressurize it to a certain pressure. This pressure is then transported to water pipe 10 through connecting pipe 4. The high-pressure water flow is dispersed inside water pipe 10 into horizontal and vertical nozzles 9. The sprayed water mist forms an octagonal water curtain that covers a certain area around the bucket 1. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 7 .

[0201] During excavator 6 operation, the mechanical arm 3 drives the bucket 1 to dig, generating a large amount of dust. The water mist sprayed from the nozzles 9 of the dust suppression spray device 2 can efficiently settle the dust raised near the bucket 1 through water droplets, reducing dust concentration and environmental pollution. Mounting the dust suppression spray device 2 on the excavator 6 solves the existing problem of dust suppression during excavator operation at its source. Compared to existing methods such as using water trucks or manual watering for pre-spraying, this invention eliminates the need for additional manpower or equipment for water spraying, saving costs while effectively streamlining the construction process and improving work efficiency. Furthermore, the excavator's dust suppression spray device can be switched on and off according to actual operating conditions, resulting in more efficient dust suppression and greater resource conservation.

[0202] The open-pit coal mine dust suppression spray device 2 is mounted on the excavator 6, which can solve the existing problem of dust suppression during excavator operation from the source. Compared with existing measures that rely on water trucks or manual watering for dust suppression in advance, this invention does not require additional manpower or equipment for water spraying, saving costs while effectively simplifying the construction process and improving work efficiency. In addition, the dust suppression spray device 2 can be turned on and off according to the actual situation during operation, making dust suppression more efficient and saving more resources.

[0203] When it is necessary to adjust the spray dust suppression device 2 according to the dust concentration in the working environment, the output power of the motor 13 can be changed by controlling the motor 13, thereby changing the spray rate and droplet size of the spray dust suppression device 2, so as to reduce energy consumption while meeting the dust suppression efficiency.

[0204] When the spray dust suppression device 2 needs to be replaced or repaired, the connection can be disconnected by removing the fixing device, and some components can be maintained or replaced, which can improve work efficiency and reduce costs.

[0205] It should be understood that the term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. A and B can be singular or plural. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates an "or" relationship between the preceding and following related objects, but it can also represent an "and / or" relationship. Please refer to the context for a more accurate understanding.

[0206] In this invention, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item or a plurality of items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be a single item or multiple items.

[0207] It should be understood that, in various embodiments of the present invention, the order of the above-mentioned process numbers does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0208] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for arranging a dust suppression spray device on an excavator, characterized in that, include: Determine the required spray range for the bucket and its surroundings; Determine the reference position for nozzle installation; Based on the lateral and longitudinal lengths of the spray range, and combined with the effective spray area of ​​a single nozzle, calculate the number of nozzles per row in the lateral direction and the number of nozzles per column in the longitudinal direction. Calculate the angle between the horizontal nozzle and the horizontal direction and the angle between the vertical nozzle and the vertical direction based on the distance from the highest point, lowest point and farthest point of the spray range to the nozzle installation position. Install the nozzles according to the calculated number and angle, and control the nozzles to spray to form a water curtain covering the spray range.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the number of nozzles per row horizontally and per column vertically includes: The number of nozzles m in each horizontal row is the ratio of the horizontal spray range length a to the effective spray radius corresponding to the effective spray area S of a single nozzle; The number of nozzles n in each longitudinal column is the ratio of the longitudinal spray range length b to the effective spray radius.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the angle between the transverse nozzle and the horizontal direction and the angle between the longitudinal nozzle and the vertical direction includes: The angle α between the horizontal upper row of nozzles and the horizontal direction is determined by the tangent of the distance c from the highest point in the longitudinal direction of the spray range to the upper row of nozzles and the distance d from the farthest point in the lateral direction to the upper row of nozzles. The angle β between the horizontal lower row of nozzles and the horizontal direction is determined by the tangent of the distance e from the lowest point in the longitudinal direction of the spray range to the lower row of nozzles and the distance f from the farthest point in the lateral direction to the lower row of nozzles. The angle γ between the longitudinal nozzle and the vertical direction is determined by the tangent of the distance g from the furthest point in the longitudinal direction of the spray range to the nozzle and the distance h from the furthest point in the lateral direction to the nozzle.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Real-time monitoring of dust concentration in the bucket operating area; The spray pressure or droplet size of the nozzle is adjusted according to the dust concentration. When the dust concentration is higher than the threshold, the pressure is increased or the droplet size is decreased, and vice versa.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The installation of the nozzles according to the calculated number and angle of nozzles includes: The horizontal nozzles are divided into two rows, one above the other, and the vertical nozzles are divided into two columns, one to the left and one to the right, so that the water curtains sprayed by each nozzle cross and cover the spray range, and the distance between adjacent nozzles is 0.8-1.2 times the effective spray radius of a single nozzle.

6. A dust suppression spray device for open-pit coal mine excavators, characterized in that, include: Range determination module for determining the required spray range of the bucket and its surroundings; A calculation module connected to the range determination module is used to calculate the number of nozzles per row in the horizontal direction and the number of nozzles per column in the vertical direction based on the horizontal length, vertical length and effective spray area of ​​a single nozzle in the spray range. An angle adjustment module connected to the calculation module is used to calculate and adjust the angle between the horizontal nozzle and the horizontal direction and the angle between the vertical nozzle and the vertical direction based on the distance from the highest point, lowest point and farthest point of the spray range to the nozzle installation position. Multiple nozzles, installed in a calculated number and angle, are used to spray water to form a water curtain covering the spray range; The control module is used to control the opening and closing of the nozzle assembly and the spray parameters.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: A water storage device, located above the excavator turntable; A dust suppression spray device is mounted on a robotic arm and includes a housing and a water pipe. The housing is fixed circumferentially to the outside of the robotic arm, the water pipe is connected to a water storage device, and the nozzle is disposed at the end of the water pipe. A water pipe bracket is rotatably mounted on the outer casing, and the water pipe is detachably mounted on the water pipe bracket.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The water storage device includes a water storage tank, a water pump, a motor, and connecting pipes; The motor is connected to the water pump and is used to provide power to the water pump. The motor is powered by the excavator engine, and the motor's control components are located in the excavator cab. The water pump is fixed to one side of the water outlet of the water storage tank and is connected to the water pipe through a connecting pipe.

9. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: A dust sensor is installed on the robotic arm near the bucket and connected to the control module to monitor the dust concentration in the work area and feed it back to the control module.

10. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The multiple nozzles are arranged in two horizontal rows and two vertical columns. The nozzle diameter gradually decreases along the water flow direction, and the distance between adjacent nozzles is 0.8-1.2 times the effective spray radius of a single nozzle.

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