A method, system, and medium for overvoltage transient suppression in an automotive alternator rectifier

Abstract

The application provides a kind of automobile generator rectifier overvoltage transient suppression method, system and medium, it is related to rectifier technical field, wherein, the method includes: by transient data acquisition equipment to automobile generator is dynamically persistent data acquisition, obtains output voltage waveform;Introduce throw load identification mechanism to the output voltage waveform is identified and analyzed, obtains real-time throw load event;Active protection circuit is triggered based on the real-time throw load event, and real-time protection control decision is generated;According to the real-time protection control decision, transient suppression is carried out to rectifier.Solve the technical problems that the response speed of overvoltage protection of automobile generator rectifier in the prior art is slow, the protection precision is low, and the overvoltage transient cannot be effectively suppressed.The technical effects of accurate identification response overvoltage event, improve the timeliness and effectiveness of automobile generator rectifier overvoltage transient suppression are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rectifier technology, specifically to a method, system, and medium for suppressing overvoltage transients in an automotive generator rectifier. Background Technology

[0002] The automotive alternator rectifier is a key component of the automotive electrical system, primarily converting the alternating current (AC) generated by the alternator into direct current (DC) to charge the vehicle's battery and power onboard electrical equipment, maintaining the vehicle's normal starting and power needs under various operating conditions. However, in real-world scenarios, automotive alternator rectifiers are prone to overvoltage transients. These overvoltage transients are usually caused by sudden changes in alternator load, such as load shedding events, or grid fluctuations, which can damage the rectifier and consequently affect the stability of the entire vehicle's electrical system. While some alternator systems incorporating overvoltage protection strategies exist, these strategies often suffer from insufficient response speed, inadequate protection accuracy, and an inability to effectively suppress overvoltage transients, leading to increased equipment damage and failure risks.

[0003] Existing technologies for overvoltage protection of automotive alternators and rectifiers suffer from technical problems such as slow response speed, low protection accuracy, and inability to effectively suppress overvoltage transients. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a method, system, and medium for suppressing overvoltage transients in automotive alternator rectifiers, which addresses the technical problems of slow response speed, low protection accuracy, and inability to effectively suppress overvoltage transients in existing automotive alternator rectifier overvoltage protection technologies.

[0005] In view of the above problems, this application provides a method, system and medium for suppressing overvoltage transients in automotive generator rectifiers.

[0006] The first aspect of this application provides a method for suppressing overvoltage transients in an automotive alternator rectifier. The method includes: continuously acquiring dynamic data from the automotive alternator using a transient data acquisition device to obtain an output voltage waveform; introducing a load dump identification mechanism to identify and analyze the output voltage waveform to obtain a real-time load dump event; triggering an active protection circuit based on the real-time load dump event and generating a real-time protection control decision; and suppressing transients in the rectifier according to the real-time protection control decision.

[0007] Optionally, the transient data acquisition device is communicatively connected to a voltage divider; the voltage divider acquires data on the secondary side of the current transformer of the vehicle generator based on a predetermined sampling frequency to obtain the output voltage waveform; wherein, the predetermined sampling frequency is not less than 20 million times per second, and the voltage divider has a transformation ratio of 200:1, used to convert the high-voltage signal into a low-voltage signal within the range of the acquisition card.

[0008] Optionally, an absolute value rising edge triggering strategy is obtained; the voltage divider obtains the output voltage waveform at the predetermined sampling frequency according to the absolute value rising edge triggering strategy; wherein, the absolute value rising edge triggering strategy includes a trigger threshold and a pre-trigger duration, the trigger threshold is set to 1.5 times to 3 times the nominal output voltage, and the pre-trigger duration ranges from 3 milliseconds to 20 milliseconds.

[0009] Optionally, the output voltage waveform is subjected to multi-feature collection to obtain output waveform features; the output waveform features are compared with the standard load dump features pre-stored in the load dump identification mechanism to obtain a comparison result; if the comparison result meets the predetermined comparison constraints, the real-time load dump event is obtained; wherein, the standard load dump features include voltage features of predetermined dimensions, and the predetermined dimensions include voltage peak dimension, rise time dimension and duration dimension.

[0010] Optionally, the output voltage waveform is divided into signals to obtain a division result, wherein the division result includes a power frequency period before overvoltage and a power frequency period after overvoltage; the power frequency period before overvoltage and the power frequency period after overvoltage are combined to obtain an interval coverage power frequency period; the proportion of spectral components in a predetermined frequency band in the interval coverage power frequency period is obtained; when the proportion of spectral components is at a predetermined proportion threshold, a waveform feature collection command is issued; based on the waveform feature collection command, multiple features are collected from the output voltage waveform to obtain the output waveform features.

[0011] Optionally, a dynamic calibration mechanism is obtained, wherein the dynamic calibration mechanism includes a first calibration strategy for the voltage peak dimension and a second calibration strategy for the duration dimension; a real-time standard voltage peak is obtained according to the first calibration strategy; a real-time standard duration is obtained according to the second calibration strategy; and the standard load dump characteristics are dynamically adjusted using the real-time standard voltage peak and the real-time standard duration; wherein obtaining the real-time standard voltage peak includes: performing a variation weighted analysis on the real-time generator speed and real-time magnetic field strength according to the first calibration strategy to obtain a first calibration coefficient; and calibrating and adjusting the voltage characteristics of the voltage peak dimension based on the first calibration coefficient to obtain the real-time standard voltage peak; wherein obtaining the real-time standard duration includes: normalizing the excitation circuit time constant of the automotive generator according to the second calibration strategy to obtain a second calibration coefficient; and calibrating and adjusting the voltage characteristics of the duration dimension based on the second calibration coefficient to obtain the real-time standard duration.

[0012] Optionally, the active protection circuit includes a dual-threshold protection mechanism; according to the first threshold protection strategy in the dual-threshold protection mechanism, when the input voltage of the real-time load dump event exceeds the first threshold, clamping state control is performed on the power switch; according to the second threshold protection strategy in the dual-threshold protection mechanism, when the input voltage of the real-time load dump event exceeds the second threshold, complete disconnection control is performed on the power switch; the real-time protection control decision is determined based on the clamping state control or the complete disconnection control.

[0013] Optionally, the first threshold refers to a value higher than 1.5 times the nominal output voltage of the vehicle generator but not exceeding 90% of the maximum operating voltage of the vehicle electronic equipment, and the second threshold refers to a value higher than the maximum clamping voltage of the transient voltage suppression device and lower than the breakdown voltage of the rectifier.

[0014] A second aspect of this application provides an overvoltage transient suppression system for an automotive alternator rectifier, used to perform an overvoltage transient suppression method for an automotive alternator rectifier as described in the first aspect. The system includes: a data acquisition module for dynamically and continuously acquiring data from the automotive alternator using a transient data acquisition device to obtain an output voltage waveform; a waveform analysis module for introducing a load dump identification mechanism to identify and analyze the output voltage waveform to obtain a real-time load dump event; a control decision generation module for triggering an active protection circuit based on the real-time load dump event and generating a real-time protection control decision; and a transient suppression module for transient suppression of the rectifier according to the real-time protection control decision.

[0015] A third aspect of this application is a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed, implements the steps of the overvoltage transient suppression method for an automotive generator rectifier as described in any one of the first aspects above.

[0016] One or more technical solutions provided in this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0017] This application provides a method for suppressing overvoltage transients in an automotive alternator rectifier. The method involves continuously acquiring dynamic data from the alternator using a transient data acquisition device to obtain the output voltage waveform. A load dump identification mechanism is introduced to identify and analyze the output voltage waveform, resulting in real-time load dump events. Based on these real-time load dump events, an active protection circuit is triggered, generating real-time protection control decisions. Transient suppression of the rectifier is then performed according to these real-time protection control decisions. This method achieves accurate identification and response to overvoltage events, improving the timeliness and effectiveness of overvoltage transient suppression in the automotive alternator rectifier, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the automotive electrical system.

[0018] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of this application. To better understand the technical means of this application and to facilitate its implementation according to the description, and to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of this application more apparent, specific embodiments of this application are described below. It should be understood that the content described in this section is not intended to identify key or important features of the embodiments of this application, nor is it intended to limit the scope of this application. Other features of this application will become readily apparent through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely exemplary. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for suppressing overvoltage transients in an automotive generator rectifier, as provided in this application.

[0021] Figure 2 This application provides a schematic diagram of an overvoltage transient suppression system for an automotive generator rectifier.

[0022] Figure labeling: Data acquisition module 11, waveform analysis module 12, control decision generation module 13, transient suppression module 14. Detailed Implementation

[0023] This application provides a method, system, and medium for suppressing overvoltage transients in automotive alternator rectifiers, solving the technical problems of slow response speed, low protection accuracy, and ineffective suppression of overvoltage transients in existing automotive alternator rectifier overvoltage protection technologies. By dynamically and continuously acquiring data from the automotive alternator using transient data acquisition equipment, the output voltage waveform is obtained. A load dump identification mechanism is introduced to identify and analyze the output voltage waveform, resulting in a real-time load dump event triggering an active protection circuit. This generates a real-time protection control decision, and transient suppression of the rectifier is performed based on the real-time protection control decision. This achieves accurate identification and response to overvoltage events, improving the timeliness and effectiveness of overvoltage transient suppression in automotive alternator rectifiers, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the automotive electrical system.

[0024] The technical solutions of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described herein. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts related to the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, not all of them.

[0025] Example 1, as Figure 1 As shown, this application provides a method for suppressing overvoltage transients in an automotive alternator rectifier. The method specifically includes the following steps:

[0026] S1: Dynamic and continuous data acquisition of the car generator is performed using transient data acquisition equipment to obtain the output voltage waveform.

[0027] Specifically, during vehicle operation, the output voltage of the vehicle's alternator is affected by various factors, such as changes in engine speed, sudden load changes, and switching operations of electrical equipment. These factors can trigger overvoltage transients after startup or during operation. By using specialized transient data acquisition equipment designed to capture and record rapidly changing voltages, such as oscilloscopes and high-precision data acquisition cards, combined with a voltage divider, the high voltage of the alternator can be converted to a lower voltage within the measurement range of the acquisition equipment, since direct connection to the acquisition equipment might damage it. This allows for continuous acquisition of voltage data during the alternator's operation. The real-time acquired voltage data is processed to obtain the output voltage waveform, which reflects the change in the alternator's output voltage over time. Comprehensive analysis of the output voltage waveform provides accurate data support for subsequent overvoltage transient suppression strategies, thereby better protecting the stable operation of the alternator rectifier and the entire vehicle's electrical system.

[0028] Furthermore, the transient data acquisition device is communicatively connected to the voltage divider; the voltage divider acquires data on the secondary side of the current transformer of the car generator based on a predetermined sampling frequency to obtain the output voltage waveform; wherein, the predetermined sampling frequency is not less than 20 million times per second, and the transformation ratio of the voltage divider is 200:1, used to convert the high voltage signal into a low voltage signal within the range of the acquisition card.

[0029] Specifically, a voltage divider is an electrical device that converts a high-voltage signal into a low-voltage signal at a certain ratio. Transient data acquisition equipment is connected to the voltage divider via a specific interface and communication protocol. For example, an RS-485 interface can be used, offering advantages such as strong anti-interference capability and long transmission distance, ensuring stable data transmission in automotive electrical environments. The communication protocol can be the widely used Modbus protocol in industrial fields. By correctly connecting the voltage divider to the secondary side of the current transformer in the automotive alternator, and using the voltage divider to acquire data at a preset sampling frequency on the secondary side of the current transformer, which converts the alternator's high voltage and large current into a lower voltage and smaller current suitable for measurement, the voltage divider effectively acquires transient data of rapidly changing voltage signals, avoiding the omission of fluctuation information and improving the accuracy of analyzing the alternator's output characteristics under various operating conditions. Meanwhile, the input voltage to output voltage ratio of the voltage divider is 200:1, meaning the high input voltage is 200 times the low output voltage. By setting this ratio, the voltage divider can convert the high voltage generated by the car alternator into a low-voltage signal within the range of the data acquisition equipment. Finally, the low-voltage signal converted by the voltage divider is transmitted to the transient data acquisition equipment via a communication connection, where it is processed to obtain the output voltage waveform. By using a voltage divider to convert the high-voltage signal to a low-voltage signal, damage to the acquisition equipment from high voltage is avoided, improving the reliability and safety of data acquisition.

[0030] Furthermore, the voltage divider acquires data from the secondary side of the current transformer of the automotive generator based on a predetermined sampling frequency to obtain the output voltage waveform, including: acquiring an absolute value rising edge triggering strategy; the voltage divider obtains the output voltage waveform at the predetermined sampling frequency according to the absolute value rising edge triggering strategy; wherein, the absolute value rising edge triggering strategy includes a trigger threshold and a pre-trigger duration, the trigger threshold is set to 1.5 times to 3 times the nominal output voltage, and the pre-trigger duration ranges from 3 milliseconds to 20 milliseconds.

[0031] Specifically, the absolute value rising edge triggering strategy is first obtained. This strategy triggers data acquisition and recording based on changes in the absolute value of the voltage signal. It includes setting a trigger threshold and a pre-trigger duration. When the absolute value of the voltage rises to the set trigger threshold, data recording begins, providing a complete record of the voltage waveform before an overvoltage event occurs. The trigger threshold is the critical voltage value for triggering data acquisition, set to 1.5 to 3 times the nominal output voltage. The nominal output voltage is the expected output voltage of the automotive alternator under normal operating conditions. By setting the trigger threshold to 1.5 to 3 times the nominal output voltage, possible overvoltage situations can be reasonably covered. This avoids frequent false triggers due to an excessively low threshold, and also prevents missing genuine overvoltage events due to an excessively high threshold. The pre-trigger duration refers to the length of time before the acquisition device begins recording data before the trigger event occurs, set within a range of 3 milliseconds to 20 milliseconds. By setting the pre-trigger duration, the voltage waveform within a certain period before the overvoltage event occurs can be obtained.

[0032] The voltage divider, based on an absolute value rising edge triggering strategy, collects data from the secondary side of the current transformer in the automotive alternator at a predetermined sampling frequency of no less than 20 million times per second. The voltage signal from the secondary side of the current transformer, after processing by the voltage divider, is adapted to the range of the acquisition equipment. When the absolute value of the voltage rises to the set trigger threshold, the voltage divider initiates data acquisition. Simultaneously, it integrates the voltage data recorded before the trigger with the data acquired after the trigger, based on the pre-trigger duration, ensuring a complete record of the voltage waveform before the overvoltage event. The acquired voltage data is transmitted to a transient data acquisition device via a communication connection. The acquired voltage information undergoes signal conditioning, including filtering to remove noise and amplifying or attenuating the signal. The signal-conditioned voltage signal is then converted into a digital signal using an analog-to-digital converter. During the digital signal processing stage, time alignment is performed, and the data points are arranged chronologically according to the sampling timestamps to generate an output voltage waveform. This provides reliable and accurate data support for identifying overvoltage transient phenomena in the automotive alternator rectifier and developing effective suppression strategies.

[0033] S2: Introduce a load dumping identification mechanism to identify and analyze the output voltage waveform to obtain real-time load dumping events.

[0034] Specifically, in the field of automotive electronics engineering, load dump refers to the instantaneous high-voltage surge generated by the alternator during operation when the battery or other electrical equipment suddenly disconnects or short-circuits. This instantaneous high voltage may far exceed the normal operating voltage range of the alternator and rectifier. If not identified and handled promptly, it can severely damage the alternator rectifier, vehicle electronic equipment, etc., affecting the stability and safety of the entire vehicle's electrical system. The load dump identification mechanism is a set of rules specifically designed for load dump phenomena. Based on preset standard features and a multi-dimensional comparison strategy, it accurately analyzes the output voltage waveform characteristics to determine whether a real-time load dump event has occurred. The preset standard features are typical characteristics of the output voltage waveform under normal operating conditions and load dump conditions, summarized from extensive experimental data and theoretical research. These include the normal ranges of key parameters such as rise time, peak voltage, and duration. By introducing the load dump identification mechanism, the alternator output voltage waveform over time is identified, and parameters such as rise time, peak voltage, and duration are analyzed. After comparing and analyzing parameters such as the rise time, peak voltage, and duration of the output voltage waveform, if any one or more of these parameters exceed the preset standard value range, a load dumping event is determined according to the judgment rules of the load dumping identification mechanism, thereby obtaining real-time load dumping event information.

[0035] Furthermore, a load dumping identification mechanism is introduced to identify and analyze the output voltage waveform to obtain a real-time load dumping event. This includes: collecting multiple features of the output voltage waveform to obtain output waveform features; comparing the output waveform features with the pre-stored standard load dumping features in the load dumping identification mechanism to obtain a comparison result; if the comparison result meets a predetermined comparison constraint, then the real-time load dumping event is obtained; wherein, the standard load dumping features include voltage features of predetermined dimensions, and the predetermined dimensions include voltage peak value dimension, rise time dimension, and duration dimension.

[0036] Specifically, mathematical algorithms are used to analyze the output voltage waveform, extracting multiple features to obtain output waveform characteristics. These real-time output waveform characteristics include voltage peak value, rise time, and duration. For example, by scanning the waveform data, the maximum value is found to obtain the voltage peak value, which refers to the maximum value reached by the waveform within a certain time range. The rise time refers to the time required for the waveform to rise from a reference voltage to the peak value. By setting two thresholds, such as 10% and 90% of the peak voltage, representing the start and end points of the waveform's rise, the time difference between the rise of the waveform from the first threshold to the second threshold is recorded to obtain the rise time. The duration is the length of time the waveform remains above a certain threshold after reaching the peak value. Alternatively, a fixed-size time window can be slid across the waveform data, calculating the maximum and minimum values ​​within the window. When the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​is less than a certain threshold, the waveform is considered to be above that threshold, thus obtaining the duration. The output waveform characteristics are compared with pre-stored standard load dump characteristics in the load dump identification mechanism. These standard load dump characteristics are pre-defined based on extensive experimental data and theoretical analysis, describing the voltage characteristics of typical load dump events, including voltage characteristics across predetermined dimensions. These predetermined dimensions include voltage peak value, rise time, and duration. The voltage peak value is set to 1.5 to 8 times the nominal output voltage, the rise time is less than 1 millisecond (reflecting the rapid voltage rise during load dump), and the duration ranges from 50 to 400 milliseconds, reflecting the duration of voltage anomalies under load dump conditions. The actual collected output waveform characteristics are compared one by one with the pre-stored standard load dump characteristics to obtain comparison results. These results are then judged based on predetermined comparison constraints. When the comparison results meet the predetermined constraints—that is, the actual output waveform characteristics match the standard load dump characteristics within the set error range in terms of voltage peak value, rise time, and duration—a real-time load dump event has occurred, and the real-time load dump event is identified.

[0037] By collecting and comparing multiple features, load dumping events can be accurately identified, enabling protective measures to be taken before or in the early stages of overvoltage transients. This effectively avoids or mitigates overvoltage damage to rectifiers and related equipment, thereby improving the accuracy and effectiveness of overvoltage transient suppression methods.

[0038] Furthermore, before performing multi-feature collection on the output voltage waveform to obtain the output waveform features, the method further includes: dividing the output voltage waveform into a signal to obtain a division result, wherein the division result includes a power frequency period before overvoltage and a power frequency period after overvoltage; combining the power frequency period before overvoltage and the power frequency period after overvoltage to obtain an interval coverage power frequency period; obtaining the proportion of spectral components in a predetermined frequency band in the interval coverage power frequency period; issuing a waveform feature collection command when the proportion of spectral components is at a predetermined proportion threshold; and performing multi-feature collection on the output voltage waveform based on the waveform feature collection command to obtain the output waveform features.

[0039] Specifically, by detecting the overvoltage initiation point in the output voltage waveform—that is, the point where the voltage begins to rise significantly—the output voltage waveform is divided into segments, resulting in a segmentation result. This segmentation includes a pre-overvoltage power frequency period and a post-overvoltage power frequency period. The pre-overvoltage power frequency period refers to the voltage waveform period before the overvoltage event occurs, and the post-overvoltage power frequency period refers to the voltage waveform period after the overvoltage event occurs. Then, the pre-overvoltage and post-overvoltage power frequency periods are integrated on the time axis to obtain a range-covered power frequency period. This range-covered power frequency period is a continuous signal segment encompassing the time range before and after the overvoltage event. Using spectral analysis techniques such as Fast Fourier Transform, the time-domain voltage signal is converted into a frequency-domain signal, obtaining the proportion of spectral components in a predetermined frequency band within the range-covered power frequency period. The predetermined frequency band is the 40Hz to 60Hz band, which includes the power frequency signal and any harmonic components that may appear nearby. The proportion of spectral components refers to the ratio of the signal energy or amplitude within the predetermined frequency band to the total signal energy or amplitude of the entire range-covered power frequency period. Based on historical experimental data and actual operating experience, a predetermined percentage threshold is set. When the percentage of the spectral component falls within this threshold, it indicates that the current overvoltage event belongs to the generator rectifier overvoltage type, such as transient overvoltage caused by sudden generator load changes or load shedding. At this point, a waveform feature collection command is issued, initiating a multi-feature collection process. This process extracts features from multiple dimensions, including voltage peak value, rise time, and duration. These features comprehensively and accurately describe the shape and characteristics of the output voltage waveform, providing accurate and reliable data support for subsequent overvoltage transient suppression. If the percentage of the spectral component is not within the predetermined threshold, it is considered another type of overvoltage event and not within the suppression scope of this technical solution. Through analysis and judgment, overvoltage events meeting specific conditions can be accurately screened, avoiding ineffective processing of irrelevant overvoltage situations, improving processing efficiency and targeting, and ensuring that subsequent suppression measures can be accurately and effectively applied to automotive generator rectifier overvoltage events.

[0040] Furthermore, before comparing the output waveform features with the pre-stored standard load dump features in the load dump identification mechanism to obtain the comparison result, the method further includes: acquiring a dynamic calibration mechanism, wherein the dynamic calibration mechanism includes a first calibration strategy for the voltage peak dimension and a second calibration strategy for the duration dimension; obtaining a real-time standard voltage peak value according to the first calibration strategy; obtaining a real-time standard duration according to the second calibration strategy; dynamically adjusting the standard load dump features using the real-time standard voltage peak value and the real-time standard duration; wherein obtaining the real-time standard voltage peak value includes: performing a variation weighted analysis on the real-time generator speed and real-time magnetic field strength according to the first calibration strategy to obtain a first calibration coefficient; calibrating and adjusting the voltage features in the voltage peak dimension based on the first calibration coefficient to obtain the real-time standard voltage peak value; wherein obtaining the real-time standard duration includes: normalizing the excitation circuit time constant of the automotive generator according to the second calibration strategy to obtain a second calibration coefficient; calibrating and adjusting the voltage features in the duration dimension based on the second calibration coefficient to obtain the real-time standard duration.

[0041] Specifically, to improve the accuracy and adaptability of load shedding event identification, a dynamic calibration mechanism is introduced. This mechanism comprises two parts: a first calibration strategy for the voltage peak dimension and a second calibration strategy for the duration dimension. The first calibration strategy is used to calibrate the voltage peak in real time based on generator speed and magnetic field strength. Specifically, according to the first calibration strategy, a variation-weighted analysis is performed on the real-time generator speed and real-time magnetic field strength. Variation-weighted analysis is a statistical method that calculates the rate of change of speed and magnetic field strength and their weights to obtain a first calibration coefficient. This first calibration coefficient reflects the degree of influence of changes in generator speed and magnetic field strength on the voltage peak. Based on the first calibration coefficient, the voltage characteristics in the voltage peak dimension are calibrated and adjusted to obtain the real-time standard voltage peak.

[0042] According to the second calibration strategy, the time constant of the excitation circuit of the automobile generator is normalized and converted into a dimensionless value to obtain the second calibration coefficient. Then, the voltage characteristics of the duration dimension are calibrated and adjusted according to the second calibration data to obtain the real-time standard duration.

[0043] Finally, the standard load dump characteristics are dynamically adjusted based on the obtained real-time standard voltage peak value and real-time standard duration. Specifically, the voltage peak threshold is calibrated in real-time according to the generator speed and magnetic field strength. For every 1000 rpm increase in speed, the peak threshold is increased by 0.5 times the nominal output voltage, ensuring that the real-time standard voltage peak value accurately reflects the voltage peak standard under the current generator operating condition. The duration parameter is adaptively adjusted according to the generator excitation circuit time constant. For every 0.1 second increase in the time constant, the duration is extended by 20 milliseconds, ensuring that the real-time standard duration matches the current excitation circuit characteristics of the generator. This dynamic adjustment effectively avoids the mismatch between the standard load dump characteristics and the actual output waveform characteristics caused by changes in generator speed, magnetic field strength, and excitation circuit time constant, improving the accuracy of load dump identification. This ensures that suppression measures are triggered promptly and accurately in the event of a load dump overvoltage event, guaranteeing the safe and stable operation of the automotive generator rectifier.

[0044] S3: Based on the real-time load dump event, the active protection circuit is triggered, and a real-time protection control decision is generated.

[0045] Specifically, upon receiving a real-time load dump event, the active protection circuit is immediately triggered. This active protection circuit is a device capable of actively adjusting and controlling the circuit state, responding rapidly upon detecting an overvoltage transient. Based on the pre-set protection strategy of the active protection circuit and the real-time collected voltage waveform characteristics, a real-time protection control decision is generated. This real-time protection control decision includes adjusting the impedance in the circuit, introducing a buffer circuit, disconnecting part of the circuit, or adjusting the generator's output power, effectively suppressing the overvoltage transient. By identifying the real-time load dump event and immediately triggering the active protection circuit, measures can be taken quickly when the load dump event occurs to protect the rectifier and related equipment from overvoltage damage, ensuring the stable operation of the automotive electrical system.

[0046] Furthermore, the active protection circuit is triggered based on the real-time load dump event, and a real-time protection control decision is generated, including: the active protection circuit includes a dual-threshold protection mechanism; according to the first threshold protection strategy in the dual-threshold protection mechanism, when the input voltage of the real-time load dump event exceeds the first threshold, the power switch is clamped; according to the second threshold protection strategy in the dual-threshold protection mechanism, when the input voltage of the real-time load dump event exceeds the second threshold, the power switch is completely disconnected; the real-time protection control decision is determined based on the clamping state control or the complete disconnection control.

[0047] Furthermore, the first threshold refers to a value higher than 1.5 times the nominal output voltage of the vehicle generator but not exceeding 90% of the maximum operating voltage of the vehicle electronic equipment, and the second threshold refers to a value higher than the maximum clamping voltage of the transient voltage suppression device and lower than the breakdown voltage of the rectifier.

[0048] Specifically, when a real-time load dump event is detected, the active protection circuit is immediately triggered based on the real-time load dump event. The active protection circuit includes a dual-threshold protection mechanism. The dual-threshold protection mechanism refers to setting two different voltage thresholds to take differentiated protection measures for overvoltage situations of different severity, avoiding insufficient or excessive protection that may occur with single-threshold protection. The first threshold is higher than 1.5 times the nominal output voltage of the vehicle generator, but does not exceed 90% of the maximum operating voltage of the vehicle electronic equipment. The setting of the first threshold takes into account the voltage fluctuation range that may occur during normal operation of the generator, and ensures that protection can be activated in time when the voltage is at a relatively less dangerous level in the early stage of overvoltage. For example, if the nominal output voltage of the generator is 14 volts and the maximum operating voltage of the vehicle electronic equipment is 18 volts, then the first threshold is set to 21 volts (1.5 times 14 volts) but does not exceed 16.2 volts (90% of 18 volts). The second threshold refers to a voltage higher than the maximum clamping voltage of the transient voltage suppression device and lower than the breakdown voltage of the rectifier. The transient voltage suppression device is a component that can quickly absorb overvoltage energy. Its maximum clamping voltage is the highest value that can effectively limit the voltage. The breakdown voltage of the rectifier refers to the highest voltage threshold that the rectifier can withstand without being damaged.

[0049] When the input voltage of the real-time load dump event exceeds a first threshold, the active protection circuit clamps the power switch according to the first threshold protection strategy. This clamping control places the power switch in a mode that limits voltage rise, preventing further voltage increases. By turning on the switch to shunt overvoltage current, the voltage is clamped within a safe range, effectively suppressing rapid voltage rises and protecting on-board electronic equipment from overvoltage damage. Simultaneously, the circuit is not completely disconnected, ensuring that the automotive electrical system can maintain basic operation under certain conditions.

[0050] When the input voltage of a real-time load dump event exceeds the second threshold, it indicates that the overvoltage situation is very serious. According to the second threshold protection strategy in the dual threshold protection mechanism, the power switch is completely disconnected. The complete disconnection control means completely disconnecting the power switch, cutting off the current path, thereby preventing the voltage from rising further and protecting the rectifier and related equipment from overvoltage breakdown.

[0051] The real-time protection control decision is determined based on either clamping state control or complete disconnection control, i.e., selecting the most appropriate protection measure according to the specific circumstances of the current overvoltage event. If the input voltage exceeds a first threshold but does not exceed a second threshold, clamping state control is executed; if the input voltage exceeds the second threshold, complete disconnection control is executed. This dual-threshold protection mechanism enables more precise identification and suppression of overvoltage transients in the generator rectifier, ensuring that the most effective protection measures are taken under different overvoltage conditions, thus improving the timeliness and effectiveness of overvoltage transient suppression in automotive generator rectifiers.

[0052] S4: Perform transient suppression on the rectifier based on the real-time protection control decision.

[0053] Specifically, after obtaining the real-time protection control decision, the decision is converted into specific control commands and sent to the rectifier's control system. If the real-time protection control decision is clamping control, the rectifier's control system precisely adjusts the conduction level of the power switch, using its clamping characteristics to limit the voltage at the rectifier's input terminal within a safe range, preventing further voltage increases that could damage the rectifier's internal components. If the real-time protection control decision is complete disconnection control, the rectifier's control system immediately and completely cuts off the path of the power switch, isolating the rectifier from the overvoltage source and preventing continuous overvoltage impact. The protection control decisions derived from various strategies and mechanisms act quickly and accurately on the rectifier, responding promptly and effectively to overvoltage transients, preventing rectifier damage due to overvoltage, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the automotive electrical system and improving the overall safety and reliability of the vehicle.

[0054] Example 2, based on the same inventive concept as the overvoltage transient suppression method for an automotive generator rectifier in the foregoing examples, such as... Figure 2 As shown, this application provides an overvoltage transient suppression system for an automotive alternator rectifier, the system comprising:

[0055] The data acquisition module 11 is used to dynamically and continuously acquire data from the automotive generator through a transient data acquisition device to obtain the output voltage waveform; the waveform analysis module 12 is used to introduce a load dump identification mechanism to identify and analyze the output voltage waveform to obtain the real-time load dump event; the control decision generation module 13 is used to trigger the active protection circuit based on the real-time load dump event and generate a real-time protection control decision; the transient suppression module 14 is used to perform transient suppression on the rectifier according to the real-time protection control decision.

[0056] Furthermore, the data acquisition module 11 in the automotive generator rectifier overvoltage transient suppression system is also used for: the transient data acquisition device communicating with the voltage divider; the voltage divider acquiring data on the secondary side of the current transformer of the automotive generator based on a predetermined sampling frequency to obtain the output voltage waveform; wherein, the predetermined sampling frequency is not less than 20 million times per second, and the voltage divider has a transformation ratio of 200:1, used to convert the high voltage signal into a low voltage signal within the range of the acquisition card.

[0057] Furthermore, the data acquisition module 11 in the automotive generator rectifier overvoltage transient suppression system is also used to: acquire an absolute value rising edge triggering strategy; the voltage divider obtains the output voltage waveform at the predetermined sampling frequency according to the absolute value rising edge triggering strategy; wherein, the absolute value rising edge triggering strategy includes a trigger threshold and a pre-trigger duration, the trigger threshold is set to 1.5 times to 3 times the nominal output voltage, and the pre-trigger duration ranges from 3 milliseconds to 20 milliseconds.

[0058] Furthermore, the waveform analysis module 12 in the automotive generator rectifier overvoltage transient suppression system is also used to: collect multiple features of the output voltage waveform to obtain output waveform features; compare the output waveform features with the standard load dump features pre-stored in the load dump identification mechanism to obtain a comparison result; if the comparison result meets a predetermined comparison constraint, then the real-time load dump event is obtained; wherein, the standard load dump features include voltage features of predetermined dimensions, and the predetermined dimensions include voltage peak dimension, rise time dimension, and duration dimension.

[0059] Furthermore, the waveform analysis module 12 in the automotive generator rectifier overvoltage transient suppression system is also used for: dividing the output voltage waveform into a segmentation result, wherein the segmentation result includes the power frequency period before overvoltage and the power frequency period after overvoltage; obtaining a range-covered power frequency period by combining the power frequency period before overvoltage and the power frequency period after overvoltage; obtaining the proportion of spectral components in a predetermined frequency band in the range-covered power frequency period; issuing a waveform feature collection command when the proportion of spectral components is at a predetermined proportion threshold; and performing multi-feature collection on the output voltage waveform based on the waveform feature collection command to obtain the output waveform features.

[0060] Furthermore, the waveform analysis module 12 in the automotive generator rectifier overvoltage transient suppression system is also used for: acquiring a dynamic calibration mechanism, wherein the dynamic calibration mechanism includes a first calibration strategy for the voltage peak dimension and a second calibration strategy for the duration dimension; obtaining a real-time standard voltage peak value according to the first calibration strategy; obtaining a real-time standard duration according to the second calibration strategy; dynamically adjusting the standard load dump characteristics using the real-time standard voltage peak value and the real-time standard duration; wherein obtaining the real-time standard voltage peak value includes: performing a variation weighted analysis on the real-time generator speed and real-time magnetic field strength according to the first calibration strategy to obtain a first calibration coefficient; calibrating and adjusting the voltage characteristics of the voltage peak dimension based on the first calibration coefficient to obtain the real-time standard voltage peak value; wherein obtaining the real-time standard duration includes: normalizing the excitation circuit time constant of the automotive generator according to the second calibration strategy to obtain a second calibration coefficient; calibrating and adjusting the voltage characteristics of the duration dimension based on the second calibration coefficient to obtain the real-time standard duration.

[0061] Furthermore, the control decision generation module 13 in the automotive generator rectifier overvoltage transient suppression system is also used for: the active protection circuit including a dual-threshold protection mechanism; according to the first threshold protection strategy in the dual-threshold protection mechanism, when the input voltage of the real-time load dump event exceeds the first threshold, clamping state control is performed on the power switch; according to the second threshold protection strategy in the dual-threshold protection mechanism, when the input voltage of the real-time load dump event exceeds the second threshold, complete disconnection control is performed on the power switch; and the real-time protection control decision is determined based on the clamping state control or the complete disconnection control.

[0062] Furthermore, the control decision generation module 13 in the automotive generator rectifier overvoltage transient suppression system is also used to: the first threshold is higher than 1.5 times the nominal output voltage of the automotive generator but not more than 90% of the maximum operating voltage of the on-board electronic equipment; the second threshold is higher than the maximum clamping voltage value of the transient voltage suppression device and lower than the breakdown voltage value of the rectifier.

[0063] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Figure 1The method and specific example of overvoltage transient suppression for an automotive alternator rectifier in Embodiment 1 are also applicable to the overvoltage transient suppression system for an automotive alternator rectifier in this embodiment. Through the foregoing detailed description of the overvoltage transient suppression method for an automotive alternator rectifier, those skilled in the art can clearly understand the overvoltage transient suppression system for an automotive alternator rectifier in this embodiment. Therefore, for the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0064] Example 3: Based on the same inventive concept as the method for suppressing overvoltage transients in an automotive alternator rectifier in the foregoing examples, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed, implements the steps of the method for suppressing overvoltage transients in an automotive alternator rectifier as described in any one of Examples 1 above.

[0065] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0066] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications to this application without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for suppressing overvoltage transients in an automotive alternator rectifier, characterized in that, include: The output voltage waveform is obtained by dynamically and continuously acquiring data from the car's generator using transient data acquisition equipment. A load dumping identification mechanism is introduced to identify and analyze the output voltage waveform to obtain real-time load dumping events; The active protection circuit is triggered based on the real-time load dumping event, and a real-time protection control decision is generated. The rectifier is transiently suppressed based on the real-time protection control decision; The method includes introducing a load dumping identification mechanism to identify and analyze the output voltage waveform, thereby obtaining real-time load dumping events, including: The output voltage waveform is subjected to multi-feature collection to obtain the output waveform features; The output waveform features are compared with the standard load dump features pre-stored in the load dump identification mechanism to obtain the comparison results; If the comparison result meets the predetermined comparison constraints, then the real-time load dumping event is obtained; The standard load dump characteristics include voltage characteristics of predetermined dimensions, which include voltage peak dimension, rise time dimension, and duration dimension. Before performing multi-feature collection on the output voltage waveform to obtain the output waveform features, the process also includes: The output voltage waveform is divided into signals to obtain a division result, wherein the division result includes the power frequency period before overvoltage and the power frequency period after overvoltage; The power frequency cycle before and after overvoltage is coordinated to obtain the interval coverage power frequency cycle; Obtain the proportion of spectral components in a predetermined frequency band within the power frequency cycle covered by the interval; When the proportion of the spectral components is at a predetermined proportion threshold, a waveform feature collection command is issued; The output waveform features are obtained by performing multi-feature collection on the output voltage waveform based on the waveform feature collection instruction.

2. The method for suppressing overvoltage transients in an automotive alternator rectifier as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The transient data acquisition device is communicatively connected to the voltage divider; The voltage divider collects data from the secondary side of the current transformer of the vehicle generator based on a predetermined sampling frequency to obtain the output voltage waveform; The predetermined sampling frequency is no less than 20 million times per second, and the voltage divider has a transformation ratio of 200:1, which is used to convert the high-voltage signal into a low-voltage signal within the range of the acquisition card.

3. The method for suppressing overvoltage transients in an automotive alternator rectifier as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The voltage divider acquires data from the secondary side of the current transformer of the vehicle generator based on a predetermined sampling frequency to obtain the output voltage waveform, including: Obtain the absolute value rising edge trigger strategy; The voltage divider obtains the output voltage waveform at the predetermined sampling frequency according to the absolute value rising edge triggering strategy. The absolute value rising edge triggering strategy includes a trigger threshold and a pre-trigger duration. The trigger threshold is set to 1.5 to 3 times the nominal output voltage, and the pre-trigger duration ranges from 3 milliseconds to 20 milliseconds.

4. The method for suppressing overvoltage transients in an automotive alternator rectifier as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Before comparing the output waveform features with the pre-stored standard load dump features in the load dump identification mechanism to obtain the comparison result, the process also includes: A dynamic calibration mechanism is obtained, wherein the dynamic calibration mechanism includes a first calibration strategy for the voltage peak dimension and a second calibration strategy for the duration dimension; The real-time standard voltage peak value is obtained according to the first calibration strategy; The real-time standard duration is obtained according to the second calibration strategy; The standard load dumping characteristics are dynamically adjusted based on the real-time standard voltage peak value and the real-time standard duration. The real-time standard voltage peak values ​​obtained include: Based on the first calibration strategy, a variation weighted analysis of the real-time generator speed and the real-time magnetic field strength is performed to obtain the first calibration coefficient. The voltage characteristics of the voltage peak dimension are calibrated and adjusted based on the first calibration coefficient to obtain the real-time standard voltage peak. The real-time standard duration includes: According to the second calibration strategy, the excitation circuit time constant of the automobile generator is normalized to obtain the second calibration coefficient; The voltage characteristics of the duration dimension are calibrated and adjusted based on the second calibration coefficient to obtain the real-time standard duration.

5. The method for suppressing overvoltage transients in an automotive alternator rectifier as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The active protection circuit is triggered based on the real-time load dump event, and a real-time protection control decision is generated, including: The active protection circuit includes a dual threshold protection mechanism; According to the first threshold protection strategy in the dual threshold protection mechanism, when the input voltage of the real-time load dump event exceeds the first threshold, the power switch is clamped. According to the second threshold protection strategy in the dual threshold protection mechanism, when the input voltage of the real-time load dump event exceeds the second threshold, the power switch is completely disconnected. The real-time protection control decision is determined based on the clamping state control or the complete disconnection control.

6. The method for suppressing overvoltage transients in an automotive alternator rectifier as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The first threshold is higher than 1.5 times the nominal output voltage of the vehicle generator but not more than 90% of the maximum operating voltage of the vehicle electronic equipment. The second threshold is higher than the maximum clamping voltage of the transient voltage suppression device and lower than the breakdown voltage of the rectifier.

7. An overvoltage transient suppression system for an automotive alternator rectifier, characterized in that, The steps for implementing the overvoltage transient suppression method for an automotive alternator rectifier according to any one of claims 1 to 6 include: The data acquisition module is used to dynamically and continuously acquire data from the car's generator using transient data acquisition equipment to obtain the output voltage waveform. The waveform analysis module is used to introduce a load dumping identification mechanism to identify and analyze the output voltage waveform and obtain real-time load dumping events. The control decision generation module is used to trigger the active protection circuit based on the real-time load dumping event and generate real-time protection control decisions. The transient suppression module is used to suppress transients in the rectifier based on the real-time protection control decision.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed, implements the steps of the overvoltage transient suppression method for an automotive generator rectifier as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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