Method and device for optimizing metal powder spreading additive manufacturing

By using fiber optic bundling technology to make short-pulse fiber lasers and continuous fiber lasers coaxial and concentric, the problem of pore defects in powder bed metal additive manufacturing is solved, enabling efficient and low-cost printing of large-size components.

CN121104119APending Publication Date: 2025-12-12WUHAN UNIV
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202511191804.9
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Applications(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2025-08-25
Publication Date
2025-12-12

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

In existing powder bed metal additive manufacturing technology, porosity defects seriously affect the reliability, fatigue life and high temperature characteristics of structural components. Traditional methods make it difficult to achieve coaxiality and concentricity of two laser beams on large-sized components, resulting in high porosity.

Method used

By using a bundled fiber to form a composite light source from short-pulse fiber lasers and continuous fiber lasers of the same wavelength, and transmitting the two beams through the fiber, the coaxiality and concentricity of the two beams are achieved, ensuring that the impact force of the short-pulse laser acts on the keyhole of the molten pool, thereby improving the fluidity of the molten pool and the stability of the keyhole.

Benefits of technology

Significantly reduces porosity, improves the overall mechanical properties of printed parts, reduces manufacturing costs, and enables high-precision printing of large-size components.

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method and device for optimizing metal powder laying additive manufacturing, the method comprises the steps that optical fiber beam combination is conducted on short pulse optical fiber laser and continuous optical fiber laser which are the same in wavelength to form a composite light source, and the pulse width of the short pulse optical fiber laser is the nanosecond level or the subnanosecond level; the composite light source is output to the galvanometer module through the beam combining optical fiber and then acts on the metal powder bed, and the low-cost and high-efficiency method of full coaxiality and concentricity of lasers of different light sources through the beam combining optical fiber is adopted, so that the printing stability, reliability and large-area uniformity are guaranteed; the short pulse laser and the continuous laser act on an irradiation metal area synchronously and coaxially all the time in the scanning process, metal powder bed melting manufacturing under the force oscillation effect is achieved, and the stability of a keyhole in the additive manufacturing process is improved. According to the method, the pore forming probability of laser powder laying sintering three-dimensional forming can be greatly reduced, the comprehensive mechanical property of a printed piece is improved, and wide popularization and application prospects are achieved.
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