Automatic feeding and discharging system for finish turning, broaching and polishing

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of automatic feeding and discharging, in particular to an automatic feeding and discharging system for finish turning, broaching and polishing. The automatic feeding and discharging system comprises a rack, an automatic grabbing mechanical arm and a feeding mechanism, the automatic grabbing mechanical arm and the feeding mechanism are fixed to the rack, and the feeding mechanism comprises a fixing frame fixed to the upper portion of the rack and a side plate fixed to the side edge of the fixing frame. According to the automatic feeding and discharging system for finish turning, broaching and polishing, the position of a side edge guide plate and the position of a transition guide plate in the side edge guide mechanism can be accurately adjusted through an adjusting rod in an adjusting assembly, and therefore the conveying requirements of workpieces with different widths and sizes are met. And a plurality of uniformly distributed fixing cylinders and limiting rods in the fixing cylinders in the limiting mechanism can perform self-adaptive displacement according to the contours of different workpieces, so that accurate limiting of the workpieces of various specifications is realized. According to the design, the defect that a traditional fixed type feeding mechanism can only process workpieces of a single size is overcome, and the requirement of a modern flexible production line for high adaptability of equipment is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automatic loading and unloading technology, specifically to an automatic loading and unloading system for precision machining, grooving, and polishing. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of machining, precision processes such as precision turning, grooving, and polishing require extremely high precision in workpiece loading and unloading positioning. Currently, many automated production lines still rely on manual loading and unloading or semi-automatic equipment for workpiece transfer, resulting in high labor intensity, low production efficiency, and susceptibility to positioning errors due to human factors. While existing automated loading and unloading systems alleviate the burden on manual labor to some extent, their feeding and positioning mechanisms are typically fixed in structure, making it difficult to adapt to the rapid switching and precise positioning of workpieces of different sizes and specifications. For example, common conveyor guide mechanisms lack flexible and adjustable limit and damping buffer designs, making it easy for workpieces to deviate or jam during transport, leading to inaccurate gripping positions by the robotic arm and affecting the quality of subsequent processing. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an automated loading and unloading system that can adapt to workpieces of multiple sizes, achieve high-precision positioning, and operate stably to improve the flexibility and automation level of production lines. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an automated loading and unloading system for precision machining, grooving, and polishing, which solves the aforementioned problems.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: an automatic loading and unloading system for precision machining, grooving and polishing, comprising a frame, an automated material gripping robot fixed on the frame and a feeding mechanism, wherein the feeding mechanism comprises a fixed frame fixed above the frame and a side plate fixed on the side of the fixed frame, and the inner cavity of the fixed frame is connected to a conveyor belt driven by a drive mechanism. The surface of the fixing frame is provided with a side guide mechanism for guiding the workpiece; The surface of the side plate is provided with a limiting mechanism for positioning the workpiece; The limiting mechanism includes a fixed cylinder and a guide plate fixed to the surface of the side plate. A limiting rod extending through both ends of the fixed cylinder is slidably connected to the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder. The limiting rod is slidably connected to the surface of the guide plate. A pressure plate driven by a lifting cylinder is slidably mounted on the surface of the guide plate. A damping adjustment component for adjusting the resistance of the limiting rod is provided on the surface of the fixed cylinder. During use, the limiting mechanism is adjusted according to the size of the workpiece. First, the gripping coordinate position of the automated material handling robot is confirmed, and then the workpiece is pushed to the coordinate position. At this time, the workpiece is pressed against the limiting rod slidably mounted inside the fixed cylinder. After reaching the desired position, multiple limiting rods contact the surface of the workpiece. The surfaces are bonded together, and then the pressure plate is driven by a cylinder to descend on the guide plate. It works in conjunction with the lower guide plate to press and limit the rods, thus fixing the workpiece. The workpiece is then placed on the conveyor belt, which transports it. The workpiece is first transported to the side guide mechanism, where it is coarsely positioned by the side guide plate. After being guided by the side guide plate, it is precisely positioned by the transition guide plate. By adjusting the extension length of the adjusting rod in the adjusting assembly, the transition guide plate and the side guide plate are moved to adapt to different workpiece sizes, allowing it to move precisely to the gripping coordinate position. Then, it is stopped by multiple limit rods for precise positioning, facilitating the gripping of the automated gripping robot.

[0005] As a further aspect of the present invention: the damping adjustment assembly includes an adjustment plate that moves up and down on the surface of the side plate via a drive cylinder. A rubber damping rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the adjustment plate. One end of the rubber damping rod passes through the surface of the fixed cylinder and extends into the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder. The surface of the rubber damping rod is slidably connected to the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder. The end of the rubber damping rod abuts against the surface of the limiting rod. By setting the rubber damping rod, the squeezing force on the limiting rod can be adjusted, and excessive movement of the limiting rod can be prevented when changing workpieces.

[0006] As a further aspect of the present invention: multiple fixing cylinders are provided and are evenly distributed on the surface of the side plate.

[0007] As a further aspect of the present invention: the central symmetry line of the plurality of fixed cylinders coincides with the central symmetry line of the side guide mechanism.

[0008] As a further aspect of the present invention: the side guide mechanism includes a side guide plate that is slidably disposed on the side of the fixed frame by a sliding rod, a transition guide plate is rotatably connected to one side of the side guide plate, and an adjustment component for adjusting the side guide plate and the transition guide plate is provided on the surface of the fixed frame.

[0009] As a further aspect of the present invention: the adjustment assembly includes a positioning seat fixed to the surface of the fixing frame, and an adjustment rod is threadedly connected to the inner cavity of the positioning seat. One end of the adjustment rod is rotatably connected to the side of the side guide plate and the transition guide plate, respectively.

[0010] As a further aspect of the present invention: the side guide plate and the transition guide plate are connected with a plastic skin covering the side facing the workpiece, and the plastic skin is used for guidance to prevent jamming.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: This system significantly enhances the equipment's versatility by incorporating flexibly adjustable side guiding and limiting mechanisms. The side guide plates and transition guide plates in the side guiding mechanism can be precisely positioned using adjusting rods in the adjustment assembly, thus adapting to the conveying needs of workpieces of varying widths and sizes. The limiting mechanism, with its multiple evenly distributed fixed cylinders and internal limiting rods, can adaptively displace according to the contours of different workpieces, achieving precise limiting for workpieces of various specifications. This design overcomes the limitation of traditional fixed feeding mechanisms that can only handle workpieces of a single size, meeting the high adaptability requirements of modern flexible production lines.

[0012] After the workpiece is conveyed to the predetermined position, its surface will be tightly fitted with the ends of multiple limit rods. Subsequently, the lifting cylinder drives the pressure plate to move downward, working in conjunction with the guide plate to instantly lock and fix the limit rods, which are in a free sliding state. This multi-point, multi-directional contact and locking method ensures that the workpiece is firmly constrained at the robot's gripping coordinate position, eliminating any possible slight displacement of the workpiece during the gripping process.

[0013] The introduction of the damping adjustment component effectively ensures the stability and reliability of the system operation. This component controls the raising and lowering of the adjustment plate via a drive cylinder, thereby causing the rubber damping rod to extend into or retract from the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder. By adjusting the radial pressure of the rubber damping rod on the limit rod, the frictional force required for the limit rod to slide can be changed. When changing workpiece types, appropriate damping force can prevent the limit rod from excessively retracting or falling off due to inertia or vibration after losing the workpiece thrust, ensuring the consistency of each positioning action, reducing production preparation time, and improving changeover efficiency.

[0014] The dual-guide design of the side guide mechanism ensures smooth and precise workpiece conveying. As the workpiece moves along the conveyor belt, it first undergoes preliminary coarse positioning via the side guide plate, roughly aligning it. Then, it passes through a rotatable transition guide plate for secondary precise orientation, allowing the workpiece to smoothly enter the gripping station with a preset ideal posture and trajectory. This progressive guiding method, from coarse to fine, effectively avoids potential jamming, squeezing, or overturning of the workpiece at the end of the conveyor due to sudden positioning. It plays a crucial protective role, especially for precision workpieces requiring high surface finish. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top view of the feeding mechanism of the present invention.

[0016] In the diagram: 1. Frame; 2. Automated material handling robot; 3. Feeding mechanism; 31. Fixed frame; 32. Side plate; 33. Conveyor belt; 34. Transition guide plate; 35. Side guide plate; 36. Plastic skin; 37. Positioning seat; 38. Adjusting rod; 39. Fixed cylinder; 310. Adjusting plate; 311. Rubber damping rod; 312. Limiting rod; 313. Guide plate; 314. Pressure plate. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided below.

[0018] Please see Figure 1-2 The present invention provides a technical solution: an automatic loading and unloading system for precision machining, grooving and polishing, including a frame 1, an automated material gripping robot 2 fixed on the frame 1 and a feeding mechanism 3. The feeding mechanism 3 includes a fixed frame 31 fixed above the frame 1 and a side plate 32 fixed on the side of the fixed frame 31. The inner cavity of the fixed frame 31 is connected to a conveyor belt 33 driven by a drive mechanism. The surface of the fixing frame 31 is provided with a side guide mechanism for guiding the workpiece; The surface of the side plate 32 is provided with a limiting mechanism for positioning the workpiece; The limiting mechanism includes a fixed cylinder 39 and a guide plate 313 fixed to the surface of the side plate 32. A limiting rod 312, passing through both ends of the fixed cylinder 39, is slidably connected to the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder 39. The limiting rod 312 is slidably connected to the surface of the guide plate 313. A pressure plate 314, driven by a lifting cylinder, is slidably mounted on the surface of the guide plate 313. A damping adjustment component for adjusting the resistance of the limiting rod 312 is mounted on the surface of the fixed cylinder 39. During use, the limiting mechanism is adjusted according to the size of the workpiece. First, the gripping coordinate position of the automated gripping robot 2 is confirmed, and then the workpiece is pushed to the coordinate position. At this time, the workpiece is pressed against the limiting rod 312 slidably mounted inside the fixed cylinder 39. After reaching the desired position, the multiple limiting rods 312 are in contact with the surface of the workpiece. The surfaces are bonded together, and then the cylinder drives the pressure plate 314 to descend on the guide plate 313. The guide plate 313 below presses the limiting rod 312 to fix it. The workpiece is then placed on the conveyor belt 33, which transports the workpiece. The workpiece is first transported to the side guide mechanism, where it is coarsely positioned by the side guide plate 35. After being guided by the side guide plate 35, it is precisely positioned by the transition guide plate 34. By adjusting the extension length of the adjusting rod 38 in the adjusting assembly, the transition guide plate 34 and the side guide plate 35 are moved to adapt to different workpiece sizes, so that they can move precisely to the gripping coordinate position. Then, they are held by multiple limiting rods 312 for precise positioning, which facilitates the gripping of the automated gripping robot 2.

[0019] The damping adjustment assembly includes an adjustment plate 310 that moves up and down on the surface of the side plate 32 via a drive cylinder. A rubber damping rod 311 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the adjustment plate 310. One end of the rubber damping rod 311 passes through the surface of the fixed cylinder 39 and extends into the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder 39. The surface of the rubber damping rod 311 is slidably connected to the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder 39, and the end of the rubber damping rod 311 abuts against the surface of the limiting rod 312. By setting the rubber damping rod 311, the squeezing force on the limiting rod 312 can be adjusted, and the limiting rod 312 can be prevented from moving excessively when changing workpieces.

[0020] Multiple fixed cylinders 39 are provided and are evenly distributed on the surface of the side plate 32.

[0021] The central symmetry lines of the multiple fixed cylinders 39 coincide with the central symmetry lines of the side guide mechanism.

[0022] The side guide mechanism includes a side guide plate 35 that is slidably disposed on the side of the fixed frame 31 by a sliding rod. A transition guide plate 34 is rotatably connected to one side of the side guide plate 35. An adjustment component for adjusting the side guide plate 35 and the transition guide plate 34 is provided on the surface of the fixed frame 31.

[0023] The adjustment assembly includes a positioning seat 37 fixed to the surface of the fixing frame 31. An adjustment rod 38 is threadedly connected to the inner cavity of the positioning seat 37. One end of the adjustment rod 38 is rotatably connected to the side of the side guide plate 35 and the transition guide plate 34, respectively.

[0024] The side guide plate 35 and the transition guide plate 34 are connected by a plastic skin 36 on the side facing the workpiece. The plastic skin 36 guides the workpiece and prevents it from getting stuck.

[0025] First, the system is pre-adjusted according to the specific dimensions of the workpiece to be processed. The operator rotates the adjusting rod 38 in the adjusting assembly. Since the adjusting rod 38 is threadedly connected to the positioning seat 37, its rotation is converted into linear motion, thereby pushing the side guide plate 35 and the transition guide plate 34, which are rotatably connected to it, to move along the sliding rod guide, adjusting the width between the two guide channels to match the workpiece size. At the same time, the damping adjusting assembly is adjusted, and the driving cylinder is actuated to push the adjusting plate 310 and the rubber damping rod 311 at its bottom to move up and down, changing the degree to which the end of the rubber damping rod 311 extends into the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder 39, thereby setting the sliding resistance to the limiting rod 312, preparing for the subsequent pushing and limiting of the workpiece.

[0026] After preparation, the system is started. The workpiece is placed on the conveyor belt 33 driven by the drive mechanism and conveyed forward with the conveyor belt. During the conveying process, the workpiece first enters the guide channel formed by the side guide plates 35 for preliminary coarse positioning, so that its movement direction is corrected. Then, the workpiece continues to move forward, passing through the rotatable transition guide plate 34 for secondary precise guidance, and is gradually guided to the preset gripping coordinate position below the automated gripping robot 2.

[0027] When the workpiece reaches its endpoint, its front end contacts the ends of multiple limiting rods 312 extending from the fixed cylinder 39. Under the continuous pushing of the conveyor belt, the workpiece pushes against the limiting rods 312, overcoming the frictional force provided by the rubber damping rods 311, and slides backward within the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder 39. Until the workpiece is fully in place, all the limiting rods 312 in contact with the workpiece stop moving, and their ends remain in contact with the complex surface of the workpiece.

[0028] At this moment, the lifting cylinder immediately activates, driving the pressure plate 314 to move downwards along the guide plate 313. The lower surface of the pressure plate 314 and the upper surface of the guide plate 313 together form a clamping mechanism, firmly clamping and fixing all the stop rods 312 that have stopped moving, thereby indirectly locking the workpiece completely in the current position and completing the final precise positioning.

[0029] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic loading and unloading system for precision machining, grooving, and polishing, comprising a frame (1), an automated gripping robot (2) fixed on the frame (1), and a feeding mechanism (3), characterized in that: The feeding mechanism (3) includes a fixed frame (31) fixed above the frame (1) and a side plate (32) fixed on the side of the fixed frame (31). The inner cavity of the fixed frame (31) is connected to a conveyor belt (33) driven by a drive mechanism. The surface of the fixing frame (31) is provided with a side guide mechanism for guiding the workpiece; The surface of the side plate (32) is provided with a limiting mechanism for positioning the workpiece; The limiting mechanism includes a fixed cylinder (39) and a guide plate (313) fixed to the surface of the side plate (32). The inner cavity of the fixed cylinder (39) is slidably connected to a limiting rod (312) that passes through both ends of the fixed cylinder (39). The limiting rod (312) is slidably connected to the surface of the guide plate (313). The surface of the guide plate (313) is slidably provided with a pressure plate (314) driven by a lifting cylinder. The surface of the fixed cylinder (39) is provided with a damping adjustment component for adjusting the resistance of the limiting rod (312).

2. The automatic loading and unloading system for precision machining, grooving, and polishing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The damping adjustment assembly includes an adjustment plate (310) that moves up and down on the surface of the side plate (32) via a drive cylinder. A rubber damping rod (311) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the adjustment plate (310). One end of the rubber damping rod (311) passes through the surface of the fixed cylinder (39) and extends into the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder (39). The surface of the rubber damping rod (311) is slidably connected to the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder (39). The end of the rubber damping rod (311) abuts against the surface of the limiting rod (312).

3. The automatic loading and unloading system for precision machining, grooving, and polishing according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple fixed cylinders (39) are provided and are evenly distributed on the surface of the side plate (32).

4. The automatic loading and unloading system for precision machining, grooving, and polishing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central symmetry lines of the plurality of fixed cylinders (39) coincide with the central symmetry lines of the side guide mechanism.

5. The automatic loading and unloading system for precision machining, grooving, and polishing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side guide mechanism includes a side guide plate (35) that is slidably disposed on the side of the fixed frame (31) by a sliding rod. A transition guide plate (34) is rotatably connected to one side of the side guide plate (35). An adjustment component for adjusting the side guide plate (35) and the transition guide plate (34) is provided on the surface of the fixed frame (31).

6. The automatic loading and unloading system for precision machining, grooving, and polishing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment assembly includes a positioning seat (37) fixed to the surface of the fixing frame (31), and an adjustment rod (38) is threadedly connected to the inner cavity of the positioning seat (37). One end of the adjustment rod (38) is rotatably connected to the side of the side guide plate (35) and the transition guide plate (34).

7. The automatic loading and unloading system for precision machining, grooving, and polishing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side guide plate (35) and the transition guide plate (34) are covered with plastic skin (36) on the side facing the workpiece at the connection.

Images