Condenser partition operation control system based on high back pressure heat supply

Abstract

The invention discloses a condenser partition operation control system based on high-back-pressure heat supply. The condenser partition operation control system comprises a high-back-pressure heat supply unit, a condenser partition unit, a carbon capture unit and an intelligent control unit. The carbon capture unit captures CO2 in boiler flue gas by adopting a chemical absorption method, and a heat source of a reboiler of the carbon capture unit comes from extraction steam of a steam turbine; and the intelligent control unit is in signal connection with the high-back-pressure heat supply unit, the condenser partition unit and the carbon capture unit, and the intelligent control unit fuses multi-source information and directs all execution mechanisms to act in real time through an optimization algorithm. According to the application, high back pressure heat supply, condenser partition and carbon capture systems are integrated through the intelligent control unit, a multi-objective optimization function taking the power supply efficiency, the waste heat recovery ratio and the carbon capture energy consumption rate as the core is constructed, and real-time optimization is carried out by adopting the improved self-adaptive particle swarm optimization; and the maximization of the'thermoelectric carbon 'comprehensive energy efficiency under the complex operation condition is realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of combined heat and power and carbon capture, and particularly relates to a condenser partition operation control system based on high back pressure heating. BACKGROUND

[0002] Under the dual pressure of energy and environment, combined heat and power units have become an important technical route to improve energy utilization efficiency and reduce carbon emissions. High back pressure heating technology improves the exhaust steam temperature by increasing the exhaust pressure of the steam turbine, effectively recovers the waste heat of exhaust steam, and significantly improves the heat-to-power ratio and overall energy utilization efficiency of the unit. However, the traditional high back pressure heating system has the following problems in operation:

[0003] The contradiction between heating and peak shaving is prominent: the high back pressure unit mainly supplies heat during the heating period, and the condenser back pressure is high, which limits the regulation ability of the unit's power generation output and makes it difficult to respond to the grid peak shaving demand;

[0004] High energy consumption of carbon capture system: the existing carbon capture system (such as amine capture) uses high-grade steam as the heat source of the reboiler, which has high energy consumption and is not deeply coupled with the main engine thermal system, resulting in a decrease in the overall efficiency of the system;

[0005] Coarse adjustment of condenser cooling source: the traditional condenser cooling water system has poor regulation ability and cannot achieve fine coordination between heating and electrical load, often resulting in insufficient waste heat recovery or excessive loss of cooling source;

[0006] Lack of system collaborative control: the existing control system is mostly local optimization, lacking overall optimization strategies for "heat, electricity and carbon" multi-objective collaboration, making it difficult to achieve optimal system energy efficiency under complex operating conditions.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a system and method that can coordinate high back pressure heating, carbon capture and grid peak shaving demand, and achieve multi-energy flow collaborative optimization control. SUMMARY

[0008] The application provides a condenser partition operation control system based on high back pressure heating, aiming to solve the existing problems of existing high back pressure units in the operation among heating, power generation and carbon capture.

[0009] The condenser partition operation control system based on high back pressure heating comprises a high back pressure heating unit, a condenser partition unit, a carbon capture unit and an intelligent control unit.

[0010] The high back pressure heating unit includes a steam turbine, a generator, a boiler and a high back pressure condenser. The exhaust port of the steam turbine is connected to the shell side of the high back pressure condenser, so that the exhaust steam and exhaust steam serve as a heat source.

[0011] The condenser partition unit divides the tube side of the high back pressure condenser into a heat supply network water heat exchange area and a cooling water heat exchange area, the heat supply network water heat exchange area is connected to the heat supply network circulating water system, and the cooling water heat exchange area is connected to the power plant cooling circulating water system;

[0012] The carbon capture unit includes an absorption tower, a regeneration tower, a lean- rich liquid heat exchanger, a reboiler and a tower top condenser, adopts a chemical absorption method to capture CO2 in the boiler flue gas, and the heat source of the reboiler comes from the steam extraction of the steam turbine;

[0013] The tower top condenser discharges steam from the top of the regeneration tower, which is a mixture of CO2, water vapor and a small amount of amine liquid;

[0014] The intelligent control unit is signal connected with the high back pressure heating unit, the condenser partition unit and the carbon capture unit, fuses multiple source information, and commands actions of each actuator in real time through an optimization algorithm, and the intelligent control unit comprises:

[0015] The data acquisition and processing module acquires field signals, filters, validity verifies and engineering unit converts the acquired data, and calculates key performance indicators KPIs in real time, and the calculation of the key performance indicators KPIs includes real-time power supply coal consumption , waste heat recovery ratio r and carbon capture energy consumption rate , to provide input for optimization decision-making;

[0016] The multi-objective optimization decision-making module is embedded with a real-time optimization engine based on an improved adaptive particle swarm algorithm, and outputs an optimal solution set of a target function J ;

[0017] The actuator control module receives the optimal solution set from the optimization decision-making module and converts it into control instructions.

[0018] Optionally, the tube side of the high back pressure condenser is physically divided into a heat supply network water heat exchange area and a cooling water heat exchange area, the inlet of the heat supply network water heat exchange area is connected to the return water pipeline of the regional heat supply network through a heat supply network return water pipeline, the outlet is connected to the water supply pipeline of the regional heat supply network through a heat supply network water supply pipeline, to form a heat supply network circulating water loop, the inlet of the cooling water heat exchange area is connected to the cooling circulating water system through a cooling water supply pipeline, and the outlet is connected to the cooling circulating water system through a cooling water return pipeline, a low-flow adjusting subsystem independent of the main circulating water pump is arranged on the cooling water supply pipeline, and the subsystem at least includes a low-flow variable frequency circulating water pump and a precision regulating valve;

[0019] The precision regulating valve is an electric or pneumatic regulating valve, and works cooperatively with the low-flow variable frequency circulating water pump.

[0020] Optionally, the field signals include: energy flow signals including unit real power, main steam pressure / temperature / flow, each stage extraction steam parameters, feedwater flow and temperature, heat supply / return water temperature and flow of heat network, condenser absolute pressure;

[0021] material flow signals including flue gas flow and CO2 concentration, amine liquid circulation flow, carbon capture rate;

[0022] equipment state signals including operating frequency / current of low-flow variable frequency pump, opening of precision regulating valve, opening of reboiler extraction steam regulating valve, reboiler steam pressure / temperature, each heater terminal difference;

[0023] external instruction signals including automatic generation control instruction issued by power grid dispatching, heating load instruction and carbon capture rate instruction issued by upper system.

[0024] Optionally, real-time power supply coal consumption The standard coal mass consumed by the unit for supplying 1 kilowatt-hour of electricity to the outside, and the calculation formula is:

[0025]

[0026] Among them:

[0027] : real-time power supply coal consumption, unit: grams / kilowatt-hour (g / kWh);

[0028] : net standard coal consumption, unit: tons / hour (t / h);

[0029] Specifically,

[0030] : total input heat of the boiler (GJ / h), which can be calculated by the amount of coal entering the furnace and the low calorific value: = × , is the raw coal consumption t / h, is the received base low calorific value GJ / t;

[0031] : external heating capacity (GJ / h), including high back pressure recovery heat and extraction steam heating heat, , wherein is the extraction steam flow, is the extraction steam enthalpy, is the feedwater enthalpy;

[0032] : boiler efficiency (%);

[0033] 29271: standard coal calorific value (kJ / kg), used to convert heat (GJ / h) into standard coal quantity (t / h);

[0034] : online power, unit: megawatt (MW), wherein, : generator end power (MW), : auxiliary power (MW).

[0035] Optionally, the waste heat recovery ratio r is the proportion of the heat taken away by the heat network circulating water and used for heating in the total heat exchange amount of the condenser, and the calculation formula is:

[0036]

[0037] wherein,

[0038] r: waste heat recovery ratio;

[0039] : heat network water heat exchange amount, unit: kW;

[0040] : total heat exchange amount of the condenser, unit: kW;

[0041] : mass flow rate of the heat network circulating water entering the condenser heat network water heat exchange area, unit: kg / h;

[0042] : mass flow rate of the cooling circulating water entering the condenser cooling water heat exchange area, unit: kg / h;

[0043] : constant-pressure specific heat capacity of water;

[0044] : temperature of the heat network circulating water entering and leaving the condenser heat network water heat exchange area, unit: ℃;

[0045] : temperature of the cooling circulating water entering and leaving the condenser cooling water heat exchange area, unit: ℃.

[0046] Optionally, the carbon capture energy consumption rate is the heat consumed for capturing and compressing unit mass of carbon dioxide;

[0047] Calculation formula:

[0048]

[0049] wherein,

[0050] : Carbon capture energy consumption rate, unit: GJ / tCO2;

[0051] : Total heat consumption of reboiler, unit: GJ / h, ;

[0052] : Steam extraction mass flow rate into reboiler, unit: t / h;

[0053] : Steam extraction specific enthalpy into reboiler, unit: kJ / kg;

[0054] : Drain specific enthalpy leaving reboiler, unit: kJ / kg;

[0055] : Drain mass flow rate leaving reboiler, unit: t / h, : Drain mass flow rate leaving reboiler, unit: t / h (i.e. 1000 kg / h), thus : Drain mass flow rate leaving reboiler, unit: GJ / h;

[0056] : Carbon dioxide capture rate, unit: t / h, ;

[0057] : Flue gas volume flow rate into absorber, unit: m3 / h (needs to be converted to standard state);

[0058] : CO2 volume concentration in flue gas at absorber inlet, unit: ppm (parts per million);

[0059] : CO2 volume concentration in flue gas at absorber outlet, unit: ppm;

[0060] : Carbon dioxide density at standard state, approximately 1.96 kg / m3;

[0061] : CO2 volume fraction, multiplied by flue gas flow rate and density to get CO2 mass flow rate (kg / h), and then divided by 1000 to get t / h.

[0062] Optionally, the objective function based on the improved adaptive particle swarm algorithm is a thermal power carbon comprehensive energy efficiency index;

[0063] ; : Wherein:

[0064] : Power supply efficiency;

[0065] : waste heat recovery ratio;

[0066] : carbon capture energy consumption rate;

[0067] w1, w2, w3: dynamic weight coefficients; automatically adjusted according to the operation mode: w1 increases at the peak output, w2 increases in the heating season, and w3 increases when the carbon constraint is strict;

[0068] Specific range and constraints of decision variables:

[0069] V1: low-flow variable frequency pump frequency (Hz), corresponding to cooling water flow, constraint: condenser back pressure is not lower than the lower limit of safe operation of low-pressure cylinder;

[0070] V2: Reboiler steam extraction control valve opening (%), corresponding to the extraction pressure, constraint: the extraction pressure needs to meet the minimum requirement of the reboiler, and the temperature is lower than the amine degradation threshold;

[0071] V3: Regeneration system adjustment parameter; constraint: feedwater temperature, deaerator pressure, etc. within the safe range;

[0072] The multi-objective optimization decision module takes 5-15 minutes as an optimization period and executes rolling; in each period, the latest field data is used to drive the AWPSO algorithm to search in the decision variable space to find the optimal solution set that maximizes the objective function J .

[0073] Optionally, the control instruction includes: for the low-flow variable frequency pump, PID control is adopted to take its frequency as the control object, so that the cooling water flow tracks the corresponding flow set value;

[0074] For the reboiler steam extraction control valve, PID control is adopted to take the extraction pressure as the controlled variable, so that it is stabilized at the corresponding pressure set value;

[0075] For the relevant adjustment mechanism of the regenerative system, according to the type, the corresponding analog quantity instruction is issued.

[0076] Optionally, the operation control process of the condenser partition operation control system based on high back pressure heating includes the following steps:

[0077] S1: Data acquisition, the data acquisition module of the intelligent control unit continuously acquires real-time data from the whole system:

[0078] From the high back pressure heating unit: power generation, main steam flow, steam pressure / temperature at each point, condenser back pressure;

[0079] From the condenser partition unit: heat supply / return water temperature and flow, cooling water flow, low flow frequency conversion pump frequency, regulating valve opening;

[0080] From the carbon capture unit: flue gas import and export CO2 concentration, amine liquid circulation, reboiler extraction steam parameters;

[0081] And from the outside: AGC peak shaving instruction of power grid, regional heating scheduling instruction, carbon emission index requirement;

[0082] S2: Target setting, set the current priority running mode in the intelligent control unit;

[0083] S3: Performance index calculation, the data processing module calculates three key performance indicators KPI in real time based on the collected raw data: real-time power supply coal consumption , waste heat recovery ratio r, carbon capture energy consumption rate ;

[0084] S4: Multi-objective optimization solution, the multi-objective optimization decision module is activated, and the dynamic weight (w1, w2, w3) in the objective function is adjusted according to the current set running mode;

[0085] After iterative calculation, the algorithm outputs a set of optimal set value combination , that is:

[0086] : Optimal cooling water flow set value;

[0087] : Optimal reboiler extraction steam pressure set value;

[0088] : Heat recovery system optimization parameters;

[0089] S5: Instruction issuing and execution, the actuator control module converts the optimal set value into specific control signals and issues them to each actuator;

[0090] Instructions to the condenser partition unit: adjust the frequency of the low-flow frequency conversion circulating water pump and the opening of the precision regulating valve, so that the flow into the cooling water heat exchange area is accurately and stably at ;

[0091] Instructions to the heat recovery system of the high back pressure heating unit: adjust the related extraction valve or switching device to change the operation state of the heat recovery system to achieve the optimization target;

[0092] Instructions to the carbon capture unit: adjust the regulating valve on the reboiler extraction pipeline to stabilize the extraction pressure at ;

[0093] S6: System state migration, the action of each executive agency causes the chain reaction of the whole thermal system:

[0094] If increases, the condenser back pressure decreases, the turbine work capacity increases, and the power generation power rises, but at the same time, the waste heat recovery ratio r decreases;

[0095] If changes, the carbon capture energy consumption rate changes, which affects the steam extraction distribution and work of the steam turbine;

[0096] The adjustment of the regenerative system optimizes the feedwater temperature, which affects the boiler efficiency and the overall cycle thermal efficiency;

[0097] S7: Result feedback, after the system runs for a few minutes under the new parameters, the data acquisition module collects the whole system data again, and calculates a new round of KPI values;

[0098] S8: Performance evaluation and re-optimization: the intelligent control unit compares the new KPI values with the expected target;

[0099] If the expected target is reached or the change tends to be stable, the current parameters are maintained, and the next optimization cycle is entered;

[0100] If the expected target is not reached or the external instruction / boundary condition changes, a new round of cycle is triggered immediately, and the system is dynamically adjusted to a new optimal working condition.

[0101] Compared with the prior art, the present application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0102] The present application integrates high back pressure heating, condenser partition and carbon capture system through the intelligent control unit, constructs a multi-objective optimization function with power supply efficiency, waste heat recovery ratio and carbon capture energy consumption rate as the core, and uses an improved adaptive particle swarm algorithm for real-time optimization, which realizes the maximization of "thermal power carbon" comprehensive energy efficiency under complex operating conditions.

[0103] The present application also introduces the condenser partition design and low flow regulation subsystem, so that the cooling water flow can be accurately adjusted within a specified range, which not only guarantees the high back pressure operation during the heating period, but also quickly reduces the back pressure and improves the power generation capacity when the power grid needs to be peaked, effectively alleviating the contradiction between heating and peak shaving.

[0104] The present application also uses steam turbine extraction as the heat source for the carbon capture unit reboiler, and integrates the overhead condenser into the unit regenerative system, which recovers the low-temperature heat at the top of the tower using the main condensate, reduces the steam extraction amount of the low-pressure heater, reduces the net energy consumption of the carbon capture system, and improves the overall thermal economy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0105] Figure 1 A module connection diagram of a high-back-pressure heat supply based condenser partition operation control system is provided for an embodiment of the present application.

[0106] Figure 2 A running flow diagram of a high-back-pressure heat supply based condenser partition operation control system is provided for an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0107] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application more clear, the present application is further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and embodiments.

[0108] The high-back-pressure heat supply based condenser partition operation control system provided by the present application comprises a high-back-pressure heat supply unit, a condenser partition unit, a carbon capture unit and an intelligent control unit.

[0109] The high-back-pressure heat supply unit comprises a steam turbine, a generator, a boiler and a high-back-pressure condenser, the exhaust port of the steam turbine is directly or through an exhaust pipe connected to the shell side of the high-back-pressure condenser, so that the exhaust steam is used as a heat source, and the design operation back pressure range of the high-back-pressure condenser under the rated heat supply condition is 35 kPa to 70 kPa.

[0110] Specifically, the steam turbine belongs to a steam turbine subsystem, and the steam turbine is an extraction condensing steam turbine suitable for cogeneration, under the rated heat supply condition, the exhaust pressure (i.e. the condenser back pressure) of the steam turbine is designed and maintained at a high level, usually in the range of 35 kPa to 70 kPa (absolute pressure), which is much higher than the back pressure of a conventional pure condensing generator set (usually 4-10 kPa), aiming to increase the exhaust temperature so that it can effectively transfer heat to the lower temperature heat network return water.

[0111] The high-back-pressure condenser is a surface heat exchanger, which adopts a single shell, double-flow structure, the shell side contains and cools the exhaust steam of the steam turbine, and the tube side flows through the cooling working medium, in order to withstand the higher operating pressure and temperature, the structural strength and sealing performance of the shell, tube plate and water chamber need to be designed accordingly, the upper part of the shell side is connected to the exhaust port of the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine through an exhaust pipe, and the lower part is provided with a hot well to collect condensed water, and the inlet and outlet of the tube side provide interfaces for the subsequent "partition unit";

[0112] The boiler provides superheated steam of rated parameters (such as supercritical or ultra-supercritical parameters) for the steam turbine, and the feedwater temperature needs to adapt to the change of the regenerative system parameters due to the higher condenser pressure of the high-back-pressure unit,

[0113] The generator is coaxially connected with the steam turbine to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0114] The high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated by the boiler enters the steam turbine to do work, driving the generator to generate electricity. The low-temperature and low-pressure exhaust steam from the steam turbine enters the shell side of the high-backpressure condenser. In the condenser, the exhaust steam releases its latent heat of vaporization to the cooling medium (which will be divided into heating network water and cooling water later) flowing in the tube side, and condenses into condensate water. The condensate water is pumped back to the boiler feedwater system to complete the thermodynamic cycle. The high-backpressure operation range of 35 kPa to 70 kPa ensures that the exhaust steam saturation temperature can reach 70°C to 90°C, thereby enabling the heating of the heating network return water (usually 40-50°C) to a temperature (usually 70-90°C) that meets the heating requirements, achieving efficient recovery and utilization of exhaust steam waste heat.

[0115] The tube side of the high-backpressure condenser is physically separated or logically divided into a heating network water heat exchange zone and a cooling water heat exchange zone. The inlet of the heating network water heat exchange zone is connected to the return water pipeline of the regional heating network through a heating network return water pipeline, and the outlet is connected to the supply water pipeline of the regional heating network through a heating network supply water pipeline, forming a heating network circulating water loop. The inlet of the cooling water heat exchange zone is connected to the conventional cooling circulating water system (such as a cooling tower system) of the power plant through a cooling water supply pipeline, and the outlet is connected to the cooling circulating water system through a cooling water return pipeline. A low-flow regulation subsystem independent of the main circulating water pump is provided on the cooling water supply pipeline. The subsystem includes at least one low-flow variable frequency circulating water pump and one precision regulating valve, which is used to realize precise and continuous regulation of the cooling water flow into the cooling water heat exchange zone within the range of 1000 t / h to 6000 t / h.

[0116] The physical separation scheme is the preferred scheme. In the physical separation scheme, a permanent partition plate is installed inside the condenser shell to strictly divide the tube side into two hydraulically isolated chambers, which form the heating network water heat exchange zone and the cooling water heat exchange zone, respectively. The two zones have independent tube sheets, water chambers, and interfaces. This scheme has good sealing performance, does not affect each other, and has high reliability. The partition area can be designed asymmetrically according to the design heat load ratio, for example, the heating network water heat exchange zone usually accounts for 60%-80%.

[0117] The logical separation scheme requires modification and has a higher cost. An intelligent valve group (such as a three-way valve or a series of linked shut-off valves) can be configured on the original single water chamber inlet and outlet pipelines to logically divide them. By controlling the opening and closing combination of the valves, the original complete tube bundle is logically divided into two virtual heat exchange zones with independently adjustable flow rates. This scheme has high flexibility but relatively complex control.

[0118] Specifically, the heat network water heat exchange circuit is a relatively independent closed system, the heat network return water pipeline comes from the regional heat supply pipeline network, first passes through the heat network circulating water pump to increase the pressure, and then enters the inlet water chamber of the heat network water heat exchange area. In the process of flowing through the heat exchange pipe bundle in the area, the condensation latent heat of the steam turbine exhaust steam is absorbed, the temperature is increased, and then the exhaust steam flows out from the outlet water chamber and is transported to the heat user through the heat network water supply pipeline.

[0119] The cooling water heat exchange circuit is connected with the original cooling circulating water system of the power plant, and the cooling water supply pipeline is drawn from the cooling tower water collecting pool or after the main circulating water pump;

[0120] The traditional cooling water system is designed to meet the pure condensation condition, and the rated flow is huge. Under the subarea operation, the cooling water side is only used to take away the excess heat to adjust the back pressure, and the required flow is very small (usually less than 10% of the main flow). If the main system is directly used, even if the valve is closed to a very small opening, the flow is still much higher than the demand, the adjustment is rough, the energy consumption is high, and the economic efficiency is easily deteriorated;

[0121] Based on the above reasons, a low-flow regulation subsystem is provided, which is a small and fine power and regulation device independently arranged on the cooling water supply pipeline. The low-flow regulation subsystem includes a low-flow variable frequency circulating water pump. The low-flow variable frequency circulating water pump selects a small power variable frequency pump, and the rated flow range is accurately matched with the economic flow demand of the subarea operation (such as 1000t / h to 6000t / h);

[0122] The precision regulating valve adopts an electric or pneumatic regulating valve, which cooperates with the low-flow variable frequency circulating water pump to finely adjust the flow and realize the sealing of the shutdown, and provides redundant control;

[0123] This subsystem realizes accurate, stable and efficient control of small flow cooling water. By changing the pump frequency, the flow into the cooling water heat exchange area can be accurately controlled, so as to finely adjust the total heat exchange capacity of the condenser and the back pressure, meet the demand of peak power output, and avoid excessive cooling water from causing excessive "cold source loss", and ensure that the waste heat recovery ratio is maintained in the high efficiency range;

[0124] The specific operation principle is that, during the heating period, the heat network water heat exchange area serves as the main cold source and undertakes the condensation task of the exhaust steam corresponding to the basic heat load. When it is necessary to increase the electric power (peak operation), the intelligent control unit starts the low-flow regulation subsystem, increases the cooling water flow, enhances the cooling capacity, reduces the condenser back pressure, and improves the steam turbine power output. The two heat exchange areas share the same steam space on the condenser shell side, and jointly determine the vacuum degree (back pressure) of the condenser. However, through independent segmentation and control of the pipe side, the heat network circulating water (heat supply) and the cooling circulating water (peak regulation) are decoupled and coordinated;

[0125] The carbon capture unit includes an absorption tower, a regeneration tower, a lean- rich liquid heat exchanger, a reboiler, and a tower top condenser.

[0126] The absorption tower is a vertical packed tower or a plate tower, flue gas (about 40-55℃) from the tail of the boiler after dust removal and desulfurization enters from the bottom, flows from bottom to top, lean amine liquid (such as 30% MEA aqueous solution) is sprayed from the top of the tower, in the tower, CO2 in the flue gas is chemically reacted with the amine liquid and is absorbed, the purified flue gas is discharged from the top of the tower, and the absorption process is an exothermic reaction;

[0127] The regeneration tower is also a vertical tower, the rich amine liquid absorbing CO2 enters from the top of the tower, flows downward in the tower, is heated to 105-120℃ by the heat provided by the reboiler at the bottom of the tower, releases high-concentration CO2 gas, and the solution is regenerated into lean amine liquid, and the temperature of the reboiler heat source needs to be strictly controlled to avoid thermal degradation of the amine liquid;

[0128] The lean-rich liquid heat exchanger is a large plate or shell-and-tube heat exchanger, high-temperature lean amine liquid flowing from the bottom of the regeneration tower exchanges heat with low-temperature rich amine liquid from the absorption tower, energy is recovered, and the energy consumption of the regeneration tower is reduced;

[0129] A large amount of saturated steam or slightly superheated steam required by the reboiler is taken from the extraction steam of the steam turbine, and the preferred scheme is the extraction steam of the medium-pressure cylinder, because after preliminary optimization of the pressure (usually 0.5-1.0 MPa) and temperature (about 250-300℃), the extraction steam can better match the requirements of the reboiler (such as 0.2-0.3 MPa saturated steam), and the loss during the steam temperature reduction and pressure reduction process can be minimized;

[0130] A pressure regulating valve and a temperature reducer are arranged on the extraction pipe to ensure that the steam parameters entering the reboiler are stable and suitable, the reboiler is essentially a large steam-solution heat exchanger, steam is condensed and heat is released on the shell side, and the condensate is recovered through the drain system, the drain is preferentially introduced into the deaerator or the inlet of a high-pressure heater at a certain level for recovery due to its clean water quality and high temperature (close to the saturation temperature under the steam pressure of the reboiler), and the working fluid and heat are recovered, the water supply rate of the system is reduced, and the energy loss is reduced;

[0131] The tower top condenser is a mixture of CO2, water vapor and a small amount of amine liquid discharged from the top of the regeneration tower, and the temperature is relatively high (about 90-100℃), the function of the tower top condenser is to condense most of the water vapor and return it to the regeneration tower to maintain the water balance, and high-purity CO2 product gas is obtained;

[0132] The tower top condenser is directly used as an effective component of the unit back heating system in the scheme;

[0133] Specifically, the condensate water system of the integrated access unit is used to introduce part or all of the main condensate water after the main condensate pump and before the low-pressure heater system into the tube side of the overhead condenser as a cooling medium, so that the main condensate water is heated when flowing through the overhead condenser and absorbs a large amount of low-temperature heat that originally needs to be dissipated through circulating water. After the heat is recovered, the required steam extraction of the last stage or two stages of the low-pressure heater can be reduced or even completely replaced, and the saved steam extraction can continue to expand in the steam turbine to generate power, thereby significantly offsetting part of the energy consumption of the carbon capture system itself.

[0134] The intelligent control unit fuses multi-source information and commands the actions of each execution mechanism in real time through an optimization algorithm, and the intelligent control unit is specifically composed of the following software and hardware modules in cooperation:

[0135] The data acquisition and processing module is composed of input / output cards of a distributed control system (DCS), a data acquisition device and an industrial network, and is in high-speed communication connection with field sensors and actuators.

[0136] The collected signals include: energy flow signals including unit actual power (MW), main steam pressure / temperature / flow (MPa, ℃, t / h), steam extraction parameters of each stage (pressure, temperature, flow), feedwater flow and temperature, hot water supply / backwater temperature and flow (℃, t / h), condenser absolute pressure (back pressure, kPa);

[0137] Material flow signals including flue gas flow and CO2 concentration (inlet / outlet), amine liquid circulation flow, carbon capture rate (%);

[0138] Device state signals including operating frequency / current of low-flow frequency conversion pump, opening degree (%) of precision regulating valve, reboiler steam extraction regulating valve opening degree, reboiler steam pressure / temperature, heater terminal difference;

[0139] External instruction signals including automatic generation control (AGC) instructions (target load, MW) issued by power grid dispatching, heating load instructions (GJ / h) and carbon capture rate instructions (%) issued by the upper system;

[0140] The collected data are filtered, validity tested, engineering unit converted, and key performance indicators (KPIs) such as real-time power supply coal consumption (g / kWh), waste heat recovery ratio (r) and carbon capture energy consumption rate (GJ / tCO2) are calculated in real time to provide input for optimization decision-making;

[0141] The real-time power supply coal consumption is the mass of standard coal consumed by the unit for supplying 1 kilowatt-hour of electricity to the outside, and the calculation formula is:

[0142]

[0143] wherein:

[0144] : real-time coal consumption for power supply, unit: gram / kilowatt-hour (g / kWh);

[0145] : net standard coal consumption, unit: ton / hour (t / h);

[0146] Specifically,

[0147] : total heat input of the boiler (GJ / h), which can be calculated by the amount of coal fed into the boiler and the low calorific value: = × , (the coal consumption t / h, is the received low calorific value GJ / t) ;

[0148] : heat supply to the outside (GJ / h), including high back pressure recovery heat and steam extraction heat supply, wherein is the steam extraction flow rate, is the steam extraction enthalpy, is the feed water enthalpy;

[0149] : boiler efficiency (%), which is a relatively stable design value or a regularly tested value;

[0150] 29271: the calorific value of standard coal (kJ / kg), which is used to convert heat (GJ / h) into standard coal quantity (t / h), (1 GJ=10^6 kJ, 1 t=1000 kg, so the conversion coefficient is 10^6 / (29,271*1000)≈1 / 29.271, which has been simplified in the formula) ;

[0151] : on-grid power (power supply power), unit: megawatt (MW), wherein, : generator end power (MW), : auxiliary power (MW) ;

[0152] The part of the total coal consumption for heat supply is deducted, and then the remaining net power generation coal consumption is allocated to the on-grid power, so as to objectively evaluate the energy efficiency level of the power generation side;

[0153] The waste heat recovery ratio (r) is the proportion of the heat taken away by the heat supply circulating water and used for heat supply in the total heat exchange amount of the condenser, and the calculation formula is:

[0154] ​

[0155] in:

[0156] r: Waste heat recovery ratio;

[0157] Heat exchange capacity of heating network water, unit: kW;

[0158] Total heat exchange of the condenser, unit: kW;

[0159] Mass flow rate of circulating water entering the condenser heat exchange zone, unit: kg / h;

[0160] Mass flow rate of cooling circulating water entering the condenser cooling water heat exchange zone, unit: kg / h;

[0161] The specific heat capacity of water at constant pressure can be considered a constant, for example, 4.18 kJ / (kg·℃);

[0162] Temperature of circulating water entering and leaving the condenser's heat exchange zone, unit: °C;

[0163] Temperature of cooling circulating water entering and leaving the condenser cooling water heat exchange zone, unit: °C;

[0164] The waste heat recovery ratio directly reflects the core benefits of high back pressure heating; the higher the r-value, the more fully the waste heat of the exhaust steam is utilized, the smaller the cold source loss, and the better the heating economy; one of the core tasks of the intelligent control unit is to regulate the cooling water flow rate. While meeting the back pressure requirements, maintain a high r value as much as possible;

[0165] Carbon capture energy efficiency (GJ / tCO2) is the amount of heat required to capture and compress a unit mass (1 ton) of carbon dioxide.

[0166] Calculation formula:

[0167]

[0168] in:

[0169] Carbon capture energy efficiency, unit: GJ / tCO2;

[0170] Total heat consumption of the reboiler, unit: GJ / h ;

[0171] : Mass flow rate of extraction steam into the reboiler, unit: t / h;

[0172] : Specific enthalpy of extraction steam into the reboiler, unit: kJ / kg;

[0173] : Specific enthalpy of drain steam leaving the reboiler, unit: kJ / kg;

[0174] The unit is kJ / kg, The unit is t / h (i.e. 1000 kg / h), so GJ / h;

[0175] : Carbon dioxide capture rate, unit: t / h, ;

[0176] : Flue gas volume flow rate into the absorber, unit: m³ / h (converted to standard state);

[0177] : CO2 volume concentration in flue gas at the absorber inlet, unit: ppm (parts per million);

[0178] : CO2 volume concentration in flue gas at the absorber outlet, unit: ppm;

[0179] : Density of carbon dioxide under standard state, about 1.96 kg / m 3 ;

[0180] The volume fraction of CO2 is multiplied by the flue gas flow rate and density to obtain the mass flow rate of CO2 (kg / h), and then divided by 1000 to obtain t / h;

[0181] The carbon dioxide capture rate directly measures the energy efficiency of the carbon capture unit; The lower the value, the smaller the energy cost for capturing the same amount of CO2, and the lower the carbon emission reduction cost of the system. One of the optimization goals is to reduce ;

[0182] The multi-objective optimization decision module is embedded with a real-time optimization engine based on an improved adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm (AWPSO). The algorithm balances the global search and local development capabilities by dynamically adjusting the inertia weight, and is suitable for solving the nonlinear and strongly coupled optimization problems in the present application;

[0183] Thermoelectric carbon comprehensive energy efficiency index (objective function): Objective function ; Wherein:

[0184] : power supply efficiency, calculated as (power generation power - auxiliary power) / standard coal consumption heat;

[0185] : waste heat recovery ratio, representing heat supply economy;

[0186] : carbon capture energy consumption rate, calculated as reboiler heat consumption / unit time CO2 capture amount, representing carbon capture efficiency;

[0187] w1, w2, w3: dynamic weight coefficient; can be automatically adjusted according to the operation mode: w1 increases at the peak output, w2 increases in the heating season, and w3 increases when the carbon constraint is strict;

[0188] Specific range and constraints of decision variables:

[0189] V1: low flow frequency conversion pump frequency (Hz), corresponding to cooling water flow (1,000-6,000t / h); constraint: condenser back pressure is not lower than the lower limit of safe operation of low pressure cylinder (such as 20kPa);

[0190] V2: reboiler steam extraction regulating valve opening (%), corresponding to steam extraction pressure; constraint: steam extraction pressure needs to meet the minimum requirement of reboiler (such as 0.2MPa), and the temperature is lower than the threshold of amine liquid degradation (such as 122℃);

[0191] V3: regulation parameters of regenerative system, such as pressure set value of adjustable steam extraction port or bypass valve opening of certain stage heater; constraint: feedwater temperature, deaerator pressure, etc. are within the safe range;

[0192] Optimization period: the multi-objective optimization decision module takes 5-15 minutes as an optimization period, and executes rolling; in each period, the latest field data is used to drive the AWPSO algorithm to search in the decision variable space to find the optimal solution set that maximizes the objective function J ;

[0193] The actuator control module receives the optimal solution set from the optimization decision module , and converts it into control instructions;

[0194] The control instructions include: for the low flow frequency conversion pump, PID control is adopted to take its frequency as the control object, so that the cooling water flow quickly and smoothly tracks The corresponding flow set value;

[0195] PID control is also used for the reboiler extraction steam regulating valve, with the extraction steam pressure as the controlled variable, to make it stable at the corresponding pressure set value;

[0196] For the related regulating mechanisms of the regenerative system, the corresponding analog command is issued according to the type;

[0197] The actuator control module also has built-in safety logic that can automatically switch to a preset safety mode or manual mode when a device failure or critical parameter out-of-limit is detected, and can achieve non-disturbance switching of control commands to ensure the safety of the unit.

[0198] The operation control process of the condenser partition operation control system based on high back pressure heating includes the following steps:

[0199] S1: Data acquisition, the data acquisition module of the intelligent control unit continuously acquires real-time data from the entire system:

[0200] From the high back pressure heating unit: power generation power, main steam flow, steam pressure / temperature at each point, condenser back pressure;

[0201] From the condenser partition unit: hot water supply / return water temperature and flow, cooling water flow, low flow frequency conversion pump frequency, regulating valve opening;

[0202] From the carbon capture unit: CO2 concentration at the inlet and outlet of the flue gas, amine liquid circulation amount, reboiler extraction steam parameters;

[0203] And from the outside: AGC peak shaving instruction (requirement to increase or decrease power generation power), regional heating dispatching instruction (heat load demand), carbon emission index requirement (carbon capture rate target);

[0204] S2: Target setting, set the current priority operation mode in the intelligent control unit, for example:

[0205] Mode A (economic priority): pursue the highest comprehensive energy efficiency while meeting the basic power supply, heating and carbon capture requirements;

[0206] Mode B (peak output priority): respond to the grid peak shaving instruction, try to improve the power generation output, and maintain the heating and carbon capture rate at the acceptable lower limit;

[0207] Mode C (carbon capture priority): ensure high carbon capture rate, and optimize power generation and heating within the constraint range;

[0208] S3: Performance index calculation, the data processing module calculates three key performance indicators (KPIs) in real time based on the collected raw data: real-time power supply coal consumption ( ), waste heat recovery ratio (r), and carbon capture energy consumption rate ( );

[0209] S4: Multi-objective optimization solution, multi-objective optimization decision module is activated, according to the current set operation mode, adjust the dynamic weight (w1, w2, w3) in the objective function, for example, adjust high w1 in the peak mode, adjust high w2 and w3 in the economic mode;

[0210] The adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm (AWPSO) built in the multi-objective optimization decision module starts optimization, the algorithm takes the current cooling water flow, reboiler steam extraction pressure, etc. As the initial particle, under the premise of meeting all safety constraints (such as lower limit of back pressure, upper limit of amine temperature), search in the decision variable space;

[0211] After iterative calculation, the algorithm outputs a set of optimal set value combination , that is:

[0212] : Optimal cooling water flow set value (achieved by variable frequency pump frequency);

[0213] : Optimal reboiler steam extraction pressure set value (achieved by steam extraction regulating valve);

[0214] : Heat recovery system optimization parameters (such as adjusting steam extraction point or heater bypass);

[0215] S5: Instruction issuing and execution, the actuator control module converts the optimal set value into specific control signal and issues it to each actuator;

[0216] Instruction to condenser partition unit: adjust the frequency of low-flow variable frequency circulating water pump and the opening of precision regulating valve, so that the flow of cooling water into the heat exchange area is accurately and stably at ;

[0217] Instruction to the heat recovery system of high back pressure heating unit: adjust the related steam valve or switching device, change the operation state of the heat recovery system, and realize the optimization goal of ;

[0218] Instruction to carbon capture unit: adjust the regulating valve on the reboiler steam extraction pipeline to stabilize the steam extraction pressure at ;

[0219] S6: System state migration, the action of each actuator causes a chain reaction of the whole thermal system:

[0220] If increases (cooling water flow increases), the condenser back pressure decreases, the steam turbine power increases, but at the same time the waste heat recovery ratio r decreases;

[0221] If​ Changes (Reboiler steam source optimization), Carbon capture energy rate Changes occur, which affect the steam turbine extraction distribution and work;

[0222] Adjustment of the regenerative system optimizes the feedwater temperature, which affects the boiler efficiency and the overall cycle thermal efficiency;

[0223] S7: Result feedback, after the system runs for a few minutes under the new parameters, the data acquisition module collects the full system data again, and calculates the new round of KPI values;

[0224] S8: Performance evaluation and re-optimization: the intelligent control unit compares the new KPI values with the expected target;

[0225] If the expected target is reached or the change tends to be stable, the current parameters are maintained, and the next optimization cycle is entered;

[0226] If the expected target is not reached or external instructions / boundary conditions change (such as a sudden decrease in thermal load), a new round of "perception-decision-execution" cycle is triggered immediately, and the system is dynamically adjusted to a new optimal operating condition.

[0227] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described, but as long as the combination of the technical features does not exist, it should be considered as the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A condenser zone operation control system based on high back pressure heating, characterized in that, include: High back pressure heating unit, condenser zoning unit, carbon capture unit and intelligent control unit; The high back pressure heating unit includes a steam turbine, a generator, a boiler, and a high back pressure condenser. The exhaust port of the steam turbine is connected to the shell side of the high back pressure condenser, so that its exhaust steam can be used as a heat source. The condenser partitioning unit divides the tube side of the high back pressure condenser into a heat network water heat exchange zone and a cooling water heat exchange zone. The heat network water heat exchange zone is connected to the heat network circulating water system, and the cooling water heat exchange zone is connected to the power plant cooling circulating water system. The carbon capture unit includes an absorption tower, a regeneration tower, a lean and rich liquid heat exchanger, a reboiler, and a tower top condenser. It uses chemical absorption to capture CO2 in boiler flue gas, and the heat source for its reboiler comes from the extraction steam from the steam turbine. The gas discharged from the top of the regeneration tower by the condenser at the top of the tower is a mixture of CO2, water vapor and trace amounts of amine liquid; The intelligent control unit is connected to the high back-pressure heating unit, condenser zoning unit, and carbon capture unit. It integrates multi-source information and, through optimization algorithms, directs the actions of each actuator in real time. The intelligent control unit includes: The data acquisition and processing module collects field signals, filters the acquired data, verifies its validity, converts it to engineering units, and calculates key performance indicators (KPIs) in real time. These KPIs include real-time power supply coal consumption. Waste heat recovery ratio r, carbon capture energy consumption rate This provides input for optimizing decision-making; The multi-objective optimization decision module embeds a real-time optimization engine based on an improved adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm, outputting the optimal solution set that maximizes the objective function J. ; The actuator control module receives the optimal solution set from the optimization decision module. And convert it into control commands.

2. The condenser zone operation control system based on high back pressure heating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tube side of the high back pressure condenser is physically divided into a heat exchange zone for heating network water and a heat exchange zone for cooling water. The inlet of the heat exchange zone for heating network water is connected to the return water pipeline of the regional heating network through the heat network return water pipeline, and its outlet is connected to the supply water pipeline of the regional heating network through the heat network supply water pipeline, forming a heat network circulating water loop. The inlet of the heat exchange zone for cooling water is connected to the cooling circulating water system through the cooling water supply pipe, and its outlet is connected to the cooling circulating water system through the cooling water return water pipeline. A low flow regulating subsystem independent of the main circulating water pump is installed on the cooling water supply pipe. This subsystem includes at least one low flow variable frequency circulating water pump and one precision regulating valve. The precision regulating valve is an electric or pneumatic regulating valve that works in conjunction with a low-flow variable frequency circulating water pump.

3. The condenser zone operation control system based on high back pressure heating according to claim 1, characterized in that, Field signals include: energy flow signals, which include the unit's actual power output, main steam pressure / temperature / flow rate, extraction steam parameters for each section, feedwater flow rate and temperature, heating network supply / return water temperature and flow rate, and condenser absolute pressure; Material flow signals include flue gas flow rate and CO2 concentration, amine liquid circulation flow rate, and carbon capture rate; Equipment status signals include the operating frequency / current of the low-flow variable frequency pump, the opening degree of the precision regulating valve, the opening degree of the reboiler extraction steam regulating valve, the reboiler steam pressure / temperature, and the terminal difference of each heater. External command signals include automatic generation control commands issued by the power grid dispatch center, heating load commands issued by the superior system, and carbon capture rate commands.

4. The condenser zone operation control system based on high back pressure heating according to claim 1, characterized in that, Real-time power supply coal consumption The formula for calculating the mass of standard coal consumed by the unit to supply 1 kilowatt-hour of electricity is as follows: ； in: Real-time coal consumption for power supply, unit: grams per kilowatt-hour (g / kWh); Net standard coal consumption, unit: tons / hour (t / h); Specifically ; The total heat input of the boiler (GJ / h) can be calculated using the amount of coal fed into the boiler and the lower heating value. = × , This represents the raw coal consumption in tons per hour (t / h). The received lower heating value is GJ / t; External heat supply (GJ / h) includes heat recovered from high back pressure and heat supplied through steam extraction. ,in This refers to the steam extraction flow rate. For extraction enthalpy, For water enthalpy; Boiler efficiency (%) 29271: Calorific value of standard coal (kJ / kg), used to convert heat (GJ / h) into standard coal quantity (t / h); Electricity supplied to the grid, unit: megawatts (MW). ,in, Generator terminal power (MW) Plant power consumption (MW).

5. The condenser zone operation control system based on high back pressure heating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waste heat recovery ratio r is the proportion of heat carried away by the heating network circulating water and used for heating in the total heat exchange of the condenser. The calculation formula is: ； in: r: Waste heat recovery ratio; Heat exchange capacity of heating network water, unit: kW; Total heat exchange of the condenser, unit: kW; Mass flow rate of circulating water entering the condenser heat exchange zone, unit: kg / h; Mass flow rate of cooling circulating water entering the condenser cooling water heat exchange zone, unit: kg / h; The specific heat capacity of water at constant pressure can be considered a constant. Temperature of circulating water entering and leaving the condenser's heat exchange zone, unit: °C; Temperature of cooling circulating water entering and leaving the condenser cooling water heat exchange zone, unit: °C.

6. The condenser zone operation control system based on high back pressure heating according to claim 1, characterized in that, Carbon capture energy efficiency The amount of heat required to capture and compress a unit mass of carbon dioxide; Calculation formula: ； in: Carbon capture energy efficiency, unit: GJ / tCO2; Total heat consumption of the reboiler, unit: GJ / h ; : Mass flow rate of extraction steam entering the reboiler, unit: t / h; Specific enthalpy of steam entering the reboiler, unit: kJ / kg; Specific enthalpy of hydrophobicity leaving the reboiler, unit: kJ / kg; The unit is kJ / kg. The unit is t / h (i.e., 1000 kg / h), therefore GJ / h; Carbon dioxide capture rate, unit: t / h ; : Volumetric flow rate of flue gas entering the absorption tower, unit: m³ / h (needs to be converted to standard conditions); Volume concentration of CO2 in the flue gas at the inlet of the absorption tower, unit: ppm (parts per million); Volume concentration of CO2 in the flue gas at the outlet of the absorption tower, in ppm; The density of carbon dioxide under standard conditions is approximately 1.96 kg / m³. The volume fraction of CO2 is multiplied by the flue gas flow rate and density to obtain the mass flow rate of CO2 (kg / h), and then divided by 1000 to obtain t / h.

7. The condenser zone operation control system based on high back pressure heating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The objective function based on the improved adaptive particle swarm algorithm is the comprehensive energy efficiency index of thermoelectric carbon. ； in: Power supply efficiency; Waste heat recovery ratio; Carbon capture energy efficiency; w1, w2, w3: Dynamic weighting coefficients; automatically adjusted according to the operating mode: w1 increases during peak output, w2 increases during the heating season, and w3 increases when carbon constraints are strict. Specific scope and constraints of decision variables: V1: Low-flow variable frequency pump frequency (Hz), corresponding to cooling water flow rate. Constraint: Condenser back pressure shall not be lower than the safe operating limit of the low-pressure cylinder. V2: Reboiler extraction steam regulating valve opening (%), corresponding extraction steam pressure, constraint: the extraction steam pressure must meet the minimum requirements of the reboiler, and the temperature must be lower than the amine degradation threshold; V3: Regenerative system regulation parameters; Constraints: Feedwater temperature, deaerator pressure, etc., must be within safe limits; The multi-objective optimization decision module executes in a rolling cycle of 5-15 minutes. Within each cycle, it uses the latest field data to drive the AWPSO algorithm to search the decision variable space for the optimal solution set that maximizes the objective function J. .

8. The condenser zone operation control system based on high back pressure heating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control commands include: for low-flow variable frequency pumps, PID control is used, with the frequency as the controlled object, to make the cooling water flow track... The corresponding flow rate setting; For the reboiler extraction steam regulating valve, PID control is used, with the extraction steam pressure as the controlled variable, to stabilize it at... The corresponding pressure setting value; For the relevant regulating mechanisms of the regenerative system, according to The type is determined, and corresponding analog quantity commands are issued.

9. The condenser zone operation control system based on high back pressure heating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operation control process of the condenser zone operation control system based on high back pressure heating includes the following steps: S1: Data Acquisition. The data acquisition module of the intelligent control unit continuously acquires real-time data from the entire system. Obtain the following data from the high back pressure heating unit: power generation, main steam flow, steam pressure / temperature at various points, and condenser back pressure; Obtain the following from the condenser zone unit: heating network supply / return water temperature and flow rate, cooling water flow rate, low-flow variable frequency pump frequency, and regulating valve opening; Obtain the following from the carbon capture unit: flue gas inlet and outlet CO2 concentration, amine liquid circulation rate, and reboiler extraction parameters; In addition, externally obtained information includes: power grid AGC peak-shaving instructions, regional heating dispatch instructions, and carbon emission target requirements; S2: Target setting, sets the current priority operating mode in the intelligent control unit; S3: Performance index calculation. The data processing module calculates three key performance indicators (KPIs) in real time based on the collected raw data: real-time power supply coal consumption. Waste heat recovery ratio r, carbon capture energy consumption rate ; S4: Multi-objective optimization solution. The multi-objective optimization decision module is activated, and the objective function is adjusted according to the currently set operating mode. The dynamic weights (w1, w2, w3) in the equation; After iterative calculations, the algorithm outputs a set of optimal combinations of setpoints. ,Right now: Optimal cooling water flow rate setting; Optimal reboiler extraction pressure setpoint; Optimized parameters for the regenerative system; S5: Command issuance and execution. The actuator control module converts the optimized setpoints into specific control signals and issues them to each actuator. Command to condenser zone unit: Adjust the frequency of the low-flow variable frequency circulating water pump and the opening of the precision regulating valve to precisely stabilize the flow rate into the cooling water heat exchange zone. ; Command to the regenerative system of the high back pressure heating unit: Adjust relevant extraction steam valves or switching devices to change the operating state of the regenerative system and achieve... The optimization objective; Command to carbon capture unit: Adjust the regulating valve on the reboiler extraction steam line to stabilize the extraction steam pressure at... ; S6: System state transition, the actions of each actuator cause a chain reaction throughout the entire thermal system: like If the pressure is increased, the condenser back pressure will decrease, the turbine's work capacity will increase, and the power generation will rise, but at the same time the waste heat recovery ratio r will decrease. like Changes will affect the carbon capture energy consumption rate. The changes affected the steam turbine's extraction steam distribution and power output. The adjustment and optimization of the regenerative system affected the feedwater temperature, which in turn affected the boiler efficiency and the overall cycle thermal efficiency. S7: Results feedback. After the system runs for several minutes under the new parameters, the data acquisition module collects data from the entire system again and calculates a new round of KPI values. S8: Performance Evaluation and Re-optimization: The intelligent control unit compares the new KPI values ​​with the expected targets; If the expected goal is achieved or the changes tend to stabilize, maintain the current parameters and enter the next optimization cycle; If the expected results are not achieved, or if external instructions / boundary conditions change, a new cycle is immediately triggered to dynamically adjust the system to a new optimal operating condition.

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