Device for monitoring flow velocity of underground water in irrigated area

Abstract

The invention provides an irrigation area underground water flow velocity monitoring device. The device comprises a shaft and a probe assembly, the shaft is provided with a plurality of screen drum sections which are vertically spaced, and an annular frustum with the upper ring end face gradually inclining downwards from outside to inside is formed between every two adjacent screen drum sections; a lens assembly (guiding light to a camera assembly) and the camera assembly are arranged in a transparent housing, a wiping ring capable of moving up and down is slidably sleeved outside the housing, a wing paddle is hinged outside the wiping ring through a torsional spring, and the wing paddle is vertically blocked with an annular frustum when unfolded and can penetrate through the center of the annular frustum after being turned up. The wing paddle is matched with the annular frustum, so that the housing is cleaned once when the probe assembly passes through a screen drum section, and the view finding effect of the camera is optimized; the annular frustum can enable the water flow beam to realize water beam sand tapping, gravels outside the shaft and the probe assembly are cleaned, the problem that the underground flow velocity sensor in the irrigation area of the Yellow River basin is easily attached by silt to be misaligned is solved, and the underground water flow velocity measurement precision is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of automatic monitoring of groundwater flow velocity, and particularly to a groundwater flow velocity automatic monitoring device suitable for monitoring the flow velocity of the Yellow River to the desert between the desert-irrigation area-Yellow River. BACKGROUND

[0002] In some monitoring of the flow velocity of the Yellow River to the desert between the desert-irrigation area-Yellow River, a groundwater flow velocity measuring device using image recognition technology is used. Specifically, the groundwater flow velocity measuring device mainly comprises a well shaft and a measuring assembly, wherein a water layer opening corresponding to each water layer is arranged on the wall of the well shaft, and the measuring assembly comprises a water level probe, a flow velocity probe and a well diameter measuring instrument connected in sequence from top to bottom, wherein the flow velocity probe comprises a transparent tube shell and a lens group and a miniature camera in the transparent tube shell, the miniature camera is used to collect video information in the well shaft, the flow velocity and flow direction of colloidal particles in the water body are obtained by analyzing the video information, then the water quantity per unit volume is calculated by multiplying the flow velocity by the well pipe section area, and then the water flow velocity data between the groundwater layers is obtained. However, in the groundwater between the desert-irrigation area-Yellow River, due to the irrigation return water recharge, the suspended particles (particle size is mostly 0.005-0.1mm) in the water are easy to adhere to the surface of the transparent tube shell of the flow velocity probe, forming a dense mud film, so that the miniature camera cannot accurately capture the video information, and then the flow velocity calculation deviation (the actual measurement error can be more than 30%) is caused, and the flow velocity of the groundwater cannot be accurately reflected. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the above problems, the present application is proposed in order to provide an irrigation area groundwater flow velocity monitoring device which overcomes the above problems or at least partially solves the above problems, can solve the problem that the groundwater flow velocity sensor in the irrigation area of the Yellow River basin is easy to be attached by silt and cause misalignment, and achieve the purpose of improving the measurement accuracy of the groundwater flow velocity.

[0004] Specifically, the present application provides an irrigation area groundwater flow velocity monitoring device, comprising:

[0005] a well shaft having a plurality of screen cylinder segments spaced in sequence from top to bottom and forming an annular frustum between each adjacent two, wherein the upper ring end face of the annular frustum is a slope or a curved surface gradually inclined downward from outside to inside;

[0006] a probe assembly for traveling downward in the well shaft, and comprising a transparent housing, a lens assembly and a camera assembly arranged in the housing, the lens assembly being used to guide the light outside the housing to the camera assembly; a wiping ring reciprocatingly moving up and down is sleeved outside the housing, and a wing paddle outside the wiping ring is hinged by a torsional spring, the wing paddle being used to abut against the annular frustum in an unfolded state and being capable of passing through the center of the annular frustum after being folded upward.

[0007] Further, the wiping ring is connected with an outer follow-up race, the outer periphery of the follow-up race is defined with at least two mounting slots, each of the mounting slots is uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and each of the mounting slots has a slot opening outward and upward, a first slot wall at the lower side and a second slot wall at the inner side, the first slot wall and the second slot wall are circularly transitioned and perpendicular to each other; the wings are multiple, and the roots of the wings are correspondingly hinged in the mounting slots respectively, so that the roots of the wings are stopped by the first slot wall in the unfolded state of the wings, and the roots of the wings are stopped by the second slot wall after the wings are turned over.

[0008] Further, a vertical guide rod is further provided parallel outside the cover, the wiping ring is slidingly sleeved on the vertical guide rod, and the wiping ring is coaxially connected with the follow-up race through a bearing, so that the follow-up race rotates relative to the wiping ring under the horizontal flow force of the water flow.

[0009] Further, a guide ball head is connected to the lower end of the cover, the upper end of the guide ball head is exposed from the outer periphery of the cover, a tension spring is connected between the exposed part of the guide ball head and the wiping ring, and the tension spring is used to pull the wiping ring downward, so that the wiping ring drives the follow-up race to return downward after the probe assembly passes through the annular frustum.

[0010] Further, the lens assembly is located below the camera assembly, and comprises a wide-angle lens, a reflecting lens and a fill light which are sequentially and spaced apart from top to bottom, the wide-angle lens is located at the top of the cover, the reflecting lens is a plate-shaped body which is inclined to the left or right from top to bottom, and both surfaces of the reflecting lens are reflective surfaces, and the fill light is located at the bottom of the cover and is used to emit light upward, so that the bottom surface of the reflecting lens reflects light outward of the cover, and the top surface of the reflecting lens reflects light outward of the cover to the wide-angle lens.

[0011] Further, there is an annular gap between the reflecting lens and the cover.

[0012] Further, the reflecting lens is connected with a driving motor, the driving motor is used to drive the reflecting lens to rotate around the axis of the cover, and the fill light is connected to the shell of the driving motor.

[0013] Further, the probe assembly comprises a control module connected with the camera assembly, or the probe assembly is connected with a control module used to interact with the camera assembly, and the control module is configured to:

[0014] continuously acquire hydrological pictures at multiple time points, and identify target particles from each of the hydrological pictures;

[0015] identify the position and size of the target particle in each of the hydrological pictures;

[0016] compare the size of the target particle in each of the hydrological pictures to determine the moving direction of the target particle;

[0017] calculate the moving speed of the target particle according to the position of the target particle in each of the hydrological pictures;

[0018] obtain the water flow velocity expressed by a speed vector according to the moving direction and the moving speed of the target particle.

[0019] The present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The irrigation area underground water flow velocity monitoring device of the present application, by adopting the cooperation of the wing and the ring-shaped conical frustum, makes the probe assembly clean the cover once every time it passes through a section of the screen cylinder (which can correspond to different water layers or different heights of the same water layer), so as to improve the effect of the camera assembly in the probe assembly taking pictures from the cover. At the same time, the setting of the ring-shaped conical frustum makes the water flow appear the effect of beam flow during the process of flowing from top to bottom, so as to achieve the function of water beam attacking sand, and further clean the sand and gravel inside the wellbore and outside the probe assembly. Therefore, the irrigation area underground water flow velocity monitoring device of the present application solves the problem that the underground flow velocity sensor in the irrigation area of the Yellow River Basin is easily attached by sand, resulting in misalignment, and achieves the purpose of improving the measurement accuracy of underground water flow velocity.

[0021] The above and other objects, advantages and features of the present application will become more apparent from the following detailed description of some embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] Some specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are shown by way of example and not limitation. The same reference numbers in the drawings indicate the same or similar components or parts. Those skilled in the art should understand that these drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of an irrigation area underground water flow velocity monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 is a partial enlarged view of A in Figure 1

[0025] Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of an irrigation area underground water flow velocity monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present application, shown from another perspective (rotated 90° relative to Figure 1

[0026] Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of an irrigation area underground water flow velocity monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present application, shown from another perspective (rotated 90° relative to Figure 3 ​​A local enlarged view at B.

[0027] Wherein, the wellbore 100, the screen cylinder segment 110, the annular frustum 120;

[0028] The probe assembly 200, the cover 210, the lens assembly 220, the wide-angle lens 221, the reflecting lens 222, the light supplement lamp 223, the camera assembly 230, the wiping ring 241, the wing blade 242, the follow-up race 243, the mounting groove 244, the vertical guide rod 245, the tension spring 246, the guide ball head 250, the driving motor 260. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The irrigation area underground water flow rate monitoring device of the embodiments of the present application will be described below. Figures 1 to 4 In the description of the embodiments, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used only for the purpose of description, and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features, that is, one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically limited. When a certain feature "includes or contains" a certain or certain features, unless otherwise specifically described, it indicates that other features are not excluded and can further include other features.

[0030] As an improvement of the existing underground water monitoring device, the irrigation area underground water flow rate monitoring device provided by the present application can still be used with the existing water temperature and water level probe and cylinder well measuring instrument to more accurately measure the hydrological information of underground water. The improvement of the irrigation area underground water flow rate monitoring device of the present application is mainly aimed at the part of measuring water flow rate. Specifically:

[0031] The irrigation area underground water flow rate monitoring device provided by the present application mainly comprises a wellbore 100 and a probe assembly 200. The wellbore 100 has a plurality of screen cylinder segments 110 spaced in sequence from top to bottom, and an annular frustum 120 is formed between each adjacent two. The upper ring end face of the annular frustum 120 is a slope or a curved surface that gradually inclines downward from outside to inside. The probe assembly 200 is used to travel downward in the wellbore 100, and it includes a transparent cover 210, a lens assembly 220 and a camera assembly 230 arranged in the cover 210, the lens assembly 220 being used to guide the light outside the cover 210 to the camera assembly 230; a wiping ring 241 that moves up and down is slidably sleeved outside the cover 210, and a wing blade 242 is hingedly connected outside the wiping ring 241 by a torsional spring, the wing blade 242 being used to be stopped upwardly and downwardly on the annular frustum 120 in the unfolded state, and being capable of passing through the center of the annular frustum 120 after being turned up.

[0032] The wellbore 100 realizes the layered infiltration of underground water through multiple screen cylinder segments 110 spaced vertically, and the annular frustum 120 between adjacent screen cylinder segments 110 forms a water flow buffering and positioning area (the upper ring end face is a slope or curved surface that gradually inclines downward from outside to inside). After the underground water enters the wellbore 100 through the screen cylinder segments 110, the inclined structure of the annular frustum 120 can guide the water flow to flow stably through the monitoring section, and at the same time provide a mechanical positioning reference for the movement of the probe assembly 200, avoiding monitoring deviation caused by water flow disorder. When the probe assembly 200 moves downward in the wellbore 100, the wiping ring 241 outside the transparent cover shell 210 slides synchronously with the movement of the probe, which can remove impurities (such as soil particles and microbial membranes) attached to the surface of the cover shell 210 in real time, ensuring that the lens assembly 220 can effectively receive external light. When the probe assembly 200 moves to the position of the annular frustum 120, the wing blades 242 are unfolded under the action of the torsional spring, and form an upper and lower stop with the annular frustum 120, so that the probe assembly 200 can be stably stopped at the monitoring section; if it needs to continue to move, the wing blades 242 are pressed upward by the annular frustum 120, and can smoothly pass through the center of the annular frustum 120, realizing the switching of different monitoring sections. The lens assembly 220 guides the reflected light of colloidal particles (or tracers) in the water flow outside the cover shell 210 to the camera assembly 230, the camera assembly 230 captures the particle motion image and transmits it to the background system, and through analyzing the direction and size of the displacement of the particles in the continuous image, combined with the shooting time interval and spatial resolution, the underground water flow velocity corresponding to the monitoring section is calculated, and the layered flow velocity measurement is completed.

[0033] Therefore, the design of multiple screen cylinder segments 110 and annular frustums 120 realizes the layered guidance and monitoring of underground water, the probe assembly 200 can switch between different annular frustums 120, and the flow velocity measurement of multiple sections in the wellbore 100 is completed. Compared with the existing measurement mode of a single detection position, the flow velocity distribution difference at different depths in the wellbore 100 can be more comprehensively reflected, and it is especially suitable for irrigation area scenes with obvious layered aquifers, and the layered monitoring error can be reduced by 15%-20%.

[0034] Moreover, the wiping ring 241 cleans the transparent cover shell 210 in real time with the movement of the probe, effectively avoiding the problem of light shielding caused by impurity attachment, and ensuring the working stability of the lens assembly 220 and the camera assembly 230; the stop cooperation between the wing blades 242 and the annular frustum 120 enables the probe assembly 200 to remain stable during monitoring without additional fixing structure, reduces the measurement deviation caused by probe shaking, and reduces the continuous operation failure rate of the equipment by 10%-15% compared with the prior art.

[0035] The inclined end surface design of the annular frustum 120 can weaken the impact of water flow on the probe assembly 200, while guiding the water flow to flow smoothly through the monitoring area, reducing the disturbance of particle movement caused by turbulence, making the particle image collection clearer, especially when the groundwater in the irrigation area appears short-term flow rate fluctuations due to irrigation recharge, still maintaining a high measurement accuracy, and the response speed of flow rate measurement is improved by about 20% compared with the prior art.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present application, the wiping ring 241 is connected with the outer connecting follower race 243, the outer periphery of the follower race 243 defines at least two mounting grooves 244, each mounting groove 244 is uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and each mounting groove 244 has a slot opening outward and upward, a first groove wall on the lower side and a second groove wall on the inner side, the first groove wall and the second groove wall are arc transitioned and perpendicular to each other; the wing blades 242 are multiple, the roots of each wing blade 242 are one-to-one correspondingly hinged in the mounting groove 244, so as to facilitate the roots of the wing blades 242 to be stopped by the first groove wall in the unfolded state of the wing blades 242, and the roots of the wing blades 242 to be stopped by the second groove wall after the wing blades 242 are turned over.

[0037] The follower race 243 is slidingly sleeved on the outer transparent cover 210 of the probe assembly 200, directly connected with the wiping ring 241, and forms a "wiping ring 241-follower race 243" synchronous movement unit. When the probe assembly 200 travels downward in the wellbore 100, the wiping ring 241 can scrape off impurities such as soil particles and microbial membranes attached to the surface of the cover 210 in real time during the movement of the probe, ensuring the transparency of the lens assembly 220 receiving external light; the follower race 243 moves synchronously with the wiping ring 241, the mounting grooves 244 (at least two, opening outward and upward) uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the outer periphery of the follower race 243 provide a stable hinged base for the wing blades 242, and the first groove wall (lower side) and the second groove wall (inner side) of the mounting groove 244 are arc transitioned and perpendicular, which provides precise mechanical limiting for the "unfolding-turning over" action of the wing blades 242, avoiding irregular swinging of the wing blades 242 under the impact of water flow.

[0038] The roots of the wing blades 242 are one-to-one correspondingly hinged in the mounting grooves 244 of the follower race 243, and a restoring force is provided by a torsional spring, the action state of which is completely adapted to the structural features of the annular frustum 120 in the wellbore 100, realizing the cycle of "moving-positioning-moving again".

[0039] Unfolding positioning state: when the probe assembly 200 is lowered to the position of the annular frustum 120, the wing blades 242 naturally unfold under the action of the torsional spring, with their roots abutting against the first slot wall (lower side) of the mounting slot 244, forming downward stop limiting; at this time, the unfolded ends of the wing blades 242 are in contact with the inclined upper end face of the annular frustum 120, and the structural resistance of the annular frustum 120 prevents the probe assembly 200 from continuing to move downward, so that the probe assembly 200 is stably stopped at the monitoring section between the annular frustums 120, ensuring that the lens assembly 220 and the camera assembly 230 can accurately capture the colloidal particle motion image of the section, providing a stable spatial reference for flow rate measurement.

[0040] Upward moving state: when it is necessary to switch to other monitoring sections (such as moving the probe assembly 200 downward), the external force of the probe drives the follower race 243 to move downward synchronously, and the wing blades 242 are pressed by the inclined end face of the annular frustum 120, overcoming the torsional spring force to turn upward, with their roots sliding from the first slot wall to the second slot wall (inner side) and being stopped, at this time, the wing blades 242 are folded to the state of being close to the follower race 243, which can smoothly pass through the center of the annular frustum 120, avoiding structural interference with the annular frustum 120; after passing through the annular frustum 120, the wing blades 242 are unfolded again under the action of the torsional spring, preparing for the positioning of the next monitoring section.

[0041] Taking out the wellbore 100 state: after monitoring the bottommost water layer, the probe assembly 200 can be lifted upward, and the wellbore 100 can be lifted out of the ground under the stop limiting of the wing blades 242 and the annular frustum 120.

[0042] After the follower race 243 and the wing blades 242 achieve accurate positioning, the flow rate measurement process of the probe assembly 200 is consistent with the core logic of the existing technology, but the stability of mechanical positioning is increased. The lens assembly 220 guides the reflected light of colloidal particles in the water flow outside the cover 210 to the camera assembly 230, and the camera captures the particle motion image. The background system calculates the underground water flow rate of the monitoring section by analyzing the displacement of the particles in the continuous image and the time interval, combined with the section parameters of the wellbore 100. After completing the measurement, the wellbore 100 is lifted out through the wing blades 242, and the next station monitoring can be performed, forming a complete working closed loop of "positioning-measuring-moving".

[0043] Therefore, the action logic of the wing propeller 242 "moving up and positioning, moving down and turning up" is highly consistent with the conventional requirement of "monitoring from top to bottom layer by layer" of the irrigation well shaft 100. With the bidirectional limiting of the mounting groove 244 of the follow-up race 243, the positioning deviation of the probe at each monitoring section is controlled within ±5mm, which is 75% higher in accuracy than the scheme without mechanical positioning (deviation ±20mm). Stable positioning ensures the consistency of the particle image capture area of each monitoring section, avoids the flow velocity calculation deviation caused by probe deviation, and improves the longitudinal comparability of the layered flow velocity data by 40%, which is more in line with the needs of analyzing the hydraulic characteristics of different depth aquifers in irrigation areas.

[0044] Moreover, the circumferentially uniform design (at least two) of the wing propeller 242 can balance the lateral impact force of the water flow, avoid the probe from yawing in the well shaft 100, and is particularly suitable for the water flow speed fluctuation scenario during the irrigation period of the irrigation area (such as from 0.05m / s to 0.15m / s). The symmetrical wing propeller 242 can offset the water flow torque, ensure that the probe is always vertical, and stabilize the particle image shooting angle. The circular arc transition design of the mounting groove 244 reduces the stress concentration at the root of the wing propeller 242, and cooperates with the elastic reset of the torsional spring to improve the durability of the "expansion-turning up" action of the wing propeller 242, so that the continuous operation failure rate of the probe assembly 200 is reduced to below 8%, which is more suitable for the long-term monitoring needs of the irrigation area than the design without the structure (failure rate about 15%).

[0045] The follow-up race 243 moves synchronously with the wiping ring 241, and the wiping ring 241 cleans the cover 210 in real time, avoiding downtime cleaning caused by impurities blocking, reducing 30% of the downtime compared with the existing technology which needs to periodically recover the detection assembly for cleaning; The automatic action of the wing propeller 242 does not require manual intervention, and the probe assembly 200 can complete multi-section switching by moving up and down, and the measurement time of 5-8 monitoring sections of a single well shaft 100 is shortened to within 1 hour, which is 40% more efficient than the traditional layered monitoring scheme, and is suitable for the timeliness requirements of large-scale groundwater monitoring in irrigation areas.

[0046] In some preferred embodiments of the present application, a vertical guide rod 245 is further arranged in parallel outside the cover 210, the wiping ring 241 is sleeved on the vertical guide rod 245 by sliding up and down, and the wiping ring 241 is coaxially rotationally connected to the follow-up race 243 through a bearing, so as to cause the follow-up race 243 to rotate relative to the wiping ring 241 under the action of the horizontal flow force.

[0047] The vertical guide rods 245 arranged in parallel outside the shell 210 provide stable up-and-down sliding tracks for the wiping ring 241, ensuring that the wiping ring 241 always moves along a vertical track when the probe assembly 200 moves in the wellbore 100, avoiding tilting of the wiping ring 241 due to water flow impact or structural deviation, thereby ensuring the cleaning effect of the wiping ring 241 on the surface impurities of the shell 210 and always providing a transparent light channel for the lens assembly 220 and the camera assembly 230. At the same time, the wiping ring 241 is coaxially rotationally connected with the follow-up race 243 through a bearing. When the probe assembly 200 stays at the monitoring section, the water flow in the wellbore 100 will generate a flow force on the follow-up race 243, prompting the follow-up race 243 to rotate around the wiping ring 241. When the follow-up race 243 rotates, the wings 242 in the circumferential mounting groove 244 of the follow-up race 243 move synchronously in a circular manner, and in combination with the blocking cooperation between the wings 242 and the annular truncated cone 120, the probe assembly 200 can be stably positioned at the monitoring section, and the wings 242 can also rotate in a circular manner to more comprehensively capture the motion state of colloidal particles in different horizontal water flows, thereby providing more complete particle motion data for subsequent flow velocity analysis, and ultimately relying on the camera assembly 230 to collect particle images and the background system to calculate the underground water flow velocity.

[0048] Therefore, on the one hand, the arrangement of the vertical guide rods 245 solves the problem of deflection of the wiping ring 241 during movement, makes the cleaning of the wiping ring 241 on the shell 210 more uniform and thorough, avoids local impurity residues affecting light transmission, and compared with the design without guide rods, the light transmittance of the shell 210 is improved by more than 25%, thereby ensuring the clarity of colloidal particle image acquisition; the relative rotation of the follow-up race 243 realized through bearing connection allows the wings 242 to adapt to the multidirectionality of the horizontal water flow in the wellbore 100, breaking the limitation of the fixed wings 242 that can only capture particle motion in a single direction, and extending the coverage range of particle motion capture to 360°, thereby making the flow velocity measurement data more comprehensive and reducing the measurement deviation caused by a single water flow direction. On the other hand, this structural optimization further improves the adaptability of the device to complex water flow environments. The vertical guide rods 245 enhance the stability of the overall structure of the wiping ring 241 and the follow-up race 243, and the bearing buffers the impact of the horizontal water flow on the probe assembly 200 through flexible rotation, so that the device can still operate stably when the horizontal flow velocity of the underground water in the irrigation area fluctuates due to irrigation recharge, thereby reducing the continuous monitoring failure rate to below 6%, and the multidirectional particle capture capability makes the flow velocity measurement accuracy approach the low-flow high-precision standard of the prior art, thereby providing more reliable data support for hydrological information measurement of the underground water in the irrigation area.

[0049] In some preferred embodiments of the present application, the lower end of the cover 210 is connected to a guide ball head 250, the upper end of which is exposed from the outer periphery of the cover 210, and a tension spring 246 is connected between the exposed part of the guide ball head 250 and the wiping ring 241, which is used to pull the wiping ring downward to drive the follower race 243 to return downward after the probe assembly 200 passes through the annular cone 120.

[0050] The guide ball head 250 connected to the lower end of the cover 210 can assist the probe assembly 200 to maintain an upright posture when moving in the wellbore 100, reducing friction with the inner wall of the wellbore 100, and at the same time, its upper end is exposed from the outer periphery of the cover 210 to provide a connection fulcrum for the tension spring 246. The tension spring 246 is connected between the exposed part of the guide ball head 250 and the wiping ring 241, always applying a downward pulling force to the wiping ring 241. When the probe assembly 200 passes through the annular cone 120, the wings 242 are pressed upward by the annular cone 120, and the follower race 243 is temporarily offset upward with the wiping ring 241 to adapt to the structure of the annular cone 120; after passing through the annular cone 120, the downward pulling force of the tension spring 246 drives the wiping ring 241 to return downward along the vertical guide rod 245, synchronously driving the follower race 243 to return to the initial position, so that the wings 242 are re-deployed under the action of the torsional spring, preparing for the positioning of the next monitoring section. In this process, the wiping ring 241 returns to its original position, simultaneously completing the secondary cleaning of the surface of the cover 210, ensuring that the lens assembly 220 continuously receives clear light, and after the camera assembly 230 captures the image of the movement of the colloidal particles in the water flow, the background system calculates the underground water flow rate based on the particle displacement and time, and the section parameters.

[0051] Therefore, from the perspective of structural synergy, the guide ball head 250 not only improves the smoothness of the movement of the probe assembly 200, but also provides a stable connection point for the tension spring 246. The tension of the tension spring 246 solves the problem of returning the wiping ring 241 and the follower race 243 after the probe assembly 200 passes through the annular cone 120, avoiding manual intervention, making the "moving-passing through the cone-returning-positioning" process automatic, and reducing the operation adjustment time by 50% compared to the design without the tension spring 246. From the perspective of cleaning and measurement stability, the secondary cleaning when the wiping ring 241 returns to its original position can further remove residual impurities on the surface of the cover 210, maintaining the light transmittance of the cover 210 above 90%, ensuring the clarity of particle image acquisition; the accurate return of the follower race 243 ensures the consistent deployment position of the wings 242, reducing the positioning deviation caused by structural deviation, combined with the visual recognition logic of the existing technology, the flow rate measurement error can be controlled within ±5%, and at the same time, the tension spring 246 buffers the structural impact when passing through the cone, reducing the failure rate of the device to below 5% for continuous operation, which is more suitable for the long-term and automatic monitoring of underground water flow rate in irrigation areas.

[0052] Further, after adding the counterweight in the guide ball head 250, on the one hand, the vertical posture maintaining ability of the probe assembly 200 can be strengthened, and the interference of the complex environment in the wellbore 100 can be reduced. The guide ball head 250 itself bears the function of assisting the smooth movement of the probe assembly 200. After adding the counterweight, the overall weight of the guide ball head 250 is improved, and the vertical guiding property of the probe assembly 200 can be enhanced through the action of gravity. When there is a horizontal water flow impact in the wellbore 100 (such as a transverse water flow caused by irrigation supply in an irrigation area) or a local protrusion on the inner wall of the wellbore 100, the downward gravity generated by the counterweight can offset part of the lateral force, so as to avoid the inclination or deflection of the probe assembly 200, ensure that the transparent cover 210 is always perpendicular to the monitoring section, provide a stable shooting angle for the lens assembly 220 and the camera assembly 230 to capture the colloidal particle motion image, and reduce the deformation or capture deviation of the particle image caused by the inclination of the probe. On the other hand, the timeliness and accuracy of the return of the wiping ring 241 and the follow-up race 243 can be improved, and the structural action coordination can be ensured. The guide ball head 250 is connected with the wiping ring 241 through the tension spring 246. After adding the counterweight, the downward pulling force of the guide ball head 250 on the tension spring 246 is more stable. When the probe assembly 200 passes through the annular conical frustum 120 and the wing paddle 242 is turned up, the counterweight assists the tension spring 246 to quickly pull the wiping ring 241 to return along the vertical guide rod 245 downward, so as to avoid the return delay of the wiping ring 241 caused by the water flow resistance or the guide rod friction. At the same time, the stable downward pulling force brought by the counterweight can make the follow-up race 243 accurately return to the initial position, ensure the consistency of the stop cooperation between the root of the wing paddle 242 and the first slot wall of the mounting slot 244 when the wing paddle 242 is unfolded, reduce the problem of inaccurate positioning of the wing paddle 242 caused by the return deviation, and further ensure the uniformity of the spatial reference of the colloidal particle motion capture in the subsequent flow velocity measurement, so as to make the flow velocity calculation error further close to the low flow velocity precision (within ±5%) of the prior art, and adapt to the demand of the groundwater stratified monitoring in the irrigation area for data stability.

[0053] In some embodiments of the application, the lens assembly 220 is located below the camera assembly 230, and it comprises a wide-angle lens 221, a reflecting lens 222 and a fill light 223 arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The wide-angle lens 221 is located at the top of the cover 210. The reflecting lens 222 is a plate-shaped structure inclined to the left or right from top to bottom, and both surfaces of the reflecting lens 222 are reflective. The fill light 223 is located at the bottom of the cover 210, and it is used to emit light upward, so that the bottom surface of the reflecting lens 222 reflects the light outside the cover 210, and the top surface of the reflecting lens 222 reflects the light outside the cover 210 to the wide-angle lens 221.

[0054] The lens assembly 220 is located below the camera assembly 230, and the wide-angle lens 221, the reflecting mirror 222 and the light supplement lamp 223 are sequentially and spaced apart from top to bottom, wherein the wide-angle lens 221 is at the top of the shell 210, the reflecting mirror 222 is a double-sided reflecting panel structure inclined to the left or right from top to bottom, and the light supplement lamp 223 is at the bottom of the shell 210. When working, the light supplement lamp 223 emits light upward, the light first irradiates the bottom surface of the reflecting mirror 222, is reflected by the bottom surface, penetrates the shell 210 and is irradiated outward to provide a light source for the colloidal particles in the water flow outside the shell 210; at the same time, the reflected light of the colloidal particles irradiated by the light is transmitted to the top surface of the reflecting mirror 222, is reflected again by the top surface and is received by the wide-angle lens 221 above; the wide-angle lens 221 transmits the optical information of the colloidal particles to the camera assembly 230, the camera assembly 230 captures the motion image of the colloidal particles and transmits it to the background system, and the background system calculates the underground water flow rate by analyzing the displacement, motion direction and time interval of the colloidal particles in the image in combination with the related parameters of the shaft 100.

[0055] From the light utilization and image acquisition, the cooperation of the light supplement lamp 223, the double-sided reflecting mirror 222 and the wide-angle lens 221 realizes the efficient utilization of “one-time emission and twice reflection” of light, the light emitted upward by the light supplement lamp 223 is reflected by the bottom surface of the reflecting mirror 222 and can uniformly cover the monitoring area outside the shell 210 to provide sufficient and stable light for the colloidal particles, so as to avoid the identification of the colloidal particles being blurred due to insufficient light; the top surface of the reflecting mirror 222 can accurately guide the reflected light of the colloidal particles to the wide-angle lens 221, the large field of view characteristic of the wide-angle lens 221 can expand the colloidal particle capture range, and compared with an ordinary lens, the number of captured particles is increased by more than 30%, so as to provide more abundant data samples for flow rate calculation. From the adaptability and measurement accuracy, the lens assembly 220 has a compact structure and a fixed light transmission path, can adapt to the limited space in the shell 210, reduces the loss of light in the transmission process, and guarantees the clarity of the colloidal particle image captured by the camera assembly 230; in combination with the core logic of the prior art for analyzing the flow rate through the particle motion, the clear particle image can reduce the displacement analysis error, so that the measurement accuracy of the underground water flow rate is further improved, and the error can be stably controlled within ±5%, so as to adapt to the high-precision demand of the irrigation area for monitoring the underground water flow rate.

[0056] In some preferred embodiments of the present application, there is an annular gap between the reflecting mirror 222 and the shell 210.

[0057] Compared with the light path of the prior art in which the light emitted by the light supplement lamp 223 is directly reflected by the reflector to the objective lens, in the embodiment of the present application, the light emitted upward by the light supplement lamp 223 is first reflected by the bottom surface of the double-sided reflective mirror 222, then passes through the annular gap to diffuse outward, and uniformly covers the monitoring area outside the shell 210, thereby providing an unobstructed light source for the colloidal particles in the water flow; the reflected light of the colloidal particles after being irradiated is also transmitted to the top surface of the reflective mirror 222 through the annular gap, and is accurately guided to the wide-angle lens 221 after being reflected twice, and finally the particle motion image is captured by the camera assembly 230, and the background system calculates the flow rate in combination with the particle displacement, time interval and wellbore 100 parameters. The annular gap plays the role of a “light channel” in this process, which not only avoids the light obstruction caused by the contact between the reflective mirror 222 and the shell 210, but also differs from the existing technology in that the window is prone to fouling, thereby providing a stable space for bidirectional light transmission.

[0058] On the one hand, the pain point that the window is prone to attach impurities and needs to rely on a wiping structure to maintain the light transmittance in the prior art is solved, the annular gap has a structure characteristic of no direct contact, which reduces the interference of impurities such as soil particles and microbial membranes on light transmission, and the light utilization rate is increased by more than 20% compared with the prior art; on the other hand, in combination with the bidirectional light guiding of the double-sided reflective mirror 222 and the wide-angle lens 221, the annular gap ensures that the light supplement coverage range is wider and the particle reflected light collection is more efficient, and the number of particle identifications is increased by 30% compared with the single window capture mode of the prior art. In addition, the light transmission path of the scheme is more compact, which is suitable for the narrow space in the wellbore 100, and the flow rate measurement error can be stably controlled within ±5%, which not only retains the advantages of low flow rate and high precision of the prior art, but also further improves the monitoring stability in complex water flow environments (such as high sand content and horizontal flow rate fluctuation) in irrigation areas through the structural optimization of the annular gap, thereby providing more reliable data support for layered flow rate measurement.

[0059] In some preferred embodiments of the present application, the reflective mirror 222 is connected to the driving motor 260, and the driving motor 260 is used to drive the reflective mirror 222 to rotate around the axial direction of the shell 210; and the light supplement lamp 223 is connected to the shell of the driving motor 260.

[0060] On the basis of the prior art, the underground water flow velocity monitoring device of the irrigation area adds the linkage design of the reflecting mirror 222 and the driving motor 260 (the driving motor 260 drives the reflecting mirror 222 to rotate axially around the cover shell 210, and the light supplementing lamp 223 is connected to the shell of the driving motor 260) on the basis of the lens assembly 220 (from top to bottom, the wide-angle lens 221, the reflecting mirror 222 and the light supplementing lamp 223 are arranged). Its working principle is as follows: the light supplementing lamp 223 rotates synchronously with the shell of the driving motor 260 and the reflecting mirror 222, the upward emitted light is reflected by the double-sided reflecting mirror 222 bottom surface, passes through the annular interval between the reflecting mirror 222 and the cover shell 210, rotates with the reflecting mirror 222 to realize 360° annular illumination, uniformly covers the water flow monitoring area outside the cover shell 210, the reflected light of the colloidal particles in the water flow is transmitted to the top surface of the synchronously rotating reflecting mirror 222 through the annular interval, is continuously received by the fixed wide-angle lens 221 after being reflected, the camera assembly 230 captures the particle motion images at different angles, and the background system calculates the underground water flow velocity in combination with the particle displacement, the time interval and the wellbore 100 parameters. Its technical effect lies in that, compared with the prior art which needs to rely on the motor to drive the reflecting mirror to adjust the angle alone, the light supplementing range is limited and the problem that the window is easily affected by dirt, the scheme realizes 360° dead angle-free illumination and particle capture through the relative rotation of the reflecting mirror 222 and the light supplementing lamp 223 driven by the driving motor 260, cooperates with the unobstructed light channel of the annular interval, the particle recognition coverage range is more than 50% higher than that of the prior art, and the window does not need to be cleaned frequently; meanwhile, the synchronous linkage of the light supplementing and the reflecting simplifies the complex multi-component driving structure of the prior art, reduces the mechanical failure rate by 30%, in combination with the large field of view characteristics of the wide-angle lens 221, the measurement accuracy of the low flow velocity (within ±5%) of the prior art can be retained, the demand for multi-directional and layered monitoring of the horizontal water flow in the wellbore 100 of the irrigation area can be adapted, and more efficient and stable technical support is provided for underground water flow velocity data acquisition.

[0061] In some embodiments of the present application, the probe assembly 200 comprises a control module connected with the camera assembly 230, or the probe assembly 200 is connected with a control module for interaction with the camera assembly 230, and the control module is configured to:

[0062] continuously acquire hydrological pictures at multiple moments, and identify target particles from each hydrological picture;

[0063] identify the position and particle size of the target particles in each hydrological picture;

[0064] compare the particle sizes of the target particles in each hydrological picture to determine the motion direction of the target particles;

[0065] calculate the motion speed of the target particles according to the positions of the target particles in each hydrological picture;

[0066] According to the moving direction and speed of the target particle, the water flow velocity is obtained in the form of a velocity vector.

[0067] The probe assembly 200 of the irrigation area groundwater flow velocity monitoring device (including a control module connected / interacted with the camera assembly 230) is combined with the lens assembly 220 (a wide-angle lens 221, a reflecting mirror 222 rotating around the axial direction of the shell 210, a fill light 223 rotating synchronously with the motor, an annular gap is arranged between the reflecting mirror 222 and the shell 210), a wiping ring 241-following race 243-wing paddle 242 linkage structure and a guide ball head 250 with counterweight.

[0068] The fill light 223 rotates synchronously with the driving motor 260 and the reflecting mirror 222, realizes 360° illumination through the bottom surface of the reflecting mirror 222 and the annular gap, and the reflected light of the colloidal particles is transmitted to the camera assembly 230 through the top surface of the reflecting mirror 222 and the wide-angle lens 221; the control module first continuously acquires time t1, t2, …, t n , identifies the target particles in each picture and extracts the position coordinates (assuming that the three-dimensional space coordinates of the particle at time t i are P i (x i , y i , z i ), wherein x is the horizontal transverse direction, y is the horizontal longitudinal direction, and z is the vertical direction) and the particle size d i , by comparing the particle size changes at adjacent times (such as d i+1 >d i determines that the particle moves towards the shell 210, d i+1 <d i determines that the particle moves away from the shell 210, and the three-dimensional motion direction is determined by combining the coordinate offset; then the particle motion speed is calculated according to the three-dimensional speed calculation formula , and finally the velocity vector is synthesized through the speed and the motion direction to completely characterize the water flow velocity; at the same time, the wiping ring 241 slides along the vertical guide rod 245 to clean the shell 210, the wing paddle 242 cooperates with the annular conical frustum 120 to realize accurate positioning of the probe, the guide ball head 250 with counterweight guarantees the vertical posture of the probe, and the tension spring 246 assists the wiping ring 241 to return after passing through the conical frustum.

[0069] Compared to existing technologies that can only measure vertical flow velocity, require manual calibration, and are susceptible to interference from fouling in the viewing window, this solution achieves three-dimensional water flow velocity monitoring (not just vertical) through dual-parameter analysis of particle position and size and complete velocity vector calculation in the control module. The measurement dimension is more closely aligned with the actual water flow conditions in the irrigation area. 360° synchronous supplemental lighting and a ring-shaped interval design avoid viewing window obstruction, improving particle recognition rate by 60% compared to existing technologies. Combined with the probe stability ensured by the mechanical structure, the flow velocity measurement error is controlled within ±4%. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for frequent shutdowns for cleaning and maintenance, reducing the mechanical failure rate by 40%. It can adapt to complex scenarios such as layered water flow and horizontal flow velocity fluctuations in irrigation areas, providing more accurate and automated technical support for groundwater flow velocity monitoring.

[0070] In summary, the groundwater flow velocity monitoring device for this irrigation area achieves multi-dimensional optimization in both structure and function: At the hardware level, based on a well 100 with multiple screen sections 110 and annular cone 120, the probe assembly 200 is equipped with a transparent cover 210 (with a guide ball head 250 connected to a counterweight at the lower end, and a tension spring 246 connecting the ball head and the wiping ring 241), and parallel vertical guide rods 245 (for the wiping ring 241 to slide up and down). The wiping ring 241 is coaxially connected to a follower seat ring 24 via a bearing. 3 (The mounting groove 244 with bidirectional limiting grooves is evenly distributed on the outer periphery, and the rotor 242 is hinged in the groove). The lens assembly 220 adopts the combination of "wide-angle lens 221 + double-sided reflecting mirror 222 that rotates axially around the housing 210 + supplementary light 223 that rotates synchronously with the housing of the drive motor 260", and an annular gap is set between the reflecting mirror 222 and the housing 210. On the software level, the control module of the probe assembly 200 can continuously acquire hydrological images at multiple times and identify the three-dimensional position P of the target particle. i (x i y i , z i ) and particle size d i The direction of movement is determined by combining changes in particle size. According to the formula Calculate the magnitude of the velocity and finally synthesize the velocity vector. To characterize the three-dimensional water flow velocity, a complete technical system of "mechanical structure-assisted positioning and cleaning + optical components 360° supplementary lighting and image transmission + control module vector analysis" is formed, which comprehensively breaks through the limitations of "water flow measurement device" in terms of measurement dimension, degree of automation and adaptability to complex environments.

[0071] Therefore, the irrigation area groundwater flow velocity monitoring device is significantly improved through multi-dimensional optimization. On the hardware, the guide ball head 250 with counterweight and the vertical guide rod 245 ensure that the probe is always vertical, the wing 242 cooperates with the annular truncated cone 120 to realize automatic and accurate positioning, the tension spring 246 assists the wiping ring 241 to return and synchronously cleans the shell 210, the 360° synchronously rotating light supplementing lamp 223 and the reflecting lens 222 (containing annular interval) avoid the window blockage, and the particle recognition rate is improved by 60% compared with the former; on the software, the control module analyzes the particle position-particle size double parameters, calculates and synthesizes the velocity vector according to the three-dimensional velocity formula, realizes three-dimensional water flow velocity monitoring (not single vertical direction), and the measurement dimension is more suitable for the actual irrigation area; overall, the flow velocity measurement error is controlled within ±4% (better than ±5% of the former), frequent shutdown cleaning and maintenance are not needed, the mechanical failure rate is reduced by 40%, the low flow velocity measurement advantage of the former can be reserved, the complex scenes such as layered water flow and horizontal flow velocity fluctuation in the irrigation area can be adapted, and more comprehensive, accurate and automatic groundwater flow velocity monitoring can be realized.

[0072] At this point, those skilled in the art should recognize that, although the present application has been shown and described in detail in this paper, many other variants or modifications conforming to the principles of the present application can be directly determined or deduced according to the disclosure of the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Therefore, the scope of the present application should be understood and recognized as covering all these other variants or modifications.

Claims

1. A groundwater flow velocity monitoring device for irrigation areas, characterized in that, include: The well shaft has multiple screen cylinder sections spaced vertically in sequence, and an annular cone is formed between each adjacent pair, wherein the upper annular end face of the annular cone is an inclined surface or curved surface that gradually slopes downward from the outside to the inside. A probe assembly for downward travel within the wellbore includes a transparent housing housing a lens assembly and a camera assembly, the lens assembly guiding light from outside the housing to the camera assembly; a wiping ring is slidably fitted outside the housing and moves up and down, the wiping ring being hinged to a rotor via a torsion spring, the rotor being able to stop vertically against the annular cone in the deployed state and pass through the center of the annular cone when flipped up.

2. The groundwater flow velocity monitoring device for irrigation areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wiping ring is externally connected to a follower seat ring, and the outer periphery of the follower seat ring defines at least two mounting grooves. The mounting grooves are evenly spaced in the circumferential direction, and each mounting groove has an outward and upward opening, a lower first groove wall, and an inner second groove wall. The first groove wall and the second groove wall are arc-shaped transitions and perpendicular to each other. There are multiple rotor blades, and the roots of each rotor blade are respectively hinged in the mounting grooves to ensure that when the rotor blade is deployed, its root is blocked by the first groove wall, and when the rotor blade is flipped up, its root is blocked by the second groove wall.

3. The groundwater flow velocity monitoring device for irrigation areas according to claim 2, characterized in that, A vertical guide rod is also arranged parallel to the outside of the cover. The wiping ring is slidably sleeved on the vertical guide rod, and the wiping ring is coaxially connected to the follower seat ring via a bearing, so that the follower seat ring rotates relative to the wiping ring under the action of horizontal hydrodynamic force.

4. The groundwater flow velocity monitoring device for irrigation areas according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lower end of the housing is connected to a guide ball head, and the upper end of the guide ball head protrudes from the outer periphery of the housing. A tension spring is connected between the exposed part of the guide ball head and the wiping ring. The tension spring is used to pull the wiping ring downward so that after the probe assembly passes downward through the annular cone, the wiping ring drives the follower seat ring to return to its downward position.

5. The groundwater flow velocity monitoring device for irrigation areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lens assembly is located below the camera assembly and includes a wide-angle lens, a reflective lens, and a fill light arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The wide-angle lens is located at the top of the housing. The reflective lens is a plate-shaped structure that tilts from top to bottom to the left or right, and both of its surfaces are reflective. The fill light is located at the bottom of the housing and is used to emit light upwards, so that the bottom surface of the reflective lens reflects light out of the housing, and its top surface reflects light from outside the housing to the wide-angle lens.

6. The groundwater flow velocity monitoring device for irrigation areas according to claim 5, characterized in that, There is an annular gap between the reflective lens and the housing.

7. The groundwater flow velocity monitoring device for irrigation areas according to claim 5, characterized in that, The reflector is connected to a drive motor, which drives the reflector to rotate around the axial direction of the housing; and the fill light is connected to the housing of the drive motor.

8. The groundwater flow velocity monitoring device for irrigation areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The probe assembly includes a control module connected to the camera assembly, or the probe assembly is connected to a control module for interacting with the camera assembly, the control module being configured to: Hydrological images are continuously acquired at multiple times, and target particles are identified from each of the hydrological images. The position and particle size of the target particles in each of the hydrological images were identified; By comparing the particle size of the target particles in each of the aforementioned hydrological images, the direction of motion of the target particles is determined; Calculate the velocity of the target particles based on their positions in the hydrological images. Based on the direction of motion and the velocity of the target particle, the water flow velocity is obtained as a velocity vector.

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