ArNe gas discharge tube in-situ detection synchronous optical observation experiment platform and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of gas discharge tube simulation experiments, in particular to an ArNe gas discharge tube in-situ detection synchronous optical observation experiment platform and method. According to the technical scheme, the device comprises a discharge experiment part, an in-situ detection experiment part and a synchronous optical observation part, the discharge experiment part comprises a pulse current generator, a console, a sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment cavity, a gas pressure sensor, a high-purity inert gas cylinder, a Rogowski coil, a discharge electrode pair, a coaxial cable, a high-voltage differential probe, an oscilloscope, a computer and a protection system; a pulse current generator is connected with a discharge electrode pair of the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment cavity through a coaxial cable, and a high-voltage insulation sealing sleeve is arranged around an access port. According to the invention, three detection systems are integrated, excited state particles, ground state atoms and ion components in discharge are monitored in real time, multi-level observation analysis from microscopic atoms to macroscopic plasma scale is realized, and support is provided for discharge mechanism research.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of gas discharge tube simulation experiment technology, and in particular to an experimental platform and method for in-situ detection and synchronous optical observation of ArNe gas discharge tubes. Background Technology

[0002] Gas discharge tubes, as gap-type switching devices, are characterized by low leakage current, high current carrying capacity, and high insulation resistance. The commonly used inert gases are Ar and Ne. Ar / Ne gas discharge tubes are widely used in the front-end common-mode lightning protection of electromagnetic equipment and signal systems, typically located in the first stage of a multi-stage protection circuit, serving to discharge transient overcurrents and limit overvoltages.

[0003] Lightning strikes still frequently occur in signal systems. To further reduce the probability of lightning strike failures in signal equipment and avoid device failures and short circuits, it is necessary to observe and analyze the multi-level physical processes during the discharge of gas discharge tubes, from the microscopic atomic scale to the macroscopic plasma scale. This will provide insights for research on the performance optimization and multi-scenario applications of gas discharge tubes. Therefore, this application proposes a composite experimental platform for in-situ detection and synchronous optical observation of ArNe gas discharge tubes, as well as the experimental method for this platform. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems existing in the background art by proposing an experimental platform and method for in-situ detection of ArNe gas discharge tubes and synchronous optical observation.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an experimental platform for in-situ detection and synchronous optical observation of ArNe gas discharge tubes, including a discharge experiment section, an in-situ detection experiment section, and a synchronous optical observation section.

[0006] The discharge experiment section includes a pulse current generator, a control console, a sealed gas discharge tube simulating an experimental chamber, a pressure sensor, a high-purity inert gas cylinder, a Rogowski coil, discharge electrode pairs, a coaxial cable, a high-voltage differential probe, an oscilloscope, a computer, and a protection system.

[0007] The pulse current generator is connected to the discharge electrode pair of the sealed gas discharge tube to simulate the experimental chamber via a coaxial cable, and a high-voltage insulating and sealed sleeve is installed around the inlet.

[0008] The sealed gas discharge tube simulates an experimental chamber equipped with a high-precision gas ratio system. The gas pressure is maintained by a vacuum pump group. A Rogowski coil is wrapped around a coaxial cable. A high-voltage differential probe measures the voltage between the electrodes. The signal is transmitted to an oscilloscope via an isolation amplifier.

[0009] The control console integrates a PLC and a computer, and connects to a pulse current generator and a sealed gas discharge tube to simulate the experimental chamber.

[0010] The protection system connects the pulse current generator with the air pressure sensor, integrates overvoltage protection and gas leakage alarm, and ensures the safety of the experiment.

[0011] The in-situ detection experiment part includes an optical emission spectrum detection system, a tunable diode laser absorption spectrum system, and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer.

[0012] The optical fiber probe of the optical emission spectrum detection system is installed on the inner wall of the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment cavity at a spectral detection point, and is coupled to a high-resolution spectrometer through an optical fiber.

[0013] The laser of the tunable diode laser absorption spectrum system is installed on a shockproof optical platform, and the output laser vertically penetrates the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment cavity and is aligned with the window on both sides, and the transmitted light is received by a photoelectric detector on the opposite side.

[0014] The time-of-flight mass spectrometer is connected through the flange interface at the top of the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment cavity, and is equipped with a three-stage molecular pump group.

[0015] The synchronous optical observation part includes a high-speed camera, and the high-speed camera records the discharge process through the optical window on the end face of the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment cavity.

[0016] Optionally, the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment cavity is used to simulate the inert gas environment in the cavity of the gas discharge tube, a sampling cone interface is formed in the center of the flange at the top of the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment cavity, and a differential pumping system of the time-of-flight mass spectrometer is connected through a metal sealing ring.

[0017] Optionally, two VCR interface gas valves are installed at the top of the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment cavity, and an air pressure sensor interface is provided.

[0018] Optionally, a sample fixing and pressing device is arranged in the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment cavity, the sample fixing and pressing device is made of copper, the upper end is a circular table structure, and a liftable low-voltage electrode workbench is arranged below the circular table.

[0019] Optionally, five quartz optical windows are equidistantly distributed on the side wall of the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment cavity, and each window is embedded in the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment cavity at an angle of 45°.

[0020] Optionally, a detachable electrode seat is arranged at the bottom of the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment cavity, and is connected with a laboratory grounding network through a copper braid, and a molecular pump group is arranged at the bottom.

[0021] Optionally, the spectral detection points are arranged on the outer periphery of the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment cavity, and four groups of spectral detection points are arranged, and each optical fiber is connected with one observation window.

[0022] Optionally, the output ends of all coaxial cables are connected with a main time base generator, and four channels of the oscilloscope monitor the Rogowski coil current signal, the high voltage probe voltage signal, the laser trigger pulse and the high-speed camera gating signal respectively.

[0023] In a second aspect, the application provides an experimental method for in-situ detection of an ArNe gas discharge tube in a synchronous optical observation experimental platform, applied to the ArNe gas discharge tube in-situ detection synchronous optical observation experimental platform in the first aspect, and comprising the following steps:

[0024] Step one, system initialization, after closing all valves, start the molecular pump group, and vacuumize the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experimental cavity to a basic vacuum;

[0025] Step two, fill Ar / Ne high-purity gas into the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experimental cavity to a target gas pressure through a mass flow meter according to a set proportion;

[0026] Step three, adjust the electrode spacing of the gas discharge tube;

[0027] Step four, set the lightning discharge parameters and synchronously configure the optical detection system;

[0028] Step five, start the main time base generator, the high-voltage pulse output by the pulse current generator makes the gas breakdown, and the Rogowski coil, the high-voltage probe, the optical detection system, the time-of-flight mass spectrometer and the high-speed camera work synchronously;

[0029] Step six, all the above measurement data are transmitted to the host computer, time alignment processing is performed, and a comprehensive data set is generated;

[0030] Step seven, after the experiment is completed, the system automatically executes discharge energy discharge, saves data and records related state parameters.

[0031] Optionally, in step four, the output wavelengths of the double lasers of the tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy system are adjusted to Ar absorption lines and Ne absorption lines, and the optical path is calibrated, the two beams are combined through a dichroic mirror, then penetrate the discharge area through the same optical path, and the signals are separated by a spectroscopic grating at the photodetector end;

[0032] The integration time of the spectrometer of the optical emission spectroscopy system and the gating width of the high-speed camera are set, the differential pumping system of the mass spectrometer is opened and the ion lens is preheated.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0034] 1. The application realizes full-dimensional parameter capture from micro-atomic scale to macro-plasma scale for the first time by integrating optical emission spectrum, tunable diode laser absorption spectrum, time-of-flight mass spectrometer and high-speed camera, combining with electric parameter detection, realizing high-precision time synchronization of all data with the help of main time base generator, realizing dynamic correlation of electric signal, particle behavior and discharge form, and providing complete data chain for discharge mechanism analysis;

[0035] 2. The application also realizes accurate simulation of electrode structure and spacing of actual gas discharge tube through high-precision gas proportioning system, vacuum pump group, copper sample fixing and pressing device and liftable electrode workbench in the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment cavity, and can capture microsecond-level discharge initial breakdown process and record two-dimensional space-time evolution of discharge channel through multiple 45° beveled quartz optical windows, realizing multi-level physical process observation and analysis from micro-atomic scale to macro-plasma scale in the discharge process of gas discharge tube;

[0036] 3. In summary, the application integrates three detection systems, realizes real-time monitoring of excited state particles, ground state atoms and ion components in discharge, captures microsecond-level breakdown process and space-time evolution of discharge channel through high-speed camera and multi-angle optical windows, realizes multi-level observation and analysis from micro-atomic scale to macro-plasma scale, and provides support for discharge mechanism research. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the experimental platform proposed by the application;

[0038] Figure 2 It is a flowchart of the experimental method of the experimental platform proposed by the application.

[0039] REFERENCE NUMERALS:

[0040] 1, pulse current generator; 2, control console; 3, sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment cavity; 4, gas pressure sensor; 5, high-purity inert gas cylinder; 6, Rogowski coil; 7, discharge electrode pair; 8, coaxial cable; 9, high-voltage differential probe; 10, oscilloscope; 11, computer; 12, protection system; 13, flange interface; 14, sampling cone; 15, gas valve; 16, fixing and pressing device; 17, liftable low-voltage electrode workbench; 18, quartz optical window; 19, copper braid; 20, molecular pump group; 21, optical fiber probe; 22, optical fiber; 23, spectrometer; 24, laser; 25, shockproof optical platform; 26, photodetector; 27, three-stage differential pumping system; 28, time-of-flight mass spectrometer; 29, high-speed camera; 30, main time base generator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The technical solutions of the present application are further described below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0042] As shown in the drawings, Figure 1 The ArNe gas discharge tube in-situ detection synchronous optical observation experiment platform provided by the present application includes a discharge experiment part, an in-situ detection experiment part and a synchronous optical observation part.

[0043] The discharge experiment part includes a pulse current generator 1, a control console 2, a sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment cavity 3, a gas pressure sensor 4, a high-purity inert gas cylinder 5, a Rogowski coil 6, a discharge electrode pair 7, a coaxial cable 8, a high-voltage differential probe 9, an oscilloscope 10, a computer 11 and a protection system 12. The sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment cavity 3 is used to simulate an insulating inert gas environment consistent with the cavity of the gas discharge tube.

[0044] Two VCR interface gas valves 15 are installed on the top of the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment cavity 3, and the gas valves 15 are respectively used to connect the high-purity Ar / Ne gas cylinder. In addition, there is a gas pressure sensor 4 interface on the top, and a differential pumping system of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer 28 is connected through a metal sealing ring.

[0045] The sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment cavity 3 is provided with a sample fixing and pressing device 16 made of copper, which is connected with the high-voltage electrode and the grounding electrode of the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment cavity 3. The upper end of the sample fixing and pressing device 16 is a circular truncated cone structure, which can be used to fix one end of the electrode of the gas discharge tube. There is a low-voltage electrode workbench 17 below the circular truncated cone, which is used to place the other end of the electrode of the gas discharge tube. The distance between the upper and lower electrodes can be controlled by lifting the low-voltage electrode.

[0046] Five quartz optical windows 18 are equally distributed on the side wall of the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment cavity 3. Each window is embedded in the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment cavity 3 at an angle of 45°. Among them, two opposite windows are specially used for tunable diode laser absorption spectrum measurement, two other windows are used for optical emission spectrum detection, and the remaining window opposite to the discharge gap is used for optical observation.

[0047] The pulse current generator 1 is connected with the discharge electrode pair 7 of the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment cavity 3 through the coaxial cable 8, and a high-voltage insulation sleeve is arranged around the inlet.

[0048] The high-precision gas proportioning system is arranged in the simulation experiment cavity 3 of the sealed gas discharge tube, the gas pressure is maintained by the vacuum pump set, the Rogowski coil 6 is sleeved on the coaxial cable 8, and the Rogowski coil 6 is used for real-time detection of the discharge current in the discharge process, the high-voltage differential probe 9 is used for measuring the voltage between the electrodes, signals are transmitted to the oscilloscope 10 through the isolation amplifier, the output ends of all the coaxial cables 8 are connected with the main time base generator 30, four channels of the oscilloscope 10 monitor the current signal of the Rogowski coil 6, the voltage signal of the high-voltage probe, the trigger pulse of the laser 24 and the gating signal of the high-speed camera 29 respectively, so as to ensure that all the measurement results have a unified time reference: the synchronization accuracy is ±0.5 ns, and the sampling rate is uniformly set to 10 GS / s, and the multi-parameter correlation analysis of the whole discharge process is realized.

[0049] The console 2 integrates the PLC and the computer 11, is connected with the pulse current generator 1 and the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment cavity 3, so as to realize accurate setting of parameters such as the discharge current, the discharge frequency, the discharge interval time and the gas pressure in the cavity.

[0050] The protection system 12 is connected with the pulse current generator 1 and the gas pressure sensor 4.

[0051] The in-situ detection experiment part includes an optical emission spectrum detection system, a tunable diode laser absorption spectrum system and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer 28, a sampling cone 14 interface is arranged in the center of a flange at the top of the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment cavity 3, and a differential pumping system of the time-of-flight mass spectrometer 28 is connected through a metal sealing ring.

[0052] The optical fiber probe 21 of the optical emission spectrum detection system is installed on a spectrum detection point on the inner wall of the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment cavity 3 and is coupled to the high-resolution spectrometer 23 through the optical fiber 22; the spectrum detection point is arranged on the outer periphery of the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment cavity 3, and four groups of spectrum detection points are arranged, such as front, rear, left and right four observation windows; each optical fiber 22 is connected with one observation window, and this design can simultaneously collect the radiation spectrum of the discharge plasma at different spatial positions; the optical emission spectrum detection system collects the plasma radiation through the optical fiber probe 21 installed on the spectrum detection point on the sealed cavity wall, and then couples to the high-resolution spectrometer 23 through the optical fiber 22 to capture the Ar / Ne excited state characteristic spectrum in the plasma in real time.

[0053] The laser 24 of the tunable diode laser absorption spectrum system is installed on the shockproof optical platform 25, the output laser vertically penetrates the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment cavity 3 and is aligned with the observation window on the two sides, the transmitted light is received by the photoelectric detector 26 on the opposite side, and the optical path is arranged in a perpendicular manner with the discharge axis. The system accurately matches the Ar / Ne ground state atomic absorption line, and the dynamic change of the ground state atomic number density is quantitatively inverted by measuring the absorption intensity of the laser passing through the plasma.

[0054] The time-of-flight mass spectrometer 28 is connected to the top flange interface 13 of the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment chamber 3, a three-stage molecular pump group 20 is used for differential pumping, and ion components such as Ar+, Ne+ and cluster ions in the plasma are collected and analyzed in real time, so as to study ionization processes and chemical reaction kinetics in the discharge process; the bottom of the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment chamber 3 is designed as a detachable electrode seat, is connected to a laboratory grounding network through a copper braid 19, and is provided with a molecular pump group 20 at the bottom for maintaining gas pressure.

[0055] The synchronous optical observation part includes a high-speed camera 29 as a supplement to in-situ detection; the high-speed camera 29 records the discharge process through an end face optical window of the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment chamber 3, and an optical axis and a discharge axis form an angle of 30°, so that the formation and evolution process of the discharge channel can be accurately and synchronously recorded.

[0056] Referring to Figure 2 The experimental method using the experimental platform is provided, and the experimental method comprises the following steps:

[0057] Step one: system initialization, after closing all valves, starting the molecular pump group 20, and pumping the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment chamber 3 to a basic vacuum;

[0058] Specifically, by closing the two VCR interface gas valves 15 at the top of the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment chamber 3, the gas inlet valve of the molecular pump group 20 at the bottom, and the sampling cone 14 valve of the time-of-flight mass spectrometer 28, the chamber is completely sealed;

[0059] Then, the control power supply of the molecular pump group 20 is started, the forepump is started first and pumped for 10 minutes, the main molecular pump is started after the gas pressure in the chamber is reduced to below 1 kPa, and the pumping is continuously performed for 30-60 minutes, the gas pressure in the chamber is monitored through the gas pressure sensor 4 at the top of the chamber, and the basic vacuum below 10 Pa is reached until the basic vacuum below 10 Pa is reached, so that air, water vapor and residual impurities in the chamber are completely removed, and the Ar / Ne gas discharge process is avoided. -4 Pa, so that air, water vapor and residual impurities in the chamber are completely removed, and the Ar / Ne gas discharge process is avoided.

[0060] The protection system 12 is initialized, the overpressure protection and gas leakage alarm are started, the abnormal gas pressure range is set to be less than 1 kPa or greater than 100 kPa, and the safety of subsequent experiments is ensured.

[0061] Step two: the Ar / Ne high-purity gas is filled into the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experiment chamber 3 through the gas inlet valve according to the set proportion through the mass flow meter, and the target gas pressure is controlled to be adjustable at 0-100 kPa;

[0062] Specifically, the high-purity inert gas cylinder 5 is opened, the total valve of the Ar gas cylinder and the Ne gas cylinder is opened, and the cylinder pressure reducing valve is adjusted so that the output pressure is stabilized at 0.5 MPa.

[0063] A mass flow meter is installed in the pipeline connecting the gas cylinder and the VCR interface gas valve 15 of the cavity top. According to the experimental requirements, the Ar / Ne mixed ratio is set, for example, when 50% Ar-50% Ne mixed gas is required, the Ar gas mass flow meter is set to 1 L / min, and the Ne gas is set to 1 L / min;

[0064] Open the VCR interface gas valve 15, fill the mixed gas into the cavity, and monitor the cavity gas pressure in real time through the gas pressure sensor 4. When the gas pressure reaches the target value, close the gas valve 15 and the cylinder valve, and stand for 5 minutes. After the cavity gas pressure is stable, confirm that the gas pressure fluctuation is ≤±0.5 kPa, and ensure that the experimental environment is stable.

[0065] Step three: adjust the lifting structure below the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experimental cavity 3 to set the two end electrodes of the gas discharge tube to the target spacing;

[0066] Specifically, open the side door of the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experimental cavity 3, and fix one end electrode of the Ar / Ne gas discharge tube to be tested on the circular table structure of the cavity copper sample fixing and pressing device 16;

[0067] The other end electrode is placed on the liftable low-pressure end electrode workbench 17 below the sample fixing and pressing device 16. The lifting structure of the workbench is controlled by the knob of the console 2, and the minimum adjustment precision is 0.1 mm;

[0068] Observe the electrode position through the quartz optical window 18 on the side wall of the cavity, adjust the height of the workbench, and make the spacing between the two end electrodes of the discharge tube reach the experimental set value. After adjustment, close the cavity side door, and again confirm that the cavity gas pressure does not decrease obviously, and the internal gas pressure fluctuation is ≤±1 kPa.

[0069] Step four: set the lightning discharge parameters and synchronize the optical detection system;

[0070] Specifically, set the lightning discharge parameters in the control software on the computer 11 of the console 2, including discharge current, pulse width and repetition frequency. When setting the discharge parameters, the optical detection system is synchronized: adjust the output wavelength of the double laser of the tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy system to the Ar absorption line and the Ne absorption line, and calibrate the light path. After beam combination through the dichroic mirror, the same light path penetrates the discharge area, and the signal is separated by the optical grating at the photodetector 26 end. At the same time, set the integration time of the spectrometer 23 of the optical emission spectroscopy system and the gate width of the high-speed camera 29, open the differential pumping system of the mass spectrometer and preheat the ion lens;

[0071] Further, the lightning discharge parameter setting: open the computer 11 on the console 2, run the dedicated control software, input the discharge current, pulse width, repetition frequency in the parameter setting interface, the PLC module synchronously transmits the parameters to the pulse current generator 1, confirms that the device receives the parameters without error;

[0072] The tunable diode laser absorption spectrum system configuration: fix the laser 24 on the shockproof optical platform 25, adjust the left laser head output wavelength to the Ar atom 794.8nm absorption line, the right laser head to the Ne atom 640.2nm absorption line, adjust the laser direction through the light path calibrator, make the two lasers vertically penetrate the alignment window on both sides of the sealed cavity 3 after being combined through the dichroic mirror, transmit the light to the opposite side photoelectric detector 26, install the optical grating at the detector end, separate the Ar, Ne laser signals into two channels, and ensure that the signals have no cross interference;

[0073] The optical emission spectrum system configuration: align the four groups of optical fiber probes 21 to the cavity wall front, back, left and right four spectrum detection points respectively, couple the other end of the optical fiber to the high-resolution spectrometer 23, set the integration time in the spectrometer control software, and select the detection wavelength range as 200-1000nm, covering the Ar, Ne excited state particle characteristic spectrum line;

[0074] The high-speed camera configuration: adjust the position of the high-speed camera 29, so that the optical axis and the discharge axis form a 30° angle, the lens is aligned with the optical window of the cavity end face, the gate width and the shooting frame rate are set in the control software, and the preview image confirms that the discharge area is clearly imaged;

[0075] The time-of-flight mass spectrometer configuration: start the three-stage molecular pump group 20 of the time-of-flight mass spectrometer 28, so that the internal vacuum of the mass spectrometer reaches 10 -6 Pa below, preheat the ion lens for 30min, set the ion detection mass range as 1-100u, covering the Ar + , Ne + and cluster ions, calibrate the mass spectrum peak position, and ensure the ion recognition accuracy.

[0076] Step five: after completing the preheating, start the main time base generator 30, the pulse current generator 1 outputs high-voltage pulses to make the gas breakdown, at this time the Rogowski coil 6 monitors the discharge current in real time, the high-voltage probe records the voltage between the electrodes, and the optical detection system, the time-of-flight mass spectrometer 28 and the high-speed camera 29 work synchronously; that is, the high-speed camera 29 shoots the development process of the discharge channel at a million frames per second, the tunable diode laser absorption spectrum system inverses the ground state atomic density change by measuring the laser absorption intensity; the optical emission spectrum system collects the excited state particle characteristic spectrum line; and the time-of-flight mass spectrometer 28 analyzes the ion composition in the plasma;

[0077] Step 6: All the above measurement data are transmitted to the main control computer 11 via coaxial cable 8 of equal length for time alignment processing, and finally a comprehensive dataset containing electrical parameters, spectra, mass spectra and image data is generated.

[0078] Specifically, the current and voltage signals recorded by the oscilloscope 10, the spectral line data of the spectrometer 23, the ion signals of the mass spectrometer 28, and the image data of the high-speed camera 29 are all transmitted to the main control computer 11 through the coaxial cable 8 of equal length.

[0079] Using the synchronization signal of the main time base generator 30 as the time reference, all data are time aligned to precisely match the current and voltage waveforms, spectral intensity changes, ion signal curves, image frames and time axis.

[0080] Extract key parameters: electrical parameters, spectral parameters, mass spectrometry parameters, and image parameters, and generate a comprehensive dataset containing the original data and the extracted parameters.

[0081] Step 7: After the experiment, the system will automatically release the discharge energy, save the data and record state parameters such as gas pressure and electrode morphology, so as to provide complete experimental basis for subsequent plasma parameter inversion and discharge mechanism research. The entire operation process is carried out under safety interlock protection. If abnormal gas pressure or overcurrent is detected, the discharge will be terminated immediately.

[0082] Furthermore, after completing the set number of discharge experiments, the control console 2 automatically triggers the discharge energy release program, the pulse current generator 1 stops outputting high voltage, and the internal discharge resistor releases the residual charge to the ground terminal to avoid high voltage residue.

[0083] If the protection system 12 detects an abnormality during the experiment, the system will immediately cut off the power supply to the pulse current generator 1 to terminate the discharge, and at the same time record the abnormal time and abnormal parameters in the log to facilitate troubleshooting.

[0084] The experimental data were used for subsequent research: the plasma electron temperature was inverted from the spectral data using the Boltzmann diagram method, the ionization efficiency was analyzed by mass spectrometry ion abundance, and the evolution of the discharge channel was studied using high-speed camera images, providing experimental basis for the analysis of the discharge mechanism and performance optimization of Ar / Ne gas discharge tubes.

[0085] The above specific embodiments are merely optional embodiments of the present invention. Based on the technical solutions of the present invention and the relevant teachings of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can make various alternative improvements and combinations to the above specific embodiments.

Claims

1. An experimental platform for in-situ detection and synchronous optical observation of ArNe gas discharge tubes, characterized in that, It includes a discharge experiment section, an in-situ detection experiment section, and a synchronous optical observation section; The discharge experiment section includes a pulse current generator (1), a control console (2), a sealed gas discharge tube simulation chamber (3), a pressure sensor (4), a high-purity inert gas cylinder (5), a Rogowski coil (6), a discharge electrode pair (7), a coaxial cable (8), a high-voltage differential probe (9), an oscilloscope (10), a computer (11), and a protection system (12). The pulse current generator (1) is connected to the discharge electrode pair (7) of the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experimental chamber (3) via a coaxial cable (8), and a high-voltage insulating sealing sleeve is provided around the inlet. The sealed gas discharge tube simulates the experimental chamber (3) and is equipped with a high-precision gas ratio system. The gas pressure is maintained by a vacuum pump group. The Rogowski coil (6) is wrapped in a coaxial cable (8). The high-voltage differential probe (9) measures the voltage between the electrodes. The signal is transmitted to the oscilloscope (10) through an isolation amplifier. The control console (2) integrates a PLC and a computer (11), and connects to a pulse current generator (1) and a sealed gas discharge tube to simulate the experimental chamber (3); The protection system (12) connects the pulse current generator (1) and the air pressure sensor (4); The in-situ detection experimental section includes an optical emission spectroscopy detection system, a tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy system, and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (28); A spectral detection point is set in the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experimental chamber (3). The fiber optic probe (21) of the optical emission spectral detection system is installed at the spectral detection point and coupled to the high-resolution spectrometer (23) via fiber optic (22). The tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy system includes a laser (24) mounted on a shockproof optical platform (25). The laser (24) outputs laser light that penetrates vertically through the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experimental cavity (3) and is aligned with the viewing windows on both sides. The transmitted light is received by the photodetector (26) on the opposite side. The time-of-flight mass spectrometer (28) is connected to the top of the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experimental chamber (3) via a flange interface (13). The time-of-flight mass spectrometer (28) is equipped with a three-stage molecular pump group (20). The synchronous optical observation section includes a high-speed camera (29), which records the discharge process through the optical window on the end face of the sealed gas discharge tube simulating the experimental cavity (3).

2. The in-situ detection and synchronous optical observation experimental platform for ArNe gas discharge tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealed gas discharge tube simulation chamber (3) is used to simulate the insulating inert gas environment inside the gas discharge tube. The top flange of the sealed gas discharge tube simulation chamber (3) is provided with a sampling cone hole. The sampling cone hole is the sampling cone (14) interface of the time-of-flight mass spectrometer (28). The interface is connected to the differential pumping system of the time-of-flight mass spectrometer (28) through a metal sealing ring.

3. The in-situ detection and synchronous optical observation experimental platform for ArNe gas discharge tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealed gas discharge tube simulation experimental chamber (3) is equipped with two VCR interface gas valves (15) on the top and has a gas pressure sensor (4) interface.

4. The in-situ detection and synchronous optical observation experimental platform for ArNe gas discharge tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealed gas discharge tube simulation experimental chamber (3) is equipped with a sample fixing and pressing device (16). The sample fixing and pressing device (16) is made of copper and has a frustum structure at the top. Below the frustum is a liftable and lowering end electrode worktable (17).

5. The in-situ detection and synchronous optical observation experimental platform for ArNe gas discharge tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealed gas discharge tube simulation chamber (3) has five quartz optical windows (18) evenly distributed on its side wall, each window being embedded into the sealed gas discharge tube simulation chamber (3) at a 45° angle.

6. The in-situ detection and synchronous optical observation experimental platform for ArNe gas discharge tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experimental chamber (3) adopts a detachable electrode seat design and is connected to the laboratory grounding grid through a copper braided strip (19). A molecular pump group (20) is configured at the bottom.

7. The in-situ detection and synchronous optical observation experimental platform for ArNe gas discharge tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spectral detection points are set on the outer periphery of the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experimental cavity (3). There are four sets of spectral detection points, and each optical fiber (22) is connected to an observation window.

8. The in-situ detection and synchronous optical observation experimental platform for ArNe gas discharge tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The output end of the coaxial cable (8) is connected to the main time base generator (30), and the four channels of the oscilloscope (10) monitor the current signal of the Rogowski coil (6), the voltage signal of the high voltage probe, the trigger pulse of the laser (24), and the gate signal of the high-speed camera (29), respectively.

9. The experimental method of the ArNe gas discharge tube in-situ detection synchronous optical observation experimental platform, applied to the ArNe gas discharge tube in-situ detection synchronous optical observation experimental platform as described in any one of claims 1-8, is characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: System initialization. After closing all valves, start the molecular pump group (20) and evacuate the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experimental chamber (3) to a basic vacuum. Step 2: Fill the sealed gas discharge tube simulation experimental chamber (3) with high-purity Ar / Ne gas according to the set ratio using a mass flow meter to the target gas pressure; Step 3: Adjust the distance between the electrodes at both ends of the gas discharge tube; Step 4: Set the lightning discharge parameters and simultaneously configure the optical detection system; Step 5: Start the main time base generator (30), and the pulse current generator (1) outputs a high voltage pulse to break down the gas. The Rogowski coil (6), high voltage probe, optical detection system, time-of-flight mass spectrometer (28), and high-speed camera (29) work synchronously. Step 6: All the above measurement data are transmitted to the main control computer (11) for time alignment processing to generate a comprehensive dataset; Step 7: After the experiment, the system will automatically discharge energy, save data and record relevant status parameters.

10. The experimental method of the in-situ detection synchronous optical observation experimental platform for ArNe gas discharge tubes according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step four, the output wavelength of the dual lasers (24) of the tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy system is adjusted to the Ar absorption line and the Ne absorption line and the optical path is calibrated. After beam combining through a dichroic mirror, the beam penetrates the discharge region through the same optical path and the signal is separated at the photodetector (26). Set the integration time of the spectrometer (23) and the gating width of the high-speed camera (29) of the optical emission spectroscopy system, turn on the differential pumping system of the mass spectrometer and preheat the ion lens.

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