Antenna array layout structure and communication equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses an antenna array layout structure and communication equipment, and relates to a main technical scheme in the technical field of antennae. Through a multi-row array element layout extending along a first direction, adjacent array elements in the same row adopt a preset proportion interval of working wavelength; at least two rows of array elements are arranged in a staggered manner in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, so that projection positions of different rows of array elements in the first direction are not completely overlapped, regular phase superposition and additional space phase difference can be formed in radiation fields of adjacent array elements, the directivity of radiation beams is optimized, main lobes are enhanced, side lobes are inhibited, and a downward inclination angle is adjusted; meanwhile, the anti-interference capability is improved by destroying the in-phase superposition condition of interference signals, the distance and offset can be flexibly adjusted according to different frequency bands to adapt to various communication scenes, the space utilization rate can be improved through staggered overlapping layout, and the integrated requirements of light and thin equipment are met.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of antennas, and in particular, to an antenna array layout structure and a communication device. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, the antenna system placed inside a mobile device is mainly based on a wire antenna and a microstrip patch antenna technology. The radiation pattern of the wire antenna and the wire antenna array is a full-dipole pattern perpendicular to the back of the mobile device. Although the electromagnetic wave pattern generated by the leakage wave radiated from the gap between the microstrip patch can be directed to the sky parallel to the mobile device, the electromagnetic wave is leaked from the gap around the microstrip patch, and electromagnetic waves are radiated from the upper, lower, left and right of the mobile device. Not only is the radiation energy wasted, but the distribution of the pattern generated by the microstrip patch is also not as good as the dipole pattern of the wire antenna, and the performance is poor. SUMMARY

[0003] The present disclosure provides an antenna array layout structure and a communication device. The main purpose is to solve the problem of poor performance of the antenna system.

[0004] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, an antenna array layout structure is provided, comprising:

[0005] a plurality of rows of elements extending along a first direction, each row containing at least one element; wherein the spacing between adjacent elements in the same row in the first direction is a preset proportion of the operating wavelength;

[0006] at least two rows of elements are arranged in a staggered manner in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and the projection positions of different rows of elements on the X-axis do not completely coincide.

[0007] Optionally, the spacing between different elements in each row is different.

[0008] Optionally, the excitation current parameters of all elements in the same row are the same, and the excitation current parameters are positively correlated with the performance requirements of the preset radiation pattern.

[0009] Optionally, the at least two rows of elements comprise:

[0010] the starting position of the first row of elements along the first direction is a reference point,

[0011] the starting position of the second row of elements along the first direction is offset by a preset multiple of the proportion of the operating wavelength relative to the reference point.

[0012] Optionally, the starting position of the second row of elements is offset by twice the preset proportion of the operating wavelength.

[0013] Optionally, the spacing of the array elements in the second direction is a proportional value of the operating wavelength, and the proportional value is positively correlated with the requirement of the downtilt angle of the array pattern.

[0014] Optionally, the array includes a first row of array elements, a second row of array elements, a third row of array elements, and a fourth row of array elements.

[0015] The first row of array elements includes at least one first array element, and the position of the at least one first array element in the first direction is determined based on a reference point and a proportional spacing.

[0016] The second row of array elements includes at least one second array element, and the at least one second array element is distributed in a staggered manner relative to the first row of array elements.

[0017] The third row of array elements includes at least one third array element, and the at least one third array element is distributed in a staggered manner relative to the second row of array elements.

[0018] The fourth row of array elements includes at least one fourth array element, and the at least one fourth array element is distributed in a staggered manner relative to the third row of array elements.

[0019] Optionally, the operating wavelength is a center wavelength of a wireless communication frequency band, and the array is used to form an anti-interference radiation beam with a downtilt angle.

[0020] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a mobile terminal device is provided, and the device includes the antenna array layout structure according to the first aspect.

[0021] The antenna array layout structure and the communication device provided by the present disclosure mainly include: a plurality of rows of array elements extending along a first direction, each row including at least one array element; wherein the spacing of adjacent array elements in the same row in the first direction is a preset proportion of the operating wavelength; at least two rows of array elements are arranged in a staggered manner in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and the projection positions of different rows of array elements on the X-axis do not completely coincide. Compared with related technologies, the present application arranges a plurality of rows of array elements extending along the first direction, uses a preset proportion of the operating wavelength for the spacing of adjacent array elements in the same row, and arranges at least two rows of array elements in a staggered manner in the second direction perpendicular to the first direction, so that the projection positions of different rows of array elements in the first direction do not completely coincide. This can make the adjacent array element radiation fields form regular phase superposition and additional spatial phase difference, thereby optimizing the radiation beam directivity, enhancing the main lobe suppression side lobe, and adjusting the downtilt angle. At the same time, the anti-interference ability is improved by destroying the interference signal in-phase superposition condition. In addition, the spacing and the offset can be flexibly adjusted according to different frequency bands to adapt to various communication scenarios, and the space utilization rate can be improved by staggered overlapping layout to meet the integration requirements of thin devices.

[0022] It is to be understood that the details set forth herein do not limit the scope of the embodiments of the application but merely constitute illustrative of typical embodiments. It will thus be apparent that various modifications and adaptations can be made in view of the above teachings without departing from the scope of the application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the principles of the application and no limitation upon the scope thereof. In the drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an antenna array layout structure according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a mobile phone back structure of a whip antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a two-dimensional polar coordinate pattern under normalization according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 4 A pattern in a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system under normalization according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of an array based on whip antenna elements in the XOZ plane according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 6 A normalized pattern of a 3x3 order XOZ plane two-dimensional whip antenna array with the same vibrator arm length, the same adjacent element spacing, and all element vibrators being the same excitation current according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 7 A pattern of electromagnetic radiation of a two-dimensional 8-element array based on whip antennas in the XOZ plane according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a basic outer shape structure of a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] Exemplary embodiments of the present application are described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present application and, as such, no limitation of the scope of the application is intended by illustrating particular embodiments. Rather, the exemplary embodiments can be implemented in a variety of ways, as would be within the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. Additionally, variations to the exemplary embodiments can be made and would be within the scope of the application. Thus, the application is not to be limited to the exemplary embodiments described herein, but is to be accorded the full scope consistent with the patent laws.

[0033] To facilitate understanding, the application scenarios of the antenna structure involved in this application will be explained first. The antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application can be used in WLAN devices, cellular mobile network devices, or other wireless communication devices. The antenna structure involved in the embodiments of this application can serve as an antenna for an access point and can be connected to an RF circuit via a feeder.

[0034] The antenna specifications of an access point are strongly correlated with the usage scenario. The performance of an access point varies depending on the usage scenario it operates in.

[0035] Antenna radiation patterns have varying requirements, necessitating antennas with different radiation characteristics. If the antenna's radiation characteristics don't adapt to changes in usage scenarios, incompatibility issues may arise, such as poor interference immunity or insufficient coverage. Currently, external antennas for access points typically use whip antennas. Whip antennas only offer omnidirectional operation, have weak interference immunity, and their performance is less than ideal, making them unsuitable for some usage scenarios, such as high-density environments.

[0036] Based on this, embodiments of this application provide an antenna structure. The beam radiated by this antenna structure can have a downtilt angle, exhibiting strong anti-interference capabilities and applicability to various application scenarios, such as high-density environments. In this application, the downtilt angle refers to the angle between the antenna's maximum radiation direction and the horizontal plane when the antenna is vertically positioned.

[0037] The antenna array layout structure and communication device of embodiments of this disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna array layout structure provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, it includes:

[0040] Multiple rows of array elements extending along a first direction, each row containing at least one array element; wherein, the spacing between adjacent array elements in the same row in the first direction is a preset ratio of the working wavelength;

[0041] In the multi-row array element layout extending along the first direction described in this invention, the first direction is the reference direction for defining the horizontal arrangement of array elements. In the embodiment of this application, it is the X-axis direction in the three-dimensional coordinate system. Multi-row array elements refer to two or more layers of array element groups distributed in the spatial dimension perpendicular to the first direction. The array elements in each layer of array element group (i.e., "row") extend and are arranged along the first direction, and each row contains at least one array element, forming a three-dimensional layered array structure.

[0042] The working wavelength is the center wavelength of the wireless communication frequency band to which the array is adapted (for example, about 12.5 cm corresponding to the 2.4 GHz frequency band, and about 6 cm corresponding to the 5 GHz frequency band), and the preset ratio is a dimensionless coefficient set according to electromagnetic radiation characteristics, used to associate the spacing parameter with the wavelength to meet the electromagnetic wave interference condition. For example, when the preset ratio is 1 / n (n is a positive integer greater than 1), the spacing between adjacent elements is λ / n. This design causes the electromagnetic waves radiated by adjacent elements in the same row to form a regular phase difference in space (phase difference Δφ = 2π·(λ / n) / λ = 2π / n), thereby enhancing the radiation energy in a certain direction due to in-phase superposition (forming a main lobe) and suppressing the energy in other directions due to out-of-phase cancellation (forming a side lobe). By adjusting the preset ratio, the radiation indicators such as the main lobe width and side lobe level can be controlled. For example, a smaller ratio value (such as λ / 8) helps to improve the directivity of the radiation pattern, and a larger ratio value (such as λ / 2) can maintain the basic beam synthesis capability while reducing the number of elements.

[0043] This layout method links the element spacing to the working wavelength, so that the array structure naturally adapts to the electromagnetic characteristics of the target frequency band, avoiding grating lobe interference or energy dispersion problems caused by unreasonable spacing. It can realize directional control of the radiation beam and is suitable for wireless communication scenarios that require concentrated energy to cover a specific area, such as indoor high-density terminal environments or outdoor long-distance transmission scenarios.

[0044] The at least two rows of elements are arranged in a staggered manner in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and the projection positions of different rows of elements on the X-axis do not completely overlap.

[0045] The core of the present application is to adjust the relative positions of the elements through a three-dimensional spatial layout to optimize the radiation performance. The second direction is a spatial dimension perpendicular to the first direction (i.e., the X-axis). In the embodiments of the present application, the second direction is the Z-axis. The staggered arrangement means that the positions of the two or more rows of elements in the second direction are different, and the starting positions of the rows of elements along the first direction are offset, resulting in that the horizontal projection positions of the rows of elements on the X-axis do not completely overlap. For example, one row of elements is arranged starting from the X-axis origin 0, and the other row is arranged starting from the X-axis position λ / (2n). It should be noted that this description is only an exemplary description and is not a specific limitation on the specific arrangement positions.

[0046] When different rows of array elements are misaligned in the second direction, the electromagnetic waves radiated thereby will produce an additional spatial phase difference in space, which is directly related to the misalignment offset. For example, if a row of array elements is offset by Δx relative to another row in the X-axis projection position, then the phase difference Δφ = 2π·Δx / λ. By controlling the size of Δx (such as Δx = λ / (2n)), the phase difference can be π / n, thereby adjusting the downtilt angle (i.e., the angle between the maximum radiation direction and the horizontal plane) of the beam, so that the energy can be concentrated in the preset area. At the same time, the fact that the projection positions do not completely coincide means that the radiation centers of the array elements in each row are displaced in the horizontal direction, which destroys the in-phase superposition condition of the interference signals at each array element, and thus forms an interference suppression notch in the synthesized radiation pattern, thereby improving the anti-interference capability.

[0047] For example, in a high-density wireless local area network scenario, the misaligned arrangement of two rows of array elements can enhance the signal strength in the main lobe direction while suppressing the interference from adjacent access points in the side lobe direction, and the offset amount of the projection positions can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual scene requirements (such as 0 < Δx < λ / 2), thereby ensuring the directivity of the beam while avoiding energy dispersion caused by excessive misalignment. This layout does not require additional radio frequency components, and only through spatial geometric arrangement can the phase difference be controlled, and has the characteristics of simple structure and strong adaptability.

[0048] The main technical scheme of the antenna array layout structure provided by the present disclosure includes: a plurality of rows of array elements extending along a first direction, each row including at least one array element; wherein adjacent array elements in the same row have a preset proportional spacing of the operating wavelength in the first direction; and at least two rows of array elements are misaligned in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and the projection positions of different rows of array elements on the X-axis do not completely coincide. Compared with related technologies, the present application embodiment arranges a plurality of rows of array elements extending along the first direction, uses a preset proportional spacing of the operating wavelength for adjacent array elements in the same row, and misaligns at least two rows of array elements in the second direction perpendicular to the first direction, so that the projection positions of different rows of array elements in the first direction do not completely coincide, which can cause regular phase superposition and additional spatial phase difference in the radiation field of adjacent array elements, thereby optimizing the directivity of the radiation beam, enhancing the main lobe and suppressing the side lobe, adjusting the downtilt angle, improving the anti-interference capability by destroying the in-phase superposition condition of the interference signals, and flexibly adjusting the spacing and offset amount according to different frequency bands to adapt to various communication scenarios. In addition, the misaligned overlapping layout can improve the space utilization and meet the integration requirements of thin devices.

[0049] In some embodiments, the spacing between different array elements in each row is different.

[0050] In some embodiments, the proportional spacing is λ / n, where λ is the operating wavelength and n is a positive integer greater than 1.

[0051] The proportional interval refers to the interval of adjacent elements in the same row in the X-axis being a fixed proportional value of the working wavelength, where λ is the center wavelength of the array working frequency band, and n is a dimensionless positive integer and n>1, which determines the precision of the interval and the electromagnetic characteristics of the array.

[0052] When the interval is λ / n, the phase difference of the electromagnetic waves radiated by adjacent elements in space is Δφ=2π·(λ / n) / λ=2π / n, which directly affects the beam pointing and sidelobe distribution of the array pattern. For example:

[0053] When n=2, the interval is λ / 2, and the phase difference Δφ=π at this time, which is suitable for the design of traditional half-wavelength element interval array, which can form a main lobe in the end-fire direction and suppress the reverse radiation;

[0054] When n=4 or n=8, the interval is reduced to λ / 4 or λ / 8, and the phase difference is reduced to π / 2 or π / 4 accordingly, allowing a denser arrangement of elements to achieve a narrower main lobe width or more flexible beam scanning angle.

[0055] The limitation of n>1 is based on the basic physical law of antenna array: when n=1, the interval is λ, which is easy to cause grating lobe due to the too large space period, resulting in the appearance of unexpected high-energy sidelobes in the pattern; while n>1, the interval is less than λ, which can effectively avoid the problem of grating lobe, and by adjusting the value of n, the complexity of the array and the radiation performance can be balanced. For example, in high-frequency communication scenarios (such as millimeter wave frequency band), a smaller n value (such as n=8) can adapt to the characteristics of short wavelength, realizing compact array design; in low-frequency scenarios (such as 2.4GHz), a larger n value (such as n=4) can reduce the number of elements, reduce cost and power consumption while ensuring performance.

[0056] This design binds the engineering parameters (interval) and physical quantities (wavelength) through mathematical formulas, making the array structure have frequency band adaptability, and the same layout rule can adapt to different wireless communication standards such as Wi-Fi, 5G NR by adjusting the value of n, which embodies the combination of standardization and flexibility.

[0057] In some embodiments, the interval of all adjacent elements in the first direction is the same, all dx=λ / 8.

[0058] In some embodiments, the excitation current parameters of all elements in the same row are the same, and the excitation current parameters are positively related to the performance requirements of the preset radiation pattern.

[0059] The excitation current parameters include the amplitude and phase of the current, and the same parameters of all elements in the same row mean that the elements in the row radiate with the same energy intensity and phase relationship, forming a subarray with the same excitation, which is convenient for synthesizing a beam with a specific directivity in space.

[0060] The performance requirement of the preset radiation pattern refers to an electromagnetic radiation index preset according to an application scenario, for example, a beam downtilt angle, a maximum gain value, a sidelobe suppression level, and the like. A positive correlation indicates a same-direction change relationship that a value of the excitation current parameter increases as the performance requirement increases and decreases as the requirement decreases, for example:

[0061] When it is necessary to improve the maximum gain of the radiation beam, the excitation current amplitude can be increased to enhance the array element radiation energy, so that more electromagnetic energy is accumulated in the main lobe direction.

[0062] When it is necessary to adjust the beam downtilt angle to cover a short-distance area, the maximum radiation direction of the synthesized beam can be tilted downward by adjusting the excitation current phase (for example, introducing a fixed phase difference between the array elements in each row), and the phase adjustment amplitude and the downtilt angle requirement have a positive correlation trend.

[0063] The technical logic of the design is that the same-parameter excitation of the same-row array elements can avoid phase disorder or energy cancellation caused by current differences, and the positive correlation between the parameter and the performance requirement provides an adjustment dimension for dynamic optimization of the radiation pattern. For example, in a high-density communication scenario, if the preset requirement is to suppress horizontal direction interference, the main lobe energy can be enhanced by increasing the excitation current amplitude, and the sidelobe energy can be reduced by phase coordination, to realize a positive feedback of “increasing requirement→increasing parameter→optimizing performance”. This layout does not require complex beamforming circuits, and only uniform current control is required to realize basic directivity adjustment, which has design simplicity and scene adaptability.

[0064] In some embodiments, at least two rows of array elements are included, wherein:

[0065] The starting position of the first row of array elements along the first direction is a reference point,

[0066] The starting position of the second row of array elements along the first direction is offset by a preset multiple of the proportional interval relative to the reference point.

[0067] The reference point is a coordinate reference origin that defines the array layout, and in some embodiments, it is the “0” position of the X-axis in a three-dimensional coordinate system. The first row of array elements is arranged along the X-axis with the point as the starting point, forming a reference layer of the array. The starting position offset of the second row of array elements refers to a horizontal displacement of the first array element position along the first direction relative to the reference point, and the displacement amount is determined by the preset multiple of the proportional interval.

[0068] The preset multiple is a dimensionless coefficient (e.g., 1 / 2), and the two together determine the size of the offset. For example, when the proportional interval is λ / 8 (n = 8) and the preset multiple is 1 / 2, the offset is (λ / 8) x (1 / 2) = λ / 16, and at this time the first element of the second row is located at the λ / 16 position of the X axis, forming a spatial misalignment with the first element of the first row (X = 0). This design causes the radiation fields of the two rows of elements to produce an additional phase difference Δφ = 2π·(λ / 16) / λ = π / 8 in space, and after superimposing this phase difference with the phase difference between the elements in the same row (e.g., 2π / 8 = π / 4), the downward angle of the synthesized beam can be adjusted and the sidelobes can be suppressed.

[0069] The offset layout changes the radiation center positions of different rows of elements, so that the path differences of interference signals at the elements are inconsistent, the in-phase superposition condition is destroyed, and interference suppression regions are formed in the directional diagram. At the same time, the preset multiple usually has a value range of 0 to 1 (e.g., 0 < multiple < 1), which ensures that the offset is smaller than the proportional interval, and avoids imbalance of the array structure or energy dispersion due to excessive offset. For example, in a high-density wireless communication scenario, the offset of the two rows of elements can be set to λ / (2n), so that the phase difference is π / n, and in combination with the design of the vertical direction interval (e.g., the second direction misalignment arrangement in claim 1), a directional beam with a specific downward angle can be formed, which can improve the signal strength of the target region while reducing the interference on the adjacent access points, and realize the technical logic closed loop of “spatial misalignment → phase control → interference suppression enhancement”. This layout method does not require additional active devices, and can realize radiation performance optimization only through geometric position design, and has the engineering advantages of low cost and easy integration.

[0070] In some embodiments, the starting position of the second row of elements is offset by a preset multiple of twice the working wavelength.

[0071] In some embodiments, the starting position of the second row of elements is offset by λ / (2n), where λ is the working wavelength and n is a positive integer greater than 1.

[0072] The preset multiple is 1 / 2, that is, the starting position of the second row of elements is offset by λ / (2n), which is a specific quantification of the preset multiple, and directly relates the offset to the working wavelength λ and the proportional interval parameter n to form a standardized misalignment layout rule. The preset multiple 1 / 2 indicates that the offset of the starting position of the second row of elements relative to the reference point (the starting position of the first row) along the first direction is half of the proportional interval (λ / n), that is, Δx = (λ / n) x (1 / 2) = λ / (2n). This design causes the projected positions of the two rows of elements in the first direction to form regular misalignments. For example, when n = 8, the offset is λ / 16, which is about 0.78 cm for the 2.4 GHz frequency band (λ ≈ 12.5 cm) and about 0.375 cm for the 5 GHz frequency band (λ ≈ 6 cm), which adapts to the compact layout requirements of different frequency bands.

[0073] From the principle of electromagnetic radiation, the offset introduces an additional spatial phase difference Δφ = 2π·Δx / λ = 2π·(λ / (2n)) / λ = π / n, which cooperates with the phase difference 2π / n of the adjacent elements in the same row. For example, when n = 4, the phase difference in the same row is π / 2, and the phase difference introduced by the offset between the two rows is π / 4. After synthesis, the beam down angle θ satisfies sinθ = Δφ·λ / (2π·d_z) (d_z is the second direction spacing), thereby precisely controlling the radiation direction. The technical advantage of this "half-proportional spacing offset" design is that:

[0074] Controllable phase difference: The preset multiple of 1 / 2 is an optimal value based on the half-wavelength interference principle of electromagnetic waves, which can make the radiation fields of the offset elements in-phase superimposed in the main lobe direction and partially canceled in the side lobe direction, effectively suppressing the energy radiation in the non-target direction;

[0075] Structural symmetry: The offset of λ / (2n) ensures that the arrangement of the two rows of elements in the first direction has symmetry (for example, the first row starts from 0, and the second row starts from λ / (2n)), avoiding the distortion of the array pattern caused by excessive offset, and simplifying the coordinate calculation in engineering design;

[0076] Scenario adaptability: The offset amount dynamically adjusts with the wavelength λ (for example, the offset amount is smaller when the wavelength is shorter in the high frequency band), which can realize efficient three-dimensional array layout in the limited space of mobile terminals such as mobile phones and tablets, and improve the radiation directivity without increasing the number of elements.

[0077] By explicitly setting the preset multiple to 1 / 2, the present application provides specific engineering implementation parameters for staggered layout, which not only retains the core feature of "incomplete overlap of projection positions" in claim 1, but also enhances the implementability of the technical solution through a quantitative relationship, and is suitable for wireless communication devices that need to precisely control the beam pointing and anti-interference capability.

[0078] In some embodiments, the spacing of the rows of elements in the second direction is a proportional value of the operating wavelength, and the proportional value is positively correlated with the down angle requirement of the array pattern.

[0079] By associating the element spacing in the z-axis with the operating wavelength, and establishing a dynamic adjustment relationship between the spacing parameter and the down angle of the radiation beam, the spacing of the rows of elements refers to the vertical distance between the adjacent two rows of elements in the second direction (for example, the spacing d 12 between the second row of elements and the first row of elements), which is expressed as a proportional value of the operating wavelength λ (for example, d = kλ, k is a dimensionless proportional coefficient).

[0080] The downtilt requirement refers to a preset requirement for the angle (θ) between the maximum radiation direction of the radiation beam and the horizontal plane according to the application scenario (for example, indoor coverage requires θ = 45°, and outdoor long-distance transmission requires θ = 15°). The positive correlation means that when the downtilt angle θ needs to be increased, the proportional value k of the second direction spacing is correspondingly increased, and vice versa. The physical principle of this design is based on the spatial phase difference effect of electromagnetic waves: when the two rows of array elements have a second direction spacing of d = kλ, the phase difference of their radiation field in the target direction is Δφ = 2πd / λ·cosθ = 2πk·cosθ, and by adjusting the value of k, the phase difference can be changed, thereby controlling the beam downtilt angle θ. For example, when k = 0.1λ, the smaller spacing produces a smaller phase difference, which is suitable for small downtilt angle scenarios; when k = 0.5λ, the larger spacing produces a larger phase difference, which can achieve a large downtilt angle.

[0081] From the perspective of engineering implementation, the value range of the proportional value k is usually 0 < k < 1 (such as 0.1λ≤d≤0.5λ), which avoids both the expansion of the array volume caused by too large spacing and the mutual coupling effect caused by too small spacing. For example, in the design of a mobile phone antenna, if the preset downtilt requirement is 30°, the spacing can be set to 0.25λ, so that the phase difference Δφ = 2π×0.25×cos30°≈1.36π, and through synthesis calculation, the maximum radiation direction of the beam can be accurately tilted to the target angle. This design, in which the spacing proportional value is dynamically adjusted according to the downtilt angle requirement, does not need to rely on complex phase-shifting circuits, but only needs to adjust the geometric layout to optimize the beam pointing, which has both design flexibility and cost advantage.

[0082] In some embodiments, the array includes a first row of array elements, a second row of array elements, a third row of array elements, and a fourth row of array elements, wherein:

[0083] The first row of array elements includes at least one first array element, and the position of the at least one first array element in the first direction is determined based on a reference point and a proportional spacing;

[0084] The second row of array elements includes at least one second array element, and the at least one second array element is distributed in a staggered manner relative to the first row of array elements;

[0085] The third row of array elements includes at least one third array element, and the at least one third array element is distributed in a staggered manner relative to the second row of array elements;

[0086] The fourth row of array elements includes at least one fourth array element, and the at least one fourth array element is distributed in a staggered manner relative to the third row of array elements.

[0087] The gradient optimization of radiation performance is realized by the reference point positioning and the layer-by-layer staggered mechanism. The reference point is the coordinate origin for defining the array layout, that is, the "0" position of the first direction X axis in the three-dimensional coordinate system. The positions of the first-row array elements are determined based on the reference point and the proportional interval, that is, the first array element is located at the reference point, and the subsequent array elements are arranged in the first direction at a proportional interval λ / n, such as positions 0, λ / n, 2λ / n, and the like, forming the basic layer of the array.

[0088] The second-row array elements are staggered and distributed relative to the first row, that is, the starting position of the second row in the first direction deviates from the reference point (such as a preset multiple of the proportional interval), and the vertical position in the Z axis is different from that of the first row, so that the projection positions of the two rows of array elements in the X axis do not completely coincide. Similarly, the staggered distribution of the third row relative to the second row and the fourth row relative to the third row follows the same relative offset rules, forming a layer-by-layer staggered structure. For example:

[0089] The first row (z1 row) arranges three array elements (positions 0, λ / n, 2λ / n) with X=0 as the starting point;

[0090] The second row (z2 row) arranges two array elements (positions λ / (2n), 3λ / (2n)) with X=λ / (2n) as the starting point, and the interval in the Z axis direction is k1λ from the z1 row;

[0091] The third row (z3 row) arranges two array elements (with the same X-axis starting position as the z2 row, forming a same-layer stagger) with X=λ / (2n) as the starting point, and the Z-axis interval is k2λ;

[0092] The fourth row (z4 row) arranges one array element (located at the middle position of the z1 row) with X=λ / n as the starting point, and the Z-axis interval is k3λ.

[0093] Through the superposition of the starting position offset of the multiple layers of array elements in the first direction and the vertical interval in the second direction, multiple orders of spatial phase differences are accumulated (such as introducing a phase difference Δφ=π / n for each row, and the total phase difference of four layers is 4π / n), so that the radiation beam forms a steeper downward gradient in the vertical plane or a narrower main lobe width in the horizontal plane. At the same time, the layer-by-layer staggering avoids the complete overlap of the array elements in the three-dimensional space, reduces the mutual coupling effect, and improves the array efficiency. For example, in a high-density multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, the four-layer structure can provide more spatial degrees of freedom to support more complex beamforming algorithms, and the regular layout of the layer-by-layer staggering facilitates coordinate calculation and processing and manufacturing in engineering implementation.

[0094] By clear hierarchical misalignment rules (first row reference positioning + subsequent rows layer-by-layer offset), while maintaining structural symmetry, the positive correlation of "increasing number of layers -> phase difference accumulation -> radiation performance improvement" is realized, which is suitable for mobile terminal devices (such as 5G smart phones, Internet of Things gateways) with high requirements for antenna gain and directivity, and can achieve high-performance wireless communication in limited space through geometric arrangement optimization.

[0095] In some embodiments, the operating wavelength is the center wavelength of a wireless communication frequency band, and the array is used to form an anti-interference radiation beam with a downward angle.

[0096] The operating wavelength is defined as the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the target wireless communication frequency band, and the calculation formula is λ = c / f (where c is the speed of light and f is the center frequency). This definition directly links the array layout parameters (such as the proportional spacing λ / n and the misalignment offset λ / (2n)) to the actual operating frequency band, ensuring that the structural design conforms to the electromagnetic radiation rules of the target frequency band.

[0097] The downward angle refers to the misalignment offset of the maximum radiation direction of the radiation beam from the horizontal plane and the first direction. The spatial phase difference Δφ = 2π·(d·cosθ) / λ (d is the element spacing) can be introduced to concentrate the synthesized beam energy in the preset downward direction. For example, when it is necessary to cover short-distance ground terminals, the phase difference can be increased by increasing the second direction spacing proportion value k (such as k = 0.5), forcing the beam to tilt downward by 45°, avoiding the energy from being wasted in high altitude.

[0098] The misaligned elements cause the path difference of the interference signal at each element to be inconsistent, resulting in the inability of the phases to add up in phase, thereby forming an interference suppression notch in the directional diagram. At the same time, the proportional spacing design based on the operating wavelength (such as λ / n ≤ λ / 2) avoids the generation of grating lobes, reducing the possibility of interference signals entering the receiving end through the side lobes. For example, in a dense cell scenario with severe co-channel interference, the array can control the main lobe to be aligned with the target terminal through the downward angle, and at the same time suppress strong interference signals from the horizontal direction using the misaligned layout, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio by more than 3dB, significantly improving the communication quality.

[0099] Taking the "operating wavelength" as the core reference parameter, the array becomes a "wavelength-level precision structure" adapted to a specific frequency band, and the functional definitions of "downward angle" and "anti-interference" clearly define the application scenario of the technical solution - a wireless communication environment that requires directional coverage and interference suppression (such as indoor routers, vehicle-mounted communication modules, etc.). By binding the physical structure parameters (spacing, offset) with the electromagnetic function indicators (downward angle, anti-interference), the present application realizes the direct mapping from "geometric layout" to "performance optimization", providing a solution for antenna design of mobile terminal devices that combines theoretical rigor and engineering practicality.

[0100] In some embodiments, the interval of all adjacent elements on the X axis is the same, all dx = λ / 8;

[0101] The first row of elements includes 3 elements, and the specific positions are: x11 = 0, x21 = dx = λ / 8, x31 = 2 * dx = λ / 4;

[0102] The second row of elements includes 2 elements, and the specific positions are: x12 = dx / 2 = λ / 16, x22 = dx / 2 + dx = λ3 / 16;

[0103] The third row of elements includes 2 elements, and the specific positions are: x13 = dx / 2 = λ / 16, x23 = dx / 2 + dx = λ3 / 16;

[0104] The fourth row of elements includes 1 element, and the specific position is: x14 = dx = λ / 8.

[0105] The specific position of the first column of elements is: z1 = 0;

[0106] The specific position of the second column of elements is: z2 = l1 = λ / 10 = 0.1λ, which indicates that the interval d12 between the z1 row and the z2 row is 0 because they are staggered.

[0107] The specific position of the third column of elements is: z3 = z2 + l2 + d23 = λ2 / 5 = 0.4λ, which indicates that the interval d23 between the z2 row of elements and the z3 row of elements is λ / 5 = 0.2λ.

[0108] The specific position of the fourth column of elements is: z4 = z3 + l3 + d34 = 0.4λ + 0.125λ + 0.14λ = 0.665λ, which indicates that the interval d34 between the z3 row of elements and the z4 row of elements is 0.14λ.

[0109] The following is an example to illustrate the antenna array layout structure provided by the embodiments of the application.

[0110] The array data based on the whip antenna that can be embedded in the back cover of the mobile phone is designed in units of wavelength. Once the specific wavelength is determined, it only needs to be directly multiplied by the wavelength.

[0111] When the material of the back cover of the mobile phone is not determined, we can also only refer to the vacuum environment. After the material of the back cover of the mobile phone is determined, only the parameters of the material of the back cover of the mobile phone are divided by the relevant parameters in the vacuum environment.

[0112] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 the schematic diagram of the back cover structure of the mobile phone with a whip antenna array provided by the embodiments of the application, as Figure 2The radius of the whip antenna is r = 0.0025λ. The lengths of the whip antenna arms in the array are 3. The array elements in the array are divided into 4 rows in the Z-axis direction, and are staggered in the X-axis direction, but the spacings of the 4 rows of array elements in the X-axis direction are the same, all being dx = λ / 8, and the spacings in the Y-axis direction are different, and specific parameters are shown in Table 1 below. Table 1 is a whip antenna array parameter table embedded in a mobile phone back cover in a vacuum environment provided by the embodiment of the application:

[0113] Table 1

[0114]

[0115] The whip antenna array embedded in the mobile phone back cover is specially designed for 5G low frequency band communication services. The center frequency of the N79W low frequency band number in the current 5G is f = 4.85e9 Hz, and the corresponding wavelength λ = 62 mm. If the center frequency is taken as a reference, the width of the whip antenna array that can be embedded in the mobile phone back cover is w = 2dx = λ / 4 = 15.5 mm, the height is h = l1+l2+d23+l3+d34+l4 = 73.23 mm, and the width-height ratio of the array is 1:4.65. The radius of the whip antenna embedded in the mobile phone back cover is r = 0.0025λ = 0.155 mm, and other specific design data can be directly multiplied by the wavelength λ.

[0116] The embedded array architecture in the mobile phone back cover and specific data are shown in Figure 1 . If the mobile phone back cover material is determined, the parameters can be directly divided by dx, d23, and d34, and the arm length of the whip antenna is not changed.

[0117] Please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 , which is a two-dimensional polar coordinate directivity diagram under a normalized condition provided by the embodiment of the application, including: the half-power angle of the E-plane directivity diagram is 61 degrees, the H-plane directivity diagram is an elliptical oval close to a circle, the maximum value of the E-plane directivity diagram is at an angle of 55 degrees from the Z-axis, and the E-plane directivity diagram has almost only a main lobe, without a side lobe and a grating lobe. Figure 4 is a directivity diagram in a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system under a normalized condition provided by the embodiment of the application, as shown in Figure 4 . The radiation direction of the directivity diagram is omnidirectional in the H-plane and directional in the E-plane, and points to the upper side of the Z-axis at an angle of 55 degrees. In theory, this is exactly the direction of the base station antenna, indicating that the radiation direction of the array electric field is in the best transmission state with the base station antenna.

[0118] The designed array has only 8 whip-like vibrators, because it is a whip-like antenna, the signal feed points are also only 8, and micro coaxial cables can be used, in which the core wire is connected to the antenna, the shield is connected to the ground wire, and the core wire connection points are finally concentrated on the cable routing beside the back shell of the mobile phone, and then connected with the host interface.

[0119] In order to clearly illustrate the antenna array provided by the embodiments of the present application, an example is described below.

[0120] Please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the array based on whip-like antenna elements located on the XOZ plane provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown in Figure 5 It should be noted that, in the design scheme, the starting position of each whip-like antenna element can be different, the spacing between every two adjacent elements can be different, the excitation current in each element can be different, and even the length of the vibrator of each element can be different. Therefore, we can only take the position distance of each element as a reference to the reference point, so that the phase of the element located at the position is taken as the excitation current phase and the wave path difference of the element.

[0121] According to electromagnetic field theory and antenna theory, the radiation electric field of the whip-like antenna element at (x i ,z k ) on the XOZ two-dimensional plane array at the observation point P can be expressed as:

[0122]

[0123] Wherein

[0124]

[0125] Take

[0126]

[0127] Then formula (1-1) is simplified as

[0128]

[0129]

[0130] If formula (1-5) is accumulated, the radiation electric field of all elements in the whip-like antenna array located on the XOZ plane is obtained

[0131]

[0132] The corresponding directional diagram function is:

[0133]

[0134] Please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 The normalized radiation pattern of a 3x3 order XOZ plane two-dimensional whip antenna array provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown in Figure 6 , where the array element parameters are: l z = λ / 4, d x = λ / 2, d z = λ / 2, N x = 3, N z = 3, I m = 1, and the observation angle is θ0= 0, It can be seen that Figure 6 the left is a two-dimensional polar coordinate-based radiation pattern, and the E-plane radiation pattern and the H-plane radiation pattern of the array composed of 9 elements are almost the same, with half-power angles of 37 degrees and 38 degrees, respectively, and symmetrically distributed; Figure 6 the right is a three-dimensional space coordinate-based radiation pattern, which can intuitively show the radiation pattern and the characteristic of symmetrically distributed perpendicular to the array plane, and also shows the 9-element array architecture, facilitating the comparison of the radiation pattern and the array. Obviously, the whip antenna array with a quarter-wavelength element length has a better directivity, but this shaped beam is obviously not suitable for communication between a mobile phone and a base station, nor is it the best waveform and position for communication between a mobile phone and a base station.

[0135] Please refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7 The radiation pattern of a two-dimensional 8-element array based on a whip antenna in the XOZ plane provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown in Figure 7 , where the element length, the adjacent element spacing, and the excitation current of each element in the array can be different, and the shaped beam generated can also be different. Comparing Figure 7 right with Figure 7 right, because the element length, the adjacent spacing, and the excitation current of the array shown in Figure 7 are different, the generated electromagnetic radiation pattern has also changed greatly, where the E-plane radiation pattern has changed from the symmetrically rod-shaped feature with a small half-power angle to the symmetrically butterfly-shaped feature with a large half-power, and it can be seen that the angle between the butterfly-shaped direction and the positive direction of the Z axis is 69 degrees, and the half-power angle is 71 degrees; the H-plane radiation pattern has changed from the symmetrically rod-shaped feature with a small half-power angle to the elliptical shape with a small ratio of long axis to short axis, that is, its H-plane radiation pattern is omnidirectional.

[0136] On the surface, the directivity of the radiation pattern shown in Figure 6 is better, but it is not suitable for the needs in the scene because the antennas of ordinary base stations are higher than mobile phone users.Figure 7 The pattern shown is actually more suitable for the mutual communication between the handset and the base station. In particular Figure 7 The array width dimension shown is narrowed a lot, making it more appropriate for the array to be placed inside the handset.

[0137] In fact, by changing the relevant parameters of the whip antenna elements, we can not only obtain the array size and architecture pattern we need, but also obtain the electromagnetic radiation pattern that meets the design criteria we need.

[0138] Based on the technical features and capabilities, the whip antenna array design embedded in the back shell of the handset is realized.

[0139] The whip antenna array design embedded in the back shell of the handset includes:

[0140] The influence of the embedding medium on the whip antenna position parameters located at (x, y, z).

[0141] It should be noted that all the above analysis is based on the implementation in a vacuum environment. If the whip antenna is embedded in a medium, the distance parameters of all adjacent elements will change, depending on the relative permittivity ε r and the relative permeability μ r of the medium.

[0142] According to electromagnetic field theory, antenna theory and formulas (1-1), (1-2), (1-3), the pattern function of the three-dimensional array composed of whip antenna elements is:

[0143]

[0144] In the formula:

[0145]

[0146] The wave path difference between the elements corresponding to the observation angle and the scanning angle, respectively.

[0147] Obviously, the wave path difference is related to the wave number k.

[0148] The wave number is the number of waves per unit length, which is generally defined as k = 2π / λ = ω / v, where ω is the angular frequency and v is the wave speed. Since the wave speed in vacuum is The wave speed in the medium is Therefore, the wave number in the medium can be expressed as:

[0149]

[0150] Or:

[0151]

[0152] where k0= ω / c is the wave number in vacuum.

[0153] Let the wave path in vacuum be k0d x0 and the wave path in medium be kd x Since the coherence of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the vibrator, the wave path transmitted in the medium is the same as the wave path transmitted in the vacuum, so we have:

[0154] kd x =k0d x0 (2-6)

[0155] That is, at the same wave path, the transmission distance in the medium and the transmission distance in the vacuum can be expressed as:

[0156]

[0157] Similarly:

[0158]

[0159] That is, the distance of all positions of the whip antenna embedded in the medium must be divided by a parameter The size of this parameter is related to the relative permittivity and relative permeability of the medium. Obviously, the spacing of the positions of the whip antenna in the medium is smaller than that in the vacuum, which is an aspect that we must pay attention to when designing an antenna array.

[0160] In general, the relative permittivity ε r of most media is greater than 1, and some are thousands or even hundreds of thousands, but the relative permeability μ r of most insulating materials is within the range of 1, which is comparable to vacuum. Therefore, for insulating media, we generally only need to consider the value of the relative permittivity.

[0161] Modern mobile phone back shells generally have three categories: glass, ceramic and composite materials. Among them, composite materials are the first choice for 5G mobile phones. Because composite materials are plastic, they are composed of multiple materials, and the relative permittivity ε r and the relative permeability μ r of the material can be adjusted by proper selection, processing and molding. For example, the relative permittivity ε r of ordinary plastic is generally 1.5-1.7, and the relative permeability is generally around 1, which can be changed after material compounding.

[0162] 2. Influence of medium on spacing of whip antenna array elements

[0163] Similarly, after embedding the whip antenna array into the mobile phone back shell, the positions and spacing of the whip antenna array elements also need to be adjusted according to the relative permittivity εr and relative permeability μ r Adjustment is made accordingly. That is, the distance between each array element needs to be divided by the relative permittivity ε and relative permeability μ of the material of the back cover of the mobile phone. Generally, since ε

[0164] Therefore, when designing an array based on a whip antenna in the back cover of a mobile phone, first, the material parameters of the back cover of the mobile phone, such as the relative permittivity ε r and relative permeability μ r , should be known, and then the parameters ε and μ are directly divided by the related parameters designed in a vacuum environment, and finally the real design data in the back cover of the mobile phone are obtained.

[0165] In practical applications, since the array size designed in a vacuum environment can be large, but due to the large medium parameters ε , it is completely possible to increase the number of array elements in the back cover of the mobile phone to further reduce the half-power angle of the shaped beam of the array radiation electric field, thereby improving the performance of the array in transmitting and receiving.

[0166] 3. Difficulty of embedding the array into the back cover of the mobile phone

[0167] Since the length of the dipole arm of each array element in the array, the excitation current, the coordinates of the array element in the XOZ plane, and the distance between different adjacent dipoles in the X and Z axes, the number of array elements in different X axes, and other basic parameters can be directly controlled, according to the principle of antenna, as long as the layout is reasonable, the best radiation pattern required between the mobile phone antenna and the base station can be obtained.

[0168] Please refer to Figure 8 , Figure 8 a basic external structure diagram of a mobile device provided by an embodiment of the present application, and the geometric parameters mainly include: length = 161.4 mm, width = 76 mm, and thickness = 7.95 mm. In the case of high probability, the size of the mobile phone widely used can be a size structure with a length of no more than 170 mm, a width of no more than 80 mm, and a thickness of no more than 10 mm.

[0169] In addition, there are several cameras and flashlights, color temperature sensors and other components on the back of the phone, and the lower space of the phone is usually the place where the user holds the phone when talking. Since the holding limbs will have a certain impact on electromagnetic induction, thereby affecting the radiation effect of the antenna, the lower part of the phone is generally rarely installed with an antenna, even if it needs to be left, it is some unimportant antenna components. Therefore, in the limited space of the phone back cover, the space that can be used for the main antenna layout is not large, which may be one of the reasons why the current mobile phone transceiver antenna is rarely embedded in the back cover of the phone.

[0170] Based on the whip antenna array, each array element can be adjusted appropriately, so it has the ability to be embedded in the back cover of the phone.

[0171] 4. Whip antenna array design data

[0172] Without determining the specific wavelength supported by the antenna, we can only design the whip antenna array data that can be embedded in the back cover of the phone in wavelength units. Once the specific wavelength is determined, it only needs to be multiplied by the wavelength.

[0173] Without determining the material of the back cover of the phone, we can only refer to the vacuum environment. Once the material of the back cover of the phone is determined, we only need to divide the parameters of the material of the back cover of the phone by the relevant parameters in the vacuum environment.

[0174] Please continue to refer to Figure 2 , the radius of the whip antenna r = 0.0025λ. The arm length of the 8 whip antennas in the array has 3 kinds. The array elements in the array are divided into 4 rows in the Z axis direction, and are staggered in the X axis direction, but the spacing of the 4 rows of array elements in the X axis is the same, all dx = λ / 8, and the spacing in the Y axis is different. The specific parameters please continue to refer to Table 1.

[0175] Therefore: the spacing of all adjacent array elements in the X axis is the same, all dx = λ / 8;

[0176] The excitation current of all array elements in a certain z row X axis is the same, and the specific value can be determined according to the actual unit amount of the specific design standard;

[0177] The specific position of the 3 array elements in z1 row: x11 = 0, x21 = dx = λ / 8, x31 = = 2*dx = λ / 4;

[0178] The specific position of the 2 array elements in z2 row: x12 = dx / 2 = λ / 16, x22 = dx / 2 + dx = λ3 / 16;

[0179] The specific position of the 2 array elements in z3 row: x13 = dx / 2 = λ / 16, x23 = dx / 2 + dx = λ3 / 16;

[0180] Specific position of z4 row 1 element: x14 = dx = λ / 8.

[0181] Specific position of z1 row: z1 = 0;

[0182] Specific position of z2 row: z2 = l1 = λ / 10 = 0.1λ, which indicates that the spacing d12 between z1 row and z2 row is 0 because they are staggered layout;

[0183] Specific position of z3 row: z3 = z2 + l2 + d23 = λ2 / 5 = 0.4λ, which indicates that the spacing d23 between z2 row and z3 row is λ / 5 = 0.2λ;

[0184] Specific position of z4 row: z4 = z3 + l3 + d34 = 0.4λ + 0.125λ + 0.14λ = 0.665λ, which indicates that the spacing d34 between z3 row and z4 row is 0.14λ.

[0185] 5. Specific design example

[0186] The whip antenna array embedded in the back cover of the mobile phone is specially designed for 5G low frequency band communication service. The center frequency of the N79W low frequency band number in the current 5G is f = 4.85e9 Hz, and the corresponding wavelength λ = 62 mm. If the center frequency is taken as a reference, the width of the whip antenna array embedded in the back cover of the mobile phone is designed as w = 2dx = λ / 4 = 15.5 mm, the height is h = l1 + l2 + d23 + l3 + d34 + l4 = 73.23 mm, and the width-height ratio of the array is 1:4.65. The radius of the whip antenna embedded in the back cover of the mobile phone is r = 0.0025λ = 0.155 mm, and other specific design data can be directly multiplied by the wavelength λ.

[0187] Please continue to refer to Figure 2 , if the material of the back cover of the mobile phone is determined, the parameter can be directly used by dividing by dx, d23, and d34, and the arm length of the whip antenna element does not change.

[0188] Please continue to refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 is the basic layout of the size and position of each element of the two-dimensional whip antenna array, and the interval value of the three-dimensional coordinate system is different; please continue to refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 is the two-dimensional polar pattern of the array under the normalization condition, it can be seen that the half-power angle of the E-plane pattern is 61 degrees, the H-plane pattern is an ellipse close to a circle, the maximum value of the E-plane pattern is 55 degrees away from the Z-axis, and the E-plane pattern has almost only a main lobe without side lobes and grating lobes; Figure 4is a directional diagram of the array in a normalized condition in a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system, a radiation direction of the directional diagram is omnidirectional in the H plane and directional in the E plane, and the directional diagram points to the upper side of the Z axis at an angle of 55 degrees, which is theoretically the direction of the base station antenna, indicating that the direction of the radiation electric field of the array is in the best transmission state with the base station antenna.

[0189] The designed array has only 8 whip-shaped oscillators, because it is a whip-shaped antenna, and the signal feed points are also only 8, and a micro coaxial cable can be used, in which the core wire is connected to the antenna, the shield is connected to the ground wire, and the core wire connection points are finally concentrated on the cable routing beside the back shell of the mobile phone, and then connected to the host interface.

[0190] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the present disclosure also provides a mobile terminal device comprising the aforementioned antenna array layout structure.

[0191] It should be noted that the aforementioned explanation and description of the antenna array layout structure embodiments also apply to the mobile terminal device of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and the principles are the same, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. An antenna array layout structure, characterized in that, include: Multiple rows of array elements extending along a first direction, each row containing at least one array element; wherein, the spacing between adjacent array elements in the same row in the first direction is a preset ratio of the working wavelength; At least two rows of array elements are staggered in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and the projection positions of different rows of array elements on the X-axis do not completely overlap.

2. The antenna array layout structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing between different array elements in each row is different.

3. The antenna array layout structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, All array elements in the same row have the same excitation current parameters, which are positively correlated with the performance requirements of the preset radiation pattern.

4. The antenna array layout structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes at least two rows of array elements, where: The starting position of the first row of array elements along the first direction is taken as the reference point. The starting position of the second row of array elements along the first direction is offset relative to the reference point by a preset multiple of the proportional spacing.

5. The antenna array layout structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The starting position of the second row of array elements is offset from the working wavelength by a preset ratio of twice.

6. The antenna array layout structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing between the array elements in each row in the second direction is a proportional value of the operating wavelength, and the proportional value is positively correlated with the downtilt angle requirement of the array pattern.

7. The antenna array layout structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Including the first row of array elements, the second row of array elements, the third row of array elements, and the fourth row of array elements, wherein: The first row of array elements includes at least one first array element, the position of which along the first direction is determined based on a reference point and a proportional spacing; The second row of array elements includes at least one second array element, which is staggered relative to the first row of array elements; The third row of array elements includes at least one third array element, which is staggered relative to the second row of array elements. The fourth row of array elements includes at least one fourth array element, which is misaligned relative to the third row of array elements.

8. The antenna array layout structure according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The operating wavelength is the center wavelength of the wireless communication frequency band, and the array is used to form an anti-interference radiation beam with a downward tilt angle.

9. A mobile terminal device, characterized in that, Includes the antenna array layout structure as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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