Incident signal guide vector estimation method based on pure analog array
By constructing initial and backup beam weight vector sets and performing Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization, the problem of limited beamforming capability of analog phased arrays is solved, and efficient and accurate incident signal steering vector estimation is achieved in low-cost equipment.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511357241.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-22
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-12
AI Technical Summary
Analog phased arrays have limited beamforming capabilities in signal parameter estimation and cannot adjust the amplitude of the received signal by the array elements, resulting in long search times and low orientation accuracy, making them difficult to apply in low-cost IoT devices.
By constructing initial and backup beam weight vector sets, beamforming reception is performed. Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization and normalization are used to obtain the linear transformation relationship of the orthogonal weight vector set, and the incident signal steering vector is calculated.
It achieves efficient estimation of the incident signal steering vector on an analog phased array with a single combined output channel, reducing computational complexity and computational requirements, and improving estimation speed and accuracy.
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Figure CN121124883A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of array signal processing, in particular to a method for estimating a direction vector of an incident signal based on a pure analog array. BACKGROUND
[0002] An array antenna can estimate the direction of an incident signal by using the phase difference of the wave front of the incident signal arriving at different array elements, and is widely used in the fields of communication, radar, navigation and positioning. Accurate estimation of the direction vector of the input signal can enhance the gain of the receiving antenna in a specific direction, weaken the interference in a specific direction, or locate the transmitter of the signal.
[0003] A digital-analog hybrid array divides the array into sub-arrays, and the sub-arrays use analog beamforming. The data received by the sub-arrays is input to the digital end for processing, which not only retains the multi-stream receiving and processing capability of a digital array, but also reduces the number of analog channels. However, the cost of multiple digital channel transceivers and signal processing chips (components) is still high, making it difficult to apply to Internet of Things devices that are more sensitive to cost.
[0004] An analog phased array only needs a phase shifter and an analog-to-digital signal conversion channel, and has lower requirements for digital signal processing capabilities. It can reduce the demand for receiving amplifiers and analog-to-digital converters, reduce the size of communication devices, and reduce system power consumption. Therefore, it is still widely used in low-cost Internet of Things wireless transceiver scenarios. In particular, with the popularization of satellite communication, it is of great significance to improve the efficiency of network access, improve the accuracy of satellite signal direction of arrival estimation, and improve the quality of satellite communication signal transmission by using limited hardware receiving capability to estimate the direction vector of the incident signal.
[0005] Although the analog phased array is low in cost and widely used, it can only phase shift the signals received by different array elements and cannot adjust the amplitudes of the signals received by different array elements, resulting in limited beamforming capability of the analog phased array. Moreover, the analog phased array only has one output signal for analog-to-digital conversion, and the degree of freedom for analyzing the spatial characteristics of the signal using digital signal processing technology is also limited. Currently, the analog phased array mainly performs beamforming in different directions continuously to search for target signals and estimate parameters, which is time-consuming and has low directional accuracy. SUMMARY
[0006] To solve the problems in the prior art, the present application provides a method for estimating a direction vector of an incident signal based on a pure analog array.
[0007] The technical solution of the present application is as follows: On the one hand, the present application provides a method for estimating a direction vector of an incident signal based on a pure analog array, which includes the following specific steps: A plurality of beam weight vectors are selected within the phase-adjustable range of the system to construct an initial receiving weight vector group, and a backup beam weight vector is selected for each vector in the initial receiving weight vector group; The initial receiving weight vector group is used to perform beamforming reception on the analog array, and the amplitude and phase coefficients of the incident signal under different receiving beams are output to construct an initial signal group; When the signal strength corresponding to the receiving weight is less than half of the maximum receiving signal strength, the backup weight vector corresponding to the weight is used to perform beamforming reception, and if the signal strength received by the backup weight vector is greater than the signal strength received by the initial weight vector, the backup weight vector is used to replace the corresponding initial receiving weight vector to form a modified receiving weight vector group and a modified signal group; The modified receiving weight vector group is subjected to Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization and normalization to obtain an orthogonal weight vector group equivalent to the modified receiving weight vector group, and then a linear transformation relationship between the modified receiving weight vector group and the orthogonal weight vector group is obtained; Based on the linear transformation relationship, the mapping result of the incident signal steering vector under the orthogonal weight vector group is obtained, and the actual parameters of the incident signal are combined to calculate the incident signal steering vector.
[0008] As a preferred embodiment, the plurality of beam weight vectors are mutually non-orthogonal.
[0009] As a preferred embodiment, the analog array is composed of a plurality of receiving antennas, analog phase shifters and a combining unit.
[0010] As a preferred embodiment, in the step of performing beamforming reception on the analog array according to the initial receiving weight vector group, cross-correlation matching is performed between the known target signal characteristics and the received signal characteristics to improve the signal-to-noise ratio.
[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the linear transformation relationship between the modified receiving weight vector group and the orthogonal weight vector group is as follows: M=U H B In the formula, U is the orthogonal weight vector group, B is the modified receiving weight vector group, and M is the linear transformation relationship matrix of U and B.
[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the step of obtaining the mapping result of the incident signal steering vector under the orthogonal weight vector group based on the linear transformation relationship is as follows:
[0013] In the formula, is the modified signal group, and m is the mapping result under the orthogonal weight vector group.
[0014] As a preferred embodiment, the step of calculating the incident signal steering vector is specifically: â=Um In the formula, â is the incident signal steering vector.
[0015] As a preferred embodiment, the actual parameters of the incident signal include input signal amplitude and incident angle.
[0016] In another aspect, the present application provides an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the method for estimating the incident signal steering vector of a pure analog array according to any one of the embodiments of the present application when executing the program.
[0017] In another aspect, the present application provides a computer readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, wherein the program is executable on a processor to implement the method for estimating the incident signal steering vector of a pure analog array according to any one of the embodiments of the present application.
[0018] The present application has the following advantages: 1. The present application does not require that different receive beam weights in multiple receptions are orthogonal to each other, and the required receive beam for the method can be realized only by analog phase shifting the signals received by different antennas without adjusting the amplitude attenuation, which makes the method applicable to analog phased arrays with only a single combined output channel.
[0019] 2. The present application constructs an initial receive weight vector group and a backup receive weight vector group, first uses the initial receive weight vector group for beamforming reception, and then uses a backup receive weight with low similarity to the original beam for beamforming reception to replace the reception result of the original beam, so that the received signal strength under the beam used for incident steering vector estimation in step five is large enough, which ensures coverage range and estimation accuracy, reduces unnecessary reception time, and reduces the complexity of calculation.
[0020] 3. The present application does not depend on specific element arrangement and reception frequency band, nor does it limit the implementation of the phase shifter, and does not need an adjustable attenuator to further reduce the size of the radio frequency link. It only needs to be involved according to the specific situation of the array to facilitate application in different scenarios.
[0021] 4. In the case where the element arrangement and the reception signal frequency band are determined, the receive beam weight vector group, the corresponding orthogonal weight vector group, the transformation relationship between the former two, and the inverse matrix of the conjugate transpose matrix can all be calculated in advance and pre-stored in the memory of the receiving array for direct use during parameter estimation, so that the incident steering vector estimation only needs to do elementary linear transformation, further reducing the calculation requirement and improving the estimation speed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0022] Figure 1 Principle diagram for feature estimation by multiple directional beam reception; Figure 2 System structure diagram for analog array; Figure 3 Gain diagram of each beam in coverage range under the condition of four omnidirectional array elements and half-wavelength uniform linear array; Figure 4 Similarity diagram of feature vector estimation result and actual incident beam in the range of ±30° incident angle; Figure 5 4×4 omnidirectional array element, half-wavelength interval uniform planar array and incident signal diagram; Figure 6 Similarity diagram of feature vector estimation result and actual incident beam in the range of ±30° incident angle; θ = 0~30°, φ = 0 ~ 360°. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.
[0024] It should be understood that the step numbers used herein are only for the convenience of description, and are not limited to the execution sequence of the steps.
[0025] It should be understood that the terms used in the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present application. As used in the present application specification and the appended claims, unless otherwise clear from the context, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms.
[0026] The terms "comprise" and "include" indicate the presence of the described features, whole, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, whole, steps, operations, elements, components and / or sets thereof.
[0027] The term "and / or" refers to any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes these combinations.
[0028] Embodiment one: A pure analog array incident signal steering vector estimation method, the specific steps include: In the system adjustable phase range, a plurality of beam weight vectors are selected to construct an initial receiving weight vector group, and a backup beam weight vector is selected for each vector in the initial receiving weight vector group; In this embodiment, in the system adjustable phase range, n beam weight vectors are selected to form an initial receiving weight vector group, and a backup beam weight vector is selected for each vector in the initial receiving weight vector group; The initial receiving weight vector group is used for beamforming reception on the analog array, and the amplitude and phase coefficients corresponding to the incident signal under different receiving beams are output to construct an initial signal group; In this embodiment, the initial receiving weight vector group is used for beamforming reception on the analog array, as shown in Figure 1 The amplitude and phase coefficients corresponding to the incident signal (whose steering vector is a) under different receiving beams are output, called the initial signal group y, by correlating matching with known signal characteristics (such as pilot or reference sequence) to improve the signal-to-noise ratio; When the signal strength corresponding to the receiving weight value is less than half of the maximum receiving signal strength, the backup weight vector corresponding to the weight value is used for beamforming reception, and if the backup weight vector receives a signal strength greater than the signal strength received by the initial weight vector, the backup weight vector is used to replace the corresponding initial receiving weight vector to form a modified receiving weight vector group and a modified signal group; In this embodiment, if the signal strength corresponding to one or more receiving weight values is less than half of the maximum receiving signal strength, the backup weight vector corresponding to the weight value is used for beamforming reception, and if the backup weight vector receives a signal strength greater than the signal strength received by the initial weight vector, the backup weight vector is used to replace the corresponding initial receiving weight vector to form a modified receiving weight vector group B, and the signal amplitude and phase received by the backup weight value are replaced with the signal amplitude and phase under the initial weight value, called the modified signal group ; The modified receiving weight vector group is subjected to Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization and normalization to obtain an orthogonal weight vector group equivalent to the modified receiving weight vector group, and a linear transformation relationship between the modified receiving weight vector group and the orthogonal weight vector group is obtained; In this embodiment, the modified receiving weight vector group formed in the previous step is subjected to Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization and normalization to obtain an orthogonal weight vector group U equivalent to the modified receiving weight vector group B, and a linear transformation relationship matrix M = U H B between B and U; The mapping result of the incident signal steering vector under the orthogonal weight vector group is obtained based on the linear transformation relationship, and the incident signal steering vector is calculated in combination with the actual parameters of the incident signal.
[0029] In the embodiment, the estimated mapping result m of the incident signal steering vector a under the orthogonal basis U is obtained through the linear transformation relationship between B and U, and the calculation method is:
[0030] The m is taken as the weighted vector of the orthogonal weight, and the estimation â of the incident signal steering vector is obtained, which contains the information of the input signal amplitude, incident angle and the like, and these parameters can be estimated by other classical methods.
[0031] As a preferred embodiment of the embodiment, the plurality of beam weight vectors are mutually non-orthogonal.
[0032] As a preferred embodiment of the embodiment, the analog array is composed of a plurality of receiving antennas, analog phase shifters and combining units.
[0033] In the embodiment, the system structure schematic diagram of the analog array is as shown in Figure 2 .
[0034] As a preferred embodiment of the embodiment, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved by cross-correlation matching between the known target signal characteristics and the received signal characteristics in the step of beamforming reception according to the initial receiving weight vector group on the analog array.
[0035] As a preferred embodiment of the embodiment, the linear transformation relationship between the modified receiving weight vector group and the orthogonal weight vector group is specifically: M=U H B In the formula, U is the orthogonal weight vector group, B is the modified receiving weight vector group, and M is the linear transformation relationship matrix of U and B.
[0036] As a preferred embodiment of the embodiment, the step of obtaining the mapping result of the incident signal steering vector under the orthogonal weight vector group based on the linear transformation relationship is specifically:
[0037] In the formula, is the modified signal group, and m is the mapping result under the orthogonal weight vector group.
[0038] As a preferred embodiment of the embodiment, the step of calculating the incident signal steering vector is specifically: â=Um In the formula, â is the incident signal steering vector.
[0039] As a preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, the actual parameters of the incident signal include input signal amplitude and incident angle.
[0040] Embodiment two: Based on the above-mentioned one kind of pure analog array incident signal steering vector estimation method, in order to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the method provided by the present embodiment, a specific experimental case is provided as follows: The simulation phased array of the present case is a four-element uniform linear array, each element is an omnidirectional antenna, the element spacing is half wavelength, and each phase shifter can realize several preset phase shift values. It is planned to estimate the steering vector of the far-field single-path signal within the range of ±30° from the normal direction of the array. Now taking the half-wavelength interval array far-field signal incident eigenvector estimation with incident angle θ=10° as an example, the specific estimation process of the present invention is described.
[0041] Step one: first, design three initial receiving weight vectors, through the classical Bartlett beamforming method, respectively to 0°, -30°, 30° three directions beamforming, the corresponding normalized beam weight is: ; ; ; Again for b 2,0 and b 3,0 Each design a backup weight vector b 2,1 and b 3,1 , also through the Bartlett beamforming method respectively to 15° and -15°, the corresponding normalized beam weight is: ; ; From Figure 3 , it can be seen that the five beams ensure that the incident angle from -30° to +30°, there are more than 5dB gain beam coverage. Assuming that the eigenvector of the incident signal is unchanged during the estimation process.
[0042] Step two: taking element 1 as the reference, the signals incident to each element of the array can be written in vector form: x( θ , t ) =a( θ ) s ( t ) +w( t ); Where the steering vector a( θ ) is: ; Pilot (reference signal) s( in the incident signal) t Given that w( t The signal x is noise. Analog arrays cannot directly obtain the incident signal x. θ , t Therefore, beamforming reception is first performed using three initial weights and the signal is converted into a digital signal. Then, by performing cross-correlation matching with the known pilot signals, the amplitude and phase estimates under the corresponding initial weights are obtained. ; in T This is the cross-correlation time of the pilot signals. Normalizing the pilot amplitude, assuming a sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio for the incident signal, yields the amplitude and phase estimate as follows: ; at the angle of incidence θ Under the condition of 10°, the amplitude and phase estimates under the three initial receiving weights are as follows: ỹ 1,0 = 1.1253 + 1.2019 i , ỹ 2,0 = 0.5087 + 0.0167 i , ỹ 3,0 = 0.0297 - 0.9039 i ; Step 3: In the amplitude and phase estimation of the three initial weight beams above, ỹ 2,0 The modulus of 0.5090 is less than the largest amplitude. ỹ 3,0 Half of the modulus 1.6465, therefore the spare beam b will be used again. 2,1 The received signal is processed using the same calculation method as before to obtain the corresponding amplitude and phase estimates. ỹ 2,1 = 1.7597 - 0.7468 i .
[0043] Therefore, the corrected receiving weight vector set is: B = [b1, b2, b3] = [b 1,0 ,b 2,1 ,b 3,0 The corrected signal group is: ỹ = [ ỹ 1,0 , ỹ 2,1 , ỹ 3,0 ] T .
[0044] Step four: Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization and normalization are performed on the modified received weight vector set B to obtain an orthogonal weight vector set U and the transformation relationship M between B and U. In this example, the three vectors of U are: u1= [0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5] T ; u2= [0.5047 - 0.3821 i , 0.3031 + 0.0862 i , -0.1757 + 0.2616 i , -0.6321 +0.0343 i ] T； ; u3= [0.0276 - 0.5247 i , -0.0871 + 0.4652 i , -0.4652 + 0.0871 i , 0.5247 -0.0276 i ] T ; Step five: the estimated mapping result of the incident steering vector a in the orthogonal basis U is obtained: m= (M H ) -1 ỹ= [1.1253 + 1.2019 i , 1.0353 - 0.4394 i , -0.0050 + 0.1507 i ] T ; Then the estimation of the incident signal steering vector is obtained: â=Um = [0.9962 - 0.0096 i , 0.8446 + 05416 i , 0.4849 + 0.8784 i , -0.0751 +0.9934 i ] T ; The similarity between the estimated â and the incident steering vector a is: C (â,a) for: ; It is proved that the estimation is accurate enough.
[0045] Figure 4The simulation results of the similarity between the eigenvector estimation result of the present invention and the actual incident beam within the incident angle ±30° range, and the similarity C(â, a) between the estimation result â and the actual incident beam a within the incident angle ±30° range, show that both are higher than 0.9998, proving that the estimation accuracy of the present invention is sufficiently accurate within the designed coverage area.
[0046] Example 3: Based on the above-mentioned method for estimating the steering vector of incident signals from a purely analog array, to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the method provided in this embodiment, a specific experimental case is provided below: In this case, the simulated phased array is a 4×4 sixteen-element uniform planar array, where each element is an omnidirectional antenna with an element spacing of half a wavelength. The incident signal is as follows. Figure 5 As shown (the elevation angle of the incident signal is...), θ azimuth angle is φ The plan is to perform incident steering vector estimation on far-field incident signals with incident elevation angles (i.e., the angle between the incident signal and the normal) of θ = 0~30°. Unlike in Example 1, this example also includes an azimuth angle φ, ranging from 0 to 360°. Because two parameters are estimated simultaneously, more beams are required. The specific process of applying this invention to a two-dimensional planar array will now be illustrated using the eigenvector estimation process for a signal with an incident elevation angle of θ = 10° and an azimuth angle of φ = 70°.
[0047] In the direction of ( θ , φ When performing beamforming in the direction of ), taking the first element in the upper left corner as the reference, the complex phase shift on each element can be written as the following matrix: ; A( θ , φ Each column vector in the vector is combined to form a 16-dimensional column vector a( θ , φ ), that is, towards ( θ , φ The weight vector for beamforming.
[0048] Step 1: First, design 9 initial receiver weight vectors, and then perform beamforming using the classic Bartlett beamforming method, as shown below: b 1,0 =a(0°, 0°), b 2,0 =a(30°, 0°), b 3,0 =a(15°, 45°), b 4,0 =a(30°, 90°), b 5,0 =a(15°, 135°), b 6,0= a(30°, 180°), b 7,0 = a(15°, 225°), b 8,0 = a(30°, 270°), b 9,0 = a(15°, 315°) nine directions beamforming, respectively, b 2,0 ~b 9,0 Each design a backup weight vector b 2,1 ~b 9,1 , also by Bartlett beamforming method, respectively, b 2,1 = a(15°, 180°), b 3,1 = a(30°, 225°), b 4,1 = a(15°, 270°), b 5,1 = a(30°, 315°), b 6,1 = a(15°, 0°), b 7,1 = a(30°, 45°), b 8,1 = a(15°, 90°), b 9,1 = a(30°, 135°).
[0049] Step two: for the incident direction is a( θ , φ ) signal, the results received on the array can be listed in a similar vector form as the example: x( θ , φ , t ) = a( θ , φ ) s ( t ) + w( t ); Similar to the process in example one, under different initial receiving beams, the input signal known pilot correlation operation matching is obtained, the amplitude and phase estimation under the corresponding initial weight are respectively: ỹ 1,0 = 0.4112 - 0.7149 i , ỹ 2,0 = 0.0313 + 0.1162 i , ỹ 3,0 = 0.7067 + 0.5668 i , ỹ 4,0 = 0.1079 + 0.4000 i , ỹ 5,0= 0.3342 - 0.5811 i , ỹ 6,0 = 0.0964 - 0.0260 i , ỹ 7,0 = -0.2493 -0.0961 i , ỹ 8,0 =0.2339 - 0.0631 i , ỹ 9,0 = 0.1800 - 0.3130 i The one with the largest modulus is | ỹ 3,0 =0.9059.
[0050] Step 3: In the amplitude and phase estimation of the above nine initial weight beams, ỹ 2,0 The modulus of 0.5090 is less than the largest amplitude. ỹ 3,0 Half of the modulus 1.6465 ỹ 2,0 , ỹ 4,0 , ỹ 6,0 , ỹ 7,0 , ỹ 8,0 , ỹ 9,0 The modulus value is less than half of the maximum modulus value. Then, using the corresponding backup beam for re-reception, it is found that beams 2, 6, 7, and 8 should be replaced, and the corresponding amplitude and phase estimates are... ỹ 2,1 = -0.2569 - 0.3065 i , ỹ 6,1 = 0.6402 + 0.1104 i , ỹ 7,1 = -0.2785 + 0.3223 i , ỹ 8,1 = 0.9106 + 0.1571 i Therefore, the corrected receiving weight vector set is: B = [b 1,0 ,b 2,1 ,b 3,0 ,b 4,0 ,b 5,0 ,b 6,1 ,b 7,1 ,b8,1 ,b 9,1 The corrected signal group is: ỹ = [ ỹ 1,0 , ỹ 2,1 , ỹ 3,0 , ỹ 4,1 , ỹ 5,0 , ỹ 6,1 , ỹ 7,1 , ỹ 8,1 , ỹ 9,0 ] T .
[0051] Step 4: Perform Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization and normalization on the modified receiving weight vector set B to obtain the orthogonal weight vector set U, and the transformation relationship M between B and U. The specific vectors are omitted here.
[0052] Step 5: Obtain the incident guidance vector a( θ , φ The estimated mapping results under the orthogonal basis U are as follows: m= (M H ) -1 ỹ= [0.4112 - 0.7149 i , 0.1000 + 0.1192 i , 0.3696 + 0.2965 i 0.0442 + 0.1639 i , 0.0819 - 0.1424 i -0.0821 - 0.0142 i , 0.0495 - 0.0573 i 0.0472 + 0.0081 i ,-0.0036 + 0.0063i] T ; Then, an estimate of the incident signal steering vector is obtained: â=Um= [0.2494 + 0.0025 i , 0.2484 - 0.0419 i , 0.2317 - 0.0926 i , 0.2099 -0.1320 i , 0.2127 - 0.1276 i, 0.1902 - 0.1619 i , 0.1543 - 0.1976 i , 0.1201 -0.2219 i , 0.1315 - 0.2154 i , 0.0932 - 0.2327 i , 0.0443 - 0.2459 i , 0.0034 -0.2480 i , 0.0085 - 0.2478 i -0.0365 - 0.2468 i -0.0887 - 0.2358 i -0.1276 -0.2143 i ] T ; The estimated similarity between â and the incident guidance vector a(10°, 70°) C (â,a) is: ; The estimate has been proven to be sufficiently accurate.
[0053] At pitch angle Figure 6 = 0~30°, azimuth angle θ = Searching between 0 and 360°, the similarity simulation heatmap of each point is as follows φ As shown, the minimum similarity within this range is 0.9729 ( = 30°, = 21.1°), indicating that the present invention also has good accuracy in two-dimensional feature estimation.
[0054] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for estimating the steering vector of an incident signal based on a purely analog array, characterized in that, The specific steps include: Within the adjustable phase range of the system, multiple beam weight vectors are selected to construct an initial receiving weight vector group, and backup beam weight vectors are selected one by one for each vector in the initial receiving weight vector group. Beamforming reception is performed on the analog array according to the initial receiving weight vector set, and the amplitude and phase coefficients of the incident signal under different receiving beams are output to construct the initial signal set. When the signal strength corresponding to the received weight is less than half of the maximum received signal strength, beamforming reception is performed using the backup weight vector corresponding to that weight. If the signal strength received by the backup weight vector is greater than the signal strength received by the initial weight vector, the backup weight vector replaces its corresponding initial received weight vector to form a corrected received weight vector group and a corrected signal group. Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization and normalization are performed on the modified receiving weight vector set to obtain an orthogonal weight vector set equivalent to the modified receiving weight vector set, and then the linear transformation relationship between the modified receiving weight vector set and the orthogonal weight vector set is obtained. The mapping result of the incident signal steering vector under the orthogonal weight vector group is obtained based on the linear transformation relationship. Then, the incident signal steering vector is calculated by combining the actual parameters of the incident signal.
2. The method for estimating the steering vector of an incident signal based on a pure analog array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple beam weight vectors are all non-orthogonal to each other.
3. The method for estimating the steering vector of an incident signal based on a pure analog array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The analog array consists of several receiving antennas, analog phase shifters, and merging units.
4. The method for estimating the steering vector of an incident signal based on a pure analog array according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the beamforming reception step on the analog array according to the initial receiving weight vector group, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved by cross-correlation matching between the known target signal features and the received signal features.
5. The method for estimating the steering vector of an incident signal based on a pure analog array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The linear transformation relationship between the modified receiving weight vector set and the orthogonal weight vector set is specifically as follows: M=U H B In the formula, U is the orthogonal weight vector set, B is the modified receiving weight vector set, and M is the linear transformation relationship matrix of U and B.
6. The method for estimating the steering vector of an incident signal based on a pure analog array according to claim 5, characterized in that, The specific steps for obtaining the mapping result of the incident signal steering vector under the orthogonal weight vector set based on the linear transformation relationship are as follows: In the formula, For the corrected signal set, m is the mapping result under the orthogonal weight vector set.
7. The method for estimating the steering vector of an incident signal based on a pure analog array according to claim 6, characterized in that, The specific steps for calculating the incident signal steering vector are as follows: â=Um In the formula, â is the incident signal steering vector.
8. The method for estimating the steering vector of an incident signal based on a pure analog array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The actual parameters of the incident signal include the input signal amplitude and the incident angle.
9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements a method for estimating the steering vector of an incident signal based on a pure analog array as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When executed by a processor, the program implements a method for estimating the steering vector of an incident signal based on a pure analog array as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.