Cultivation method capable of efficiently utilizing nitrogen during multiple cropping of oats and vicia villosa

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation, and discloses an oat-vicia villosa multiple cropping nitrogen efficient utilization cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: firstly, laying an underground drip irrigation system after land preparation, and sowing a first season crop oat; afterwards, in the growth period of the oats, nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer are topdressed to the oats by stages through the underground drip irrigation system; finally, after the oats are harvested, the second-season crop vicia villosa is sown in a no-tillage mode, no nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the whole growth period, and therefore the whole multiple cropping process is completed. The nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency is improved by precisely fertilizing the first-season oats, the soil fertility is improved by utilizing the biological nitrogen fixation effect of the second-season vicia villosa, cooperative and efficient utilization of resources such as water, fertilizer, light and heat is achieved, finally, the investment of production means such as chemical fertilizer is greatly reduced, the production cost is reduced, meanwhile, the pasture yield is effectively increased, and the economic benefit is increased. And the comprehensive productivity and economic return of the land are obviously improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cultivation technology, specifically to a cultivation method for efficient nitrogen utilization in oat-vetch intercropping. Background Technology

[0002] With socio-economic development and changes in residents' dietary structure, the consumption of animal-based foods has continued to grow, directly driving up the demand for feed grains and placing higher demands on the production of high-quality forage. Oats, as an important gramineous forage crop in Northwest and North my country, are widely cultivated due to their strong adaptability and high yield. In the pursuit of high yields, developing sustainable and efficient cultivation models has become a key focus in the current agricultural sector. Among these efforts, intercropping vetch (a legume forage crop) during the agricultural downtime after oat harvest to construct a "grain-legume" intercropping system is an effective way to improve the efficiency of land, light, and heat resource utilization and achieve integrated use and conservation, which is of great significance for ensuring forage supply and promoting livestock development.

[0003] However, existing technologies still have significant shortcomings and deficiencies in the practice of oat-vetch intercropping. Traditional oat cultivation methods generally rely on the application of large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer to pursue high yields, but extensive ground application and unreasonable irrigation methods lead to low nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency. A considerable portion of nitrogen is lost to the environment without being absorbed by the crop, which not only increases production costs but also causes serious pollution to soil, water, and air, running counter to the goal of green and sustainable development. At the same time, oats consume a large amount of water, and in arid and semi-arid regions where water resources are already scarce, traditional irrigation methods exacerbate the contradiction of water shortage. Although the concepts of underground drip irrigation and nitrogen fixation by leguminous crops have been recognized, existing technologies often lack an optimized scheme to systematically integrate these two technologies with the intercropping model. They fail to provide a specific implementation method that takes into account the precise water and fertilizer management of oats and the synergistic effect of biological nitrogen fixation in vetch, resulting in the overall system's resource utilization efficiency and economic benefits not being fully realized. To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention proposes a cultivation method for efficient nitrogen utilization in oat-vetch intercropping. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a cultivation method for efficient nitrogen utilization in oat-vetch intercropping, solving the problems of excessive nitrogen fertilizer application, water waste, low nitrogen utilization efficiency, and high production costs in traditional cultivation by optimizing fertilization and irrigation methods under the oat-vetch intercropping model.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a cultivation method for efficient nitrogen utilization in oat-vetch intercropping, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Lay an underground drip irrigation system; Step 2: Apply 80-100 kg of phosphate fertilizer (P2O5 / hm²) as basal fertilizer. -2 After leveling the land, oats were sown as the first crop. Step 3: During the oat's growth period, nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are applied to the oats in stages through the underground drip irrigation system. The total amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied is 150-210 kgNhm. -2 The total application rate of potassium fertilizer is 80-100 kg K2 Ohm. -2 ; Step 4: After the oat harvest, no-till seed the second crop, hairy vetch, and do not apply nitrogen fertilizer throughout the entire growing season of the hairy vetch.

[0006] Preferably, in step one, the underground drip irrigation system is laid by using a special pipe-laying machine to bury the drip irrigation tape in the soil layer 20-25 cm below the surface, ensuring that the supplied water and nutrients act on the plant root zone.

[0007] Preferably, in step two, the land leveling process specifically includes the following operations: Operation 1: Applying base fertilizer: Before mechanical tillage, apply phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer to the soil at a rate of 80-100 kgP2O5 / hm². -2 ; Operation 2, Mechanical Tillage: Immediately after applying the base fertilizer, till the land to a depth of 10-15cm.

[0008] Preferably, in step two, the oats are sown in rows in mid-to-late March, with a sowing rate of 110-130 kg / hm². -2 The sowing depth is 2-4 cm, and the row spacing is 15-25 cm.

[0009] Preferably, in step three, the total amount of potassium fertilizer applied is 80-100 kg K2 Ohm. -2 Furthermore, the specific plan for applying nitrogen and potassium fertilizers in stages is as follows: During the seedling stage, apply 15-25% of the total nitrogen and 15-25% of the total potassium. During the jointing stage, apply 25-35% of the total nitrogen and 25-35% of the total potassium. During the booting stage, apply 25-35% of the total nitrogen and 25-35% of the total potassium. In the initial stage of grouting, apply 15-25% of the total nitrogen and 15-25% of the total potassium.

[0010] Preferably, in step four, the vetch seed is sown in rows using a no-till planter in early August, with a seeding rate of 60-75 kg / hm². -2The sowing depth is 2-4 cm, and the row spacing is 35-45 cm.

[0011] Preferably, in step three, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate.

[0012] Preferably, the phosphate fertilizer is triple superphosphate.

[0013] This invention provides a cultivation method for efficient nitrogen utilization in oat-vetch intercropping. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention utilizes underground drip irrigation and fertigation technology to apply fertilizer precisely in stages according to the growth needs of oats, significantly improving the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in the current season. This method effectively solves the environmental problems caused by low nitrogen utilization and excessive application under traditional fertilization methods. While greatly reducing the amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer used, it ensures the nitrogen needs of crops and achieves the goal of saving fertilizer and increasing efficiency.

[0014] 2. The oat-vetch cropping system adopted in this invention fully utilizes the biological nitrogen-fixing characteristics of the legume vetch. No nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the second season; the soil nitrogen content is supplemented and increased by the vetch's own nitrogen-fixing ability, effectively improving soil fertility and the soil microbial environment. This integrated approach enhances the stability and sustainability of the entire agricultural production system.

[0015] 3. This invention combines the water-saving and fertilizer-saving advantages of underground drip irrigation with the efficient utilization of light and heat resources in the oat-vetch intercropping model, realizing the synergistic and efficient utilization of agricultural resources such as water, fertilizer, light, and heat. By reducing the input of production materials and improving the efficiency of resource utilization, it ultimately increases the yield of forage while reducing production costs, significantly improving the comprehensive productivity and economic returns of the land. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the cultivation of oats according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the cultivation of hairy vetch according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the drip irrigation main pipeline and drip irrigation tape according to the present invention; Figure 5 This is a bar graph showing the hay yield under different fertilization scenarios according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Example 1: Please see the appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 4 This embodiment provides a cultivation method for efficient nitrogen utilization in oat-vetch intercropping in temperate continental arid climate regions with saline soil.

[0019] Step 1: Land Preparation and Base Fertilizer Application. Land preparation work is carried out in early March, before oat sowing. First, superphosphate (containing ≥46% P2O5) is applied as base fertilizer at a rate of 90 kg / hm². -2 The fertilizer should be evenly spread on the soil surface. Immediately afterwards, a medium-sized tiller should be used for mechanical tillage, with the tillage depth controlled at 10-15 cm, to ensure that the phosphate fertilizer is fully mixed with the soil and to create a loose soil environment for crop root growth.

[0020] Step Two: Laying the Underground Drip Irrigation System Immediately after land tillage, the underground drip irrigation system is laid. Using a specialized pipe-laying machine, the drip irrigation tape is precisely buried 20-25 cm below the surface of the soil, and then lightly covered with soil to secure it. This system provides the foundation for subsequent integrated water and fertilizer management and can be used continuously for both oat and vetch crops after installation.

[0021] Step 3: Sowing of the first crop (oats) should be done in mid-to-late March, after the soil temperature has stabilized. Sowing should be done using the furrow sowing method, with the seeding rate precisely controlled at 120 kg / hm². -2 The sowing depth is 2-4 cm, and the row spacing is set to 15-25 cm.

[0022] Step Four: Integrated Water and Fertilizer Management During the Oat Growth Period. The core of this example lies in the precise water and fertilizer management of the first-season oat crop, with a total nitrogen application rate of 180 kgN / hm². -2 The total potassium application rate was 90 kg K2 Ohm. -2 Nitrogen fertilizer (urea, N=46%) and potassium fertilizer (potassium sulfate, K2O=50%) were applied in four separate applications entirely through the underground drip irrigation system. Topdressing during seedling stage: Apply 20% of the total nitrogen (i.e., 36 kg Nhm). -2 ) and 20% of the total potassium (i.e., 18 kg K2 Ohm) -2 This promotes the healthy growth of seedlings.

[0023] Topdressing during the jointing stage: Apply 30% of the total nitrogen (i.e., 54 kg Nhm). -2 ) and 30% of the total potassium (i.e., 27 kg K2 Ohm) -2 This meets the needs of peak vegetative growth.

[0024] Topdressing during the booting stage: Apply 30% of the total nitrogen (i.e., 54 kg Nhm). -2 ) and 30% of the total potassium (i.e., 27 kg K2 Ohm) -2 This promotes the development of the ear.

[0025] Topdressing during the initial grouting stage: Apply 20% of the total nitrogen (i.e., 36 kg Nhm). -2 ) and 20% of the total potassium (i.e., 18 kg K2 Ohm) -2 This ensures that the grains are fully filled with syrup.

[0026] Step 5: Harvesting the first crop (oats) When the oats reach the waxy maturity stage, harvest the hay. Leave a uniform stubble height of 5-6 cm during harvesting to facilitate no-till sowing of the second crop.

[0027] Step Six: No-till sowing of the second crop (sweet vetch) After the oat harvest, in early August, taking advantage of the valuable agricultural time gap, immediately use a no-till planter to sow the sweet vetch on the previous oat field. The sowing method is row sowing, with a seeding rate of 68 kg / hm². -2 The sowing depth is 2-4 cm and the row spacing is 40 cm.

[0028] Step Seven: Management of the Second Season Crop (Hairy Vetch) To fully utilize the biological nitrogen fixation function of leguminous crops and improve soil fertility, no nitrogen fertilizer will be applied throughout the entire growth and development period of the hairy vetch. Only moderate irrigation will be provided through an underground drip irrigation system, based on soil moisture and weather conditions, to meet its basic water requirements.

[0029] Step 8: The second crop (hairy vetch) is harvested in mid-October. The harvesting method is the same as for oats, and the stubble height is also 5-6 cm. At this point, a complete oat-hairy vetch replanting cycle is completed.

[0030] Example 2: This embodiment provides a cultivation method for efficient nitrogen utilization in oat-vetch intercropping in a temperate continental arid climate with saline soil, aiming to illustrate the technical effects of the present invention under lower parameter settings.

[0031] Step 1: Land Preparation and Base Fertilizer Application. Land preparation work is carried out in early March, before oat sowing. First, superphosphate, used as base fertilizer, is applied at a rate of 90 kg P2O5 / hm².-2 The fertilizer was evenly spread on the surface. Then, a medium-sized tiller was immediately used for mechanical tillage, with the tillage depth controlled at 10 cm.

[0032] Step Two: Laying the Underground Drip Irrigation System Following land tillage, the underground drip irrigation system is laid. Using a specialized pipe-laying machine, the drip irrigation tape is buried in the soil layer 25 cm below the surface and then secured with a shallow layer of soil.

[0033] Step 3: Sowing of the first crop (oats) Oats should be carried out in mid-to-late March. Sowing should be done using the furrow sowing method, with a seeding rate controlled at 110 kg / hm². -2 The sowing depth is 2-4 cm and the row spacing is 15 cm.

[0034] Step 4: Integrated Water and Fertilizer Management During the Oat Growth Period. Water and fertilizer management is implemented for the first crop, oats, with a total nitrogen application rate of 180 kg Nhm². -2 The total potassium application rate was 90 kg K2 Ohm. -2 Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were applied in four applications entirely through the underground drip irrigation system. Topdressing during seedling stage: Apply 20% of the total nitrogen (i.e., 36 kg Nhm). -2 ) and 20% of the total potassium (i.e., 18 kg K2 Ohm) -2 ).

[0035] Topdressing during the jointing stage: Apply 30% of the total nitrogen (i.e., 54 kg Nhm). -2 ) and 30% of the total potassium (i.e., 27 kg K2 Ohm) -2 ).

[0036] Topdressing during the booting stage: Apply 30% of the total nitrogen (i.e., 54 kg Nhm). -2 ) and 30% of the total potassium (i.e., 27 kg K2 Ohm) -2 ).

[0037] Topdressing during the initial grouting stage: Apply 20% of the total nitrogen (i.e., 36 kg Nhm). -2 ) and 20% of the total potassium (i.e., 18 kg K2 Ohm) -2 ).

[0038] Step 5: Harvesting the first crop (oats) When the oats reach the waxy maturity stage, harvest the hay, leaving a uniform stubble height of 5-6 cm.

[0039] Step Six: No-till sowing of the second crop (hairy vetch) After the oat harvest, in early August, no-till seeders are used to sow the hairy vetch. The sowing method is row sowing, with a seeding rate of 68 kg / hm². -2 The sowing depth is 2-4 cm, and the row spacing is set to 40 cm.

[0040] Step Seven: Management of the Second Season Crop (Hairy Vetch) No nitrogen fertilizer is applied throughout the entire growth and development period of the hairy vetch. Irrigation is only provided as needed based on soil moisture.

[0041] Step 8: The second crop (hairy vetch) is harvested in mid-October. The harvesting method is the same as for oats.

[0042] Example 3: This embodiment provides a cultivation method for efficient nitrogen utilization in oat-vetch intercropping in a temperate continental arid climate with saline soil, aiming to illustrate the technical effects of the present invention under higher parameter settings.

[0043] Step 1: Land Preparation and Base Fertilizer Application. Land preparation work is carried out in early March, before oat sowing. First, superphosphate, used as base fertilizer, is applied at a rate of 90 kg P2O5 / hm². -2 The fertilizer was evenly spread on the surface. Then, a medium-sized tiller was immediately used for mechanical tillage, with the tillage depth controlled at 15 cm.

[0044] Step Two: Laying the Underground Drip Irrigation System Following land tillage, the underground drip irrigation system is laid. Using a specialized pipe-laying machine, the drip irrigation tape is buried in the soil layer 25 cm below the surface and then secured with a shallow layer of soil.

[0045] Step 3: Sowing of the first crop (oats) Oats should be carried out in mid-to-late March. Sowing should be done using the furrow sowing method, with a seeding rate controlled at 130 kg / hm². -2 The sowing depth is 2-4 cm, and the row spacing is set to 20 cm.

[0046] Step 4: Integrated Water and Fertilizer Management During the Oat Growth Period. Water and fertilizer management is implemented for the first crop, oats, with a total nitrogen application rate of 180 kg Nhm². -2 The total potassium application rate was 90 kg K2 Ohm. -2 Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were applied in four applications entirely through the underground drip irrigation system. Topdressing during seedling stage: Apply 20% of the total nitrogen (i.e., 36 kg Nhm). -2 ) and 20% of the total potassium (i.e., 18 kg K2 Ohm) -2 ).

[0047] Topdressing during the jointing stage: Apply 30% of the total nitrogen (i.e., 54 kg Nhm). -2 ) and 30% of the total potassium (i.e., 27 kg K2 Ohm) -2 ).

[0048] Topdressing during the booting stage: Apply 30% of the total nitrogen (i.e., 54 kg Nhm).-2 ) and 30% of the total potassium (i.e., 27 kg K2 Ohm) -2 ).

[0049] Topdressing during the initial grouting stage: Apply 20% of the total nitrogen (i.e., 36 kg Nhm). -2 ) and 20% of the total potassium (i.e., 18 kg K2 Ohm) -2 ).

[0050] Step 5: Harvesting the first crop (oats) When the oats reach the waxy maturity stage, harvest the hay, leaving a uniform stubble height of 5-6 cm.

[0051] Step Six: No-till sowing of the second crop (hairy vetch) After the oat harvest, in early August, no-till seeders are used to sow the hairy vetch. The sowing method is row sowing, with a seeding rate of 68 kg / hm². -2 The sowing depth is 2-4 cm, and the row spacing is set to 40 cm.

[0052] Step Seven: Management of the Second Season Crop (Hairy Vetch) No nitrogen fertilizer is applied throughout the entire growth and development period of the hairy vetch. Irrigation is only provided as needed based on soil moisture.

[0053] Step 8: The second crop (hairy vetch) is harvested in mid-October. The harvesting method is the same as for oats.

[0054] Test Example: Verification Experiment of Nitrogen-Efficient Utilization Cultivation Method of Oat-Vetchbear Intercropping Experimental objective: This experiment aims to verify the practical application effect of the "oat-vetch double cropping nitrogen-efficient utilization cultivation method". By comparing different nitrogen application levels and fertilization methods, the comprehensive performance of the method of this invention in saving nitrogen fertilizer, improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency, increasing forage yield and improving economic benefits is evaluated.

[0055] Experimental Design and Processing: This experiment consisted of four treatment groups, arranged in a randomized block within the same experimental field, with each treatment replicated three times.

[0056] Conventional control group (local conventional cases): simulated local conventional cultivation methods; Fertilizer application method: spreading on the ground; Nitrogen application rate for oat season: 375 kgNhm -2 .

[0057] Comparative Example 1: High-nitrogen treatment for underground drip irrigation; Fertilization method: Subsurface drip irrigation with integrated water and fertilizer application; Nitrogen application rate for oat season: 270 kgNhm -2 .

[0058] Comparative Example 2: Nitrogen-free treatment of underground drip irrigation; Fertilization method: Subsurface drip irrigation with integrated water and fertilizer application; Oat season nitrogen application rate: 0 kgNhm -2 .

[0059] Embodiment Group of the Invention (Embodiment 1): that is, the technical solution adopted in the present invention; Fertilization method: Subsurface drip irrigation with integrated water and fertilizer application; Oat season nitrogen application rate: 180 kgNhm -2 .

[0060] Note: The total application rates of phosphate (P2O5) and potassium (K2O) fertilizers remained consistent across all treatment groups, at 90 kg / hm². -2 .

[0061] All fertilizers were applied only to the first-season oat crop; no fertilizers were applied to the second-season vetch crop.

[0062] Experimental steps: Experimental preparation (before sowing the first crop): Base fertilizer application: In early March, apply superphosphate (P2O5 content ≥46%) evenly to the surface of all experimental plots as base fertilizer, at a uniform application rate of 90 kgP2O5 / hm². -2 .

[0063] Land tillage: After applying base fertilizer, immediately use a rotary tiller to till all plots, with the tillage depth controlled at 10-15 cm.

[0064] Drip irrigation system installation: In the test plots of the three treatment groups (Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Example 1), drip irrigation tape was buried in the soil layer 20-25 cm below the surface using a dedicated pipe-laying machine. No drip irrigation tape was installed in the conventional control group.

[0065] Cultivation and management of the first crop (oats): Sowing: In mid-to-late March, oats (Avenasativa) were sown in all experimental plots using the furrow sowing method. L The seeding rate is 120 kg / hm². -2 Sow at a depth of 2-4 cm and a row spacing of 20 cm.

[0066] Topdressing management: Standard control group: a total of 375 kg Nhm -2 Urea and 90 kg K2 Ohm -2 Potassium sulfate was applied to the ground in several applications according to local standard practices.

[0067] Drip irrigation treatment groups (Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, Example 1): The corresponding nitrogen fertilizer (urea) for each group and a total of 90 kg K2 Ohm were added. -2 Potassium sulfate fertilizer was applied in four applications via a subsurface drip irrigation system. The timing and proportion of fertilization were standardized as follows: Seedling stage: Apply 20% of the total nitrogen and potassium in this group.

[0068] During the jointing stage: apply 30% of the total nitrogen and potassium for this group.

[0069] During the booting stage: Apply 30% of the total nitrogen and potassium amount of this group.

[0070] Initial stage of grouting: Apply 20% of the total nitrogen and potassium content of this group.

[0071] First season crop harvest: Harvesting time: When the oats have reached the waxy maturity stage.

[0072] Sampling method: Randomly select 1m×1m quadrats in each experimental plot, harvest manually, and leave a uniform stubble height of 5-6 cm.

[0073] Second-season crop (hairy vetch) cultivation and management: Sowing: In early August, in all experimental plots after oat harvest, vetch seeding was carried out directly using a no-till planter. Vicia villosa Row seeding was performed in Roth. The seeding rate was 68 kg / hm². -2 Sow at a depth of 2-4 cm and a row spacing of 40 cm.

[0074] Growing season management: Throughout the entire growth period of hairy vetch, no nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium fertilizers were applied to any treatment group. Irrigation management was carried out uniformly only based on soil moisture conditions.

[0075] Second season crop harvest: Harvesting time: Mid-October.

[0076] Sampling method: Vetch was sampled using the same method as oat harvesting (1m×1m quadrature, 5-6 cm stubble).

[0077] Data collection and analysis methods: Hay yield determination: The harvested oat and vetch samples were bagged and labeled separately.

[0078] The samples were brought back to the laboratory and placed in an oven at 105°C for 1 hour to kill the fumes.

[0079] It is then transferred to an oven at 65°C and dried for more than 48 hours until it reaches constant weight.

[0080] Weigh and record the dry weight of the forage in each sample plot, and convert it to yield per hectare (kghm). -2 ).

[0081] The total annual yield is obtained by adding the oat hay yield and vetch hay yield of each treatment.

[0082] Nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity (PFPN) calculation: Calculations were performed only for the nitrogen-applied treatment group (local conventional example, Comparative Example 1, Example 1).

[0083] Calculation formula: Nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity (kg / kg) -1 = Total annual hay production (kg / hm) -2 Oat season nitrogen application rate (kg / hm) -2 Nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity (kg / kg) -1 =Oat season nitrogen application rate (kg / hm) -2 Total annual hay production (kg / hm) -2 ) Net Profit Analysis: The total material costs (seeds, fertilizers, etc.) and labor and machinery costs for each treatment group were calculated.

[0084] Total revenue is calculated based on the market price of forage.

[0085] Calculate net profit (CNYhm) -2 = Total Revenue - Total Costs

[0086] Experimental Results and Analysis: Table 1 shows the comparison data between the local conventional cultivation comparison and Example 1 of the present invention.

[0087] Table 1: Comparison of the effects of different treatments Depend on Figure 5 It can be seen that, compared with the local conventional cultivation method (local conventional example), the total hay yield of the example was not significantly different, but increased by 10.1%.

[0088] Figure 5 CK represents the local conventional cultivation method, and N0 represents a nitrogen application rate of 0 kg / hm. -2 The treatment group (Comparative Example 2), N180 represents a nitrogen application rate of 180 kg / hm. -2 The treatment group (Example 1), N270 represents a nitrogen application rate of 270 kg / hm. -2 The treatment group (Comparative Example 1).

[0089] As shown in Table 1: (1) Compared with the local conventional cultivation method, the method of the present invention saves 195 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per hectare, and the nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity is increased by 36.6% compared with the local conventional example and by 24.7% compared with Comparative Example 1.

[0090] (2) Compared with the local conventional cultivation method, the net profit per hectare of the method of the present invention increased by 32.3%, and by 15.1% and 84.7% respectively compared with Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2.

[0091] It is evident that, compared to local fertilization practices, the rational oat-vetch intercropping increased nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity, reduced fertilizer use, and improved the net profit of local agricultural planting. The nitrogen fixation through the symbiotic relationship between leguminous forage and rhizobia reduced nitrogen fertilizer application.

[0092] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for efficient nitrogen utilization in oat-vetch intercropping, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Lay the underground drip irrigation system. The underground drip irrigation system is laid by using a special pipe laying machine to bury the drip irrigation tape in the soil layer 20-25 cm below the surface, so as to ensure that the supplied water and nutrients act on the root zone of the plants. Step 2: Apply 80-100 kg of phosphate fertilizer (P2O5 / hm²) as basal fertilizer. -2 After leveling the land, oats were sown as the first crop. Step 3: During the oat's growth period, nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are applied to the oats in stages through the underground drip irrigation system. The total amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied is 150-210 kgNhm. -2 The total application rate of potassium fertilizer is 80-100 kg K2 Ohm. -2 The specific plan for applying nitrogen and potassium fertilizers in stages is as follows: During the seedling stage, apply 15-25% of the total nitrogen and 15-25% of the total potassium. During the jointing stage, apply 25-35% of the total nitrogen and 25-35% of the total potassium. During the booting stage, apply 25-35% of the total nitrogen and 25-35% of the total potassium. In the initial stage of grouting, apply 15-25% of the total nitrogen and 15-25% of the total potassium. Step 4: After the oat harvest, no-till seed the second crop, hairy vetch, and do not apply nitrogen fertilizer throughout the entire growing season of the hairy vetch.

2. The cultivation method for efficient nitrogen utilization in oat-vetch intercropping according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the land leveling and preparation specifically includes the following operations: Operation 1: Applying base fertilizer: Before mechanical tillage, apply phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer to the soil at a rate of 80-100 kgP2O5 / hm². -2 ; Operation 2, Mechanical Tillage: Immediately after applying the base fertilizer, till the land to a depth of 10-15 cm.

3. The cultivation method for efficient nitrogen utilization in oat-vetch intercropping according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step two, the oats are sown in rows in mid-to-late March at a rate of 110-130 kg / hm². -2 The sowing depth is 2-4 cm, and the row spacing is 15-25 cm.

4. The cultivation method for efficient nitrogen utilization in oat-vetch intercropping according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step four, the vetch seed is sown in rows using a no-till planter in early August, with a seeding rate of 60-75 kg / hm². -2 The sowing depth is 2-4 cm, and the row spacing is 35-45 cm.

5. A cultivation method for efficient nitrogen utilization in oat-vetch intercropping according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step three, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate.

6. A cultivation method for efficient nitrogen utilization in oat-vetch intercropping according to claim 2, characterized in that, The phosphate fertilizer is triple superphosphate.

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