Planting method of organic rice

Abstract

The invention discloses a dry land planting method for organic rice, and belongs to the technical field of crop planting. According to the method, a traditional rice water planting mode is broken through, a mode of combining dry land pretreatment with specific green manure crop cultivation and fermentation is adopted, the green, environment-friendly and organic rice planting process is achieved, the produced rice meets the organic food standard, has a good conditioning effect on the spleen and the stomach of a human body after being eaten for a long time, and is free of chemical residues and environmentally friendly. Synthetic pesticides and chemical fertilizers are forbidden in the planting process, the liver and kidney substitution burden is reduced, and the chronic disease risk is reduced; mineral substances including magnesium, zinc, iron and other elements are beneficial to regulating blood pressure, preventing anemia and improving immunity as compared with common rice; vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and nicotinic acid participate in energy metabolism, maintain nervous system functions and relieve fatigue.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a planting method of organic rice. BACKGROUND

[0002] As one of the main grain crops in China, rice has been mainly planted in water for a long time, that is, rice is planted by continuously maintaining a certain water level in a paddy field. Although the traditional water planting method can meet the water demand of rice growth, it has many problems. On the one hand, long-term paddy field planting consumes a large amount of water resources, which does not meet the current development trend of water-saving agriculture. On the other hand, in order to improve yield and prevent and control pests and diseases, a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are often used in the traditional planting process, resulting in ecological problems such as soil compaction and water pollution, and also causing harmful substances to be possibly left in rice, affecting food safety and human health.

[0003] With the improvement of people's living standards and the enhancement of health consciousness, the demand for organic rice is increasing. Organic rice requires not using chemical synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, growth regulators and other substances in the planting process, and follows the natural law and ecological principle to realize the sustainable development of agricultural ecological system. However, most of the existing organic rice planting technologies are still based on the improvement of traditional water planting mode, and there are problems such as long planting cycle, difficult maintenance of soil fertility and difficult weed control, which limit the large-scale production and popularization of organic rice.

[0004] Therefore, the present application provides a planting method with less water resource consumption, high soil fertility, short planting cycle and guaranteed organic quality of rice. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art of organic rice planting, and provides a dry land planting method of organic rice. The method realizes efficient planting of organic rice through dry land planting pretreatment, specific green manure crop cultivation, natural fermentation and other processes, and has the advantages of water saving, environmental protection, organic, short cycle and the like.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A planting method of organic rice, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. First year dry land pretreatment: selecting a dry land plot with flat terrain and good drainage, planting green manure crops in the plot, the green manure crops being any one of aloe, rape and blackberry grass;

[0009] S2. Green manure crop plowing treatment: after the first year of green manure crop maturity, the land is plowed, and the green manure crop plants are buried in the soil to a depth of 25-35 cm; after plowing, the soil is oxidized by contact with air to naturally decompose weeds in the soil into auxiliary fertilizer;

[0010] S3. Water immersion fermentation: in the second year, the plowed land is watered, with the amount of water being sufficient to cover the soil surface and the buried green manure crop; after watering, the land is kept closed to exclude air and fermented for 10-15 days;

[0011] S4. Transplanting: after fermentation is complete, excess water is drained from the land to keep the soil moist, and then organic rice seedlings are transplanted;

[0012] S5. Field management and harvesting: after transplanting, the land is managed using organic planting methods, avoiding the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, and the rice is harvested when it is mature to obtain organic rice.

[0013] Further, in step S1, the green manure crop is planted in spring, with a planting density of aloe plant spacing 30-40 cm, row spacing 40-50 cm; rape plant spacing 15-20 cm, row spacing 25-30 cm; blackberry grass seeding rate 1.5-2 kg / acre.

[0014] Further, in step S2, the plowing operation is performed using a rotary cultivator, and during plowing, the green manure crop plants are completely covered with soil, and the soil particles are uniform without obvious large clumps.

[0015] Further, in step S3, the water used for watering is natural rainwater or underground water meeting the water quality standards for farmland irrigation, and the land temperature is maintained at 20-30℃ during fermentation. If the outside temperature is too low, a heat preservation film can be used to cover the surface of the land.

[0016] Further, in step S4, the organic rice seedlings are selected from varieties with strong disease resistance and good quality, with a seedling age of 30-35 days and a transplanting density of 15-20 plants per square meter.

[0017] Further, in step S5, field management includes water management, weed control, and disease and pest control; water management uses intermittent irrigation to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged; weed control uses manual removal; and disease and pest control uses biological control methods.

[0018] Further, the entire period from the start of step S4, transplanting, to the end of step S5, harvesting, is 90-100 days.

[0019] Furthermore, the organic rice produced meets the national organic food standard GB / T 19630-2019.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0021] 1. Eco-friendly: No chemical fertilizers or pesticides are needed. Green manure fermentation and dry soil oxidation decompose weeds, reducing pollution, improving soil fertility and structure, and reducing water consumption, which is in line with the trend of green agriculture.

[0022] 2. Superior Quality: The rice produced meets organic standards, with no harmful residues. Long-term consumption can regulate the spleen and stomach. This product has no chemical residues; synthetic pesticides and fertilizers are prohibited during the planting process, reducing the burden on the liver and kidneys and lowering the risk of chronic diseases. Minerals: The content of elements such as magnesium, zinc, and iron is higher than that of ordinary rice, which helps regulate blood pressure, prevent anemia, and enhance immunity. Vitamins B1, B2, and niacin participate in energy metabolism, maintain nervous system function, and relieve fatigue.

[0023] 3. High efficiency and economy: The time from transplanting to harvest is only 90-100 days, which is short and reduces the cost of pesticides and fertilizers. It is easy to promote on a large scale and has both ecological and economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the organic rice cultivation method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0027] A method for cultivating organic rice, comprising the following detailed steps:

[0028] 1. First year of dry land pretreatment

[0029] 1.1 Site selection: Select a dry site that is flat, well-drained, fertile, and far away from industrial pollution sources. The soil type should be loam or sandy loam, with a pH value between 6.0 and 7.5.

[0030] 1.2 Selection and Planting of Green Manure Crops: Based on the soil conditions and local climate characteristics of the plot, select any one of aloe vera, rapeseed, or blackberry grass as a green manure crop. Among them, aloe vera has strong adaptability and drought resistance, and its plant contains rich organic matter and minerals; rapeseed has a short growth cycle and high biomass, which can quickly increase nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil; blackberry grass has a well-developed root system, which can improve soil structure and increase soil permeability.

[0031] 1.3 Planting Procedures: Planting should be done in spring when the outside temperature is consistently above 15℃. Before planting, the land should be deeply tilled to a depth of 30-40cm, then leveled and free of stones, weed roots, and other impurities. Depending on the characteristics of the selected green manure crop, the appropriate planting method should be adopted: Aloe vera should be planted by division, with a plant spacing of 30-40cm and a row spacing of 40-50cm, and thoroughly watered after planting; rapeseed should be sown, with a seeding rate of 0.8-1kg / mu, and covered with 1-2cm of fine soil after sowing; blackberry grass should be sown, with a seeding rate of 1.5-2kg / mu, and the soil should be gently compacted after sowing to ensure close contact between the seeds and the soil.

[0032] 2. Green manure crop tillage treatment

[0033] 2.1 Tillage time: In the autumn of the first year, after the green manure crops have matured (aloe plants reach a height of 50-60cm, rapeseed enters its flowering period, and blackberry grass plants reach a height of 40-50cm), tillage should be carried out.

[0034] 2.2 Tillage Operation: Use a rotary tiller to till the plot to a depth of 25-35cm, ensuring that the green manure crop plants (including roots, stems, leaves, etc.) are completely buried in the soil, avoiding exposure of the plants on the surface. During the tillage process, thoroughly break up the soil to make the soil particles uniform and without obvious large clods, in order to facilitate the subsequent oxidation and decomposition process.

[0035] 2.3 Weed Oxidation and Decomposition: After tilling, the land is kept dry. Sufficient contact between the soil and air allows the weeds (including seeds and roots) to undergo oxidation in an aerobic environment, gradually decomposing. Simultaneously, the green manure crops also begin to decompose slowly, releasing small amounts of nutrients to nourish soil microorganisms, promoting their reproduction and further accelerating the weed decomposition process. This process continues until the following spring, requiring no additional management during this period. Only regular monitoring of soil conditions is necessary to prevent severe drought or waterlogging.

[0036] 3. Water soaking and fermentation

[0037] 3.1 Watering Preparation: In the spring of the second year, when the outside temperature is stable above 20℃, watering operations will begin. First, check the drainage system of the plot to ensure smooth drainage. Then, construct temporary field ridges around the plot, with a height of 30-40cm, to prevent water loss.

[0038] 3.2 Watering Operation: Use natural rainwater or groundwater that meets the standards for farmland irrigation water for watering. The amount of water should be enough to completely submerge the soil surface and the green manure crops that have been turned over and buried. Generally, the water depth should be maintained at 10-15cm. During the watering process, add water slowly to avoid the water flowing too quickly and eroding the soil, which would expose the green manure crops.

[0039] 3.3 Fermentation Management: After water injection, keep the plot sealed and cover the surface with plastic film to isolate air and create an anaerobic fermentation environment. During fermentation, control the plot temperature between 20-30℃. If the outside temperature is too low, cover the plastic film with an insulating film for insulation; if the outside temperature is too high, partially uncover the plastic film for ventilation and cooling. The fermentation time is 10-15 days. During fermentation, regularly observe the color and odor of the water in the plot. When the water turns dark brown and emits a slight fermented odor, fermentation is complete.

[0040] During fermentation, green manure crops rapidly decompose under anaerobic conditions, releasing abundant organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and other nutrients. Simultaneously, harmful microorganisms and insect eggs in the soil are killed by the high temperature and anaerobic environment, effectively reducing the risk of pests and diseases during subsequent rice cultivation. Furthermore, the fermentation process improves the physical properties of the soil, making it looser and more fertile, and enhancing its water and fertilizer retention capacity.

[0041] 4. Rice transplanting

[0042] 4.1 Seedling Preparation: Select organic rice varieties with strong disease resistance, excellent quality, and suitability to local climate conditions, such as "Yueguang" and "Daohuaxiang No. 2". Cultivate seedlings using organic seedling raising methods, without using chemical fertilizers or pesticides, and using organic fertilizers (such as well-rotted farmyard manure) as the seedling substrate. Transplant seedlings when they reach 30-35 days of age, are 15-20cm tall, and have 3-4 true leaves.

[0043] 4.2 Plot Preparation: After fermentation, remove the plastic film from the surface of the plot, open the drainage outlets, and drain excess water from the plot to keep the soil moist (soil moisture content 60%-70%). Then, use a harrow to level the plot, making the soil surface flat and without significant height differences, creating favorable conditions for rice transplanting.

[0044] 4.3 Transplanting Operation: Transplanting is carried out manually or mechanically. The transplanting density is determined according to the characteristics of the rice variety and soil fertility, generally 15-20 plants per square meter, with a row spacing of 25-30 cm and a plant spacing of 15-20 cm. When transplanting, ensure that the seedling roots are fully inserted into the soil to a depth of 2-3 cm to prevent the seedlings from lodging or floating. After transplanting, water thoroughly to promote root integration with the soil and improve the survival rate of the seedlings.

[0045] 5. Field Management and Harvesting

[0046] 5.1 Water Management: After transplanting, water management should be carried out through intermittent irrigation according to the water requirements of rice at different growth stages. During the tillering stage, keep the soil moist and irrigate with shallow water at a depth of 3-5 cm. During the jointing and booting stages, increase the amount of water and keep the water depth at 5-8 cm. During the grain-filling stage, gradually reduce the amount of water and keep the soil moist, avoiding waterlogging that could lead to root rot.

[0047] 5.2 Weed Control: Since the initial tillage and water-soaking fermentation processes of the green manure crops have effectively reduced weed seeds and roots in the soil, and no chemical herbicides are used during planting, weed control is achieved through manual removal. During the rice growing season, regular field inspections are conducted (every 15-20 days), and weeds are promptly removed to prevent them from competing with the rice for nutrients and sunlight.

[0048] 5.3 Pest and Disease Control: Biological control methods should be used to control pests and diseases, avoiding the use of chemical pesticides. For pests such as rice stem borers and rice planthoppers, natural enemies such as Trichogramma wasps and aphid wasps can be released for control. For diseases such as rice sheath blight and rice blast, biological pesticides such as Bacillus subtilis and kasugamycin can be used for control. At the same time, improve field ventilation and light penetration, and ensure reasonable planting density to enhance the disease resistance of rice plants.

[0049] 5.4 Harvesting: Harvesting can begin when the rice plants turn yellow, the ears droop, the grains are plump, and the moisture content drops to 20%-25%. A combine harvester is used, taking care to avoid mechanical damage to the grains during the harvesting process. After harvesting, the rice undergoes drying, threshing, and cleaning to obtain organic rice. The entire cycle from transplanting to harvest takes 90-100 days, or more than three months.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] In this embodiment, a plot of land with an area of ​​10 mu (approximately 667 square meters) was selected. The soil type was loam and the pH value was 6.8.

[0052] (1) First year dry land pretreatment: In March of the first year, rapeseed was planted in the plot as a green manure crop. Before planting, the plot was deeply plowed to a depth of 35cm. After leveling the land, the planting method was adopted, with a sowing rate of 1kg / mu. After sowing, the plot was covered with 1.5cm of fine soil and watered thoroughly.

[0053] (2) Green manure crop tillage treatment: In October of the first year, when the rapeseed enters its peak flowering period, a rotary tiller is used to till the land to a depth of 30cm, completely burying the rapeseed plants in the soil. After tillage, the land is kept dry until March of the following year.

[0054] (3) Water immersion fermentation: In April of the second year, when the outside temperature stabilizes at around 22℃, temporary field embankments with a height of 35cm are built around the plot. Then, groundwater is poured in, and the water depth is maintained at 12cm. The plot is covered with plastic film to isolate it from the air for fermentation. During the fermentation process, the plot temperature is maintained at 23-28℃. Fermentation lasts for 12 days. At this time, the water turns dark brown and emits a slight fermented smell, indicating that fermentation is complete.

[0055] (4) Transplanting: In late April of the second year, drain excess water to keep the soil moisture content at around 65%. After leveling the plot, select “Daohuaxiang No. 2” organic rice seedlings (32 days old) for manual transplanting. The transplanting density is 18 seedlings per square meter, with a row spacing of 28cm and a plant spacing of 18cm.

[0056] (5) Field Management and Harvesting: After transplanting, intermittent irrigation is carried out according to water management requirements; manual weeding is carried out every 18 days; aphid parasitoids are released to control rice planthoppers; and Bacillus subtilis is sprayed as a biological pesticide to control sheath blight. The rice matures in mid-July of the following year and is harvested to obtain organic rice. Testing shows that this organic rice meets the GB / T19630-2019 organic food standard, and feedback from long-term consumption by volunteers indicates a positive effect on spleen and stomach health. This product has no chemical residues; synthetic pesticides and fertilizers are prohibited during the planting process, reducing the burden on the liver and kidneys and lowering the risk of chronic diseases; minerals: the content of elements such as magnesium, zinc, and iron is higher than that of ordinary rice, which helps regulate blood pressure, prevent anemia, and enhance immunity; vitamins B1, B2, and niacin participate in energy metabolism, maintain nervous system function, and relieve fatigue.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] In this embodiment, the selected plot area is 8 mu (approximately 0.33 hectares), the soil type is sandy loam, and the pH value is 6.5.

[0059] (1) First year dry land pretreatment: In March of the first year, blackberry grass was planted in the plot as a green manure crop. Before planting, the plot was deeply plowed to 32cm, and after leveling the land, the planting method was adopted by sowing, with a sowing rate of 1.8kg / mu. After sowing, the soil was gently compacted.

[0060] (2) Green manure crop tillage treatment: In October of the first year, when the blackberry grass plants reached a height of 45cm, a rotary tiller was used to till the soil to a depth of 28cm, burying the blackberry grass plants in the soil. After tillage, the plot was kept dry until March of the following year.

[0061] (3) Water immersion fermentation: In April of the second year, when the outside temperature stabilizes at 21℃, temporary field embankments (32cm high) are built, and natural rainwater is poured in to a depth of 10cm. The fields are then covered with plastic film for fermentation. During fermentation, the temperature is controlled at 22-27℃ by covering the fields with an insulating film. Fermentation is completed in 10 days.

[0062] (4) Transplanting: In late April of the second year, drain excess water and keep the soil moisture content at 62%. After leveling the plot, select "Yueguang" organic rice seedlings (30 days old) for mechanical transplanting. The transplanting density is 16 seedlings per square meter, with a row spacing of 25cm and a plant spacing of 17cm.

[0063] (5) Field management and harvesting: After transplanting, intermittent irrigation is carried out; manual weeding is carried out every 16 days; Trichogramma wasps are released to control rice stem borers; and kasugamycin biological pesticide is sprayed to control rice blast. The rice matures and is harvested in early July of the following year, yielding organic rice. Tests show that the organic rice meets organic food standards and has an excellent taste.

[0064] In summary, this invention differs from traditional rice paddy cultivation, which requires maintaining a constant water level in the paddy field. This method only involves short-term water injection during the fermentation stage, significantly reducing water consumption. Green manure crops are low-cost and readily available, further lowering planting costs. Rice grown using this method has a more balanced nutritional composition, and feedback from practice indicates that long-term consumption has a regulating effect on the spleen and stomach. This product has no chemical residues, and the cultivation process prohibits the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, reducing the burden on the liver and kidneys and lowering the risk of chronic diseases. The mineral content, including magnesium, zinc, and iron, is higher than in ordinary rice, helping to regulate blood pressure, prevent anemia, and boost immunity. Vitamins B1, B2, and niacin participate in energy metabolism, maintain nervous system function, and relieve fatigue.

[0065] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating organic rice, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. First year dry land pretreatment: Select a dry land plot with flat terrain and good drainage, and plant green manure crops in the plot. The green manure crops are any one of aloe vera, rapeseed, and blackberry grass. S2. Green manure crop tillage treatment: After the green manure crops mature in the first year, the plot is tilled to bury the green manure crop plants in the soil to a depth of 25-35cm. After tilling, the weeds in the soil are naturally decomposed and transformed into auxiliary fertilizer by the contact oxidation between the soil and the air. S3. Water immersion fermentation: In the second year, the tilled plots are irrigated with water. The amount of water should completely cover the soil surface and the green manure crops that have been turned over. After irrigating, the plots are kept closed to prevent air from entering and to allow fermentation to take place for 10-15 days. S4. Transplanting: After fermentation, drain excess water from the plot to keep the soil moist, and then transplant the organic rice seedlings. S5. Field Management and Harvesting: After transplanting, organic farming field management methods are adopted to avoid the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers. The rice is harvested after it matures to obtain organic rice.

2. The method for cultivating organic rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the planting time for green manure crops is selected in spring, and the planting density is as follows: aloe vera plant spacing is 30-40cm and row spacing is 40-50cm; rapeseed plant spacing is 15-20cm and row spacing is 25-30cm; blackberry grass sowing rate is 1.5-2kg / mu.

3. The method for cultivating organic rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the tillage operation is carried out using a rotary tiller. During the tillage process, it is ensured that the green manure crop plants are completely covered by soil, and that the soil particles are uniform with no obvious large clods.

4. The method for cultivating organic rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the water used for water injection is natural rainwater or groundwater that meets the standards for farmland irrigation water quality. During the fermentation process, the temperature of the plot is kept at 20-30℃. If the outside temperature is too low, the plot surface can be covered with an insulating film for insulation.

5. The method for cultivating organic rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, organic rice seedlings are selected from varieties with strong disease resistance and excellent quality. The seedlings are 30-35 days old and the transplanting density is 15-20 seedlings per square meter.

6. The method for cultivating organic rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, field management includes water management, weed control, and pest and disease control; water management adopts intermittent irrigation to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged; weed control is carried out by manual removal; and pest and disease control adopts biological control methods.

7. The method for cultivating organic rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: From the start of rice planting in step S4 to the end of harvesting in step S5, the entire cycle takes 90-100 days.

8. The method for cultivating organic rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic rice produced meets the national organic food standard GB / T 19630-2019.

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