Biological cultivation method for reducing mechanical compaction of farmland through grain and green manure compound planting

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation and agricultural soil improvement, in particular to a biological cultivation method for reducing mechanical compaction of a farmland through grain and green manure compound planting. According to the method, grain crops are sown in a wide-narrow row planting mode, and two rows of green manure crops are planted between the two rows of grain crops planted in the wide row; wherein medicago sativa or ryegrass is selected as the green manure crop. Experiments prove that the method provided by the invention can significantly improve physical properties of soil, reduce mechanical compaction harm, improve soil fertility and improve crop yield and quality, and has significant economic benefits, ecological benefits and social benefits.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of agricultural tillage and soil improvement, and particularly relates to a biological tillage method for reducing mechanical compaction in farmland by means of compound planting of grain and green manure. BACKGROUND

[0002] Black soil is a very precious soil resource. The organic matter content of this type of soil is high, and the soil is fertile, which makes it an important base for commercial grain production. However, long-term high-intensity mechanized operation and unreasonable tillage methods have caused serious soil compaction problems in the black soil region.

[0003] In recent years, the level of agricultural machinery has been continuously improved, and large-scale machinery has been frequently used to compact the soil, which has further aggravated soil compaction, leading to an increase in soil bulk density, a decrease in porosity, poor aeration and water permeability, thickening of the plow pan, and continuous deterioration of the soil ecological environment, which has seriously affected the growth of crop roots and yield formation. At the same time, the traditional single-crop continuous cropping mode has also exacerbated soil degradation, leading to an increase in agricultural production costs and an increase in pressure on the ecological environment.

[0004] In view of the above, the present application is proposed. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a biological tillage method for reducing mechanical compaction in farmland by means of compound planting of grain and green manure. The biological tillage effect achieved by the growth and biological activity of green manure crops is that the developed root system of the green manure breaks through and squeezes the soil crust layer, restructures the soil pore structure, reduces the soil bulk density, and improves the total porosity, while reducing the compaction degree. This method realizes the organic combination of grain production and soil structure improvement through scientific crop configuration, reasonable planting mode, and fine field management, and belongs to the category of modern agricultural sustainable development technology.

[0006] Specifically, the present application provides the following scheme: Firstly, the present application provides a biological tillage method for reducing mechanical compaction in farmland by means of compound planting of grain and green manure. The grain crops are sown in a wide-narrow row planting mode, and two rows of green manure crops are planted between the two rows of grain crops planted in the wide rows. The green manure crops are selected from Medicago sativa or Lolium multiflorum.

[0007] Preferably, the grain crops are selected from corn.

[0008] Preferably, the wide row spacing of the grain crops is 80±10 cm, and the narrow row spacing is 40±5 cm; the plant spacing is 15±5 cm.

[0009] Preferably, the planting density of the grain crops is 4400-4600 plants per mu.

[0010] Preferably, the row spacing of the two rows of green manure crops is 20±5 cm.

[0011] Preferably, the seeding amount of alfalfa is 1.5-2 kg / mu; or the seeding amount of ryegrass is 3-4 kg / mu.

[0012] Preferably, the method comprises the steps of deep ploughing, applying base fertilizer, sowing grain crops and green manure crops, applying nitrogen fertilizer, cultivating and ploughing, and cutting and turning over and returning to the field in sequence; wherein the cutting and turning over and returning to the field refers to cutting and uniformly turning over and returning to the field when the green manure grows to the full flowering stage. The turning over depth is preferably 20-25 cm.

[0013] Preferably, the ploughing depth of the deep ploughing is 30-40 cm; and / or the ploughing depth of the cultivating and ploughing is 10-15 cm.

[0014] Preferably, the base fertilizer is 35-36 kg of low-nitrogen slow-release fertilizer per mu, and the low-nitrogen slow-release fertilizer has N:P:K=13-15:15-17:14-16.

[0015] Preferably, the soil type for the tillage method is black soil region.

[0016] The green manure crop has multiple functions such as improving soil structure, increasing organic matter content, and improving soil permeability. Through intercropping of grain crops and green manure crops, not only the mechanical compaction damage can be reduced, but also the land utilization rate can be improved, the use of chemical fertilizers can be reduced, and the soil quality can be improved. At present, in actual production, there are problems such as unscientific variety selection, unreasonable planting mode, and inaccurate turning period in the planting and utilization of green manure crops, which leads to unstable soil improvement and fertilization effect, and it is difficult to fully play the value. The present application selects specific green manure crops, which can better play the biological tillage effect of green manure crops to replace or assist traditional mechanical tillage: on the one hand, the developed root system of green manure can break the soil hardening layer through physical penetration and extrusion, reconstruct the pore structure, reduce the bulk density, improve the total porosity, and reduce the compaction degree, so as to expand the space for crop root growth; on the other hand, the interaction between root system and soil microorganisms can improve the soil organic matter content and biological activity.

[0017] Through years of experiments, the present application systematically studies the key links such as the combination of different grain crops and green manure crops, planting mode, tillage technology and field management, and finally forms a set of grain and green manure composite planting technology system suitable for black soil region. The technology system provides an effective way to solve the problems of soil compaction, structure degradation and low agricultural benefit in black soil region, and also provides important technical support for realizing green and high-quality development of agriculture. Advantages

[0018] The application provides a biological tillage method for reducing farmland mechanical compaction by grain-green manure compound planting, grain crops are sown by using wide-narrow row planting mode, and two rows of green manure crops are planted in the rows between the two rows of grain crops planted in the wide row; wherein the green manure crops are selected from alfalfa and ryegrass. The method provided by the application can significantly improve soil physical properties, reduce mechanical compaction damage, improve soil fertility, increase crop yield and quality, and has significant economic, ecological and social benefits.

[0019] The application has great popularization potential and can provide strong technical support for grain safety and sustainable agricultural development in black soil areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the application or prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description will be described below.

[0021] Figure 1 An example diagram of the grain-green manure compound planting mode of the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The application aims to provide a planting method for reducing farmland mechanical compaction by grain-green manure compound planting in black soil areas, which solves the problem of soil degradation caused by farmland mechanical compaction by scientifically configuring crop types, optimizing planting structure, and reasonably tilling and managing the field. In the traditional agricultural planting mode, the working path is the main path for the passage of agricultural machinery, field management and harvesting and transportation, and shows significant soil compaction characteristics. Due to the frequent mechanical rolling (such as back-and-forth operation of heavy equipment such as seeders and harvesters), the soil structure of the working path is damaged. In view of the compaction problem of the traditional working path, the planting method proposes a green manure root system biological tillage technical system, which plants green manure crops in the working path, and the green manure root system biological tillage effect significantly improves the soil structure, such as increase of soil porosity, decrease of bulk density and decrease of compaction degree. The compound planting technical system constructed by the application realizes the dual goals of "improving the plough layer" and "improving the fertility" by biological means, constructs a technical system for the coordinated development of grain production and soil structure improvement, and realizes the unity of economic benefit and ecological benefit.

[0023] In one more specific embodiment, the biological tillage method for reducing farmland mechanical compaction by grain-green manure compound planting in black soil areas provided by the application includes the following steps: (1) Plot selection and preparation: select a black soil plot with flat terrain and deep plough layer in Cai'niu Town, Tieling City, Liaoning Province, after the harvest of the previous crop, use minimum tillage or no-tillage technology, apply 35-36 kg of low-nitrogen slow-release fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer, and the low-nitrogen slow-release fertilizer is N:P:K=14:16:15.

[0024] (2) Crop configuration and sowing: Select high-yield and high-quality corn variety Zhengdan 958 as the main food crop, and match it with deep-rooted green manure crop varieties. The food crops are planted in a wide and narrow row planting mode, with a wide row spacing of 80±10 cm and a narrow row spacing of 40±5 cm. At the same time, two rows of green manure crops are planted in the middle of the wide row of food crops (two rows of green manure are planted between the corn rows), and the row spacing between the two rows of green manure crops is 20 cm, and the row spacing between each row of green manure crops and the adjacent food crops is 30 cm. After the green manure grows to the full flowering stage, it is cut and uniformly turned back into the field, which can significantly improve the soil organic matter content, ensure food yield, and consider soil sustainable use (see Figure 1 ).

[0025] (3) Planting density control: The planting density of the main food crops is determined according to the characteristics of the variety, and generally 4500 plants per mu of corn are reserved; the sowing amount of green manure crops is determined according to the type, and the sowing amount of alfalfa is 1.5-2 kg / mu, and the sowing amount of winter rye is 3-4 kg / mu.

[0026] (4) Cultivation management: Adopting less tillage or no tillage technology to reduce the number of mechanical operations; no mechanical compaction operation is performed during the growth period of green manure crops.

[0027] (5) Fertilization management: Apply sufficient base fertilizer before sowing, mainly using low-nitrogen slow-release fertilizer; timely top-dress according to the crop growth during the growth period, and top-dress 15 kg / mu of nitrogen fertilizer during the key growth period of the main food crops; generally, no chemical fertilizer is applied to green manure crops, and if necessary, a small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be applied.

[0028] (6) Water management: Do not use artificial irrigation, and rely on natural rainfall to meet the growth needs of crops.

[0029] (7) Green manure returning: The green manure crops are cut at the full flowering stage and then uniformly turned back into the field, with a turning depth of 20-25 cm. After returning to the field, appropriate irrigation and application of decomposed agent are performed to promote decomposition and increase soil organic matter content.

[0030] The method provided by the application aims at the problems of soil compaction, structure degradation, and decreased aeration and water permeability caused by long-term mechanized operation in black soil areas. By scientifically configuring crop varieties, optimizing planting modes, reasonably planning crop rotation, and field management, a complete technical system for the coordinated development of grain production and soil structure improvement is constructed. The method covers key links such as crop variety selection, intercropping mode design, tillage technology, field management, and green manure returning, and has the advantages of simple operation, cost saving and efficiency increasing, ecological friendliness, and strong sustainability, and is suitable for popularization and application in major black soil areas such as the Northeast China, can effectively improve soil physical properties, reduce mechanical compaction damage, improve soil fertility, and improve crop yield and quality.

[0031] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the present application will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0032] The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed in this specification are not limited to the precise values stated. The ranges or values should be construed to be approximations that allow for significant variation. Various ranges of values that are stated in this specification are considered to be approximate values that incorporate numerical tolerances that are typical for products within the state of the art, and / or allow for significant variation that one of ordinary skill in the art would recognize, in light of the nature of the quantity.

[0033] In the description of the present specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "specific embodiments", or "some specific embodiments" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of the present application. In the present specification, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in the present specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0034] In the embodiments provided in the present specification, if the specific technology or condition is not specified, the technology or condition described in the literature in the art or according to the product manual is used. If the reagent or instrument used is not specified by the manufacturer, it is a conventional product that can be purchased through a regular channel. Embodiment 1

[0035] The present embodiment provides a biological tillage method for reducing mechanical compaction in grain and green manure compound planting in black soil areas. The method specifically implements a maize (grain) and alfalfa (green manure) intercropping mode in the black soil area of Tieling City, Liaoning Province, Northeast China.

[0036] The steps of the present embodiment are as follows: (1) Land preparation: select a black soil plot with corn as the previous crop, and immediately perform deep ploughing after corn harvest, with a deep ploughing depth of 35 cm. In combination with deep ploughing, 35-36 kg of low-nitrogen slow-release fertilizer per mu is applied as base fertilizer, and the low-nitrogen slow-release fertilizer has a N:P:K ratio of 14:16:15.

[0037] (2) Sowing arrangement: corn was sowed on May 10, and Zhengdan 958 was selected as the variety, wide-narrow row planting was adopted, the wide row spacing was 80 cm, the narrow row spacing was 40 cm, the plant spacing was 15 cm, and the density was 4500 plants per mu. At the same time, alfalfa was planted in the wide row, Line spacing 20 Centimeters , and the sowing amount was 1.8 kg per mu.

[0038] (3) Field management: 15 kg of urea per mu was applied at the corn jointing stage. During the growth period, 2 times of cultivation and loosening were carried out, and the depth was 12 cm. The alfalfa was cut and turned back to the field at the full flowering stage (mid-July).

[0039] After the implementation of the method, the growth process of the green manure root system in the corn row formed a significant "anti-pressure-cushioning" effect. On the physical level, compared with conventional corn planting, the treatment planting improved the soil porosity by 6.8%, reduced the soil bulk density by 0.15 g / cm 3 , improved the soil aeration by 35%, and reduced the compaction degree by 45%, effectively alleviating the soil compaction pressure caused by mechanical operation. On the chemical level, the treatment effectively improved the soil organic matter content, formed a "biological buffer layer", and enhanced the soil anti-rolling pressure capacity. This compound planting mode breaks through the limitations of single green manure, and through the three-dimensional utilization of "above-ground forage grass production and underground soil improvement", each mu can increase the input of organic matter (green manure production) by 5%-8% compared with conventional planting. More importantly, the biological tillage effect constructed by it enables the farmland to have the ability to independently adjust the soil compaction degree, significantly reducing the dependence on mechanical deep loosening, and is an important technical paradigm for reducing the mechanical compaction of black soil area and realizing the multi-target synergy of "increasing grain yield-soil fertilization". Embodiment 2

[0040] The embodiment provides a biological tillage method for reducing the mechanical compaction of farmland in a black soil area of Liaoning Province in the Northeast of China.

[0041] The steps of the embodiment are as follows: (1) Land preparation: select a black soil land plot with corn as the previous crop, and carry out deep loosening after corn harvesting, the deep loosening depth is 36 cm, and 35-36 kg of low-nitrogen slow-release fertilizer per mu is applied as base fertilizer per mu in combination with land preparation, the low-nitrogen slow-release fertilizer N:P:K=14:16:15.

[0042] (2) Sowing arrangement: corn was sowed on May 10, and Zhengdan 958 was selected as the variety, wide-narrow row planting was adopted, the wide row spacing was 80 cm, the narrow row spacing was 40 cm, the plant spacing was 15 cm, and the density was 4500 plants per mu. At the same time, blackgrass was planted in the wide row, the row spacing was 20 cm, and the sowing amount was 3.5 kg per mu.

[0043] (3) Field management: 15 kg / mu of urea is applied at the corn jointing stage. Cultivation is carried out twice during the growth period, with a depth of 12 cm. Winter rye is cut and turned back to the field at the vigorous growth stage (mid to late July).

[0044] The method has a significant effect on reducing soil compaction by planting green manure between corn rows, and a "pressure-resistant buffer system" of soil structure is constructed through the effect of biological tillage. The developed root system of green manure continuously penetrates the compacted soil layer during the growth process, which shows obvious advantages compared with conventional corn planting, effectively improves the total porosity of the plough layer, reduces the soil bulk density and compaction, and improves the hardening layer. The inter-row soil improved by green manure has a compaction degree 35% lower than that of the traditional mode before sowing the next year, realizing the benign cycle of "resisting pressure during the tillage period and repairing during the fallow period", and creating a loose and porous rhizosphere environment for crop growth.

[0045] Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only the preferred embodiments of the present application, which are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit them; any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A biological tillage method for reducing mechanical compaction in a crop field by intercropping food crops with green manure, characterized in that, The grain crop is sown in a wide-narrow row planting mode, and two rows of green manure crops are planted between the two rows of grain crops planted in wide rows; the green manure crops are selected from Medicago sativa and Lolium multiflorum.

2. The biological farming method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, The grain crop is corn.

3. The biological tillage method for reducing field mechanical compaction by intercropping food crops with green manure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The wide row spacing of the grain crop is 80±10 cm, the narrow row spacing is 40±5 cm, and the plant spacing is 15±5 cm.

4. The biological tillage method for reducing field mechanical compaction by intercropping food crops with green manure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The planting density of the grain crop is 4400-4600 plants per mu.

5. The biological tillage method for reducing farmland mechanical compaction through grain-green manure intercropping according to claim 1, characterized in that, The row spacing of the two rows of green manure crops is 20±5 cm.

6. The biological farming method of claim 5, wherein the method further comprises the step of planting a green manure crop in the furrow. The sowing amount of Medicago sativa is 1.5-2 kg per mu, or the sowing amount of Lolium multiflorum is 3-4 kg per mu.

7. The biological farming method of claim 1-6, wherein, The steps include, in sequence, deep ploughing, applying base fertilizer, sowing grain crops and green manure crops, applying nitrogen fertilizer, cultivating and ploughing, and mowing and turning under; the mowing and turning under refers to mowing and uniformly turning under when the green manure grows to the full flowering stage.

8. The biological farming method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises the step of planting a green manure crop in the furrow. The ploughing depth of the deep ploughing is 30-40 cm, and / or the ploughing depth of the cultivating and ploughing is 10-15 cm.

9. The biological farming method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises the step of planting a green manure crop in the furrow. The base fertilizer is 35-36 kg of low-nitrogen slow-release fertilizer per mu, and the N:P:K of the low-nitrogen slow-release fertilizer is 13-15:15-17:14-16.

10. The biological farming method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises the step of planting a green manure crop in the furrow. The soil type for which the tillage method is implemented is black soil region.

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