A central heat source triggered organic solid waste rapid temperature rising fermentation device

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of biomass waste treatment technology, and particularly to a rapid fermentation device for organic solid waste triggered by a central exothermic source. An embodiment of this invention provides a rapid fermentation device for organic solid waste triggered by a central exothermic source, comprising an insulated outer shell and a double-layered tubular structure inserted inside the insulated outer shell. The insulated outer shell contains materials to be fermented. The double-layered tubular structure includes an inner layer and an outer layer. The inner layer is a variable-diameter columnar structure filled with quicklime, including a narrow end and a wide end. The outer layer is a columnar structure containing water. The outer layer is fitted onto the narrow end of the inner layer, and one end of the outer layer is in close contact with a platform formed by the transition between the wide and narrow ends of the inner layer. A microporous partition is formed in the portion of the outer layer in contact with the platform. This embodiment of the invention provides a rapid fermentation device for organic solid waste triggered by a central exothermic source, capable of providing a fermentation device that heats up rapidly in a low-temperature environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of biomass waste treatment technology, and in particular to a rapid start-up fermentation device for organic solid waste triggered by a central exothermic source. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing scale of agricultural production and accelerated urbanization, my country generates over 4 billion tons of biomass waste (straw, sludge, livestock manure, etc.) annually. Direct discharge or incineration of this waste leads to resource waste and environmental pollution. Aerobic fermentation technology, as a core means to achieve waste reduction, harmlessness, and resource recovery, has become a key research focus in the industry. However, traditional fermentation technologies generally suffer from bottlenecks such as slow heating, long cycles, and high energy consumption, which are particularly pronounced in low-temperature environments. For example, high-latitude cold regions such as Northeast and Northwest China often face extreme low temperatures below -20°C in winter, severely restricting the industrial application of this technology. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a rapid start-up fermentation device for organic solid waste triggered by a central exothermic source, which can provide a fermentation device that can rapidly heat up in a low-temperature environment.

[0004] This invention provides a rapid fermentation device for organic solid waste triggered by a central exothermic source, comprising an insulated outer shell and a double-layered tubular structure inserted inside the insulated outer shell. The insulated outer shell contains materials to be fermented. The double-layered tubular structure includes an inner layer and an outer layer. The inner layer is a variable-diameter columnar structure filled with quicklime, including a narrow end and a wide end. The outer layer is a columnar structure that stores water. The outer layer is fitted onto the narrow end of the inner layer. One end of the outer layer is in close contact with the platform formed by the transition between the wide and narrow ends of the inner layer. A microporous partition is formed on the portion of the outer layer in close contact with the platform.

[0005] In one possible design, the double-layered tubular structure is wrapped with a ventilation sleeve. One end of the ventilation sleeve is connected to an external air pump, and the other end has a vent hole. A cylindrical porous baffle is provided on the outside of the ventilation sleeve. The gas provided by the air pump enters the material to be fermented through the vent hole of the ventilation sleeve and the opening of the porous baffle.

[0006] In one possible design, the bottom of the coarse end of the inner layer is a porous sieve plate.

[0007] In one possible design, the outer layer is connected to an external water pump.

[0008] In one possible design, a vent plate is provided at the bottom of the thermal insulation shell, and a ventilation cavity is formed between the vent plate and the thermal insulation shell. The thermal insulation shell is provided with a plurality of drain outlets and vents communicating with the ventilation cavity.

[0009] In one possible design, the insulating shell is made of an insulating material with a thermal conductivity of no more than 0.035 W / (m·K), and the inner wall is coated with an anti-corrosion resin of no less than 200 μm.

[0010] In one possible design, the diameter of the outer or inner layer of the double-layer tubular structure is 25-40% of the diameter of the insulation shell, and the length of the inner layer is 50-70% of the tank body.

[0011] In one possible design, the porous sieve plate has a pore diameter of 5-15 mm and an opening rate of 30-50%, and the microporous partition plate has a pore diameter of 3-5 mm and an opening rate of 30-50%.

[0012] In one possible design, the amount of quicklime material added to the inner layer is 8-20 wt% of the material to be fermented, and the inner layer also includes porous biomass accounting for 25-50% of the volume of quicklime material.

[0013] In one possible design, the total mass of water added to the outer layer is 0.6-1.0 times the mass of quicklime, and the water in the outer layer also includes acidic substances.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0015] This invention achieves rapid temperature rise and shortens the fermentation cycle. It utilizes a double-layered tubular structure within the insulating outer shell to release heat from the center, efficiently releasing heat through the quicklime-water reaction. Within 5-10 minutes, the core area of ​​the material rises to over 50°C, overcoming the bottleneck of traditional fermentation relying on natural temperature rise in low-temperature environments. Synergistically with the metabolic heat production of thermophilic microorganisms, the overall fermentation cycle can be shortened by more than 50% compared to traditional methods. This solves the problems of slow temperature rise in high-latitude, cold regions and the difficulty of small-scale fermentation piles reaching the high-temperature stage, thus improving fermentation efficiency.

[0016] Simplified structure and reduced costs. Adopting a "center-ring" layered structure with no complex moving parts, it reduces costs by more than 30% compared to traditional multi-layer fermenters. Combined with the low cost of quicklime, energy consumption per unit of material processed is reduced by 60%-80% compared to electric heating or steam solutions, addressing the shortcomings of complex equipment and high energy consumption.

[0017] Reduce heat loss rate and enhance applicability. Through the design of an insulated shell and central heat source, the heat loss rate in cold regions is reduced to below 40%. The device does not rely on steam or the power grid and can operate in remote areas without infrastructure. It is compatible with a variety of high-viscosity, high-moisture materials (50%-80% moisture content) such as sludge, straw, and livestock manure, solving the problems of carbon emission reduction pressure from fuel oil / gas heating and the difficulty of large-scale stack heating in low-temperature environments. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a rapid start-up fermentation device for organic solid waste triggered by a central exothermic source, provided by the present invention.

[0020] In the picture:

[0021] 1-Insulated outer shell; 2-Fermentation material; 3-Microporous partition; 4-Porous sieve plate; 5-Ventilation plate; 6-Ventilation chamber; 7-Ventilation port; 8-Discharge port; 9-Inlet port; 10-Exhaust port; 11-Heat release chamber inlet; 12-Water inlet; 13-Support frame; 14-Porous partition; 15-Ventilation sleeve; 16-Outer layer; 17-Ventilation hole; 18-Inner layer; 19-Support column; 20-Drainage port. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; unless otherwise specified or stated, the term "multiple" refers to two or more; the terms "connected," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, an integral connection, or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0024] In this specification, it should be understood that the directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention are used to describe the angles shown in the accompanying drawings and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, in the context, it should also be understood that when it is mentioned that one element is connected "upper" or "lower" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element "upper" or "lower," or indirectly connected to the other element "upper" or "lower" through an intermediate element.

[0025] The key challenge of existing technologies lies in the difficulty of efficiently and economically achieving rapid heating of materials during the start-up phase. Traditional natural heating methods, relying on heat generated by microbial agents, are significantly constrained by ambient temperature: in cold seasons or with materials of high moisture content (such as sludge with a moisture content >80%), it takes 3-7 days to reach the optimal microbial activity range (50-70℃), resulting in a fermentation cycle of 15-30 days. Especially when the temperature is below 5℃, microbial activity drops sharply, with large-scale piles (>30m³) experiencing heating cycles exceeding 72 hours, and small-scale piles even failing to reach the high-temperature period, easily leading to mold growth. To overcome this limitation, external heat source technologies such as steam heating and electric heating have been introduced. While these shorten the heating time, the energy cost per ton of sludge increases significantly, accounting for 30%-50% or even higher of the treatment cost. In cold regions, the heat loss rate exceeds 60%, requiring continuous heating (>72 hours) and making it difficult to maintain a stable temperature above 50°C in the core material area. It also faces challenges such as pipeline freezing and complex equipment (e.g., coil heat exchangers are prone to clogging). While oil / gas heating technology provides faster temperature rise, the construction of energy supply facilities in rural areas is difficult, and combustion emissions exacerbate the pressure on carbon reduction.

[0026] The direct addition of quicklime (CaO) was once considered a low-cost method for starting the temperature. Although its hydration reaction (CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2+ 64.9 kJ / mol) has the potential for instantaneous exothermic reaction, its practical application has significant drawbacks: the local pH value rises sharply to above 12, which disrupts the acid-base balance of microorganisms and inhibits their activity; uneven mixing leads to the coexistence of local overheating (>80℃) and low temperature zones; instantaneous high temperature (up to 100℃) kills native microorganisms; the distribution of the reaction product hydrated lime is uncontrollable, which increases the cost of subsequent treatment and makes it difficult to convert it into an effective fertilizer component.

[0027] To address the aforementioned issues, the industry has explored built-in exothermic reaction technologies, but existing concepts still face challenges. For example, jacketed heating structures require heat transfer through the tank wall, resulting in a long path and slow heating (30-60 minutes), and the reaction products cannot be utilized as resources. Decentralized exothermic packs require manual installation and recovery, making the reaction uncontrollable and prone to clogging the discharge port and interrupting continuous operation. It is worth noting that while the jacketed heating concept has applications in the food and other fields, the high viscosity, high solids content, and corrosive nature of biomass fermentation, along with the requirements for heat transfer efficiency, product resource utilization, and large-scale operation, present significant challenges. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a fermentation device with a simple structure, rapid heating, usable products, and compatibility with continuous operation to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and solutions such as quicklime in terms of energy consumption, efficiency, and controllability.

[0028] To solve the above technical problems, such as Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a rapid fermentation device for organic solid waste triggered by a central exothermic source, including an insulating shell 1 and a double-layered tubular structure inserted inside the insulating shell 1. The insulating shell 1 contains the material to be fermented 2. The double-layered tubular structure includes an inner layer 18 and an outer layer 16. The inner layer 18 is a variable-diameter columnar structure filled with quicklime material, including a thin end and a thick end. The outer layer 16 is a columnar body that stores water. The outer layer 16 is fitted onto the thin end of the inner layer 18. One end of the outer layer 16 is in close contact with the platform formed by the transition between the thick end and the thin end of the inner layer 18. A microporous partition 3 is formed on the part of the outer layer 16 that is in close contact with the platform.

[0029] In this embodiment, the central double-layered tubular structure does not directly contact the material; heating is achieved through heat conduction. Located in the middle of the fermentation material, the double-layered tubular structure generates heat, heating the material to be fermented 2 from the center outwards. This results in high heating efficiency, uniform diffusion, and minimal impact from low external temperatures. The double-layered tubular structure allows water to gradually seep into the quicklime, achieving a controllable and continuous heating effect. This structure overcomes the limitations of traditional sandwich heating methods, such as long heat transfer paths and low efficiency. It avoids localized overheating (>80℃) and pH imbalance (pH>12) caused by direct contact between quicklime and the material. Simultaneously, the reaction products are naturally and slowly released into the material layer through the bottom sieve holes (5-15mm in diameter), eliminating the need for manual recovery.

[0030] In some embodiments of the present invention, a ventilation sleeve 15 is wound around the outside of the double-layer tubular structure. One end of the ventilation sleeve 15 is connected to an external air pump, and the other end has a vent hole 17. A cylindrical porous partition 14 is provided on the outside of the ventilation sleeve 15. The gas provided by the air pump enters the material to be fermented through the vent hole 17 of the ventilation sleeve 15 and the opening of the porous partition 14.

[0031] In this embodiment, the ventilation sleeve 15 provides a continuous and sufficient supply of oxygen for fermentation. Simultaneously, combined with the ventilation opening 7 at the bottom of the insulation shell 1, ventilation convection is achieved, accelerating the uniform conduction of heat. Furthermore, the double-layer tubular structure is separated from the material by a porous partition 14, allowing it to be lifted out from the top. A lifting interface is provided at the top of the double-layer tubular structure, enabling extraction / insertion using a crane or sliding rail system. The support frame 13 is fixed to the tank top flange using adjustable bolts.

[0032] The insulation shell 1 is equipped with a feed inlet 9 and a discharge outlet 8. The double-layer tubular structure is equipped with a heat release chamber inlet 11 and a water inlet 12. The insulation shell 1 is supported by support columns 19. The feed inlet 9 consists of 3-4 circular openings (0.2-0.5m in diameter), evenly distributed around the top of the central heat release chamber. The material is horizontally injected into the annular material layer by a screw conveyor, ensuring that the material is evenly filled along the annular space. The discharge outlet 8 is located at the bottom edge of the tank (0.3-0.8m in diameter) and can be controlled by an electric gate. The material flows downward along the annular space under the action of gravity, and is discharged synchronously with the quicklime and automatically mixed.

[0033] In some embodiments of the present invention, the bottom of the coarse end of the inner layer 18 is a porous sieve plate 4. This design allows the quicklime generated by the initial reaction with water at the bottom to pass through the porous sieve plate 4 into the material to be fermented 2. The quicklime in the inner layer 18 moves slowly downwards under gravity, ensuring that the water deep at the coarse end can continuously react with the quicklime and release heat. In addition, the quicklime produced by the reaction is naturally and slowly released into the annular material layer and discharged synchronously with the decomposed material, realizing the integration of "heating-fermentation-conditioning" while supplementing calcium. The final product meets the national standards for organic fertilizer. High-temperature fermentation combined with the bactericidal effect of quicklime inhibits the reproduction rate of pathogens by more than 90%, effectively solving the problems of local overheating, pH imbalance, and difficulty in product recovery caused by direct addition of quicklime.

[0034] In some embodiments of the present invention, the outer layer 16 is connected to an external water pump. The water pump and the PLC controller can form a temperature control system for precisely controlling the thermal reaction. Specifically, it consists of temperature sensors (3-5 installed along the axial direction on the bottom of the porous partition 14 or the outer wall of the exothermic chamber), the PLC controller, and the variable frequency water pump. When the sensor detects that the temperature of the central material reaches about 70°C (the optimal activity temperature for microorganisms), the PLC controller automatically shuts off the water pump and stops adding water; if the temperature is below 60°C, the water addition is restarted. The amount of water added is adjusted to precisely control the heat release of the reaction, avoiding overheating or insufficient temperature rise. In necessary emergency situations, the exothermic chamber can be extracted to stop heat accumulation. The PLC controller starts the variable frequency water pump to inject water (0.6-1.0 times the mass of quicklime) into the water channel of the outer layer 16 of the central exothermic chamber. Excess water can be used to buffer thermal shock and ensure complete reaction, but at the same time, high water content should be prevented from causing agglomeration. A small amount of acidic substances (such as phosphoric acid or humic acid) are added to the water to achieve simultaneous diffusion of acid and alkali. Quicklime reacts rapidly with water within 5-10 minutes, releasing heat and raising the temperature of the central material to over 50°C. Ventilation in the central area facilitates rapid heat transfer to the surrounding materials. The heat generated by microbial metabolism, combined with the residual heat in the central heat-generating chamber, maintains the overall material temperature at 55-65°C for over 24 hours. During this period, moisture evaporates and is discharged through the exhaust port 10 at the top of the tank (moisture can be replenished through the top feed port 9 and water inlet 12). The resulting hydrated lime and other products are slowly mixed into the material layer through the bottom sieve. After fermentation and maturation, the electric gate opens, and the matured material and hydrated lime are discharged from the bottom discharge port 8, directly used as raw material for organic fertilizer (pH adjusted to 7.5-8.5, and calcium and phosphorus supplemented). Simultaneously, quicklime is refilled into the central heat-generating chamber for the next batch cycle. Compared to existing technologies, this device achieves a hydrated lime reaction heat utilization rate of >70%.

[0035] In some embodiments of the present invention, a ventilated plate 5 is provided at the bottom of the heat-insulating shell 1, and a ventilation cavity 6 is formed between the ventilated plate 5 and the heat-insulating shell 1. The heat-insulating shell 1 is provided with a plurality of drain outlets 20 and ventilation openings 7 communicating with the ventilation cavity 6. The drain outlets 20 are provided at the ventilation cavity 6 to prevent water in the material from seeping in, and the water can be discharged through the drain outlets 20 by gravity.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present invention, the insulating outer shell 1 is made of an insulating material with a thermal conductivity of not more than 0.035 W / (m·K), and the inner wall is coated with an anti-corrosion resin of not less than 200 μm. Furthermore, the double-layer sleeve structure can be made of high-temperature resistant 316L stainless steel or ceramic.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present invention, the diameter of the outer layer 16 or the inner layer 18 of the double-layer tubular structure is 25 to 40% of the diameter of the heat insulation shell 1, and the length of the inner layer 18 is 50 to 70% of the tank body, to ensure heat diffusion efficiency and sufficient filling volume.

[0038] In some embodiments of the present invention, the porous sieve plate 4 has a pore diameter of 5-15 mm and an opening rate of 30-50%, and the microporous partition plate 3 has a pore diameter of 3-5 mm and an opening rate of 30-50%.

[0039] In some embodiments of the present invention, the amount of quicklime material added in the inner layer 18 is 8 to 20 wt% of the material to be fermented 2, and the inner layer 18 also includes porous biomass accounting for 25 to 50% of the volume of quicklime material.

[0040] In some embodiments of the present invention, the total mass of water added to the outer layer 16 is 0.6-1.0 times the mass of quicklime, and the water in the outer layer 16 also includes acidic substances.

[0041] In this embodiment, the acidic substance may be phosphoric acid and / or humic acid.

[0042] Implementation Case 1

[0043] In a northern region (ambient temperature -5 to 10℃), a patented "central heat source triggering" device was used in a fermentation tank to process a mixture of pig manure and straw. The main body of the device is a vertical cylindrical tank with a diameter of 1.5m and a height of 2.5m. The inner wall is coated with a ≥200μm epoxy resin anti-corrosion coating, and the outer shell is covered with a 50mm polyurethane insulation layer, effectively suppressing heat loss in cold environments. The tank features an innovative "central-annular" double-layer tubular structure: the core heat-generating chamber uses a 316L stainless steel double-layer tubular structure (0.5m in diameter). The inner layer is a quicklime-containing chamber with a sealed feeding port at the top and a welded porous sieve plate (15mm aperture, 40% opening rate) at the bottom; the outer layer is an annular water channel connected to a water inlet at the top and a welded microporous baffle plate (3mm aperture, 40% opening rate) at the bottom to achieve uniform water penetration. The outer wall of the heat release chamber is tightly wrapped with a ventilation sleeve, whose perforated air ducts (5mm diameter) are distributed axially, supplying oxygen to the central area and accelerating heat convection. The annular material layer is 0.5m wide and physically isolated from the central cavity by a fixed porous partition. Material filling relies on four symmetrically distributed top inlets (0.3m diameter), injected by a 3kW screw conveyor, ensuring the straw-cow manure mixture is evenly filled to a height of 2.0m along the annular space. A 0.5m diameter electric gate is installed at the bottom outlet, working in conjunction with the central screen plate to achieve simultaneous gravity discharge of the decomposed material and slaked lime.

[0044] The implementation process is meticulously controlled in four stages: In the pretreatment and filling stage, corn stalks are crushed into 5-10cm pieces and mechanically mixed with cow manure (70% moisture content) to a target moisture content of 65% (in cold northern regions during winter, pretreatment is required to raise the raw material temperature to above 15℃ to prevent low-temperature materials from inhibiting the reaction). The central heat release chamber is pre-filled with quicklime (15% of the total material mass) and 30% rice husks (as a buffer layer and to provide a porous structure) to regulate the reaction rate. The material mixture is continuously injected into the annular layer via a screw conveyor, with the filling density controlled at 0.4-0.6 t / m³ to avoid compaction affecting ventilation. In the heating stage, the PLC controller starts a 0.75kW variable frequency water pump, employing a staged water injection strategy (total water volume is 1.0 times the mass of quicklime). Humic acid (12% of the quicklime mass) is added to the water, initially rapidly injecting water at a flow rate of 0.4 m³ / h to 60% of the total volume, triggering rapid heat release; the remaining 40% of the water volume is maintained through intermittent pulse water injection to stabilize the heat. A temperature sensor (installed 15cm from the sieve plate) monitors in real time: the core area temperature exceeds 55℃ within 10 minutes and reaches a peak of 65℃ within 30 minutes. The ventilation system is activated simultaneously to maintain an oxygen concentration >15% and drive radial heat diffusion, with a temperature gradient difference of <8℃ in the annular layer. During the high-temperature fermentation and dynamic stabilization stage, after the microbial metabolic activity is activated, the PLC system dynamically adjusts the heat release intensity based on temperature feedback: when the core area temperature reaches 68℃, water is automatically stopped to inhibit the reaction; when the temperature drops below 60℃, micro-water injection is restarted (single water replenishment ≤50kg). This stage lasts for more than 18 hours, with the temperature stable in the 60-68℃ range, and moisture evaporates through the top exhaust port. During the product slow release and resource output stage, the generated quicklime and other products are slowly released through the bottom sieve holes over 48 hours, simultaneously penetrating and mixing with the composted material. The bottom electric gate and the central sieve plate work together to achieve simultaneous gravity discharge of the composted material and quicklime and other products. Final product testing showed that the pH value remained stable between 7.5 and 8.2, meeting the standards for organic fertilizers (NY / T 525-2021), and can be directly used for field application. Technical advantages verified: Compared to traditional composting (which requires over 72 hours to start in cold regions), this device shortens the start-up time to within 30 minutes through a central heat source structure. Combined with insulation design, the heat loss rate at -5℃ is controlled below 30%. The slow-release slaked lime + acidic substance adjustment mechanism avoids local pH imbalance, and the unit processing energy consumption is reduced by approximately 80% compared to electric heating solutions.

[0045] Implementation Case 2

[0046] Fermentation of corn stalks (using urea as the nitrogen source) was conducted at -25 to -10℃ using a 2m diameter, 3m high tank with an 80mm insulation layer (λ≤0.035 W / (m·K)) and a 0.6m diameter central heat release chamber. Pre-treated material (approximately 60% moisture content) was injected through four top inlets via a screw conveyor, reaching a filling height of 2.2m. The central heat release chamber was pre-filled with lumpy quicklime at 20% of the material mass, and 30% rice husk was mixed in to slow the reaction rate. A PLC-controlled water pump was activated to inject water (0.8 times the mass of the quicklime). Within 10 minutes of reaction initiation, the core temperature exceeded 50℃, reaching 65℃ within 40 minutes. The high-temperature fermentation stage lasted for over 24 hours, with the temperature stabilizing between 60-65℃, and the ventilation system maintaining an oxygen concentration >15%. The generated hydrated lime was slowly released through bottom sieves, uniformly adjusting the material pH to 7.5-8.5. After the product was discharged, the test showed that the organic matter content was >45%, the total nutrients met the standards for organic fertilizer, and the fermentation cycle was shortened by more than 50% compared with the traditional method.

[0047] Implementation Case 3

[0048] Poultry and livestock manure (pretreated, moisture content approximately 55%) was treated in a low-temperature environment ranging from -15°C to 0°C using a tank with a diameter of 2m and a height of 3m, and a 50mm insulation layer (λ≤0.035 W / (m·K)). The central heat release chamber had a diameter of 0.6m and a filling height of 2.2m. Quicklime was added at 20% of the material mass, and the water injection rate was dynamically adjusted using a variable frequency water pump. The added water mass was 1.0 times the quicklime mass, and 8% of the quicklime mass of phosphoric acid + humic acid (ratio 1:2) was added as an acidity regulator. Results showed that the core area of ​​the material broke through the low-temperature bottleneck and reached 54°C within 5 minutes, and reached the optimal microbial activity range (60-65°C) within 20 minutes. After continuous fermentation for more than 18 hours, the product moisture content decreased to below 45%, and the slow-release effect of the acidic substances and quicklime stabilized the pH at 7.6-8.2. The pathogen inactivation rate was >90%, and the unit treatment cost was reduced by more than 60% compared to traditional steam heating. Compared to traditional natural composting (which cannot enter the high-temperature period at low temperatures), this device successfully achieves full composting of a single batch within 36 hours in an environment above -10℃, breaking through the seasonal limitations of organic solid waste treatment in high-altitude and cold regions.

[0049] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid start-up fermentation device for organic solid waste triggered by a central exothermic source, characterized in that, The device includes an insulating shell (1) and a double-layered tubular structure inserted inside the insulating shell (1). The insulating shell (1) contains fermentable material (2). The double-layered tubular structure includes an inner layer (18) and an outer layer (16). The inner layer (18) is a variable-diameter columnar structure filled with quicklime material, including a thin end and a thick end. The outer layer (16) is a columnar structure that stores water. The outer layer (16) is fitted onto the thin end of the inner layer (18). One end of the outer layer (16) is in close contact with the platform formed by the transition between the thick end and the thin end of the inner layer (18). The part of the outer layer (16) in close contact with the platform has a microporous partition (3).

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The double-layer tubular structure is wrapped with a ventilation sleeve (15). One end of the ventilation sleeve (15) is connected to an external air pump, and the other end has a vent hole (17). A cylindrical porous partition (14) is provided on the outside of the ventilation sleeve (15). The gas provided by the air pump enters the material to be fermented through the vent hole (17) of the ventilation sleeve (15) and the opening of the porous partition (14).

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the coarse end of the inner layer (18) is a porous sieve plate (4).

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer layer (16) is connected to an external water pump.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the heat-insulating shell (1) is provided with a vent plate (5), and a ventilation cavity (6) is formed between the vent plate (5) and the heat-insulating shell (1). The heat-insulating shell (1) is provided with a plurality of drain outlets (20) and ventilation outlets (7) that communicate with the ventilation cavity (6).

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulation shell (1) is made of insulation material with a thermal conductivity of not more than 0.035 W / (m·K), and the inner wall is coated with an anti-corrosion resin coating of not less than 200μm.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the outer layer (16) or inner layer (18) of the double-layer tubular structure is 25-40% of the diameter of the heat-insulating shell (1), and the length of the inner layer (18) is 50-70% of the tank body.

8. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The porous sieve plate (4) has a pore diameter of 5~15mm and an opening rate of 30~50%, and the microporous partition plate (3) has a pore diameter of 3~5mm and an opening rate of 30~50%.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of quicklime material added in the inner layer (18) is 8 to 20 wt% of the material to be fermented (2), and the inner layer (18) also includes porous biomass accounting for 25 to 50% of the volume of quicklime material.

10. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The total mass of water added to the outer layer (16) is 0.6-1.0 times the mass of quicklime, and the water in the outer layer (16) also includes acidic substances.

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