Composite enhanced armor-piercing bullet and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite enhanced armor-piercing bullet and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of armor-piercing bullets. The composite enhanced armor-penetrating bullet comprises an armor and a bullet core, the bullet core and the armor are coaxially arranged, the bullet core is wrapped in the armor, an enhancement layer is arranged in a cavity gap between the bullet core and the armor, the outer side face of the enhancement layer is connected with the armor, and the inner side face of the enhancement layer is connected with the bullet core; the reinforcing layer comprises transverse plates and vertical plates, reinforcing bodies are arranged at the junctions of the transverse plates and the vertical plates, and the sizes of the reinforcing bodies are distributed in a stepped mode in the axial direction of the armor. By the adoption of the composite enhanced armor-piercing bullet and the preparation method thereof, the problems that the impact force per unit area is reduced, the penetration capacity is reduced and the killing performance is insufficient due to radial expansion of an existing bullet can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of armor-piercing projectile technology, and in particular to a composite reinforced armor-piercing projectile and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] As a key weapon in anti-armor warfare, armor-piercing bullets directly affect combat effectiveness. With the continuous development of armor technology, the protective capabilities of various armored targets (such as tanks, armored vehicles, and fortified defenses) have been continuously enhanced, and traditional armor-piercing bullets have gradually revealed many shortcomings in actual combat.

[0003] Current armor-piercing bullet designs largely rely on high-density, high-strength materials (tungsten alloy, density 17-18). High-strength steel has a density of 7.8. The penetration achieved by kinetic energy, based on a "hard-on-hard" impact damage mechanism, has the following technical drawbacks: The deformation mode is unreasonable: When a traditional homogeneous projectile core is impacted, it undergoes radial expansion (Poisson's ratio ≈ 0.3), which increases the contact area between the projectile and the target plate, reduces the impact force per unit area, and consumes about 30% to 40% of the kinetic energy in frictional heat generation. Low energy utilization: During the impact process, more than 50% of the energy is dissipated through elastic wave reflection and material plastic deformation, and is not effectively converted into penetration energy; Limited aftereffect damage: The number of fragments formed after penetrating the target is small and the distribution range is narrow, resulting in insufficient damage to internal equipment and personnel.

[0004] Existing patent 202210026847.1 discloses an anti-ceramic composite armor bullet. By creating a gap between the front-stage and rear-stage bullet cores, or by placing a soft filler in the gap, the impact compression wave in the front-stage bullet core is attenuated, reducing its impact on the rear-stage bullet core. This reduces the bullet's fragmentation and maintains high penetration capability. Furthermore, the ceramic panel shatters under the action of the front-stage bullet core, significantly reducing its ballistic resistance. This achieves the technical effect of reducing the fragmentation of the main penetrating bullet core, minimizing the energy absorption effect of the backplate, and improving the bullet's penetration capability against ceramic composite armor and its damage capability against targets behind the target. While this patent improves the bullet's penetration capability by filling it with a soft filler, the bullet still undergoes radial expansion during longitudinal deformation, resulting in a decrease in impact force per unit area, fewer fragments after bullet breakage, and insufficient lethality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a composite reinforced armor-piercing bullet and its preparation method, which solves the problems of reduced impact force per unit area, reduced penetration ability, and insufficient lethality caused by radial expansion of existing bullets.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a composite reinforced armor-piercing bullet, comprising a jacket and a bullet core, wherein the bullet core is coaxially arranged with the jacket and is encased inside the jacket, and a reinforcing layer is disposed in the cavity between the bullet core and the jacket, wherein the outer side of the reinforcing layer is connected to the jacket and the inner side of the reinforcing layer is connected to the bullet core; the reinforcing layer comprises a horizontal plate and a vertical plate, wherein a reinforcing body is disposed at the junction of the horizontal plate and the vertical plate, and the size of the reinforcing body is stepped along the axial direction of the jacket.

[0007] Preferably, the bottom of the projectile core contacts the bottom of the jacket, a cavity is provided between the sidewall and top of the projectile core and the jacket, and a reinforcing layer is provided on the sidewall and top of the projectile core.

[0008] Preferably, the horizontal plate and the vertical plate are arranged perpendicularly, the thickness of the horizontal plate and the vertical plate is 0.1mm-0.2mm, and the horizontal plate, the vertical plate and the reinforcement are integrally formed.

[0009] Preferably, the size of the reinforcement is 1.5mm-3mm, and the size of the reinforcement gradually increases from the bottom to the top along the axial direction of the jacket.

[0010] Preferably, the reinforcement has a cavity in the middle, upper deformable bodies are provided on both sides of the upper part of the reinforcement, and lower deformable bodies are provided on both sides of the lower part of the reinforcement. The groove at the connection between the upper deformable body and the lower deformable body is connected to the horizontal plate, and the groove at the connection between the upper deformable bodies and the connection between the lower deformable bodies are both connected to the vertical plate.

[0011] Preferably, the included angle between the upper deformable body and the lower deformable body is an acute angle, and the included angle between the outer surface of the upper deformable body and the lower deformable body and the horizontal plate is between 50° and 70°.

[0012] Preferably, the bullet has a projectile section at its top and a tail section at its bottom, with a middle section between the projectile section and the tail section. The length of the projectile section is 25%-35% of the bullet length, and the length of the tail section is 25%-35% of the bullet length. The porosity of the projectile section is 25%-30%, and the Poisson's ratio is -1.5 to -2.0. The porosity of the middle section is 15%-20%, and the Poisson's ratio is -1.0 to -1.5. The porosity of the tail section is 5%-10%, and the Poisson's ratio is -0.5 to -1.0.

[0013] Preferably, the jacket is a sealed shell made of brass with a thickness of 0.8-1.2 mm; the reinforcing layer is a tungsten-based composite material; and the core is a solid tungsten alloy with a core volume of 0.5 cm³. 3 -0.6cm 3 The density is not less than 17.8. .

[0014] The preparation method of the above-mentioned composite reinforced armor-piercing bullet includes the following steps: S1. Prepare the outer jacket and the core; S2. The reinforcing layer is formed by laser selective melting and then subjected to hot isostatic pressing. S3. Diffusion welding is used to weld the core and the reinforcing layer together. S4. The jacket and the reinforcing layer are press-fitted together and then laser-sealed.

[0015] Preferably, in step S2, the laser power of the laser selective melting forming method is 250W-300W, and the scanning speed is 600. -900 The layer thickness is 20-40 μm, and the protective atmosphere is high-purity argon; the hot isostatic pressing temperature is 1150℃, the pressure is 150 MPa, and the holding time is 2 hours; in step S3, the diffusion welding temperature is 1050℃, and the pressure is 30 MPa; in step S4, the interference fit tolerance is... .

[0016] The advantages and positive effects of the composite reinforced armor-piercing bullet and its preparation method described in this invention are as follows: 1. The design of the reinforcing structure of this invention causes the bullet to contract radially when it is axially compressed. Through the stepped distribution of the reinforcing structure, the centripetal concentration of material and energy continues to contract and gather towards the axis as the coupling deformation continues. This concentrates the dispersed material of the reinforcing layer and the absorbed impact energy around the bullet core at the axis, thereby improving the bullet's penetration performance.

[0017] 2. The reinforcing layer of this invention is designed so that it breaks under continuous impact and deformation, releasing the accumulated energy to produce 100-150 effective fragments, thereby improving the ability to withstand secondary damage.

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section structure of an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section structure of an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a front view structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 For the appendix Figure 1 Enlarged view of a portion of the image; Figure 7 For the appendix Figure 2 Enlarged view of a portion of the image; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the reinforcement layer according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a front view schematic diagram of the reinforcement layer structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the reinforcement structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the core structure of the projectile according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12 This is an experimental penetration diagram of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure Labels 1. Jacket; 2. Reinforcing layer; 3. Core; 4. Grip groove; 5. Projectile section; 6. Midsection; 7. Tail section; 8. Horizontal plate; 9. Vertical plate; 10. Reinforcing body; 11. Cavity; 12. Upper deformable body; 13. Lower deformable body. Detailed Implementation

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product is in use. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0022] In this application, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. In case of any inconsistency, the meaning set forth in this specification or derived from the content described herein shall prevail. Furthermore, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this application only and is not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0023] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 11 As shown, a composite reinforced armor-piercing bullet includes a jacket 1 and a core 3. The core 3 is coaxially arranged with the jacket 1 and is enclosed inside the jacket 1. A sealing groove 4 for assembly with a cartridge case is provided at the lower part of the jacket 1. A reinforcing layer 2 is disposed within the cavity between the core 3 and the jacket 1. The outer surface of the reinforcing layer 2 is connected to the jacket 1, and the inner surface of the reinforcing layer 2 is connected to the core 3. The bottom of the core 3 contacts the bottom of the jacket 1, and cavities are provided between the sidewalls and top of the core 3 and the jacket 1. The reinforcing layer 2 is disposed on the sidewalls and top of the core 3.

[0025] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown, the reinforcing layer 2 includes a horizontal plate 8 and a vertical plate 9, which are perpendicular to each other. The thickness of the horizontal plate 8 and the vertical plate 9 is 0.1mm-0.2mm. A reinforcing body 10 is provided at the junction of the horizontal plate 8 and the vertical plate 9, and the reinforcing body 10 extends continuously along the length of the horizontal plate 8. The dimensions of the reinforcing body 10 are stepped along the axial direction of the jacket 1. The horizontal plate 8, the vertical plate 9, and the reinforcing body 10 are integrally formed. The dimensions of the reinforcing body 10 are 1.5mm-3mm, and the dimensions of the reinforcing body 10 gradually increase from the bottom to the top along the axial direction of the jacket 1.

[0026] like Figure 10 As shown, a cavity 11 is provided in the middle of the reinforcing body 10, and two upper deformable bodies 12 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the upper part of the reinforcing body 10. Lower deformable bodies 13 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lower part of the reinforcing body 10. The groove at the connection between the upper deformable bodies 12 and the lower deformable bodies 13 are connected to the horizontal plate 8, and the groove at the connection between the upper deformable bodies 12 and the connection between the lower deformable bodies 13 are both connected to the vertical plate 9. The included angle between the upper deformable bodies 12 and the lower deformable bodies 13 is an acute angle, and the included angle between the outer surface of the upper deformable bodies 12 and the lower deformable bodies 13 and the horizontal plate is between 50° and 70°.

[0027] When a conventional bullet is compressed axially, its sidewalls expand outwards, causing the overall structure to expand radially. This invention, by adjusting the edge angles and node connections of the reinforcing body 10, alters the deformation direction under stress. When the reinforcing body 10 is subjected to an axial impact load along the bullet's flight direction, its length along the impact direction (axial direction) shortens due to edge rotation, directly manifesting as axial compression. Under this axial impact load, the upwardly deformable body 12 and the downwardly deformable body 13 of the reinforcing body 10 rotate inwards around their connection point with the horizontal plate 8, causing the side surface of the reinforcing body 10 (perpendicular to the axial direction) to contract towards the axis. This results in the entire reinforcing layer 2 exhibiting radial contraction, breaking the conventional deformation pattern of "axial compression, radial expansion" and creating a continuously enhanced "focused penetration effect," thus improving the bullet's penetration performance.

[0028] The bullet has a projectile section 5 at its top and a tail section 7 at its bottom, with the section between the projectile section 5 and the tail section 7 forming a middle section. The length of the projectile section 5 is 25%-35% of the bullet length, and the length of the tail section 7 is also 25%-35% of the bullet length. In this embodiment, the projectile section 5 is 30% of the bullet length, the middle section 6 is 40% of the bullet length, and the tail section 7 is 30% of the bullet length. The porosity of the projectile section 5 is 25%-30%, and its Poisson's ratio is -1.5 to -2.0. The porosity of the middle section 6 is 15%-20%, and its Poisson's ratio is -1.0 to -1.5. The porosity of the tail section 7 is 5%-10%, and its Poisson's ratio is -0.5 to -1.0.

[0029] The warhead section 5 is the area where the reinforcing layer 2 first comes into contact with the impact load. Its high porosity allows the reinforcing layer 2 to have greater deformation space. Upon initial impact, the reinforcing body 10 can quickly complete the initiation deformation of axial compression and radial contraction. Simultaneously, it absorbs some impact energy through the squeezing deformation of the pores, preventing the instantaneous load from being directly transferred to the middle section 6 / tail section 7, thus avoiding structural overload. The porosity of the middle section 6 is between that of the warhead section 5 and the tail section 7, and the deformation amplitude of its reinforcing body 10 is also at an intermediate level. It can serve as a transition layer, smoothly transferring the deformation rhythm of the warhead section 5 to the tail section 7, avoiding abrupt deformation due to excessive porosity differences at both ends, which could cause the warhead section 5 to contract too quickly and the tail section 7 to contract lagging behind, leading to structural distortion. The tail section 7 has the lowest porosity, while the reinforcement 10 has a higher density and a more compact structure. During axial compression, although the deformation is smaller than that of the projectile section 5, it provides rigid support to prevent the entire structural layer from collapsing due to excessive radial contraction. At the same time, through continuous small-amplitude radial contraction, it provides a stable centripetal constraint force for the projectile core 3, ensuring that radial contraction is not interrupted during axial compression. The gradient design of the bullet structure ensures that the attitude deflection angle of the projectile core 3 is ≤3° during impact.

[0030] The jacket 1 is a sealed shell made of brass with a thickness of 0.8mm-1.2mm. The reinforcing layer 2 is a tungsten-based composite material, made by selective laser melting of W-TiC powder, with TiC particle size of 50nm-100nm and a content of 5%. -8 Preferably 5 Using a speed of 300 The mixture is homogenized by high-energy ball milling for 4 hours. TiC nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed in the tungsten matrix, enhancing the overall compressive strength of the material through particle reinforcement. The core 3 is a solid tungsten alloy, forged from a W-7Ni-3Fe-1Co alloy. The core 3 has a volume of 0.5 cm³. 3 -0.6cm 3 The density of core 3 is not less than 17.8. .

[0031] When the bullet was at 600 -1000 When the bullet impacts the target, the impact load is first transferred to the reinforcing layer 2 through the outer jacket 1. The load transfer between the jacket 1 and the intermediate layer occurs when the bullet impacts the target. The outer brass jacket 1 first contacts the target plate, providing initial penetration support with its high strength, and rapidly transfers the impact load to the reinforcing layer 2. At this point, the reinforcing layer 2 immediately initiates a coupled deformation of "axial compression-radial contraction," beginning to accumulate material towards the axis of the bullet (the central region where the penetration tip is located). As the coupling deformation continues, the tungsten-based composite material of the reinforcing layer 2 continuously contracts and gathers towards the axis, concentrating the dispersed material and absorbed impact energy of the reinforcing layer 2 around the projectile core 3 at the axis. The tungsten-based composite material moves closer to the axis, significantly increasing the material density in the penetration tip region. The impact energy absorbed during the coupling deformation process is locked in the axial region and converted into penetration kinetic energy. With the support of the "material-energy concentration" of the reinforcing layer 2, the ultra-high pressure penetration tip and the high-density solid projectile core 3 at the continuous thrust axis form an ultra-high pressure penetration tip. The ultra-high pressure tip can easily penetrate the surface protection of the target plate, significantly increasing the penetration depth. Furthermore, the low porosity structure of the tail section 7 of the reinforcing layer 2 can provide a continuous backward thrust for the projectile core 3, avoiding the attenuation of penetration force due to energy dissipation during penetration, ensuring high-intensity penetration throughout the entire process of penetrating the target plate, increasing the impact force per unit area by 40%-60% compared to traditional bullets, and improving penetration performance. At a distance of 1000m, the penetration depth against 60mm homogeneous steel armor reaches 92mm-105mm, which is 35%-50% higher than that of traditional tungsten alloy bullets. The energy absorption efficiency reaches 65%-70% at a high strain rate of 104s-1.

[0032] After the projectile core 3 penetrates the target plate, the reinforcing layer 2 breaks apart under continuous impact and deformation, releasing its accumulated energy and producing 100-150 effective fragments (0.5-2 mm in diameter). These fragments have a high kinetic energy density due to the initial energy accumulation, reaching 80-100 kJ / m². It can cause effective secondary damage to electronic equipment and personnel, expanding the damage range behind the target (2.3-2.8 times that of traditional munitions).

[0033] Figure 12 The bullet of this invention is in 612 The experimental results for a 60mm thick 2A12 aluminum target show that the penetration depth reached approximately 27mm. Figure 13 This is a cross-sectional view of the bullet of the present invention.

[0034] The bullets described in this invention exhibit performance fluctuations of ≤5% in high and low temperature environments (-40℃ to +60℃). Their storage life reaches over 15 years.

[0035] The preparation method of the above-mentioned composite reinforced armor-piercing bullet includes the following steps: S1. Preparation of the outer jacket 1 and the core 3. The outer jacket 1 is forged from brass and then machined into a seamless tube blank. The core 3 is a W-7Ni-3Fe-1Co alloy, forged to a density ≥17.8. .

[0036] S2. The reinforcing layer 2 is formed using a laser selective melting method, and then subjected to hot isostatic pressing. The laser power of the laser selective melting method is 250W-300W, and the scanning speed is 600. -900 The layer thickness is 20-40 μm, and the protective atmosphere is high-purity argon. The hot isostatic pressing temperature is 1150℃, the pressure is 150 MPa, and the holding time is 2 hours.

[0037] S3. Diffusion welding is used to weld the core 3 and the reinforcing layer 2. The temperature of diffusion welding is 1050℃ and the pressure is 30MPa.

[0038] S4. The jacket 1 and the reinforcing layer 2 are subjected to an interference fit, with a tolerance of H7 / u6. Finally, the jacket 1 is laser-sealed.

[0039] Therefore, the composite enhanced armor-piercing bullet and its preparation method described in this invention can solve the problems of reduced impact force per unit area, reduced penetration ability, and insufficient lethality caused by radial expansion of existing bullets.

[0040] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite reinforced armor-piercing bullet, comprising a jacket and a core, characterized in that: The projectile core and the jacket are coaxially arranged and the projectile core is encased inside the jacket. A reinforcing layer is provided in the cavity between the projectile core and the jacket. The outer side of the reinforcing layer is connected to the jacket, and the inner side of the reinforcing layer is connected to the projectile core. The reinforcing layer includes horizontal plates and vertical plates. A reinforcing body is provided at the junction of the horizontal plates and the vertical plates. The size of the reinforcing body is stepped along the axial direction of the jacket.

2. The composite reinforced armor-piercing bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the projectile core contacts the bottom of the jacket, and cavities are provided between the sidewalls and top of the projectile core and the jacket. A reinforcing layer is provided on the sidewalls and top of the projectile core.

3. The composite reinforced armor-piercing bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal and vertical plates are arranged perpendicularly, and the thickness of the horizontal and vertical plates is 0.1mm-0.2mm. The horizontal plate, vertical plate and reinforcement are integrally formed.

4. The composite reinforced armor-piercing bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reinforcement has a size of 1.5mm-3mm, and the size of the reinforcement gradually increases from the bottom to the top along the axial direction of the jacket.

5. A composite reinforced armor-piercing bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reinforcement has a cavity in the middle, upper deformable bodies are provided on both sides of the upper part of the reinforcement, and lower deformable bodies are provided on both sides of the lower part of the reinforcement. The groove at the connection between the upper deformable body and the lower deformable body is connected to the horizontal plate, and the groove at the connection between the upper deformable bodies and the connection between the lower deformable bodies are both connected to the vertical plate.

6. A composite reinforced armor-piercing bullet according to claim 5, characterized in that: The included angle between the upper deformable body and the lower deformable body is an acute angle, and the included angle between the outer surface of the upper deformable body and the horizontal plate is between 50° and 70°.

7. A composite reinforced armor-piercing bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bullet has a projectile section at its top and a tail section at its bottom, with a middle section between the projectile section and the tail section. The length of the projectile section is 25%-35% of the bullet length, and the length of the tail section is 25%-35% of the bullet length. The porosity of the projectile section is 25%-30%, and the Poisson's ratio is -1.5 to -2.

0. The porosity of the middle section is 15%-20%, and the Poisson's ratio is -1.0 to -1.

5. The porosity of the tail section is 5%-10%, and the Poisson's ratio is -0.5 to -1.

0.

8. A composite reinforced armor-piercing bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The jacket is a sealed shell made of brass with a thickness of 0.8-1.2 mm; the reinforcing layer is a tungsten-based composite material; the core is a solid tungsten alloy with a core volume of 0.5 cm³. 3 -0.6cm 3 The density of the projectile core is not less than 17.

8. .

9. A method for preparing a composite reinforced armor-piercing bullet according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Prepare the outer jacket and the core; S2. The reinforcing layer is formed by laser selective melting and then subjected to hot isostatic pressing. S3. Diffusion welding is used to weld the core and the reinforcing layer together. S4. The jacket and the reinforcing layer are press-fitted together and then laser-sealed.

10. The method for preparing a composite reinforced armor-piercing bullet according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S2, the laser power of the laser selective melting forming method is 250W-300W, and the scanning speed is 600. -900 The layer thickness is 20-40 μm, and the protective atmosphere is high-purity argon; the hot isostatic pressing temperature is 1150℃, the pressure is 150 MPa, and the holding time is 2 hours; in step S3, the diffusion welding temperature is 1050℃, and the pressure is 30 MPa; in step S4, the interference fit tolerance is... .

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