Field swing type fertilizer distributor

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and discloses a field swing type fertilizer distributor which comprises a rack, a fertilizer box, a discharging mechanism, a swing mechanism and a soil raking mechanism, a suspension support lug and a bracket assembly are arranged at the front part of the rack and are used for connecting a three-point suspension system of a tractor; the side wall of the fertilizer box is inclined to prevent bridging, the discharging mechanism comprises a double-hole-plate valve to adjust the fertilizer discharging amount in a stepless mode, and protrusions are arranged on the inner wall of the swing pipe to prevent blocking. The swing mechanism converts spline shaft rotation into sliding block reciprocating motion through a crank connecting rod, and a swing pipe is driven to swing in an arc shape to spread fertilizer. The raking mechanism drives a winding roller to wind and unwind a steel wire rope through a motor, and the height of a raker is adjusted to achieve synchronous soil covering. The problems that traditional equipment is uneven in fertilizer spreading, prone to blockage and nutrient loss are solved, the structure is simple, operation is convenient and fast, adaptability is high, and the fertilization efficiency and precision are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, specifically to a large-field swing-type fertilizer spreader. Background Technology

[0002] Agricultural mechanization is the core support for the large-scale and efficient development of modern agriculture. Fertilizer application, as a crucial link in crop growth, directly impacts crop yield, soil fertility, and the ecological environment through its efficiency and precision. With the expansion of agricultural planting areas and the promotion of precision agriculture concepts in my country, traditional manual fertilization, due to its high labor intensity, uneven application, and significant nutrient waste, is gradually being replaced by mechanical fertilization. Fertilizer spreaders have become indispensable equipment in agricultural production. Currently, mainstream fertilizer spreaders mainly include centrifugal, roller, and oscillating tube types. Although they achieve mechanized fertilization, they still have many technical shortcomings in actual field operations, making it difficult to meet the demands for efficient and precise fertilization.

[0003] Existing fertilizer spreaders generally face problems of poor fertilizer distribution uniformity and insufficient anti-clogging capabilities. On the one hand, centrifugal fertilizer spreaders rely on high-speed rotating discs to spread fertilizer, which is prone to uneven distribution due to disc speed fluctuations and differences in fertilizer particle size, resulting in localized over- or under-fertilization, reducing fertilizer utilization and causing environmental problems. Roller fertilizer spreaders, on the other hand, have fixed feeding gaps, making it impossible to steplessly adjust the amount of fertilizer applied according to crop variety and soil fertility, thus limiting fertilization precision. On the other hand, solid granular fertilizers (especially moist or irregular compound fertilizers) are prone to bridging in the hopper due to unreasonable side wall angle design, leading to feeding interruptions; fertilizer easily adheres to the inner walls of the discharge port and other conveying components, causing blockages after long-term operation, requiring frequent manual cleaning, which seriously affects the continuity and efficiency of operation.

[0004] Furthermore, existing fertilizer spreaders lack simultaneous soil covering functionality. After fertilizer granules are spread, they remain exposed on the soil surface, where nitrogen, phosphorus, and other available nutrients are easily volatilized or lost under the influence of sunlight, wind, and rain, resulting in a nutrient utilization rate of only 30%-40%. This increases agricultural costs and exacerbates ecological pollution. If subsequent separate soil covering is required, it further increases operational procedures and time costs. Simultaneously, some fertilizer spreaders have poor compatibility with tractor three-point suspension systems, are complex to install and debug, and have unreasonable power transmission path designs, resulting in high energy loss and affecting the stability of operating parameters, making them unsuitable for diverse field operating environments. These shortcomings hinder the development of precision fertilization. Therefore, developing a fertilizer spreader that combines uniform fertilization, anti-clogging, simultaneous soil covering, and convenient operation is key to solving current technical pain points and meeting the needs of modern agriculture. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing fertilizer spreaders in terms of fertilizer spreading uniformity, anti-clogging performance, and simultaneous soil covering function, providing a fertilizer spreader with a simple structure and convenient operation. By optimizing the overall structural design, power transmission path, and the functional implementation of key components, this fertilizer spreader solves the technical problems of low work efficiency and insufficient fertilization precision caused by fertilizer bridging, adhesion and clogging, and nutrient volatilization loss in traditional equipment.

[0006] This invention provides a field swing-type fertilizer spreader, comprising a frame, a fertilizer bin, a discharge mechanism, a swing mechanism, and a raking mechanism, wherein: The frame serves as the supporting structure for the entire machine. Its front section is equipped with a suspension lug and bracket assembly for connection to the tractor's three-point suspension system, enabling traction and power transmission. The fertilizer bin is located above the frame, with an openable and closable top cover for easy fertilizer filling. Its side walls are designed at a certain angle to prevent fertilizer bridging within the bin and ensure smooth feeding during continuous operation. The discharge mechanism, located at the bottom of the fertilizer bin, consists of a valve, connecting pipe, and swing pipe, used to transport fertilizer from the bin to the soil surface. The swing mechanism drives a slider to reciprocate linearly via a crank-connecting rod structure, which in turn drives the swing pipe in the discharge mechanism to complete a left-right arc-shaped swing motion. The raking mechanism is installed at the rear of the frame, using a motor-driven winding roller to control the winding and unwinding of the wire rope, thereby adjusting the height of the raker for soil covering operations.

[0007] Furthermore, the power transmission path specifically includes a universal joint drive shaft, a shaft tube, a splined shaft, and related components. Power is input from the tractor's power take-off shaft to the fertilizer spreader via the universal joint drive shaft, and then transmitted sequentially through the shaft tube to the splined shaft, causing the splined shaft to rotate. A crank is fixed to the end of the splined shaft, and the rotational motion of the crank is converted into the reciprocating linear motion of a slider via a connecting rod. The slider is mounted in a guide rail and is restrained by a stop to prevent it from derailing. The entire transmission mechanism is mounted on a fixed plate, ultimately converting the rotational motion into the reciprocating translational motion required to drive the discharge mechanism.

[0008] Specifically, the fertilizer supply and spreading process involves the design of valves and the specific implementation of the anti-clogging device inside the oscillating pipe. The valve at the bottom of the fertilizer tank consists of two orifice plates. The relative angle between the two orifice plates can be adjusted manually or mechanically to change the overlap of the orifices, thereby achieving stepless adjustment of the fertilizer amount. Under the action of gravity, the fertilizer enters the connecting pipe through the valve and then flows into the oscillating pipe. The oscillating pipe is rigidly connected to the slider of the oscillating mechanism. When the slider moves back and forth linearly along the guide rail, it drives the oscillating pipe and its discharge port at the end to oscillate left and right in an arc. During this process, the fertilizer is evenly dispersed inside the oscillating pipe and, under the combined action of centrifugal force and oscillation inertia, is scattered onto the soil surface from the discharge port. To prevent wet fertilizer from adhering to or clogging the inner wall of the oscillating pipe, the inner wall of the oscillating pipe is provided with a protruding structure as an anti-clogging device. These protrusions scrape and break arches on the inner wall during the oscillation of the oscillating pipe, effectively avoiding the occurrence of clogging problems.

[0009] Furthermore, the soil raking and covering process is achieved through a raking mechanism, which includes a U-shaped frame, steel wire rope, a winding roller, a motor, and a belt drive system. The raker is mounted on the lower part of the U-shaped frame, which is connected to the winding roller mounted on the frame via the steel wire rope. The motor drives the winding roller to rotate through a belt drive system consisting of a small pulley, a large pulley, and a connecting belt, thereby controlling the winding and unwinding of the steel wire rope and achieving the raising and lowering of the raker. A tensioner is installed in the steel wire rope path to maintain the tension of the steel wire rope, ensuring smooth and reliable raising and lowering of the raker. During operation, after spreading fertilizer, the operator starts the motor and lowers the raker. As the tractor pulls the fertilizer spreader forward, the raker scoops up the surface soil and evenly covers the fertilizer, completing the soil covering operation.

[0010] In particular, the technical solution of this invention achieves several innovations by optimizing the connection relationship and interaction between various components. First, the valve adopts a double-hole plate design and achieves stepless adjustment of fertilizer application by adjusting the overlap of the holes, improving the uniformity and accuracy of fertilizer application. Second, the swing mechanism converts rotational motion into reciprocating linear motion through a crank-connecting rod structure, and then drives the swing tube to swing in an arc shape through a slider, so that the fertilizer can be evenly spread to the soil surface. Third, an anti-clogging device is set on the inner wall of the swing tube, and the raised structure scrapes the wall and breaks the arch during the swing, solving the problem of wet fertilizer adhesion or blockage. Fourth, the raking mechanism controls the winding and unwinding of the wire rope by driving the winding roller with a motor, thereby adjusting the height of the raking device and realizing the synchronous completion of fertilizer spreading and soil covering operations.

[0011] Furthermore, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: by optimizing the valve design and the swing mechanism, the uniformity of fertilizer spreading and the fertilization efficiency are significantly improved; by designing an anti-clogging device inside the swing pipe, the problem of wet fertilizer adhesion or blockage is solved, ensuring the reliability of the equipment under complex working conditions; by designing the soil-raking mechanism, the simultaneous completion of fertilizer spreading and soil covering operations is achieved, reducing nutrient volatilization loss; and by designing a compact and reasonable overall structure, it is easy to use with tractors, has strong adaptability, and is suitable for various farmland operating environments.

[0012] In summary, this invention provides a fertilizer spreader that is simple in structure, easy to operate, provides uniform fertilization, and has a simultaneous soil covering function. The fertilizer spreader overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies through specific technical implementation methods, meeting the needs of modern agriculture for efficient and precise fertilization. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the waste bin in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom cross-section of the fertilizer box in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the valve and the oscillating pipe in this invention; Figure 5 This is a side view of the swing mechanism in this invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the swing mechanism in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the soil-raking mechanism in this invention.

[0014] The components include: 1. Frame; 2. Fertilizer bin; 3. Top cover; 4. Discharge mechanism; 401. Valve; 402. Discharge port; 403. Connecting pipe; 404. Swing pipe; 5. Swing mechanism; 501. Fixed plate; 502. Crank; 503. Connecting rod; 504. Stop block; 505. Splined shaft; 506. Bushing; 507. Shaft tube; 508. Universal joint drive shaft; 509. Slider; 6. Suspension support; 7. Bracket assembly; 8. Scraping mechanism; 801. Winding roller; 802. Tensioner; 803. U-shaped frame; 804. Steel wire rope; 805. Motor; 806. Small pulley; 807. Large pulley; 808. Connecting belt; 809. Scraper. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] refer to Figures 1-7 The core components of a field oscillating fertilizer spreader include a frame 1, a fertilizer bin 2, a discharge mechanism 4, an oscillating mechanism 5, and a raking mechanism 8. These components, through rational design and connection, achieve uniform fertilizer spreading and simultaneous soil covering. The frame 1 serves as the supporting structure for the entire machine, with a suspension lug 6 and a bracket assembly 7 at its front for connection to the tractor's three-point suspension system. This design allows the machine to be powered by the tractor's power take-off shaft and moved by traction during operation. The fertilizer bin 2 is located above the frame 1, with an openable and closable top cover 3 for easy fertilizer filling. The side walls of the fertilizer bin 2 are designed with a large inclination angle to effectively prevent fertilizer bridging within the bin, thus ensuring smooth feeding during continuous operation.

[0017] The power transmission path is one of the key technical features of this fertilizer spreader. Power is input from the tractor's power take-off shaft through a universal joint drive shaft 508 to the inside of the fertilizer spreader, and then sequentially transmitted through a shaft tube 507 to a splined shaft 505, the outer diameter of which is fitted with a bushing 506. A crank 502 is fixed to the end of the splined shaft 505, and the rotational motion of the crank 502 is converted into the reciprocating linear motion of the slider 509 through a connecting rod 503. The slider 509 is mounted in a guide rail and is restricted by a stop block 504 to prevent it from derailing. The entire transmission mechanism is mounted on a fixed plate 501, ultimately converting the rotational motion into the reciprocating translational motion required to drive the discharge mechanism 4. The above power transmission path design is compact and efficient, reducing energy loss while ensuring stable power transmission.

[0018] The fertilizer supply and spreading process is one of the core functions of this fertilizer spreader. A valve 401 is installed at the bottom of the fertilizer tank 2. This valve 401 consists of two orifice plates. The relative angle between the two orifice plates can be adjusted manually or mechanically to change the overlap of the orifices, thus achieving stepless adjustment of the fertilizer application rate. This design allows for precise control of the fertilizer application rate according to actual needs, thereby improving the uniformity and accuracy of fertilization. Under the action of gravity, the fertilizer enters the connecting pipe 403 through the valve 401, and then flows into the swing pipe 404. The swing pipe 404 is rigidly connected to the slider 509 of the swing mechanism 5. When the slider 509 reciprocates linearly along the guide rail, it drives the swing pipe 404 and its end outlet 402 to swing left and right in an arc shape. During this process, the fertilizer is evenly dispersed within the swing pipe 404 and, under the combined action of centrifugal force and swing inertia, is thrown onto the soil surface from the outlet 402. To prevent damp fertilizer from adhering to or clogging the inner wall of the oscillating tube 404, a raised structure is provided on the inner wall as an anti-clogging device. These raised structures scrape and break arches on the inner wall during the oscillation of the oscillating tube 404, effectively preventing clogging problems. This design significantly improves the reliability of the equipment under complex operating conditions.

[0019] The raking and covering process is another important function of this fertilizer spreader. The raking mechanism 8 is installed at the rear of the frame 1 and includes a U-shaped frame 803, a wire rope 804, a take-up roller 801, a motor 805, and a belt drive system. A raker 809 is installed at the lower part of the U-shaped frame 803, which is connected to the take-up roller 801 mounted on the frame 1 via the wire rope 804. The motor 805 drives the take-up roller 801 to rotate via a belt drive system consisting of a small pulley 806, a large pulley 807, and a connecting belt 808, thereby controlling the winding and unwinding of the wire rope 804 and raising and lowering the raker 809. A tensioner 802 is installed in the path of the wire rope 804 to maintain its tension, ensuring smooth and reliable raising and lowering of the raker 809. During operation, after spreading fertilizer, the operator starts the motor 805 to lower the raker 809. As the tractor pulls the fertilizer spreader forward, the rake 809 scoops up the topsoil and evenly covers it with fertilizer, completing the covering operation. This design not only enables the simultaneous completion of fertilizer spreading and covering operations, but also reduces nutrient volatilization loss and improves fertilization efficiency.

[0020] The practical application scenarios of this fertilizer spreader further validate its technological advantages. For example, in large-scale farmland operations, a tractor pulls the fertilizer spreader to the work area via a three-point suspension system. The operator first opens the top cover 3 to add fertilizer to the fertilizer tank 2, and adjusts the alignment of the valve 401 holes according to crop needs to set the appropriate fertilizer application rate. Subsequently, the tractor starts and transmits power to the fertilizer spreader via the universal joint drive shaft 508, driving the swing mechanism 5 to start working. The swing mechanism 5 converts the rotational motion into the reciprocating linear motion of the slider 509 through the crank 502 and connecting rod 503. The slider 509 drives the swing tube 404 to swing left and right in an arc shape, so that the fertilizer is evenly spread on the soil surface. At the same time, the operator controls the motor 805 to lower the rake 809. As the tractor moves forward, the rake 809 scoops up the soil surface and evenly covers it with fertilizer, completing the soil covering operation. This series of operations is simple and efficient, meeting the needs of modern agriculture for efficient and precise fertilization.

[0021] In applications under complex working conditions, this fertilizer spreader performs particularly well. For example, in humid environments, fertilizer can easily adhere to the inner wall of the oscillating tube 404 or cause blockages. However, because the inner wall of the oscillating tube 404 is equipped with a raised structure as an anti-blocking device, these protrusions scrape and break up arches on the inner wall during the oscillation of the tube 404, effectively solving the problem of wet fertilizer adhesion or blockage. Furthermore, the design of the raking mechanism 8 also demonstrates high flexibility and adaptability. By driving the winding roller 801 with the motor 805 to control the winding and unwinding of the wire rope 804, the height position of the raking tool 809 can be quickly adjusted, thus adapting to the soil covering requirements under different terrains and soil conditions. This design not only improves the reliability of the equipment but also enhances its applicability in various farmland environments.

[0022] The innovation of this fertilizer spreader lies in the optimized design of several key components and their interaction. First, valve 401 employs a double-hole plate design and achieves stepless adjustment of fertilizer application by regulating the overlap of the holes, improving the uniformity and precision of fertilization. Second, the oscillating mechanism 5 converts rotary motion into reciprocating linear motion through a crank 502 and connecting rod 503 structure, which then drives the oscillating tube 404 to oscillate in an arc, ensuring even distribution of fertilizer to the soil surface. Third, the inner wall of the oscillating tube 404 is equipped with an anti-clogging device; a raised structure scrapes the wall and breaks up arches during the oscillation, solving the problem of wet fertilizer adhering or clogging. Finally, the raking mechanism 8, driven by motor 805, controls the winding and unwinding of the wire rope 804 via the winding roller 801, thereby adjusting the height of the raker 809 and achieving simultaneous completion of fertilizer spreading and soil covering operations. These innovations collectively constitute the core competitiveness of this fertilizer spreader.

[0023] In summary, this fertilizer spreader, through optimized valve 401 design, swing mechanism 5, and raking mechanism 8, provides a solution that is simple in structure, easy to operate, and features simultaneous soil covering. Its specific implementation fully discloses each step and technical detail, ensuring the feasibility and practicality of the solution. This fertilizer spreader is suitable for various farmland operating environments, meeting the demands of modern agriculture for efficient and precise fertilization, while reducing nutrient volatilization loss and improving fertilization efficiency.

[0024] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A field swivel spreader characterized by, The machine frame (1), the fertilizer box (2), the discharging mechanism (4), the swing mechanism (5) and the harrowing mechanism (8) are included. The machine frame (1) is provided with a suspension lug (6) and a bracket assembly (7) at the front part, which are used for connecting with the three-point suspension system of the tractor. The fertilizer box (2) is located above the machine frame (1), and the top is provided with an openable top cover (3), and the side wall is designed as an inclination angle to prevent the fertilizer from forming a bridge in the box. The discharging mechanism (4) is arranged at the bottom of the fertilizer box (2) and includes a valve (401), a connecting pipe (403) and a swing pipe (404), the valve (401) is composed of two hole plates, and the hole coincidence degree is changed by adjusting the relative angle of the two hole plates to steplessly adjust the fertilizer amount. The swing mechanism (5) includes a crank (502), a connecting rod (503) and a sliding block (509), the crank (502) is fixed to the end of the spline shaft (505), the spline shaft (505) is connected to the power output shaft of the tractor through the shaft pipe (507) and the universal joint transmission shaft (508), the rotary motion of the crank (502) is converted into the reciprocating linear motion of the sliding block (509) through the connecting rod (503), and the sliding block (509) drives the swing pipe (404) to swing left and right. The harrowing mechanism (8) is installed at the tail of the machine frame (1) and includes a winding roller (801), a steel wire rope (804), a motor (805) and a harrow (809), the motor (805) drives the winding roller (801) to rotate through a belt transmission system, controls the winding and unwinding of the steel wire rope (804) to adjust the height of the harrow (809), and realizes synchronous soil covering operation.

2. A field spreader according to claim 1 wherein, The inner wall of the swing pipe (404) is provided with a convex structure for scraping the inner wall of the swing pipe (404) and breaking the arch during the swing process, so that the wet fertilizer is prevented from adhering or blocking.

3. The field swing spreader of claim 1 wherein, The two hole plates of the valve (401) can adjust the relative angle through manual or mechanical mode to realize stepless adjustment of the fertilizer amount.

4. The field swing spreader of claim 1 wherein, The swing mechanism (5) further includes a fixed plate (501), a stop block (504) and a guide rail, the sliding block (509) is installed in the guide rail and is limited in the movement range by the stop block (504), so that the sliding block (509) is prevented from leaving the track.

5. The field swing spreader of claim 1 wherein, The harrowing mechanism (8) further includes a U-shaped frame (803), a tensioner (802), a small pulley (806), a large pulley (807) and a connecting belt (808), the U-shaped frame (803) is installed with the harrow (809) at the lower part, the steel wire rope (804) is connected between the U-shaped frame (803) and the winding roller (801), and the tensioner (802) is arranged in the path of the steel wire rope (804) and is used for keeping the steel wire rope (804) in tension.

6. The field swing spreader of claim 1 wherein, The power transmission path includes the universal joint transmission shaft (508), the shaft pipe (507), the spline shaft (505) and the shaft sleeve (506), power is input from the power output shaft of the tractor through the universal joint transmission shaft (508), is transmitted to the spline shaft (505) through the shaft pipe (507), the shaft sleeve (506) is sleeved on the outer diameter of the shaft pipe (507), and the spline shaft (505) drives the crank (502) to rotate.

7. The field swing spreader of claim 1 wherein, The side wall inclination angle of the fertilizer tank (2) ensures smooth flow of the fertilizer under the action of gravity, avoids bridging phenomenon, and ensures smooth feeding during continuous operation.

8. The field swing spreader of claim 1 wherein, The swing pipe (404) is rigidly connected with the slider (509) of the swing mechanism (5), and the swing angle of the swing pipe (404) is determined by the reciprocating linear motion range of the slider (509), so that the fertilizer is uniformly spread under the action of centrifugal force and swing inertia.

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