A biodegradable porous oil-absorbing material and its preparation method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of oil-absorbing materials technology, specifically to a biodegradable porous oil-absorbing material and its preparation method, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-100 parts slurry, 6-10 parts fiber material, 1-2 parts activated carbon powder, 0.6-1 parts sodium bicarbonate, and 0.4-0.6 parts antioxidant. In this invention, through freezing treatment during the preparation of the fiber material and powder, water molecules sublimate from ice into gas, retaining the ice crystal structure formed during freezing, resulting in a highly interconnected three-dimensional porous network, effectively improving the oil absorption performance of the porous oil-absorbing material. Through electrospinning treatment of the slurry and fiber material, nanoscale fiber structures can be generated at the electrospinning points. These fibers randomly accumulate, naturally forming a large number of nanoscale pores, providing abundant specific surface area and oil storage space, further enhancing the oil absorption performance of the porous oil-absorbing material.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil-absorbing materials technology, specifically to a biodegradable porous oil-absorbing material and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Porous oil-absorbing materials are a type of special functional material with a large number of interconnected or closed pore networks inside. These pores constitute a high specific surface area and porosity, which can effectively adsorb and lock oil molecules through capillary forces and other means. Their raw materials are widely available, covering natural polymers, inorganic minerals and synthetic polymers, and are widely used in water oil pollution treatment and emergency oil spill recovery.

[0003] In existing technologies, porous oil-absorbing materials prepared by freeze-drying and electrospinning often suffer from difficulties in precisely controlling the connectivity and regularity of their pore structure. This results in a large number of closed or isolated pores within the material, making it difficult for oil molecules to quickly penetrate and diffuse deep into the material, thus limiting its oil absorption rate and saturated oil absorption capacity. Therefore, this invention provides a biodegradable porous oil-absorbing material and its preparation method. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a biodegradable porous oil-absorbing material and its preparation method. The biodegradable porous oil-absorbing material prepared by this invention not only effectively improves the oil absorption performance of the material, but also improves the degradation performance and overall performance of the material.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a biodegradable porous oil-absorbing material, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-100 parts slurry, 6-10 parts fiber material, 1-2 parts activated carbon powder, 0.6-1 parts sodium bicarbonate, and 0.4-0.6 parts antioxidant;

[0006] The slurry is prepared by the following method: bentonite, N,N-dimethylformamide and deionized water are added to a mixer and stirred at 60-100 rpm for 10-20 minutes to obtain the slurry. The bentonite is pretreated before the slurry is prepared.

[0007] The raw materials for the fiber material include powder, kapok fiber, deionized water, and vinyltrimethoxysilane.

[0008] Preferably, the pretreatment method for bentonite is as follows: Bentonite and deionized water are added to a mixer, stirred at 100-200 rpm for 30 minutes, allowed to stand for 1 hour, and the upper suspension is taken and centrifuged to obtain moist bentonite. The moist bentonite is then placed in an oven and dried at 40-60°C for 3-5 hours. The resulting product is ground to 60-100 mesh to obtain coarse powder. The coarse powder, deionized water, starch, and gelatin are added to a reaction vessel. The reaction vessel is set to a temperature of 40-50°C and a stirring speed of 100-200 rpm. The mixture is stirred at a constant temperature for 20-40 minutes. During the constant temperature stirring process, pectin, lignin, chitin, and tea tree oil are added to the reaction vessel in sequence. The resulting product is centrifuged to obtain solids. The solids are washed with deionized water and then placed in an oven and dried at 50-70°C for 2-3 hours to complete the bentonite pretreatment.

[0009] Preferably, the mass ratio of bentonite to deionized water is 1:(8-10), the mass ratio of coarse powder, deionized water, starch, and gelatin is 1:(2-4):(0.1-0.2):(0.08-0.1), the mass of pectin is 10-15% of the mass of coarse powder, and the mass ratio of pectin, lignin, chitin, and tea tree oil is 1:(0.4-0.6):(0.4-0.6):(0.2-0.4).

[0010] Preferably, the method for preparing the fiber material is as follows: powder, kapok fiber, deionized water, and vinyltrimethoxysilane are added to a reaction vessel. The reaction vessel is set to a temperature of 40-50°C and a stirring speed of 200-400 rpm. The mixture is stirred at a constant temperature for 20-40 minutes. The resulting product is poured into a mold and frozen at -20°C for 10-14 hours. The resulting product is then cooled to -60°C under a vacuum of 10 Pa and treated for 20-30 hours. The resulting product is then placed in an oven and dried at 60-80°C for 2-4 hours to obtain the additive.

[0011] Preferably, the mass ratio of powder, kapok fiber, deionized water, and vinyltrimethoxysilane is 1:(0.2-0.4):(4-6):(0.06-0.08).

[0012] Preferably, the powder is prepared by the following method: grapefruit peel is used as the raw material. The outer smooth peel is first removed, then soaked in water for 10-20 minutes, drained, and cut into small pieces. The peel is then placed in a pot with water at a ratio of 1:5, citric acid is added, and the mixture is simmered over low heat for 30-40 minutes while stirring. The solids are then removed and rinsed with deionized water until neutral. The resulting product is frozen at -40°C for 2-4 hours, then dried at -30°C under a vacuum of 10 Pa for 10-14 hours. The resulting product is then ground to obtain the powder.

[0013] Preferably, the mass of citric acid is 0.5% of the mass of water.

[0014] Preferably, the grinding particle size of the powder is 80-100 mesh.

[0015] Preferably, the antioxidant is ginger extract.

[0016] Preferably, a method for preparing a biodegradable porous oil-absorbing material includes the following steps:

[0017] S1: Base material preparation: Slurry, fiber material, and activated carbon powder are added to a mixer and stirred at 400-600 rpm for 20-30 minutes. The resulting product is then fed into an ultrasonic disperser and dispersed at 100-200W for 6-10 minutes to obtain a spinning solution. The spinning solution is then added to an electrospinning device, with the injection speed set to 0.6-0.8 ml / h, the voltage to 15-20 kV, and the receiving distance to 15-20 cm. The resulting product is then cut and crushed to obtain the base material.

[0018] S2: Preparation of the mixture: The base material is dissolved in water and stirred in a water bath at 70-80℃ for 40-60 minutes to obtain the mixture, wherein the mass of water is 60-70% of the mass of the base material;

[0019] S3: Finished product preparation: Add the mixture, sodium bicarbonate, and antioxidant to the mixer, set the stirring speed to 800-1000 rpm for 40-60 minutes, pour the resulting product into a mold, freeze the mold at -80℃ for 1-2 hours, then heat it to 30℃ under a vacuum of 10 Pa and dry it for 24-36 hours to obtain a biodegradable porous oil-absorbing material.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. In this invention, by freezing the fiber material and powder material during the preparation process, water molecules sublimate from ice to gas under vacuum freezing conditions, avoiding the destruction of the surface tension of liquid water, thus preserving the ice crystal structure formed during freezing. The original positions occupied by these ice crystals become interconnected porous structures, resulting in a highly interconnected three-dimensional porous network, which effectively improves the oil absorption performance of the porous oil-absorbing material. Through electrospinning of the slurry and fiber material, nanoscale fiber structures can be generated at the electrospinning point. These fibers randomly accumulate, naturally forming a large number of nanoscale pores, providing abundant specific surface area and oil storage space, further improving the oil absorption performance of the porous oil-absorbing material.

[0022] 2. In this invention, during the pretreatment of bentonite, the phenolic hydroxyl groups of lignin form hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups of bentonite, the carboxyl groups of pectin complex with the cations of bentonite, and the hydrophobic groups of plant essential oils can insert into the interlayer gaps of bentonite, improving its molecular compatibility. After the oil-absorbing material enters the soil environment, it can release nutrients to provide nutrients for microorganisms in the soil and improve their activity. The enzymatic hydrolysis of chitin in the soil will destroy the hydrogen bond connections, causing the lamellar structure to loosen, promoting the rapid decomposition of the oil-absorbing material and improving its degradation performance. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 The flowchart below illustrates a biodegradable porous oil-absorbing material and its preparation method. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] It should be noted that the raw materials used in the following embodiments are all commercially available.

[0026] Example 1:

[0027] A biodegradable porous oil-absorbing material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts slurry, 6 parts fiber material, 1 part activated carbon powder, 0.6 parts sodium bicarbonate, and 0.4 parts antioxidant;

[0028] The slurry is prepared by the following method: bentonite, N,N-dimethylformamide and deionized water are added to a mixer and stirred at 60 rpm for 10 min to obtain the slurry. The bentonite is pretreated before the slurry is prepared.

[0029] The raw materials for the fiber material include powder, kapok fiber, deionized water, and vinyltrimethoxysilane.

[0030] The pretreatment method for bentonite is as follows: Bentonite and deionized water are added to a mixer at a mass ratio of 1:8, stirred at 100 rpm for 30 minutes, allowed to stand for 1 hour, and the upper suspension is collected and centrifuged to obtain moist bentonite. The moist bentonite is then placed in an oven and dried at 40°C for 3 hours. The resulting product is ground to 60 mesh to obtain coarse powder. The coarse powder, deionized water, starch, and gelatin are added to a reaction vessel at a mass ratio of 1:2:0.1:0.08. The reaction vessel is set to a temperature of 40°C and stirred... The stirring speed was 100 rpm, and the constant temperature stirring treatment was carried out for 20 minutes. During the constant temperature stirring process, pectin, lignin, chitin, and tea tree oil were added to the reactor in sequence. The resulting product was centrifuged to obtain solids. The solids were washed with deionized water and then sent to an oven. The oven was set to 50°C and dried for 2 hours to complete the bentonite pretreatment. The mass of pectin was 10% of the mass of the coarse powder, and the mass ratio of pectin, lignin, chitin, and tea tree oil was 1:0.4:0.4:0.2.

[0031] The method for preparing the fiber material is as follows: powder, kapok fiber, deionized water, and vinyltrimethoxysilane are added to a reaction vessel in a mass ratio of 1:0.2:4:0.06. The reaction vessel is set to a temperature of 40℃ and a stirring speed of 200 rpm. The mixture is stirred at a constant temperature for 20 min. The resulting product is poured into a mold and frozen at -20℃ for 10 h. The resulting product is then cooled to -60℃ under a vacuum of 10 Pa and treated for 20 h. The resulting product is then placed in an oven and dried at 60℃ for 2 h to obtain the additive.

[0032] The powder is prepared by the following method: grapefruit peel is used as the raw material. The outer smooth peel is first removed, then soaked in water for 10 minutes, drained, and cut into small pieces. The peel is placed in a pot with water at a ratio of 1:5, and 0.5% citric acid (by weight of water) is added. The mixture is simmered over low heat for 30 minutes while stirring. The solid is then removed and rinsed with deionized water until neutral. The resulting product is frozen at -40°C for 2 hours, then dried at -30°C under a vacuum of 10 Pa for 10 hours. The resulting product is then ground to obtain the powder.

[0033] The grinding particle size of the powder is 80 mesh.

[0034] Among them, ginger extract is selected as the antioxidant.

[0035] One method for preparing a biodegradable porous oil-absorbing material includes the following steps:

[0036] S1: Base material preparation: Slurry, fiber material, and activated carbon powder are added to a mixer and stirred at 400 rpm for 20 min. The resulting product is then sent to an ultrasonic disperser and dispersed at 100 W for 6 min to obtain spinning solution. The spinning solution is then added to an electrospinning device, with the injection speed set to 0.6 ml / h, the voltage set to 15 kV, and the receiving distance set to 15 cm. The resulting product is then cut and crushed to obtain the base material.

[0037] S2: Preparation of the mixture: The base material is dissolved in water and stirred in a water bath at 70°C for 40 minutes to obtain the mixture, wherein the mass of water is 60% of the mass of the base material;

[0038] S3: Finished product preparation: The mixture, sodium bicarbonate, and antioxidant are added to the mixer and stirred at 800 rpm for 40 min. The resulting product is poured into a mold and frozen at -80℃ for 1 h. Then, it is heated to 30℃ under a vacuum of 10 Pa and dried for 24 h to obtain a biodegradable porous oil-absorbing material.

[0039] Example 2:

[0040] A biodegradable porous oil-absorbing material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts slurry, 8 parts fiber material, 1.5 parts activated carbon powder, 0.8 parts sodium bicarbonate, and 0.5 parts antioxidant;

[0041] The slurry is prepared by the following method: bentonite, N,N-dimethylformamide and deionized water are added to a mixer and stirred at 80 rpm for 15 min to obtain the slurry. The bentonite is pretreated before the slurry is prepared.

[0042] The raw materials for the fiber material include powder, kapok fiber, deionized water, and vinyltrimethoxysilane.

[0043] The pretreatment method for bentonite is as follows: Bentonite and deionized water are added to a mixer at a mass ratio of 1:9, stirred at 150 rpm for 30 minutes, allowed to stand for 1 hour, and the upper suspension is collected and centrifuged to obtain moist bentonite. The moist bentonite is then placed in an oven and dried at 50°C for 4 hours. The resulting product is ground to 80 mesh to obtain coarse powder. The coarse powder, deionized water, starch, and gelatin are added to a reaction vessel at a mass ratio of 1:3:0.15:0.09. The reaction vessel is set to a temperature of 45°C and stirred. The mixture was stirred at 150 rpm for 30 minutes at a constant temperature. During the stirring process, pectin, lignin, chitin, and tea tree oil were added to the reactor in sequence. The resulting product was centrifuged to obtain solids. The solids were washed with deionized water and then placed in an oven at 60°C for 2.5 hours to complete the bentonite pretreatment. The mass of pectin was 12% of the mass of the coarse powder, and the mass ratio of pectin, lignin, chitin, and tea tree oil was 1:0.5:0.5:0.3.

[0044] The method for preparing the fiber material is as follows: powder, kapok fiber, deionized water, and vinyltrimethoxysilane are added to a reaction vessel in a mass ratio of 1:0.3:5:0.07. The reaction vessel is set to a temperature of 45℃ and a stirring speed of 300 rpm. The mixture is stirred at a constant temperature for 30 min. The resulting product is poured into a mold and frozen at -20℃ for 12 h. The resulting product is then cooled to -60℃ under a vacuum of 10 Pa and treated for 25 h. The resulting product is then placed in an oven and dried at 70℃ for 3 h to obtain the additive.

[0045] The powder is prepared by the following method: grapefruit peel is used as the raw material. The outer smooth peel is first removed, then soaked in water for 15 minutes, drained, and cut into small pieces. The peel is placed in a pot with water at a ratio of 1:5, and 0.5% citric acid (by weight of water) is added. The mixture is simmered over low heat for 35 minutes while stirring. The solid is then removed and rinsed with deionized water until neutral. The resulting product is frozen at -40°C for 3 hours, then dried at -30°C under a vacuum of 10 Pa for 12 hours. The resulting product is then ground to obtain the powder.

[0046] The grinding particle size of the powder is 90 mesh.

[0047] Among them, ginger extract is selected as the antioxidant.

[0048] One method for preparing a biodegradable porous oil-absorbing material includes the following steps:

[0049] S1: Base material preparation: Slurry, fiber material, and activated carbon powder are added to a mixer and stirred at 500 rpm for 25 min. The resulting product is then sent to an ultrasonic disperser and dispersed at 150 W for 8 min to obtain spinning solution. The spinning solution is then added to an electrospinning device and the injection speed is set to 0.7 ml / h, the voltage to 18 kV, and the receiving distance to 18 cm. The resulting product is then cut and crushed to obtain the base material.

[0050] S2: Preparation of the mixture: The base material is dissolved in water and stirred in a water bath at 75°C for 50 minutes to obtain the mixture, wherein the mass of water is 65% of the mass of the base material;

[0051] S3: Finished product preparation: The mixture, sodium bicarbonate, and antioxidant are added to the mixer and stirred at 900 rpm for 50 min. The resulting product is poured into a mold and frozen at -80℃ for 1.5 h. Then, it is heated to 30℃ under a vacuum of 10 Pa and dried for 30 h to obtain a biodegradable porous oil-absorbing material.

[0052] Example 3:

[0053] A biodegradable porous oil-absorbing material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts slurry, 10 parts fiber material, 2 parts activated carbon powder, 1 part sodium bicarbonate, and 0.6 parts antioxidant.

[0054] The slurry is prepared by the following method: bentonite, N,N-dimethylformamide and deionized water are added to a mixer and stirred at 100 rpm for 20 min to obtain the slurry. The bentonite is pretreated before the slurry is prepared.

[0055] The raw materials for the fiber material include powder, kapok fiber, deionized water, and vinyltrimethoxysilane.

[0056] The pretreatment method for bentonite is as follows: Bentonite and deionized water are added to a mixer at a mass ratio of 1:10, stirred at 200 rpm for 30 minutes, allowed to stand for 1 hour, and the upper suspension is collected and centrifuged to obtain moist bentonite. The moist bentonite is then placed in an oven and dried at 60°C for 5 hours. The resulting product is ground to 100 mesh to obtain coarse powder. The coarse powder, deionized water, starch, and gelatin are added to a reaction vessel at a mass ratio of 1:4:0.2:0.1. The reaction vessel is set to a temperature of 50°C and stirred... The stirring speed was 200 rpm, and the constant temperature stirring treatment was carried out for 40 min. During the constant temperature stirring process, pectin, lignin, chitin, and tea tree oil were added to the reaction vessel in sequence. The resulting product was centrifuged to obtain solids. The solids were washed with deionized water and then sent to an oven. The oven was set to 70℃ and dried for 3 h to complete the bentonite pretreatment. The mass of pectin was 15% of the mass of the coarse powder, and the mass ratio of pectin, lignin, chitin, and tea tree oil was 1:0.6:0.6:0.4.

[0057] The method for preparing the fiber material is as follows: powder, kapok fiber, deionized water, and vinyltrimethoxysilane are added to a reaction vessel in a mass ratio of 1:0.4:6:0.08. The reaction vessel is set to a temperature of 50°C and a stirring speed of 400 rpm. The mixture is stirred at a constant temperature for 40 minutes. The resulting product is poured into a mold and frozen at -20°C for 14 hours. The resulting product is then cooled to -60°C under a vacuum of 10 Pa and treated for 30 hours. The resulting product is then placed in an oven and dried at 80°C for 4 hours to obtain the additive.

[0058] The powder is prepared by the following method: grapefruit peel is used as the raw material. The outer smooth peel is first removed, then soaked in water for 20 minutes, drained, and cut into small pieces. The peel is placed in a pot with water at a ratio of 1:5, and 0.5% citric acid (by weight of water) is added. The mixture is simmered over low heat for 40 minutes while stirring. The solid is then removed and rinsed with deionized water until neutral. The resulting product is frozen at -40°C for 4 hours, then dried at -30°C under a vacuum of 10 Pa for 14 hours. The resulting product is then ground to obtain the powder.

[0059] The grinding particle size of the powder is 100 mesh.

[0060] Among them, ginger extract is selected as the antioxidant.

[0061] One method for preparing a biodegradable porous oil-absorbing material includes the following steps:

[0062] S1: Base material preparation: Slurry, fiber material, and activated carbon powder are added to a mixer and stirred at 600 rpm for 30 min. The resulting product is then sent to an ultrasonic disperser and dispersed at 200 W for 10 min to obtain spinning solution. The spinning solution is then added to an electrospinning device, with the injection speed set to 0.8 ml / h, the voltage to 20 kV, and the receiving distance to 20 cm. The resulting product is then cut and crushed to obtain the base material.

[0063] S2: Preparation of the mixture: The base material is dissolved in water and stirred in a water bath at 80°C for 60 minutes to obtain the mixture, wherein the mass of water is 70% of the mass of the base material;

[0064] S3: Finished product preparation: The mixture, sodium bicarbonate, and antioxidant are added to the mixer and stirred at 1000 rpm for 60 min. The resulting product is poured into a mold and frozen at -80℃ for 2 h. Then, it is heated to 30℃ under a vacuum of 10 Pa and dried for 36 h to obtain a biodegradable porous oil-absorbing material.

[0065] Comparative Example 1: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the bentonite in this comparative example is not pretreated before the preparation of the slurry.

[0066] Comparative Example 2 differs from Example 1 in that it does not contain fiber material.

[0067] Comparative Example 3 differs from Example 1 in that vacuum freezing is not performed during the preparation of the fiber material and powder material in this comparative example.

[0068] Performance testing:

[0069] Oil absorption rate test: The test was conducted in accordance with ASTM F726-17 (2024) standard. The test oils were peanut oil, 0# diesel oil, and 20W-50 engine oil. The test objects were the samples prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3. The oil absorption rate of each sample was tested 5 times and the average value was recorded in Table 1. At the same time, in accordance with JT / T560-2004 standard, 0# diesel oil was selected as the test oil and the initial oil absorption rate was recorded. Then, the samples saturated with oil were pressed continuously for 5 minutes under a constant pressure of 10 kPa using a universal testing machine. After that, they were immersed in n-hexane for 2 minutes and then dried. The above steps were repeated until the oil absorption rate was lower than 90% of the initial value. The test was stopped and the number of cycles was recorded in Table 1.

[0070] Degradation rate test: The degradation rate was tested according to GB / T19277.1-2011 standard and the degradation rate at 30d, 60d and 90d was recorded. The data obtained are recorded in Table 2.

[0071] Water contact angle test: The test was conducted in accordance with GB / T30693-2014 standard, and the data obtained are recorded in Table 2.

[0072] Table 1:

[0073]

[0074] Analysis of the data in the comparison table shows that the oil absorption rate and number of cycles of the oil-absorbing materials prepared by the methods of Examples 1-3 are better than those of Comparative Examples 1-3.

[0075] Further analysis revealed that in Comparative Example 1, the bentonite was not pretreated before slurry preparation, resulting in a lower oil absorption rate compared to Examples 1-3. This indicates that pretreatment of bentonite improved its interfacial compatibility and dispersibility with the fiber material and matrix. Untreated bentonite is prone to agglomeration and cannot effectively combine with other components, leading to a decrease in the uniformity and connectivity of the internal pore structure of the material, reducing effective oil storage space and adsorption sites. Comparative Example 2, lacking fiber material, resulted in a significantly lower oil absorption rate than Examples 1-3, demonstrating that the fiber material constitutes the three-dimensional fiber skeleton and the main porous structure of the material. The lack of fiber material causes the material to lose its main supporting structure and most of its high specific surface area. The nanofiber network formed by electrospinning cannot be effectively constructed, resulting in a sharp decrease in adsorption capacity. The oil absorption rate measured in Comparative Example 3 is lower than that in Examples 1-3, indicating that vacuum freezing treatment can preserve the highly interconnected and interconnected multi-level pore structure formed by the "ice template" through ice crystal sublimation rather than liquid water evaporation. Conventional drying and non-deep cryogenic freezing will cause surface tension to damage the pore walls, easily resulting in closed pores or pore collapse, thereby reducing the effective volume and diffusion channels that oil molecules can enter.

[0076] The fact that Comparative Example 1 had fewer cycles than Examples 1-3 indicates that the bentonite without pretreatment has weak interfacial bonding, making the material more prone to structural damage and permanent deformation during extrusion-desorption, resulting in poor pore recovery ability. The fact that Comparative Example 2 had fewer cycles than Examples 1-3 indicates that the lack of fiber material leads to a lack of a strong fiber network skeleton, resulting in poor material mechanical strength. After repeated extrusion, the structure is prone to collapse and failure, making recovery difficult. The fact that Comparative Example 3 had fewer cycles than Examples 1-3 indicates that without vacuum freezing treatment, the pore structure of the fiber material and powder is not stable enough. After undergoing multiple oil absorption-desorption stress cycles, it is more prone to fatigue fracture and structural damage.

[0077] Table 2:

[0078]

[0079] Analysis of the data in the comparison table shows that the degradation rate and water contact angle of the oil-absorbing materials prepared by the methods of Examples 1-3 are better than those of Comparative Examples 1-3.

[0080] Further analysis revealed that Comparative Example 1, due to the lack of pretreatment of bentonite, exhibited poor dispersibility, hindering effective contact and enzymatic hydrolysis by microorganisms, resulting in a decreased decomposition rate. Simultaneously, the pectin, lignin, chitin, and tea tree oil added during bentonite pretreatment helped construct a low surface energy layer on the bentonite surface. Untreated bentonite has a high surface energy and strong hydrophilicity, reducing the overall hydrophobicity of the material. Comparative Example 2, lacking fiber materials, exhibited the lowest degradation rate, indicating the absence of natural cellulose components such as kapok fiber and grapefruit peel powder, which are easily attacked by microorganisms. This reduced the proportion of rapidly degradable components in the material, slowing down the overall degradation rate. Kapok fiber and grapefruit peel powder inherently possess a certain degree of hydrophobicity and are key to constructing the micro-nano rough structure of the surface. Their absence makes the material surface tend to be flat, making it difficult to trap air and form an air film, thus significantly reducing hydrophobicity. In Comparative Example 3, the lack of vacuum freezing treatment during the preparation of fiber and powder materials resulted in an unsatisfactory pore structure with more closed pores, reducing the contact area between microorganisms and the interior of the material. This limited the transfer of oxygen and moisture, which are essential for degradation, thereby slowing down the degradation process. At the same time, vacuum freezing treatment is crucial for forming a fine and stable micro-nano rough structure. Without this step, the surface roughness is insufficient, leading to a decrease in hydrophobic properties.

[0081] By comparing and analyzing the relevant data in the table, it can be seen that the biodegradable porous oil-absorbing material prepared by this invention not only effectively improves the oil absorption performance of the material, but also enhances its degradation performance and overall performance. This indicates that the biodegradable porous oil-absorbing material provided by this invention has a broader market prospect and is more suitable for widespread application.

[0082] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0083] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A biodegradable porous oil-absorbing material, characterized in that, It includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-100 parts slurry, 6-10 parts fiber material, 1-2 parts activated carbon powder, 0.6-1 part sodium bicarbonate, and 0.4-0.6 parts antioxidant; The slurry is prepared by the following method: pretreated bentonite, N,N-dimethylformamide, and deionized water are added to a mixer and stirred at 60-100 rpm for 10-20 minutes to obtain the slurry. The bentonite is pretreated before the slurry is prepared. The pretreatment method for bentonite is as follows: Bentonite and deionized water are added to a mixer, stirred at 100-200 rpm for 30 minutes, allowed to stand for 1 hour, and the upper suspension is taken and centrifuged to obtain moist bentonite. The moist bentonite is then sent to an oven and dried at 40-60°C for 3-5 hours. The resulting product is ground to 60-100 mesh to obtain coarse powder. The coarse powder, deionized water, starch, and gelatin are added to a reaction vessel. The reaction vessel is set to a temperature of 40-50°C and a stirring speed of 100-200 rpm. The mixture is stirred at a constant temperature for 20-40 minutes. During the constant temperature stirring process, pectin, lignin, chitin, and tea tree oil are added to the reaction vessel in sequence. The resulting product is centrifuged to obtain solids. The solids are washed with deionized water and then sent to an oven and dried at 50-70°C for 2-3 hours to complete the bentonite pretreatment. The raw materials for the fiber material include powder, kapok fiber, deionized water, and vinyltrimethoxysilane; The method for preparing the fiber material is as follows: powder, kapok fiber, deionized water, and vinyltrimethoxysilane are added to a reaction vessel. The reaction vessel is set to a temperature of 40-50°C and a stirring speed of 200-400 rpm. The mixture is stirred at a constant temperature for 20-40 minutes. The resulting product is poured into a mold and frozen at -20°C for 10-14 hours. The resulting product is then cooled to -60°C under a vacuum of 10 Pa and treated for 20-30 hours. The resulting product is then placed in an oven and dried at 60-80°C for 2-4 hours to obtain the additive. The powder is prepared by the following method: grapefruit peel is selected as the raw material. The outer smooth peel is first removed, then soaked in clean water for 10-20 minutes, drained, and cut into small pieces. The peel is placed in a pot with water at a ratio of 1:5, citric acid is added, and the mixture is simmered over low heat for 30-40 minutes while stirring. The solids are then removed and rinsed with deionized water until neutral. The resulting product is frozen at -40°C for 2-4 hours, then dried at -30°C under a vacuum of 10 Pa for 10-14 hours. The resulting product is then ground to obtain the powder.

2. The biodegradable porous oil-absorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the pretreatment of bentonite, the mass ratio of bentonite to deionized water is 1:(8-10), the mass ratio of coarse powder, deionized water, starch, and gelatin is 1:(2-4):(0.1-0.2):(0.08-0.1), the mass of pectin is 10-15% of the mass of coarse powder, and the mass ratio of pectin, lignin, chitin, and tea tree oil is 1:(0.4-0.6):(0.4-0.6):(0.2-0.4).

3. The biodegradable porous oil-absorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of powder, kapok fiber, deionized water, and vinyltrimethoxysilane is 1:(0.2-0.4):(4-6):(0.06-0.08).

4. The biodegradable porous oil-absorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass of citric acid is 0.5% of the mass of water.

5. The biodegradable porous oil-absorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grinding particle size of the powder is 80-100 mesh.

6. The biodegradable porous oil-absorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antioxidant is selected from ginger extract.

7. The method for preparing the biodegradable porous oil-absorbing material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Base material preparation: Slurry, fiber material, and activated carbon powder are added to a mixer and stirred at 400-600 rpm for 20-30 minutes. The resulting product is then fed into an ultrasonic disperser and dispersed at 100-200W for 6-10 minutes to obtain a spinning solution. The spinning solution is then added to an electrospinning device, with the injection speed set to 0.6-0.8 ml / h, the voltage to 15-20 kV, and the receiving distance to 15-20 cm. The resulting product is then cut and crushed to obtain the base material. S2: Preparation of the mixture: The base material is dissolved in water and stirred in a water bath at 70-80℃ for 40-60 minutes to obtain the mixture, wherein the mass of water is 60-70% of the mass of the base material; S3: Finished product preparation: Add the mixture, sodium bicarbonate, and antioxidant to the mixer, set the stirring speed to 800-1000 rpm for 40-60 minutes, pour the resulting product into a mold, freeze the mold at -80℃ for 1-2 hours, then heat it to 30℃ under a vacuum of 10 Pa and dry it for 24-36 hours to obtain a biodegradable porous oil-absorbing material.

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