Preparation method of high-quality solid welding wire

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-quality solid welding wire. The preparation method comprises the following steps of S1, raw material selection and pretreatment, S2, a drawing forming process, S3, surface treatment, S4, aftertreatment and finishing, S5, quality detection and control and S6, packaging and storage. Before work starts, raw materials are selected, low-carbon steel is selected, the purity of S is controlled to be smaller than or equal to 0.010%, the purity of P is controlled to be smaller than or equal to 0.015%, the size is controlled to be phi 5.5-6.5 mm, then oxide skin is removed through sulfuric acid for 5-10 min, after flushing is conducted through high-pressure water, residual acid is neutralized through alkali liquor, corrosion is prevented, then hot air drying is conducted at the temperature of 100-120 DEG C, it is guaranteed that no water exists on the surface, and the low-carbon steel is obtained. According to the method, the raw materials are pretreated, so that the cleanliness of the raw materials is improved, the production quality of the thick solid welding wire is improved, then the raw materials are smelted after being pretreated, and then a mixture of rare earth, deoxidized silicon, alloy vanadium and copper phosphorus tungsten carbide is added according to different environment requirements so as to increase the variety of the welding wire.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the preparation technology field of solid welding wires, in particular to a preparation method of high-quality solid welding wires. BACKGROUND

[0002] High-quality welding wires have better stability and welding quality in the welding process, reduce or even avoid problems caused by welding defects in the use process, improve welding efficiency, reduce the emission of smoke, waste gas and harmful substances to a certain extent in the welding process, help green production, and also maintain better arc stability and molten pool control, reduce the safety risk and technical requirements of welders, with the progress of intelligent and automatic welding technology, to meet the needs of more high-end applications, the research of high-quality welding wires not only breaks through the bottleneck of existing technology, keeps welding materials leading in technology, improves independent innovation ability, but also adapts to more precise automatic welding equipment, improves the competitiveness and market share of products, and further promotes the development of intelligent welding technology, when the welding wire is processed and smelted, the raw materials are not pretreated, so that the impurities of the raw materials are too much, the production quality of the subsequent solid welding wires is reduced, and in the production of the welding wire, the types of the produced welding wires are single, the welding wires cannot be used for different use scenes, the single applicability of the welding wires is reduced, and after the production of the welding wire is completed, only the surface and the tensile force can be simply detected, the composition of the welding wire cannot be detected, the success rate of the welding wire production is reduced, and therefore, the quality of the welding wire production is affected, which is specifically shown in the following aspects: (1) when the welding wire is processed and smelted, the raw materials are not pretreated, so that the impurities of the raw materials are too much, the production quality of the subsequent solid welding wires is reduced; (2) in the production of the welding wire, the types of the produced welding wires are single, the welding wires cannot be used for different use scenes, and the single applicability of the welding wires is reduced; (3) after the production of the welding wire is completed, only the surface and the tensile force can be simply detected, the composition of the welding wire cannot be detected, and the success rate of the welding wire production is reduced. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide a high-quality solid welding wire preparation method to solve the above-mentioned background art, which is currently prepared by the solid welding wire preparation method (1) without pretreatment of the raw material during the processing and melting of the welding wire, resulting in too many impurities in the raw material and reducing the production quality of the subsequent solid welding wire; (2) the production of welding wire is single, which cannot be used for different use scenarios, thereby reducing the single applicability of the welding wire; (3) after the production of the welding wire is completed, only the surface and tensile force can be simply detected, and the composition of the welding wire cannot be detected, thereby reducing the success rate of the welding wire production.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a high-quality solid welding wire preparation method, the preparation process of which comprises the following steps: S1, raw material selection and pretreatment S1.1, wire rod requirements; ① material selection of low carbon steel, ② purity control of sulfur (S≤0.010%), phosphorus (P≤0.015%) and non-metallic inclusions (B type inclusions ≤1.5 level), ③ initial diameter of size is usually φ5.5~6.5mm, surface without cracks, folding defects, S1.2, surface treatment, ① pickling, ② washing and neutralization, ③ drying; S2, drawing forming process S2.1, alloy smelting, ① low carbon steel 95-96.5%, rare earth 1.1%-1.5%, deoxidizing silicon 0.9%-1.3%, alloy vanadium 1.2%-1.5%, copper phosphorus tungsten carbide mixture 0.3%-0.7%, S2.2, rough drawing, ① size reduction, ② lubrication, S2.3, intermediate annealing, ① purpose, ② process, S2.4, fine drawing, ① final size, ② speed control; S3, surface treatment S3.1, electrolytic copper plating, ① plating solution composition adopts copper sulfate and sulfuric acid, ② parameter adjustment, S3.2, post-treatment, water washing and drying, the plating layer needs to be uniform and not to fall off; S4, post-treatment and finishing S4.1, polishing, nylon wheel or silicon carbide belt polishing is adopted, the surface roughness Ras is 0.8um, S4.2, cleaning, ultrasonic cleaning (alkaline cleaning agent) to remove oil stains, pure water rinsing and drying, S4.3, rust prevention treatment, coating a thin layer of anti-rust oil such as mineral oil, vacuum packaging; S5, quality detection and control S5.1, chemical composition analysis, spectrometer detection, S5.2, mechanical property test, ① tensile strength, ② bending test, S5.3, surface quality, ① microscope inspection, ② copper plating layer adhesion, S5.4, welding performance verification, ① glycerol method, ② arc stability; S6, packaging and storage S6.1, the packaging mode, plastic film + moisture-proof paper + steel drum sealing, S6.2, identification, indicating grade, diameter, batch number, standard and production date, S6.3, storage conditions, dry environment (humidity ≤ 60%), avoid contact with corrosive substances.

[0005] Preferably, the composition of the high-quality solid welding wire contains low-carbon steel 96.5%, rare earth 1.1%, deoxidized silicon 0.9%, alloy vanadium 1.2%, and copper-phosphorus-tungsten carbide mixture 0.3%.

[0006] Preferably, the composition of the multifunctional solid welding wire contains low-carbon steel 95%, rare earth 1.5%, deoxidized silicon 1.3%, alloy vanadium 1.5%, and copper-phosphorus-tungsten carbide mixture 0.7%.

[0007] Preferably, the composition of the high-toughness solid welding wire contains low-carbon steel 95.5%, rare earth 1.3%, deoxidized silicon 1.0%, alloy vanadium 1.5%, and copper-phosphorus-tungsten carbide mixture 0.7%.

[0008] Preferably, the concentration of the electroplating solution is copper sulfate (CuSO4-5H2O) 150~200 g / L, and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) 50~100 g / L.

[0009] Preferably, the parameters of the electrolytic copper plating are current density 3~5 A / dm2, time 10~30 seconds, and copper layer thickness 0.3~0.8 um.

[0010] Preferably, the thickness calculation formula of the copper plating layer is δ=M*I*t*η / n*F*ρ*A.

[0011] Preferably, in the thickness calculation formula of the copper plating layer, δ is the plating layer thickness, unit: um, M is the molar mass of copper, unit: 63.546 g / mol, I is the current intensity, unit: A, t is the electroplating time, unit: s, η is the current efficiency, cyanide copper plating 70-90%, acid copper plating 95-98%, n is the number of electron transfer, Cu 2+ →Cu, n=2, F is the Faraday constant, taking the value of 96485 C / mol, ρ is the copper density, taking the value of 8.96 g / cm³, and A is the plating area, unit: dm².

[0012] Preferably, the annealing process is annealing under a protective atmosphere (Hz or Nz) at a temperature of 650~750℃ for 1~2 hours, and slowly cooling to room temperature.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are: 1、The present application selects low carbon steel and controls the purity of S≤0.010%, P≤0.015% and the size of φ5.5~6.5mm before starting work, then removes the oxide scale by sulfuric acid for 5-10 minutes, then washes by high pressure water, neutralizes the residual acid by alkali to prevent corrosion, and then hot air dries at 100-120 degrees to ensure that the surface is free of moisture, thereby improving the cleanliness of the raw material and increasing the production quality of the thick solid welding wire.

[0014] 2、The present application melts the raw material after pretreatment, then adds rare earth, deoxidized silicon, alloy vanadium and copper phosphorus tungsten mixture to increase the variety of the welding wire according to different environmental needs, then gradually draws the melted metal strip to p2.0~3.0mm by multi-pass wire drawing machine, the reduction rate of each pass is <20%, then uses calcium-based or sodium-based soap powder lubricant with temperature control at 40~60℃, then eliminates work hardening and restores plasticity by intermediate annealing, then anneals under protective atmosphere at a temperature of 650~750℃ for 1~2 hours, slowly cools to room temperature, and finally draws to the target diameter with a tolerance of +0.01mm, the linear speed in the fine drawing stage is ≤15m / s to avoid surface oxidation caused by temperature rise.

[0015] 3、The present application detects C, Mn and Si elements by spectrometer with a deviation of ≤+5%, then tests the tensile strength by tensile testing equipment, then checks the scratch cracks by microscope, then detects the adhesion of copper layer by grid method, then detects the diffusible hydrogen content of the deposited metal by glycerol method ≤5mL / 100g, and finally detects the arc stability of the welding wire to comprehensively detect the welding wire and ensure the production success rate of the welding wire. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] Fig. 1 The preparation flow chart of the high-quality solid welding wire of the present application; Fig. 2 The component content chart of the high-quality solid welding wire of the present application; Fig. 3 The operation logic code chart of the spectrometer detection in the welding wire detection of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, not all. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0018] Embodiment one: Please refer to Figs. 1-3 A method for preparing high-quality solid welding wire, the preparation process comprising the following steps: S1, raw material selection and pretreatment S1.1, wire rod requirements; ① material selection low carbon steel, ② purity strictly control sulfur (S≤0.010%), phosphorus (P≤0.015%) and non-metallic inclusions (B type inclusion≤1.5 level), ③ size initial diameter usually φ5.5~6.5mm, surface without crack, folding defect, S1.2, surface treatment, ① pickling, ② washing and neutralization, ③ drying, before the work starts, the selection of raw materials, the selection of low carbon steel and the purity control of S≤0.010%, P≤0.015%, and the size is controlled in φ5.5~6.5mm, then use sulfuric acid to remove oxide skin, time is 5-10 minutes, then use high pressure water flushing, then use lye to neutralize residual acid, prevent corrosion, then hot air drying at 100-120 degrees, ensure the surface is free of moisture, so as to improve the cleanliness of raw materials and increase the production quality of solid welding wire; S2, drawing forming process S2.1, alloy smelting, ① low carbon steel 95-96.5%, rare earth 1.1%-1.5%, deoxidizing silicon 0.9%-1.3%, alloy vanadium 1.2%-1.5%, copper phosphorus tungsten carbide mixture 0.3%-0.7%, S2.2, rough drawing, ① reducing diameter, ② lubrication, S2.3, intermediate annealing, ① purpose, ② process, S2.4, fine drawing, ① final size, ② speed control, after pretreatment of raw materials, smelting of raw materials, adding rare earth, deoxidizing silicon, alloy vanadium and copper phosphorus tungsten carbide mixture according to different environment needs to increase the variety of welding wire, then use multi-pass wire drawing machine to gradually draw the melted metal strip to p2.0~3.0mm, each pass reducing rate <20%, then use calcium or sodium base soap powder lubricant, temperature control at 40~60℃, then through intermediate annealing, eliminate work hardening, restore plasticity, then annealing under protective atmosphere, temperature 650~750℃, holding time 1~2 hours, slow cooling to room temperature, finally draw to target diameter, tolerance +0.01mm, linear speed ≤15m / s in fine drawing stage, avoid surface oxidation caused by temperature rise; S3, surface treatment S3.1, electrolytic copper plating, ① plating solution composition using copper sulfate and sulfuric acid, ② parameter deployment, S3.2, post-processing, water washing and drying, the plating layer needs to be uniform and not fall off, use copper sulfate (CuSO4-5H2O) 150~200gL, sulfuric acid (H2SO4) 50~100g / L for electroplating, and the parameter setting is current density 3~5A / dm2, time 10~30 seconds, copper layer thickness 0.3~0.8um, after electroplating, water washing and drying, the plating layer needs to be uniform and not fall off; S4, post-processing and finishing S4.1, polishing, polishing with nylon wheel or silicon carbide belt, surface roughness Ras 0.8um, S4.2, cleaning, ultrasonic cleaning (alkaline cleaner) to remove oil, pure water rinsing and drying, S4.3, rust prevention, coating thin layer of anti-rust oil such as mineral oil, vacuum packaging; S5, quality detection and control S5.1, chemical composition analysis, spectrometer detection, S5.2, mechanical property test, ① tensile strength, ② bending test, S5.3, surface quality, ① microscope inspection, ② copper plating layer adhesion, S5.4, welding performance verification, ① glycerol method, ② arc stability, using spectrometer to detect C, Mn, Si elements, deviation ≤ +5%, then using tensile test equipment to test its tensile strength, then microscope observation to check scratch crack, then using grid method to detect copper plating layer adhesion, then using glycerol method to detect the content of diffusible hydrogen in deposited metal ≤5mL / 100g, then detecting the arc stability of welding wire to ensure the success rate of welding wire production; S6, packaging and storage S6.1, packaging method, plastic film + moisture-proof paper + steel drum sealing, S6.2, marking, indicating grade, diameter, batch number, execution standard and production date, S6.3, storage condition, dry environment (humidity ≤60%), avoiding contact with corrosive substances.

[0019] In this embodiment: the composition content of high-quality solid welding wire is low carbon steel 96.5%, rare earth 1.1%, deoxidizing silicon 0.9%, alloy vanadium 1.2%, and copper-phosphorus-tungsten carbide mixture 0.3%.

[0020] In this embodiment: the composition content of multifunctional solid welding wire is low carbon steel 95%, rare earth 1.5%, deoxidizing silicon 1.3%, alloy vanadium 1.5%, and copper-phosphorus-tungsten carbide mixture 0.7%.

[0021] In this embodiment: the composition content of high-toughness solid welding wire is low carbon steel 95.5%, rare earth 1.3%, deoxidizing silicon 1.0%, alloy vanadium 1.5%, and copper-phosphorus-tungsten carbide mixture 0.7%.

[0022] In this embodiment: the concentration of electroplating solution is copper sulfate (CuSO4-5H2O) 150~200g / L and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) 50~100g / L.

[0023] In this embodiment: the parameters of electrolytic copper plating are current density 3~5A / dm2, time 10~30 seconds, and copper layer thickness 0.3~0.8um.

[0024] In this embodiment: the formula for calculating the thickness of copper plating layer is δ=M*I*t*η / n*F*ρ*A.

[0025] In this embodiment: the thickness of the electroplated copper plating layer calculation formula δ is the thickness of the plating layer, the unit is μm, M is the molar mass of copper, the unit is 63.546 g / mol, I is the current intensity, the unit is A, t is the electroplating time, the unit is s, η is the current efficiency, the cyanide copper plating is 70-90%, the acid copper plating is 95-98%, n is the number of electron transfer, Cu 2+ → Cu, n = 2, F is the Faraday constant, the value is 96485 C / mol, ρ is the density of copper, the value is 8.96 g / cm³, A is the plating area, the unit is dm².

[0026] In this embodiment: the annealing process is annealing under a protective atmosphere (Hz or Nz), the temperature is 650-750℃, the holding time is 1-2 hours, and the slow cooling is to room temperature.

[0027] Example two: As shown in the figure, unlike example one, the preparation method of a high-quality solid welding wire in this embodiment includes the following steps: S1, raw material selection and pretreatment S1.1, wire rod requirements; ①material selection low carbon steel, ②pure degree strictly control sulfur (S≤0.010%), phosphorus (P≤0.015%) and non-metallic inclusions (B type inclusions≤1.5 level), ③size initial diameter usually φ5.5~6.5mm, surface without cracks, folding defects, before work starts, the raw material is selected, the low carbon steel is selected, the pure degree is controlled to S≤0.010%, P≤0.015%, and the size is controlled to φ5.5~6.5mm.

[0028] S2, drawing forming process S2.1 rough drawing, ①reduction, ②lubrication, S2.2 intermediate annealing, ①purpose, ②process, S2.3, fine drawing, ①final size, ②speed control, then the melted metal strip is gradually drawn to p2.0~3.0mm by using a multi-pass wire drawing machine, the reduction rate of each pass is <20%, then a calcium-based or sodium-based soap powder lubricant is used, the temperature is controlled at 40~60℃, then the intermediate annealing is used to eliminate work hardening and restore plasticity, then the annealing under a protective atmosphere is used, the temperature is 650~750℃, the holding time is 1~2 hours, and the slow cooling is to room temperature, finally drawn to the target diameter, the tolerance is +0.01mm, the linear speed is ≤15m / s in the fine drawing stage, to avoid surface oxidation caused by temperature rise.

[0029] S3, surface treatment S3.1, electrolytic copper plating, ① plating solution composition using copper sulfate and sulfuric acid, ② parameter setting, S3.2, post-processing, water washing and drying, the plating layer needs to be uniform and not to fall off, using copper sulfate (CuSO4-5H2O) 150~200g / L, sulfuric acid (H2SO4) 50~100g / L for electroplating, and the parameter setting is current density 3~5A / dm2, time 10~30 seconds, copper layer thickness 0.3~0.8um, water washing after electroplating and drying, the plating layer needs to be uniform and not to fall off.

[0030] S4, post-processing and finishing S4.1, polishing, using nylon wheel or silicon carbide abrasive belt polishing, surface roughness Ras 0.8um, S4.2, cleaning, ultrasonic cleaning (alkaline cleaner) to remove oil stains, pure water rinsing and drying, S4.3, rust prevention treatment, coating a thin layer of rust-proof oil such as mineral oil, vacuum packaging.

[0031] S5 packaging and storage S5.1, packaging method, plastic film + moisture-proof paper + steel drum sealing, S5.2, marking, indicating grade, diameter, batch number, execution standard and production date, S5.3, storage condition, dry environment (humidity ≤60%), avoiding contact with corrosive substances.

[0032] In summary: compared with example two, the raw material can be selected before work starts in this embodiment, low carbon steel is selected and the purity is controlled to S≤0.010%, P≤0.015%, and the size is controlled to φ5.5~6.5mm, then the sulfuric acid is used to remove the oxide skin for 5-10 minutes, then high-pressure water is used for washing, and the residual acid is neutralized with alkali to prevent corrosion, then hot air drying is carried out at 100-120 degrees to ensure that the surface is free of moisture, thereby improving the cleanliness of the raw material and increasing the production quality of the solid welding wire.

[0033] It should be noted that, in this text, relational terms such as first and second are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "contain" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such process, method, article or equipment.

[0034] While embodiments of the application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that the embodiments described are merely exemplary of the principles and application of the present application. Numerous modifications and adaptions can be effected without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, which is not limited to the exact construction and arrangement described. It is intended, therefore, to cover all modifications and adaptions that fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for preparing high-quality solid welding wire, characterized in that: Its preparation method includes the following steps: S1. Raw material selection and pretreatment S1.1 Requirements for wire rod: ① Material: low carbon steel; ② Purity: strictly controlled sulfur (S) ≤ 0.010%, phosphorus (P) ≤ 0.015%, and non-metallic inclusions, with B-class inclusions ≤ 1.5 grade; ③ Dimensions: initial diameter is usually φ5.5~6.5mm, surface free of cracks and folding defects; S1.2 Surface treatment: ① Pickling; ② Water washing and neutralization; ③ Drying. S2, drawing forming process S2.1 Alloy smelting: ① Low carbon steel 95-96.5%, rare earth 1.1%-1.5%, deoxidized silicon 0.9%-1.3%, alloy vanadium 1.2%-1.5%, copper-phosphorus-tungsten carbide mixture 0.3%-0.7%; S2.2 Rough drawing: ① Diameter reduction, ② Lubrication; S2.3 Intermediate annealing: ① Purpose, ② Process; S2.4 Fine drawing: ① Final dimensions, ② Speed ​​control. S3, Surface Treatment S3.1 Electrolytic copper plating: ① The plating solution consists of copper sulfate and sulfuric acid. ② Parameters are adjusted. S3.2 Post-treatment: After rinsing with water, the plating layer must be uniform and free of peeling. S4. Post-processing and finishing S4.1 Polishing: Polish with nylon wheels or silicon carbide abrasive belts to achieve a surface roughness of Ras 0.8um. ​​S4.2 Cleaning: Ultrasonic cleaning, alkaline cleaning agent to remove oil stains, rinse with pure water and dry. S4.3 Rust prevention treatment: Apply a thin layer of rust-preventive oil such as mineral oil and vacuum pack. S5. Quality Inspection and Control S5.1 Chemical composition analysis, spectrometer detection; S5.2 Mechanical property testing, ① tensile strength, ② bending test; S5.3 Surface quality, ① microscopic examination, ② copper plating adhesion; S5.4 Welding performance verification, ① glycerol method, ② arc stability. S6. Packaging and Storage S6.1 Packaging method: plastic film + moisture-proof paper + sealed steel drum; S6.2 Labeling: indicate brand, diameter, batch number, implementation standard and production date; S6.3 Storage conditions: dry environment, humidity ≤60%, avoid contact with corrosive substances.

2. The method for preparing a high-quality solid welding wire according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-quality solid welding wire contains 96.5% low-carbon steel, 1.1% rare earth elements, 0.9% deoxidized silicon, 1.2% vanadium alloy, and 0.3% copper-phosphorus-tungsten carbide mixture.

3. The method for preparing a high-quality solid welding wire according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multifunctional solid welding wire contains 95% low-carbon steel, 1.5% rare earth elements, 1.3% deoxidized silicon, 1.5% vanadium alloy, and 0.7% copper-phosphorus-tungsten carbide mixture.

4. The method for preparing a high-quality solid welding wire according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-toughness solid welding wire contains 95.5% low-carbon steel, 1.3% rare earth, 1.0% deoxidized silicon, 1.5% alloy vanadium, and 0.7% copper-phosphorus-tungsten carbide mixture.

5. The method for preparing a high-quality solid welding wire according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electroplating solution has the following concentrations: copper sulfate CuSO4-5H2O, 150-200 g / L; sulfuric acid (H2SO4), 50-100 g / L.

6. The method for preparing a high-quality solid welding wire according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrolytic copper plating parameters are: current density 3~5A / dm2, time 10~30 seconds, and copper layer thickness 0.3~0.8um.

7. The method for preparing a high-quality solid welding wire according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formula for calculating the thickness of the electroplated copper layer is δ=M*I*t*η / n*F*ρ*A.

8. The method for preparing a high-quality solid welding wire according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the formula for calculating the thickness of the electroplated copper coating, δ is the coating thickness in μm, M is the molar mass of copper (63.546 g / mol), I is the current intensity in A, t is the electroplating time in s, η is the current efficiency (70-90% for cyanide copper plating, 95-98% for acidic copper plating), and n is the number of electrons transferred (Cu). 2+ →Cu, n=2, F is the Faraday constant, with a value of 96485 C / mol, ρ is the density of copper, with a value of 8.96 g / cm³, and A is the plating area in dm².

9. The method for preparing a high-quality solid welding wire according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annealing process involves annealing under a protective atmosphere at Hz or Nz, at a temperature of 650~750℃, holding at that temperature for 1~2 hours, and then slowly cooling to room temperature.

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