Morchella sextelata and application thereof
By planting morel mushroom MSP161 on soil with continuous cropping obstacles, and using specific culture media and cultivation methods, the problem of planting morel mushroom varieties on soil with continuous cropping obstacles was solved, achieving high yield and high disease resistance, and making it suitable for the cultivation and breeding of morel mushrooms in complex climatic environments.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511429219.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-08
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-19
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
Existing morel mushroom varieties, such as the Six Sister Morel, have difficulty germinating, poor seedling growth, numerous pests and diseases, low yields, and varietal degeneration when planted in soils with continuous cropping obstacles. They are also difficult to adapt to complex and changeable climatic environments, and there are no reports of large-scale commercial artificial cultivation of the Nine Sister Morel.
Using the Morchella exuberans strain MSP161, we cultivated it on soil with continuous cropping obstacles through specific culture media and cultivation methods. The culture media consisted of potato glucose medium, wood shavings, wheat, rice husks, sawdust, etc. Combined with appropriate water and temperature management, we achieved high-efficiency growth and high disease resistance.
It has achieved high yields (300-350 kg/mu), long growth period (140-150 days), and high quality rate (greater than 98%) on soils with continuous cropping obstacles. It is resistant to high temperature and disease, and is suitable for morel cultivation and breeding in areas with rapid spring warming.
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Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the field of biology, and in particular to a Morchella exuberans and its application. BACKGROUND
[0002] Morchella spp. belongs to Ascomycota, Pezizomycetes, Pezizales, Morchellaceae and Morchella Dill. ex Pers. This rare edible and medicinal fungus is named "Morchella" because its head has a unique uneven surface, which resembles a sheep's stomach. Currently, more than 90% of the Morchella available in fresh supermarkets and e-commerce platforms are Morchella sextelata, whether fresh or dried. However, the existing Morchella sextelata still has problems such as short fruiting period, low yield, variety degradation, and inability to adapt to the current complex and changing climate environment (fruiting body temperature adaptation range 10-20℃), and low rate of fine products.
[0003] Morchella exuberans belongs to Morchellaceae and Morchella spp. and is a separate species, with a classification status comparable to Morchella sextelata and Morchella septelata. Morchella exuberans has the following advantages: first, it has a large and thick cap, with high economic value; second, it has a much higher high-temperature tolerance than Morchella sextelata, and can be used in areas with rapid temperature rise in spring and areas prone to high temperatures. However, Morchella exuberans has a longer growth period, and therefore large-scale commercial cultivation has not been reported.
[0004] Continuous cropping obstacle, also known as crop replant disorder or replant problem, refers to the difficulty in seedling emergence, poor growth of seedlings, increased pests and diseases, reduced yield, and deterioration of varieties when the same crop or closely related crops are continuously planted on the same land under conventional cultivation and management. This phenomenon widely affects the planting of food crops, economic crops, vegetables, trees, and medicinal materials, and has become a major obstacle to the development of planting industry in China. Its causes include soil microorganisms, soil enzymes, soil-borne diseases, and allelopathic autotoxicity, among which an important reason is the imbalance of soil microbial ecology. Since the commercial cultivation of Morchella was successful, soil and continuous cropping have become obstacles to the sustainable development of Morchella. Therefore, it is necessary to breed new Morchella varieties that can be planted on soils where the original varieties have encountered continuous cropping obstacles. SUMMARY
[0005] The present application aims to provide a Morchella exuberans strain MSP161 (Morchella exuberans), with a preservation number of CCTCC NO: M 20251115.
[0006] Another object of the present application is to provide the application of the Morchella exuberans in the cultivation and breeding of Morchella.
[0007] Another object of the present application is to provide the application of the Morchella exuberans in the cultivation and breeding of Morchella.
[0008] In the preferred technical solution of the present application, the original Morchella variety is any one or a combination of Morchella sexta and Morchella septa.
[0009] Unless otherwise specified, when the present application refers to the percentage between liquids, the percentage is volume / volume percentage; when the present application refers to the percentage between liquids and solids, the percentage is volume / weight percentage; when the present application refers to the percentage between solids and liquids, the percentage is weight / volume percentage; and the rest is weight / weight percentage.
[0010] Definitions of terms in the present application:
[0011] 1. The boutique rate = boutique Morchella / total Morchella * 100%, and the boutique Morchella is mature Morchella fruiting body cap 4-8 cm, without damage, insect damage, disease, etc.
[0012] 2. The fruiting period is the time from the appearance of the primordium to the end of the harvest of the mature fruiting body.
[0013] The present application adopts the following detection methods for detection:
[0014] Amino acids: GB 5009.124-2016; proteins: GB 5009.5-2016 first method; fats: GB 5009.6-2016 first method; crude polysaccharides: NY / T 1676-2023.
[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the beneficial technical effects including:
[0016] The Morchella exuberans MSP161 scientifically screened by the present application is planted on the soil where the original variety appears continuous cropping obstacles, and the yield can reach 300-350 kg / acre, and the growth period is 140-150 days. The product has high nutritional ingredient content, and the fruiting body has high temperature resistance and high disease resistance characteristics, and can be used as a regional planting variety in the spring rapid warming area, and has a high boutique rate (more than 98%), and is used for Morchella cultivation and breeding.
[0017] Biological material preservation
[0018] The strain described in the application is named Morchella exuberans MSP161, which was submitted for preservation on May 19, 2025, and the preservation number is CCTCC NO: M 20251115. The preservation unit is the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), and the preservation address is the Wuhan University Preservation Center. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0019] Figure 1 Morphology of cultivated fruiting bodies of Morchella exuberans DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] The application will be described below with reference to examples. However, the application is not limited to the examples.
[0021] Potato dextrose agar (PDA): 200 g of potato, 20 g of glucose, 20 g of agar, 1 L of water, and natural pH.
[0022] Master culture medium: after the shavings are soaked in water for 1 day, the wheat is soaked in water for 2-3 days, and then taken out, and the soil, shavings, and wheat are mixed at a volume ratio of 35%, 60%, and 5%, respectively, and the water content is controlled at 50-55%, to obtain the master culture medium.
[0023] Cultivation species culture medium: after the wheat is soaked in water for 2-3 days, the shavings, chaff, and sawdust are soaked in water for 1 day, and then taken out, and the wheat, soil, chaff, shavings, sawdust, and lime are mixed at a volume ratio of 30%, 8.5%, 20%, 20%, 20%, and 1.5%, respectively, and the water content is controlled at 50-60%, to obtain the cultivation species culture medium.
[0024] Nutrient conversion bag (polypropylene corner bag with a size of 12 mm x 24 mm): after the wheat is soaked in water for 2-3 days, the chaff is soaked in water for 1 day, and then taken out, and the wheat and chaff are mixed at a volume ratio of 95% and 5% in each bag, respectively, and the water content is controlled at 50-55%, to obtain the nutrient conversion bag (350-380 g / bag).
[0025] Example Screening of Morchella exuberans strain
[0026] Morchella exuberans was identified by morphology and ITS sequence analysis using wild Morchella fruiting bodies purchased in Xichang City, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in 2021. A series of strains were obtained by multiple spore isolation, and an excellent strain was selected through preliminary screening, rescreening, regional testing, and production testing. The Morchella strain was obtained by tissue isolation culture, and was identified as Morchella exuberans by molecular identification, numbered MSP161, and was deposited on May 19, 2025. The deposit number is CCTCC NO: M 20251115. The deposit unit is the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), and the deposit address is the Wuhan University Deposit Center.
[0027] Test Example 1 Production test study of Morchella MSP161 of the present application
[0028] Production tests were carried out in Nianma Street, Jianyang City, Sichuan Province in 2024-2025. The test site has been planted with Morchella sextelata and Morchella septimelata for many years and many times, and although rotation and other methods are used to plant in the middle, the continuous cropping obstacles of Morchella have become increasingly serious, and the original varieties have become very difficult to fruit in this area.
[0029] The test results show that strain MSP161 can reach about 311.4 kg per mu in two-year heavy land, and has excellent commodity properties. The control group is Morchella sextelata sold in the market, which sporadically fruits and has deformed mushrooms, with about 20 kg per mu. The fruiting body of the strain is large in size, thick in cap thickness, resistant to high temperature and strong in disease resistance, and has strong demonstration and application value.
[0030] The specific steps are as follows:
[0031] (1) inoculate Morchella MSP161 of the present application into PDA culture medium, cultivate at 20°C for 7 days to obtain mother blocks, and inoculate the vigorous mother blocks (2 cm x 2 cm) into original culture medium, cultivate at 20°C for 15 days to obtain Morchella original culture;
[0032] (2) inoculate 20 g of Morchella original culture of step (1) into sterilized cultivation culture medium, seal, and cultivate at 20°C for 20-30 days to obtain Morchella cultivation;
[0033] (3) inoculate 300-500 g / m 2The seeding amount of the cultivated Morel of the step (2) is seeded on the cultivation ridge. The cultivation ridge is a high ridge, the ridge surface is 1-1.2 m wide and 20 cm high, and a 50 cm passageway is reserved. The seeding mode is ditch seeding or scattering seeding. In ditch seeding, a ditch is opened on the ridge surface, the ditch is 15-20 cm wide, and the ditch interval is 20-30 cm. The spawn is uniformly seeded in the ditch, and the soil is covered by 3-5 cm. In scattering seeding, the spawn is uniformly scattered on the ridge surface and all the soil is covered. About 7-10 days later, the mycelium grows out of the ground to form a small amount of mycelium, and 5-8 bags / m 2 The sterilized nutrient conversion bag is placed, and the soil moisture is kept at about 50%-55%, and appropriate ventilation is performed during the period. The fruiting is started after 95-105 days of seeding, and the fruiting is harvested after 15-18 days. The temperature is not higher than 25℃, the soil moisture is kept at 55-60%, and the air humidity is kept at 85-90%.
[0034] The mature fruiting body cap is light brown to medium brown, nearly oval, the cap rib density is extremely dense, and the cap longitudinal rib is extremely obvious. Figure 1 The cap length is 61 mm-94 mm, the cap width is 32 mm-66 mm, and the cap thickness is 8 mm-17 mm. The fruiting body is large in size, and the cap thickness is thick. The fruiting body growth temperature range is 10.0℃-27.0℃, the optimum temperature is 15.0℃-22.0℃, the fruiting body has the characteristics of high temperature resistance and high disease resistance, and can be used as a regional planting variety in the spring rapid warming area.
[0035] The main nutrient components of the fruiting body, such as crude protein, crude fat and total amino acid content, are detected, and the results show that the water content of 100 g of fresh sample is 55.8 g, the crude polysaccharide is 2.9 g, the crude protein is 15 g, and the total amino acid is 10.6 g. The specific disease of the variety is not found, the product can be harvested in time after reaching the harvesting standard, and the fine product rate is greater than 98%.
[0036] The description of the specific embodiments of the present application does not limit the present application, and various changes or modifications can be made to the present application by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present application, and all the changes or modifications shall belong to the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A strain of Morchella exuberans MSP 161, with accession number CCTCC NO: M20251115.
2. The application of morel mushrooms as described in claim 1 in the cultivation and breeding of morel mushrooms.
3. The application of the morel mushroom as described in claim 1 in the cultivation of morel mushrooms in soil where the original variety has encountered continuous cropping obstacles.
4. The application as described in claim 3, wherein the original morel mushroom variety is any one of morel mushrooms (such as *Morchella esculenta* or *Morchella esculenta*) or a combination thereof.