A hydraulic engineering construction monitoring system and method

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of engineering monitoring, and relates to a water conservancy project construction monitoring system and method, which comprises the following steps: constructing an in-situ double-field sensing array containing stress sensing points and environmental reference points according to three-dimensional space coordinates; integrating and generating homologous differential sensing signals; generating real-time response data streams after verification; generating pure structural damage characteristics containing real strain values; comparing the pure structural damage characteristics with preset physical rule triggers to match and identify predefined physical defect response modes, binding the response modes with three-dimensional space coordinates of a co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe to generate a diagnosis record, integrating the physical defect response modes with construction process data to form a joint evidence set containing physical phenomena and process parameters. The application solves the problem that misjudgment or missed judgment often occurs due to the dependence on empirical formulas or temperature reference points arranged at a long distance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of engineering monitoring, and relates to a water conservancy engineering construction monitoring system and method. Background Technology

[0002] As a crucial component of national infrastructure construction, the structural safety and durability of water conservancy projects are of paramount importance. For large concrete structures such as dams and locks, the internal stress state and structural integrity are key factors determining the success or failure of the project during construction and long-term service. Concrete, as a heterogeneous material, is highly susceptible to initial defects such as voids, segregation, and microcracks during pouring, vibration, and curing. These defects are often hidden within the structure and difficult to detect through surface observation, posing serious safety hazards. Changes in ambient temperature and humidity cause thermal expansion and contraction of concrete. This non-stressed deformation, combined with the stress deformation generated by external loads, presents a significant challenge to accurately assessing the true stress level.

[0003] Currently, the commonly used technologies in the industry include point monitoring devices such as embedded strain gauges and temperature sensors, as well as periodic non-destructive testing such as ultrasonic and radar tests. Embedded sensors are usually single-function; for example, strain gauges can only measure strain and cannot simultaneously sense the integrity of the surrounding medium structure. While non-destructive testing can detect structural defects, it is usually a periodic, large-scale scan, and the results are easily affected by the field environment, making it impossible to accurately distinguish between structural stress changes and signal drift caused by environmental factors. The separate acquisition and post-analysis of multi-source heterogeneous data leads to a mismatch between temporal and spatial information.

[0004] Based on the above problems, the drawbacks of traditional monitoring methods are data fragmentation and information interference. They often rely on empirical formulas or temperature reference points placed at long distances, which often leads to misjudgments or omissions. They cannot provide high signal-to-noise ratio and high reliability real-time feedback for the construction process, thus missing the best opportunity to discover and correct process defects in a timely manner during the construction phase. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for monitoring the construction of water conservancy projects, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for monitoring the construction of water conservancy projects includes the following steps:

[0007] S1. Obtain the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe and the reference anchor of the same material, and construct an in-situ dual-field sensing array containing stress sensing points and environmental reference points based on the three-dimensional spatial coordinates.

[0008] S2. The co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe of the in-situ dual-field sensing array generates the probe grating signal and the acoustic resonant spectrum, drives the reference anchor of the same material to generate the reference anchor grating signal, and integrates and generates the same source differential sensing signal.

[0009] S3. The mechanical feedback generated by the acoustic resonant spectrum in the differential induction signal is coupled with the external loading stress measured by the probe grating signal for verification. Based on whether the verification result is a structural integrity response or a real-time defect response, a real-time response data stream after verification is generated.

[0010] S4. Extract the environmental drift represented by the reference anchor grating signal from the verified real-time response data stream, and subtract the environmental drift from the probe grating signal to obtain the true strain value, generating a pure structural damage feature containing the true strain value.

[0011] S5. The pure structural damage characteristics are compared with the preset physical rule triggers to match and identify the predefined physical defect response patterns, and the response patterns are bound to the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe to generate diagnostic records.

[0012] S6. Based on the predefined physical defect response pattern of the diagnostic record, call the construction process data associated with the three-dimensional spatial coordinates, integrate the physical defect response pattern with the construction process data, and form a joint evidence set containing physical phenomena and process parameters.

[0013] A further aspect of this invention involves constructing an in-situ dual-field sensing array comprising stress sensing points and environmental reference points, including the following steps:

[0014] A common cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe is implanted into the target stress monitoring area of ​​a concrete structure in a hydraulic engineering project.

[0015] A reference anchor of the same material is implanted into the free suspension area near the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe to form a differential measurement reference.

[0016] The three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe and the reference anchor in the engineering coordinate system were measured and recorded, and an in-situ dual-field sensing array containing stress sensing points and environmental reference points was constructed.

[0017] A further aspect of the present invention integrates and generates differential sensing signals from the same source, comprising the following steps:

[0018] A continuous optical signal is applied to the micro-grating strain gauge in the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe and the reference anchor to monitor the optical wavelength drift caused by minute deformation in real time.

[0019] While monitoring the optical signal, the piezoelectric acoustic wave emitting unit inside the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe is driven to emit acoustic waves of a predetermined spectrum into the concrete, and the receiving unit collects the acoustic wave resonance spectrum after penetration or reflection.

[0020] The probe grating signal, probe acoustic wave signal and reference anchor grating signal collected at the same time are integrated to generate a common source differential induction signal.

[0021] A further aspect of the present invention involves generating a verified real-time response data stream, comprising the following steps:

[0022] The strain fluctuation of the grating signal of the quantization probe exerts a squeezing force on the hydraulic microcapsule inside the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe. This squeezing force self-compensates and adjusts the contact coupling pressure between the piezoelectric acoustic transceiver unit and the concrete.

[0023] The mechanical feedback generated by the acoustic resonant spectrum acting on the hydraulic microcapsule was analyzed and compared with the external loading stress received by the grating strain gauge in terms of time and frequency.

[0024] When acoustic resonant feedback is coupled with external applied stress, the structural integrity response is determined. When there is feedback delay or spectrum splitting, the real-time defect response is determined, and a verified real-time response data stream is generated.

[0025] A further aspect of the present invention generates pure structural damage features containing true strain values, comprising the following steps:

[0026] Extract the amount of environmental drift generated by the reference anchor grating signal from the real-time response data stream after force-acoustic coupling verification;

[0027] By subtracting the environmental drift from the grating signal of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe, the true strain value reflecting only the external load and internal defects is obtained. This true strain value serves as the core component of the pure structural damage characteristics.

[0028] A further aspect of the present invention, generating pure structural damage features containing true strain values, further includes the following steps:

[0029] The amount of environmental drift is compared with a preset material degradation threshold.

[0030] When the amount of environmental drift exceeds the material degradation threshold, a global material degradation warning is triggered, and the generated pure structural damage features are marked with a degradation background.

[0031] A further aspect of the present invention involves matching and identifying predefined physical defect response patterns, including the following steps:

[0032] Detect whether there is a sudden surge in the actual strain value;

[0033] Simultaneously determine whether there is a delay in the acoustic resonant feedback that exceeds a preset delay threshold;

[0034] When both conditions are met simultaneously, namely the instantaneous surge in the actual strain value and the excessive delay of the acoustic resonant feedback, the matching is the vibration under-response mode.

[0035] Check whether the actual strain value is within the preset normal operating range;

[0036] Simultaneously determine whether there is a split in the main frequency peak of the acoustic wave resonance spectrum;

[0037] When both conditions are met—that the actual strain value is within the normal range and that the acoustic resonant spectrum splits—the matching is a microcrack propagation response mode.

[0038] A further aspect of the present invention involves forming a joint evidence set comprising physical phenomena and process parameters, including the following steps:

[0039] If the response mode is insufficient vibration, the high-frequency vibration trajectory recorder of the vibrator in the area surrounding the probe coordinate point is invoked to extract the vibration count and duration data.

[0040] If the response mode is microcrack propagation, the material temperature history recorder corresponding to the probe coordinate point is invoked to extract the temperature gradient change data after concrete pouring.

[0041] The physical response model is integrated with the corresponding construction process data to form a joint evidence set that includes physical phenomena and process parameters.

[0042] A further aspect of the present invention involves extracting the vibration frequency and duration data, including the following steps:

[0043] If the physical defect response mode that is successfully matched is the insufficient vibration response mode, then the high-frequency vibration trajectory recorder of the vibrator in the surrounding area of ​​the three-dimensional spatial coordinates is invoked to extract the vibration count and duration data as construction process data.

[0044] Secondly, the present invention provides a water conservancy project construction monitoring system, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0045] A water conservancy project construction monitoring system includes the following modules:

[0046] The in-situ dual-field sensing array construction module is used to acquire the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe and the reference anchor of the same material, and to construct an in-situ dual-field sensing array containing stress sensing points and environmental reference points based on the three-dimensional spatial coordinates.

[0047] The same source differential signal acquisition module is used to drive the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe of the in-situ dual-field sensing array to generate probe grating signals and acoustic resonant spectra, drive the reference anchor of the same material to generate reference anchor grating signals, and integrate and generate the same source differential sensing signals.

[0048] The force-acoustic coupling verification module performs coupling verification based on the mechanical feedback generated by the acoustic resonant spectrum in the differential induction signal and the external loading stress measured by the probe grating signal. Depending on whether the verification result is a structural integrity response or a real-time defect response, it generates a real-time response data stream after verification.

[0049] The environmental drift differential correction module extracts the environmental drift represented by the reference anchor grating signal from the calibrated real-time response data stream, and subtracts the environmental drift from the probe grating signal to obtain the true strain value, generating a pure structural damage feature containing the true strain value.

[0050] The physical defect pattern recognition module compares the pure structural damage features with preset physical rule triggers to match and identify predefined physical defect response patterns, and binds the response pattern to the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe to generate a diagnostic record.

[0051] The construction process dynamic association module, based on the predefined physical defect response patterns in the diagnostic records, calls the construction process data associated with the three-dimensional spatial coordinates, integrates the physical defect response patterns with the construction process data, and forms a joint evidence set containing physical phenomena and process parameters.

[0052] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0053] 1. Through innovative sensing mechanisms and data processing methods, high-precision and high-reliability real-time monitoring of the internal physical state of concrete structures in hydraulic engineering projects has been achieved. Utilizing a shared-cavity probe integrating micro-force and acoustic sensing units, it can simultaneously acquire two completely different but intrinsically related signals—stress and structural integrity—at the same physical point. This co-source, co-location data acquisition method fundamentally solves the spatiotemporal mismatch problem caused by the separate deployment of sensors in traditional methods, providing unprecedented high-fidelity raw data for accurate analysis of structural responses.

[0054] 2. By constructing an in-situ differential measurement array containing stress sensing points and environmental reference points, the accuracy of monitoring results is greatly improved. By pairing the stressed probe with a non-stressed reference anchor of the same material, the system can capture and eliminate non-stressed deformations caused by environmental factors such as temperature and humidity in real time and accurately, thus obtaining pure strain signals caused only by external loads and internal structural defects. An efficient adaptive environmental noise cancellation mechanism significantly reduces the false alarm rate, enabling the monitoring system to operate stably in complex construction site environments, thereby outputting reliable results with a high signal-to-noise ratio.

[0055] 3. An intrinsic self-verification mechanism based on force-acoustic coupling verification is proposed, significantly enhancing the determinism of defect identification. The system not only passively receives signals but also actively analyzes the physical linkage between stress changes and acoustic responses. When the mechanical and acoustic signals corroborate each other, the structure is confirmed to be intact; otherwise, a defect is identified. This internally consistent verification process acts like adding a "true / false" filter to the monitoring data, effectively identifying and marking signal anomalies caused by voids, cracks, etc., achieving early, high-confidence warnings of structural defects. Attached Figure Description

[0056] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. The drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0057] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating an embodiment of this application is disclosed.

[0058] Figure 2 Structural schematic diagrams of embodiments of this application are disclosed. Detailed Implementation

[0059] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0060] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1-2 A preferred description of the present invention is provided below.

[0061] See attached document Figure 1 This invention proposes a method for monitoring the construction of water conservancy projects, comprising the following steps:

[0062] S1. Obtain the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe and the reference anchor of the same material, and construct an in-situ dual-field sensing array containing stress sensing points and environmental reference points based on the three-dimensional spatial coordinates.

[0063] S2. The co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe of the in-situ dual-field sensing array generates the probe grating signal and the acoustic resonant spectrum, drives the reference anchor of the same material to generate the reference anchor grating signal, and integrates and generates the same source differential sensing signal.

[0064] S3. The mechanical feedback generated by the acoustic resonant spectrum in the differential induction signal is coupled with the external loading stress measured by the probe grating signal for verification. Based on whether the verification result is a structural integrity response or a real-time defect response, a real-time response data stream after verification is generated.

[0065] S4. Extract the environmental drift represented by the reference anchor grating signal from the verified real-time response data stream, and subtract the environmental drift from the probe grating signal to obtain the true strain value, generating a pure structural damage feature containing the true strain value.

[0066] S5. The pure structural damage characteristics are compared with the preset physical rule triggers to match and identify the predefined physical defect response patterns, and the response patterns are bound to the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe to generate diagnostic records.

[0067] S6. Based on the predefined physical defect response pattern of the diagnostic record, call the construction process data associated with the three-dimensional spatial coordinates, integrate the physical defect response pattern with the construction process data, and form a joint evidence set containing physical phenomena and process parameters.

[0068] In one embodiment of the present invention, step S1 includes the following steps:

[0069] A co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe is implanted into the target stress monitoring area of ​​the concrete structure of the hydraulic engineering project, and a reference anchor of the same material is implanted into the free suspension area near the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe, which is not subject to force, to form an in-situ dual-field sensing array containing stress sensing points and environmental reference points.

[0070] Specifically, key monitoring areas are selected as target stress monitoring zones, such as the pouring surface of a dam or the structural joint between new and old concrete. The target stress monitoring zone refers to a specific three-dimensional spatial area, determined by engineering design and safety assessment, where stress is most concentrated or most prone to change during the service life of the concrete structure. For the selected target stress monitoring zone, an industrial-grade electric hammer is used to drill a hole with a diameter matching the outer diameter of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe. The co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe is a composite sensor, integrating a sensing element for detecting minute strains and an acoustic transducer for emitting and receiving sound waves. Both are encapsulated in the same sealed metal cavity, simultaneously acquiring stress and structural medium information. The hole depth ensures that the probe's tip can be completely embedded inside the concrete.

[0071] A co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe is placed into the borehole and stable pressure is applied, ensuring close contact between the tungsten carbide transmission head at the probe's tip and the concrete substrate at the bottom of the borehole. This guarantees effective transmission of mechanical and acoustic signals. The tungsten carbide transmission head is a highly hardened and wear-resistant component at the front end of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe, ensuring a stable mechanical contact surface between the probe and the concrete substrate. In a free-floating zone at a predetermined safe distance from the installed probe, the zone is pre-checked using a rebar detector to confirm the absence of reinforcing bars or embedded parts. A reference anchor of the same material is implanted in the free-floating zone in the same manner, ensuring that the free end of the reference anchor is completely encased in concrete and does not contact any objects that might transmit structural stress. This establishes a measurement benchmark that is only affected by environmental factors.

[0072] The preset safety distance is the minimum installation spacing between the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe and the reference anchor. This preset safety distance is set based on the finite element simulation analysis results of the stress transmission range of the target structure, and is typically set to 50mm. The reference anchor is a sensing device with the exact same structure and materials as the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe. Its function is limited to measuring only the non-stressed deformation of the material caused by changes in ambient temperature and humidity, serving as a benchmark to eliminate environmental interference. The free-floating zone is a special location selected for installing the reference anchor. Structurally isolated from the main force transmission path, the free-floating zone ensures that the implanted reference anchor is not affected by external loads or structural stresses.

[0073] Using total stations or 3D laser scanners and related surveying equipment, the 3D spatial coordinates of each co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe and its paired reference anchor in the engineering coordinate system are measured and recorded. The 3D spatial coordinate data is bound to the unique identification codes of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe and the reference anchor. A physical-level in-situ dual-field sensing array is constructed, consisting of stress-sensing points and environmental reference points. This in-situ dual-field sensing array is a distributed monitoring network composed of at least one set of co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probes and reference anchors, and includes the identification code and 3D spatial coordinates of each sensing unit.

[0074] For example, during the pouring of concrete in a new dam construction project, the interface between the second-phase pouring layer and the first-phase pouring layer was selected as the target stress monitoring area. A 15cm deep hole was drilled at the center of the interface using a 25mm diameter drill bit. A co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe, designated P08, was implanted, ensuring its tungsten carbide transmission head was firmly against the bottom of the hole. Based on the finite element simulation analysis of the stress transmission range of the target structure, a preset safety distance of 50cm was set. 50cm above and to the side of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe designated P08, a free-floating area without reinforcing steel was identified using a rebar detector, and a reference anchor of the same material, designated A08, was implanted at this location. The three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the reference anchor designated A08 were measured using a total station as (150.23m, 45.78m, 92.11m). The successful deployment of this pair of co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probes (P08) and reference anchors (A08) constitutes the basic unit of a complete in-situ dual-field sensing array.

[0075] In one embodiment of the present invention, step S2 includes the following steps:

[0076] A continuous optical signal is applied to the micro-grating strain gauges inside the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe and the reference anchor of the same material to monitor the wavelength drift of the light caused by the minute deformation in real time. While monitoring the continuous optical signal, the piezoelectric acoustic wave emitting unit inside the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe is driven to emit sound waves of a predetermined spectrum into the interior of the concrete, and the receiving unit collects the resonant spectrum of the sound waves after penetration or reflection. The grating signal of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe, the acoustic wave signal of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe, and the grating signal of the reference anchor are integrated at the same time to generate a homogeneous differential induction signal containing three dimensions of stress, structure, and environmental reference.

[0077] Specifically, the broadband light source and optical signal demodulator are connected via optical fibers to the micro-grating strain gauges inside the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe and the reference anchor, respectively. The micro-grating strain gauge is an optical sensor based on optical fiber, its core being an optical fiber etched with periodic refractive index changes. Its function is to convert minute changes in its length into changes in the wavelength of reflected light. The data acquisition system continuously emits broadband optical signals to the two micro-grating strain gauges. After reflection by the micro-grating strain gauges, the broadband light source and optical signal demodulator capture the center wavelength of the reflected light in real time. When the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe undergoes minute deformation due to concrete stress, or when the probe head and the reference anchor simultaneously expand and contract due to changes in ambient temperature, the micro-grating strain gauges inside the probe are stretched or compressed, causing a shift in the center wavelength of the reflected light. This shift refers to the change in the center wavelength of the reflected light signal relative to its initial strain-free state.

[0078] While monitoring continuous broadband optical signals, the signal generator of the data acquisition system generates electrical pulse signals to drive the piezoelectric acoustic wave emitting unit inside the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe. Excited by the electrical pulses, the piezoelectric acoustic wave emitting unit vibrates, emitting sound waves with a predetermined spectrum into the concrete it contacts. These predetermined spectrum sound waves are designed ultrasonic pulses, with the frequency range set according to the concrete density and detection depth. The setting is typically between 50kHz and 200kHz, ensuring sufficient penetration depth. As the predetermined spectrum sound waves propagate through the concrete, they are reflected or scattered when encountering interfaces between different media such as aggregates, pores, or cracks. A portion of the sound wave energy returns and is captured by the piezoelectric acoustic wave receiving unit inside the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe. The sound wave vibration received by the piezoelectric acoustic wave receiving unit is converted back into an electrical signal, i.e., the acoustic resonant spectrum.

[0079] A piezoelectric acoustic transceiver unit is a device that operates using the piezoelectric effect. It can convert electrical signals into high-frequency sound waves for transmission and vice versa, thus realizing the functions of sound wave transmission and reception. The acoustic resonant spectrum is a frequency distribution diagram obtained after the received sound wave signal has undergone a Fourier transform. The amplitude of different frequency components in the diagram reflects the energy attenuation and scattering of the sound wave along its propagation path inside the concrete.

[0080] The data acquisition system uses a high-precision clock to timestamp each frame of acquired data. At any nanosecond-level precision, the system integrates three data streams: the grating signal from the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe, the acoustic signal from the same probe, and the grating signal from the reference anchor. These three sets of timestamped data are encapsulated into a data packet, forming a homogeneous differential sensing signal encompassing stress, structural, and environmental benchmarks. The homogeneous differential sensing signal is a data tuple that, at the same timestamp, bundles all sensing signals from a group of co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probes and a reference anchor located near the same physical location. It includes the timestamp, probe grating wavelength drift value, probe acoustic spectrum data array, and reference anchor grating wavelength drift value.

[0081] For example, at 10:30:05 AM, the data acquisition system simultaneously performed excitation and acquisition operations on the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe numbered P08 and the reference anchor numbered A08, which were deployed at the joint of the dam structure. The data acquisition system detected that the optical wavelength drift of the micro-grating strain gauge in the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe numbered P08 was +15.3 pm, while the optical wavelength drift of the micro-grating strain gauge in the reference anchor numbered A08 was +2.1 pm.

[0082] At the same time, the data acquisition system drives the piezoelectric acoustic wave transmitting unit in the common cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe (P08) to emit a sound wave with a predetermined spectrum and a center frequency of 150kHz into the concrete. The piezoelectric acoustic wave receiving unit in the common cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe (P08) collects a set of acoustic wave resonance spectra containing 1024 data points. The data acquisition system integrates these three sets of data to generate a co-source differential induction signal with the content "timestamp 10:30:05.000, probe grating signal +15.3pm, probe acoustic wave signal [array...1024 values], reference anchor grating signal +2.1pm", forming a continuous data stream.

[0083] In one embodiment of the present invention, step S3 includes the following steps:

[0084] The strain fluctuation of the probe grating signal in step S2 is identified, and its squeezing force on the hydraulic microcapsule is quantified. This squeezing force self-compensates and adjusts the contact coupling pressure between the piezoelectric acoustic transceiver unit and the concrete. The mechanical feedback generated by the acoustic resonant spectrum acting on the hydraulic microcapsule is analyzed, and it is compared with the external loading stress received by the grating strain gauge in terms of time and frequency. When the acoustic resonant feedback is coupled with the external loading stress, it is determined to be a structural integrity response. When the feedback is delayed or the spectrum is split, it is determined to be a real-time defect response, and a verified real-time response data stream is generated.

[0085] Specifically, the data processing module extracts the strain fluctuation of the probe grating signal, i.e., the optical wavelength drift value. The strain fluctuation of the probe grating signal refers to the change in the reflected wavelength of the grating over time, directly reflecting the stress change at the probe location. Based on the pre-calibrated probe sensitivity coefficient, the picometer-level optical wavelength drift is converted into micro-strain values ​​in real time, satisfying the following formula:

[0086]

[0087] in, Indicates the micro-strain value; This represents the picometer-level wavelength shift of light, measured in pm. This represents the pre-calibrated probe sensitivity coefficient, in units of... The pre-calibrated probe sensitivity coefficient is usually set through experiments. .

[0088] Further calculations are performed to determine the force exerted on the cavity of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe by this strain. This force, acting through the hydraulic microcapsule within the cavity, satisfies the following formula:

[0089]

[0090] in, This represents the force exerted on the probe cavity by strain, expressed in nanometers (N). This represents the calculated micro-strain value; The effective elastic modulus of the probe structure is expressed in N / m². This indicates the effective cross-sectional area of ​​the probe under stress, in m².

[0091] The compressive force exerted on the hydraulic microcapsule is quantified. The hydraulic microcapsule is the core component inside the common-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe. It is a flexible, sac-like structure filled with incompressible fluid, functioning to uniformly transmit pressure when the probe is subjected to force and to act as a medium for the interaction between mechanical and acoustic signals. The compressive force is the specific pressure value applied to the hydraulic microcapsule, satisfying the following formula:

[0092]

[0093] in, This indicates the compressive force exerted on the hydraulic microcapsule, expressed in Pa. This represents the force exerted on the probe cavity by strain, expressed in nanometers (N). This indicates the effective pressure-bearing area of ​​the hydraulic microcapsule, in m².

[0094] This change in compressive force self-compensates by adjusting the contact coupling pressure between the piezoelectric acoustic transceiver unit and the concrete matrix. Contact coupling pressure refers to the pressure at the contact surface between the piezoelectric acoustic transceiver unit and the concrete material, directly affecting the sound energy transmission efficiency. Increased external stress leads to a stronger compressive force, resulting in a tighter contact between the acoustic unit and the concrete, thus improving the efficiency of sound wave transmission and reception. Analyzing the acoustic resonance spectrum within the same data packet reveals that when the sound wave is captured by the piezoelectric acoustic receiving unit within the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe, its physical vibration generates a weak mechanical reaction through the hydraulic microcapsule. This mechanical reaction force is then captured again by the micro-grating strain gauge within the cavity, forming a high-frequency weak vibration superimposed on the main strain signal—i.e., mechanical feedback. This mechanical feedback signal is separated from the probe's grating signal using a high-pass filter and compared with the external applied stress signal received by the micro-grating strain gauge.

[0095] To quantify the coupling degree of the mechanical-acoustic linkage, a rigorous comparison is performed across both time and frequency dimensions. A coupling verification index (CI) is introduced, satisfying the following formula:

[0096]

[0097] CI stands for Coupling Check Index, which ranges from 0 to 1. The actual time delay between the mechanical feedback signal and the expected arrival time of the sound wave is represented by nanoseconds (ns). The maximum allowable delay threshold, in ns, is set based on the distance from the probe to the concrete contact surface and the concrete grade. It is set based on a large number of laboratory calibration tests and is usually set to 50 ns. The maximum allowable delay threshold, in ns, is set based on the distance from the probe to the concrete contact surface and the concrete grade. It is set based on a large number of laboratory calibration tests and is usually set to 50 ns. This represents the total energy of the mechanical feedback signal. and The weighting coefficients for time delay and frequency splitting are adjusted based on the emphasis placed on time sensitivity or structural integrity sensitivity of the monitoring target.

[0098] The mechanical-acoustic linkage refers to the fact that external stress on the co-cavity micro-mechanical-acoustic feedback probe alters the propagation conditions of sound waves, while the vibration of the sound waves themselves generates measurable minute mechanical effects on the probe. The real-time response data stream after mechanical-acoustic coupling verification is the output of this step. It adds a "structural integrity" or "real-time defect" verification label to each data point on top of the original data stream. A structural integrity response indicates that the mechanical and acoustic signals corroborate each other, suggesting that the concrete medium near the probe is continuous and intact. A real-time defect response indicates a contradiction between the mechanical and acoustic signals, suggesting the presence of physical defects near the probe, such as voids, segregation, or microcracks.

[0099] If the mechanical feedback signal arrives at the same time as the sound wave signal, and its main frequency components are consistent with the center frequency of the emitted sound wave, then it is considered a... A high CI value indicates a near-1 response. When the CI value exceeds a preset coupling threshold, it is considered a structurally intact response. Conversely, if the mechanical feedback signal experiences a significant delay compared to the expected arrival time, it indicates a structurally intact response. Large values, or splits or shifts in their frequency components. If the ratio is low, causing the CI value to be lower than the preset coupling degree threshold, then this is determined to be a real-time defect response.

[0100] The preset coupling threshold is calibrated through experiments using concrete test blocks with multiple components, labels, and curing conditions consistent with those of actual engineering projects. For high-safety structures like dams, controlling the false negative rate is usually the primary objective, and the typical value for the coupling threshold is set to 0.8. The system uses this judgment result (structural integrity response or real-time defect response) as a new data label, attaching it to the original differential induction signal to form and continuously output a real-time response data stream that has undergone force-acoustic coupling verification.

[0101] Among them, the acoustic resonant spectrum reaction refers to the force exerted on the sensor itself by the received acoustic wave as a mechanical vibration. External loading stress refers to the principal stress applied to the concrete structure by external factors such as structural weight, vehicle load, or water pressure and measured by the probe grating signal.

[0102] For example, the source differential sensing signal is "timestamp 10:30:05.000, probe grating signal +15.3pm, probe acoustic signal [array...1024 values], reference anchor grating signal +2.1pm".

[0103] First, the +15.3 pm optical wavelength drift was quantified into a compressive force of 0.2 MPa on the hydraulic microcapsule. Weak mechanical feedback was isolated from the high-frequency portion of the probe grating signal, and its relationship with the acoustic resonant spectrum was analyzed. The analysis revealed that the arrival time delay of the mechanical feedback... Its main frequency energy is 5ns. Total energy 92%. Assuming... Set to 50ns, weight and If both are set to 0.5, then the coupling verification index CI = 0.5*(1-5 / 50) + 0.5*(0.92) = 0.45 + 0.46 = 0.91. Since 0.91 is greater than the preset coupling degree threshold of 0.8, the result is that this response is a structural integrity response. The corresponding entry in the real-time response data stream output by the system after force-acoustic coupling verification is "timestamp 10:30:05.000, ..., verification result: structural integrity response".

[0104] In one embodiment of the present invention, step S4 includes the following steps:

[0105] The drift amount of the reference anchor grating signal in the real-time response data stream is extracted. This drift amount represents the non-stressed deformation caused by environmental factors. The environmental drift amount is subtracted from the probe grating signal to obtain the true strain value that only reflects the external load and internal defects. Based on the overall shrinkage or expansion of concrete exceeding the limit signal detected by the reference anchor, a global material deterioration early warning is triggered, and the pure structural damage characteristics are marked.

[0106] Specifically, after the real-time response data stream undergoes force-acoustic coupling verification, differential correction is applied to purify the signal. Differential correction is a signal processing technique that eliminates common influencing factors, i.e., environmental changes, by subtracting the signals from two sensors. For each data packet in the data stream, the environmental reference signal from the reference anchor is first located and extracted, i.e., the drift amount of the reference anchor grating signal. The drift amount of the reference anchor grating signal is the non-stressed deformation caused by the thermal expansion and contraction of the concrete material itself due to changes in ambient temperature and humidity, and is considered as signal drift that needs to be eliminated. Signal drift refers to the slow, irregular changes in the sensor output signal caused by non-measured targets, such as temperature. At the same timestamp, this newly extracted environmental drift amount is subtracted from the probe grating signal. The essence of the subtraction operation is to subtract the deformation caused by the environment from the total deformation measured by the probe. The result only reflects the true strain value caused by external loads or internal structural defects, satisfying the following formula:

[0107]

[0108] in, Represents the true strain value, which is the pure strain signal after eliminating environmental interference, and is measured in pm. The total strain, measured in pm, is represented by the grating signal read from the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe. The amount of environmental drift read from the grating signal of the reference anchor is expressed in pm.

[0109] The true strain value is a key component of the pure structural damage characteristics, reflecting the mechanical stress borne by the structure at a specific point or the stress redistribution caused by internal damage. The pure structural damage characteristics are the core output composite data structure of this step, including the true strain value after differential correction, the unchanged acoustic resonance spectrum, and the force-acoustic coupling verification results from the previous step. The environmental drift of the reference anchor is continuously compared with a preset material degradation threshold. The material degradation threshold is based on the specifications for the allowable shrinkage and expansion deformation of different grades of concrete under specific environments. For example, for C30 concrete, the equivalent wavelength drift limit caused by long-term shrinkage can be set to 100 pm.

[0110] If the absolute value of the overall shrinkage or expansion signal of the concrete detected by the reference anchor exceeds the preset material degradation threshold, it means that global material degradation has occurred, such as alkali-aggregate reaction or severe drying shrinkage, immediately triggering a global material degradation early warning. The global material degradation early warning is a high-level system alarm, indicating that the concrete material itself in the monitored area is undergoing widespread performance degradation beyond the design tolerance range. The original real-time response data stream is transformed into a new data stream containing pure structural damage features that have been filtered out for environmental drift, providing high signal-to-noise ratio input data unaffected by environmental interference for subsequent defect pattern recognition.

[0111] For example, the generated real-time response data stream entry after force-acoustic coupling verification is "Timestamp 10:30:05.000, Probe grating signal +15.3pm, Probe acoustic signal [array...], Reference anchor grating signal +2.1pm, Verification result: Structural integrity response". First, the reference anchor grating signal +2.1pm is extracted as the environmental drift. Differential correction is performed, and this drift is subtracted from the probe grating signal to obtain the true strain value. The calculation process is +15.3pm - (+2.1pm) = +13.2pm. The system compares the absolute value of the environmental drift +2.1pm with the set material degradation threshold of 100pm. Because 2.1pm is much smaller than 100pm, a global material degradation warning is not triggered. A new data entry containing pure structural damage characteristics is generated, with the content "Timestamp 10:30:05.000, True strain value: +13.2pm, Acoustic resonance spectrum: [array...], Verification result: Structural integrity response".

[0112] In one embodiment of the present invention, step S5 includes the following steps:

[0113] The system identifies and matches pure structural damage features, compares these features with preset physical rule triggers in embedded hardware, and identifies predefined physical defect response patterns that conform to specific causal logic. The successfully matched response patterns are then bound to the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of their corresponding co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probes. These predefined physical defect response patterns are combinations of measurable signal features corresponding to specific physical defects (such as voids and cracks), summarized from materials science and engineering experience.

[0114] Specifically, after obtaining the clean structural damage features free from environmental drift, this data stream is sent to embedded hardware in real time for comparison. Embedded hardware is a computer system designed to perform specific tasks, typically integrated into larger devices. Internally, this embedded hardware contains a series of preset physical rule triggers. These triggers are a set of logical judgment conditions embedded within the hardware; when the input data simultaneously satisfies all conditions, it is "triggered," outputting a preset signal or label. These physical rule triggers are conditional judgment statements based on deterministic causal logic. For each piece of clean structural damage feature data, the embedded hardware performs parallel matching detection of all rules.

[0115] The first physical rule, the physical rule trigger, is used to detect insufficient vibration. It detects whether there is a sudden surge in the true strain value in the data. This is achieved by calculating the rate of change of the true strain value within a very short time interval. If the rate of change exceeds a set sudden surge threshold, it is determined to be a surge. A sudden surge in the true strain value refers to a rapid increase in its value within a millisecond time scale that far exceeds the normal fluctuation range. The physical rule trigger also checks whether the acoustic resonance feedback delay time calculated in step S3 exceeds a set delay time threshold.

[0116] When both the instantaneous surge and the excessive delay conditions are met simultaneously, the system locks this event as conforming to the insufficient vibration response mode. The insufficient vibration response mode indicates that the concrete at the probe location was not sufficiently vibrated during construction, potentially resulting in insufficient compaction or internal voids. The set instantaneous surge threshold is the threshold used to determine instantaneous surges. It is set based on statistical analysis of hundreds of concrete vibration test data, taking five times the normal compaction stress growth rate, for example, 200 pm per second. The set delay time threshold is the delay time threshold used to determine insufficient vibration. It is also set based on statistical analysis of hundreds of concrete vibration test data; the delay time threshold is typically set between 5 μs and 25 μs, with a typical value of 10 μs.

[0117] The second physical rule, the physical rule trigger, is used to detect microcrack propagation. It checks whether the actual strain value fluctuates within a preset normal range, i.e., it does not change drastically but is not zero. A normal strain value means the strain value is neither zero (indicating stress) nor abnormally high (indicating no sudden event), indicating a stable structural bearing state. It checks whether there is a splitting phenomenon in the acoustic resonant spectrum, i.e., the original single dominant frequency peak splits into two or more adjacent secondary peaks. When both conditions are met—strain value within the normal range and acoustic spectrum splitting—the system locks this event as conforming to the microcrack propagation response mode. The microcrack propagation response mode refers to another identified defect mode, indicating that tiny cracks are forming or propagating near the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe, satisfying the following formula:

[0118]

[0119] in, and The normal range of the true strain value is defined together and set as the long-term working stress range allowed by the structural design, in pm, usually set from 5pm to 40pm. This represents the number of peak values ​​in the main frequency band of the acoustic resonant spectrum whose energy exceeds a preset noise floor. The noise floor is an energy threshold that is experimentally calibrated to be slightly higher than the normal background noise of the system. The purpose is to identify spectral splitting peaks caused by microcracks.

[0120] Once any physical rule trigger is successfully matched, the system immediately binds the matched response pattern to the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe that generated the data, forming a diagnostic record containing the defect type and precise location. The presence of a split in the acoustic spectrum refers to the dispersion of acoustic signal energy from a concentrated dominant frequency to multiple frequency points; this is a typical characteristic of scattering and diffraction when an acoustic signal encounters a discontinuous interface (such as a crack).

[0121] Among them, specific causal logic refers to a clear, either-or chain of causal relationships, such as "because of insufficient vibration, there are voids inside the concrete, the stress transmission is discontinuous and the sound wave propagation path becomes longer". This logic is the basis for rule setting.

[0122] For example, at timestamp 11:45:10.200, the clean structural damage characteristic data detected a sudden surge in the true strain value of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe P08 from +14.1 pm in the previous second to +65.8 pm, exceeding the set threshold of 200 pm / s. Analysis showed that its acoustic resonant feedback delay was 15 μs, exceeding the 10 μs threshold. Since both conditions were met simultaneously, the system matched this event as an under-vibration response mode and bound this mode to the three-dimensional spatial coordinates (150.23 m, 45.78 m, 92.11 m) of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe P08. At another time, 15:20:33.500, the true strain value of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe P08 was detected as +30.2 pm, which is within the normal range of 5 pm to 40 pm. However, analysis of its acoustic resonant spectrum revealed that the original single peak at 150kHz split into two peaks with similar energies at 148kHz and 153kHz. This event was determined to conform to the microcrack propagation response mode, and this mode was also bound to the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe, designated P08.

[0123] In one embodiment of the present invention, step S6 includes the following steps:

[0124] If the response mode is insufficient vibration, the high-frequency vibration trajectory recorder of the vibrator in the area surrounding the probe coordinate point is invoked to extract the vibration count and duration data; if the response mode is microcrack propagation, the material temperature history recorder corresponding to the probe coordinate point is invoked to extract the temperature gradient change data after concrete pouring; the physical response mode and the corresponding construction process data are integrated into a joint evidence set containing physical phenomena and process parameters.

[0125] Specifically, once a predefined physical defect response pattern is successfully matched and bound to the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe, a dynamic correlation process will be initiated. Dynamic correlation refers to the system connecting and integrating information from other relevant data sources based on real-time events; in this case, it refers to the successfully matched response pattern. The dynamic correlation process aims to link abnormal responses at the physical level with specific operational records during the construction process. These specific operational records refer to various parameters that reflect the construction process quality and environmental conditions, collected and stored by various sensors and recording devices during concrete construction.

[0126] If the system matches a response mode indicating insufficient vibration, it defines an influence radius centered on the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe, for example, 1 meter. It then sends a query request to the construction management database, which retrieves data from a high-frequency vibration trajectory recorder of the vibrator, stored in the area surrounding that coordinate point. The high-frequency vibration trajectory recorder is a device installed on the vibrator, using a GPS or indoor positioning technology to record the vibrator's position, operating status, and vibration duration at each location. From the returned data, the system extracts the number of vibrations and cumulative vibration duration for all vibrators operating within that area. These two data points are two key indicators for quantifying the amount of vibration work; the former records the number of times the vibrator is inserted into the concrete, and the latter records the duration of each insertion.

[0127] If the system matches a response pattern indicating microcrack propagation, it will directly use the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe to retrieve data from the precisely corresponding material temperature history recorder from the construction management database. The material temperature history recorder is a temperature sensor embedded within the concrete, continuously recording the temperature change curve of the material throughout the entire hydration heat process, from its initial liquid state to final solidification. Temperature gradient change data refers to the rate of change of material temperature over time, with particular attention paid to the rate of change during the cooling phase, as excessively rapid cooling is a major cause of temperature cracks. This recorder is typically deployed alongside the probe to record the temperature changes of concrete throughout the entire process from pouring to final hardening.

[0128] The returned data extracts temperature gradient changes after concrete pouring, particularly the hourly temperature drop rate during the cooling phase. In either case, the successfully matched physical response pattern (insufficient vibration or microcrack propagation) is integrated with the corresponding construction process data (vibration frequency and duration, or temperature gradient changes) extracted from the construction management database. This integration juxtaposes the description of the physical phenomenon with the process parameters that caused it, forming a joint evidence set encompassing both the physical phenomenon and the process parameters.

[0129] For example, for the insufficient vibration response mode identified by the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe P08 at 11:45:10.200, the system immediately retrieves the construction process data associated with the three-dimensional spatial coordinates (150.23m, 45.78m, 92.11m) of the probe. Data from the high-frequency vibration trajectory recorder of the vibrator responsible for that area shows that the vibration frequency at that location was 1 time, with a vibration duration of 8 seconds. The physical response mode "insufficient vibration" is then integrated with the construction process data "1 vibration frequency, 8 seconds duration" to form a joint evidence set. For the microcrack propagation response mode identified by the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe P08 at 15:20:33.500, data from the corresponding material temperature history recorder is retrieved. The data shows that this occurred between 12 and 13 hours after the concrete pouring was completed.

[0130] The temperature at the location of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe dropped sharply from 55°C to 28°C, with a temperature gradient change of -27°C / h. The physical response mode "microcrack propagation" was then integrated with the construction process data "temperature gradient -27°C / h" to form another set of joint evidence.

[0131] See appendix Figure 2 The present invention also proposes a water conservancy project construction monitoring system, comprising the following modules:

[0132] The in-situ dual-field sensing array construction module is used to acquire the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe and the reference anchor of the same material, and to construct an in-situ dual-field sensing array containing stress sensing points and environmental reference points based on the three-dimensional spatial coordinates.

[0133] The same source differential signal acquisition module is used to drive the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe of the in-situ dual-field sensing array to generate probe grating signals and acoustic resonant spectra, drive the reference anchor of the same material to generate reference anchor grating signals, and integrate and generate the same source differential sensing signals.

[0134] The force-acoustic coupling verification module performs coupling verification based on the mechanical feedback generated by the acoustic resonant spectrum in the differential induction signal and the external loading stress measured by the probe grating signal. Depending on whether the verification result is a structural integrity response or a real-time defect response, it generates a real-time response data stream after verification.

[0135] The environmental drift differential correction module extracts the environmental drift represented by the reference anchor grating signal from the calibrated real-time response data stream, and subtracts the environmental drift from the probe grating signal to obtain the true strain value, generating a pure structural damage feature containing the true strain value.

[0136] The physical defect pattern recognition module compares the pure structural damage features with preset physical rule triggers to match and identify predefined physical defect response patterns, and binds the response pattern to the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe to generate a diagnostic record.

[0137] The construction process dynamic association module is used to call construction process data associated with three-dimensional spatial coordinates based on the predefined physical defect response patterns of diagnostic records, and integrate the physical defect response patterns with the construction process data to form a joint evidence set containing physical phenomena and process parameters.

[0138] It should be noted that the formulas described above, through the principle of dimensional consistency and mathematical standardization methods (such as normalization, dimensionless parameter conversion, or unit system unification), can translate physical quantities with different properties into unitless standard values ​​or superimposed parameters of the same dimension. This eliminates the interference of different dimensions on the computational logic, allowing the formulas to retain the original data distribution characteristics while possessing mathematical rationality and adaptability to objective laws. The descriptions are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0139] Each of the modules can be implemented in whole or in part through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. It supports hardware embedded in or independent of the processor in the computer device, and also supports software stored in the memory of the computer device, so that the processor can call and execute the operations corresponding to each of the above modules.

[0140] It should be noted that the human information (including but not limited to human device information and personal information) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored and data displayed) involved in this invention are all information and data authorized by the human body or fully authorized by all parties. The collection, use and processing of related data require relevant legal standards.

[0141] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring the construction of water conservancy projects, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Obtain the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe and the reference anchor of the same material, and construct an in-situ dual-field sensing array containing stress sensing points and environmental reference points based on the three-dimensional spatial coordinates. S2. The co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe of the in-situ dual-field sensing array generates the probe grating signal and the acoustic resonant spectrum, drives the reference anchor of the same material to generate the reference anchor grating signal, and integrates and generates the same source differential sensing signal. S3. The mechanical feedback generated by the acoustic resonant spectrum in the differential induction signal is coupled with the external loading stress measured by the probe grating signal for verification. Based on whether the verification result is a structural integrity response or a real-time defect response, a real-time response data stream after verification is generated. Among them, the strain fluctuation of the grating signal of the quantization probe exerts a squeezing force on the hydraulic microcapsule inside the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe, and this squeezing force self-compensates to adjust the contact coupling pressure between the piezoelectric acoustic wave transceiver unit and the concrete. The mechanical feedback generated by the acoustic resonant spectrum acting on the hydraulic microcapsule was analyzed and compared with the external loading stress received by the grating strain gauge in terms of time and frequency. When acoustic resonant feedback is coupled with external applied stress, the structural integrity response is determined; when there is feedback delay or spectrum splitting, the real-time defect response is determined, and a verified real-time response data stream is generated. S4. Extract the environmental drift represented by the reference anchor grating signal from the verified real-time response data stream, and subtract the environmental drift from the probe grating signal to obtain the true strain value, generating a pure structural damage feature containing the true strain value. S5. The pure structural damage characteristics are compared with the preset physical rule triggers to match and identify the predefined physical defect response patterns, and the response patterns are bound to the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe to generate diagnostic records. S6. Based on the predefined physical defect response pattern of the diagnostic record, call the construction process data associated with the three-dimensional spatial coordinates, integrate the physical defect response pattern with the construction process data, and form a joint evidence set containing physical phenomena and process parameters.

2. The method for monitoring construction of a water conservancy project according to claim 1, characterized in that, Constructing an in-situ dual-field sensing array containing stress sensing points and environmental reference points includes the following steps: A common cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe is implanted into the target stress monitoring area of ​​a concrete structure in a hydraulic engineering project. A reference anchor of the same material is implanted into the free suspension area near the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe to form a differential measurement reference. The three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe and the reference anchor in the engineering coordinate system were measured and recorded, and an in-situ dual-field sensing array containing stress sensing points and environmental reference points was constructed.

3. The method for monitoring the construction of a water conservancy project according to claim 1, characterized in that, Integrating and generating differential sensing signals from the same source includes the following steps: A continuous optical signal is applied to the micro-grating strain gauge in the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe and the reference anchor to monitor the optical wavelength drift caused by minute deformation in real time. While monitoring the optical signal, the piezoelectric acoustic wave emitting unit inside the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe is driven to emit acoustic waves of a predetermined spectrum into the concrete, and the receiving unit collects the acoustic wave resonance spectrum after penetration or reflection. The probe grating signal, probe acoustic wave signal and reference anchor grating signal collected at the same time are integrated to generate a common source differential induction signal.

4. The method for monitoring the construction of a water conservancy project according to claim 1, characterized in that, Generating pure structural damage features that include true strain values ​​includes the following steps: Extract the amount of environmental drift generated by the reference anchor grating signal from the real-time response data stream after force-acoustic coupling verification; By subtracting the environmental drift from the grating signal of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe, the true strain value reflecting only the external load and internal defects is obtained. This true strain value serves as the core component of the pure structural damage characteristics.

5. The method for monitoring construction of a water conservancy project according to claim 1, characterized in that, Generating pure structural damage features containing true strain values ​​also includes the following steps: The amount of environmental drift is compared with a preset material degradation threshold. When the amount of environmental drift exceeds the material degradation threshold, a global material degradation warning is triggered, and the generated pure structural damage features are marked with a degradation background.

6. The method for monitoring construction of a water conservancy project according to claim 1, characterized in that, Matching and identifying predefined physical defect response patterns includes the following steps: Detect whether there is a sudden surge in the actual strain value; Simultaneously determine whether there is a delay in the acoustic resonant feedback that exceeds a preset delay threshold; When both conditions are met simultaneously, namely the instantaneous surge in the actual strain value and the excessive delay of the acoustic resonant feedback, the matching is the vibration under-response mode. Check whether the actual strain value is within the preset normal operating range; Simultaneously determine whether there is a split in the dominant frequency peak of the acoustic wave resonance spectrum; When both conditions are met—that the actual strain value is within the normal range and that the acoustic resonant spectrum splits—the matching is a microcrack propagation response mode.

7. The method for monitoring construction of a water conservancy project according to claim 1, characterized in that, Forming a joint evidence set that includes physical phenomena and process parameters involves the following steps: If the response mode is insufficient vibration, the high-frequency vibration trajectory recorder of the vibrator in the area around the probe coordinate point is invoked to extract the vibration count and duration data. If the response mode is microcrack propagation, the material temperature history recorder corresponding to the probe coordinate point is invoked to extract the temperature gradient change data after concrete pouring. The physical response model is integrated with the corresponding construction process data to form a joint evidence set that includes physical phenomena and process parameters.

8. The method for monitoring construction of a water conservancy project according to claim 1, characterized in that, Extracting the vibration count and duration data includes the following steps: If the physical defect response mode that is successfully matched is the insufficient vibration response mode, then the high-frequency vibration trajectory recorder of the vibrator in the surrounding area of ​​the three-dimensional spatial coordinates is invoked to extract the vibration count and duration data as construction process data.

9. A water conservancy project construction monitoring system, based on the water conservancy project construction monitoring method according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following modules: The in-situ dual-field sensing array construction module is used to acquire the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe and the reference anchor of the same material, and to construct an in-situ dual-field sensing array containing stress sensing points and environmental reference points based on the three-dimensional spatial coordinates. The same source differential signal acquisition module is used to drive the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe of the in-situ dual-field sensing array to generate probe grating signals and acoustic resonant spectra, drive the reference anchor of the same material to generate reference anchor grating signals, and integrate and generate the same source differential sensing signals. The force-acoustic coupling verification module performs coupling verification based on the mechanical feedback generated by the acoustic resonant spectrum in the differential induction signal and the external loading stress measured by the probe grating signal. Depending on whether the verification result is a structural integrity response or a real-time defect response, it generates a real-time response data stream after verification. The environmental drift differential correction module extracts the environmental drift represented by the reference anchor grating signal from the calibrated real-time response data stream, and subtracts the environmental drift from the probe grating signal to obtain the true strain value, generating a pure structural damage feature containing the true strain value. The physical defect pattern recognition module compares the pure structural damage features with preset physical rule triggers to match and identify predefined physical defect response patterns, and binds the response pattern to the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the co-cavity micro-force-acoustic feedback probe to generate a diagnostic record. The construction process dynamic association module, based on the predefined physical defect response patterns in the diagnostic records, calls the construction process data associated with the three-dimensional spatial coordinates, integrates the physical defect response patterns with the construction process data, and forms a joint evidence set containing physical phenomena and process parameters.

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