Vehicle-mounted antenna device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a vehicle-mounted antenna device, which comprises a unit array comprising a plurality of radiating units, the radiating units adopt metal patch structures, and the surfaces of the radiating units are provided with anti-electromagnetic interference coatings; the reflecting plate is made of a composite material with electromagnetic wave reflecting performance and is used for supporting the unit array; the electromagnetic shielding ring is arranged on the periphery of the vehicle-mounted antenna device and is used for inhibiting external electromagnetic interference; and the intelligent control unit is integrated in the vehicle-mounted antenna device, and the intelligent control unit is configured to adjust the working parameters of the vehicle-mounted antenna device in real time according to the train operation environment information. According to the scheme, the defects that in the prior art, an antenna cannot adjust a signal transmission mode in a self-adaptive mode, signal coverage is unstable under the complex terrain, the data transmission efficiency in a compartment is low, and the anti-electromagnetic interference capacity is weak are overcome, stable signal coverage under the complex operation environment is achieved, the multi-user high-speed communication requirement is met, and the high anti-electromagnetic interference performance is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. BACKGROUND

[0002] China's high-speed railway construction has been continuously promoted, and an efficient transportation network connecting major economic zones and densely populated areas has been formed. With the popularization of high-speed rail, the communication needs of passengers in high-speed mobile scenarios have increased dramatically, and diversified communication services such as high-definition video, online office, social entertainment, etc. have become basic needs for travel. The performance of the vehicle-mounted 5G mobile antenna on the high-speed train, which is the core equipment to ensure the communication quality in high-speed mobile scenarios, directly determines the communication experience and plays a key role in the high-speed train communication system. However, the current technical challenges in this field are seriously hindering the further improvement of the communication service quality in high-speed mobile scenarios.

[0003] The running characteristics of high-speed trains first pose a significant challenge to the signal transmission of vehicle-mounted 5G antennas. High-speed trains often run at speeds of up to 350 km / h and need to pass through complex terrains such as mountains, tunnels, and bridges. In mountainous areas, signal fading caused by mountain blockage and multi-path effects caused by reflection significantly reduce the quality of received signals. In tunnel environments, which are closed and have dense metal structures, signal transmission is severely attenuated or even interrupted due to strong absorption and reflection. Although bridge scenarios have an open environment, complex interference from bridge structures and the surrounding electromagnetic environment still affects stable signal transmission.

[0004] At the same time, the upgrade of communication needs has put higher requirements on the transmission performance of antennas. With the increase in train passenger capacity and the increasing demand for high-speed, high-flow services such as high-definition video playback, online gaming, and large file transmission, vehicle-mounted 5G mobile antennas need to have higher data transmission rates and capacities. However, there are a large number of metal components, seats, and personnel obstacles in the train carriages, which block and scatter wireless signals, resulting in uneven signal coverage and increased transmission loss. The existing vehicle-mounted 5G antennas cannot achieve efficient data transmission in this complex environment, and their rates and capacities cannot meet the needs of multiple users for high-speed communication at the same time. During peak periods, problems such as rate reduction and network lag often occur, seriously affecting communication experience. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a vehicle-mounted antenna device to solve the defects of existing technology that the antenna cannot adaptively adjust the signal transmission mode, the signal coverage is unstable in complex terrain, the data transmission efficiency is low in the carriage, and the anti-electromagnetic interference capability is weak, realizing stable signal coverage in complex operating environments, meeting the needs of multiple users for high-speed communication, and strong anti-interference performance.

[0006] The application provides a vehicle-mounted antenna device, comprising: a unit array comprising a plurality of radiation units, the radiation units adopting a metal patch structure and being provided with an anti-electromagnetic interference coating on the surface; a reflecting plate made of a composite material with electromagnetic wave reflecting performance and used for supporting the unit array; an electromagnetic shielding ring arranged at the outer periphery of the vehicle-mounted antenna device and used for suppressing external electromagnetic interference; and an intelligent control unit integrated in the vehicle-mounted antenna device, the intelligent control unit being configured to adjust working parameters of the vehicle-mounted antenna device in real time according to train operation environment information.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the application, the unit array is a double-unit array formed by two radiation units arranged symmetrically.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the application, the center distance between the two symmetrically arranged radiation units is 56 mm; the unit array is configured to realize stable vertical polarization radiation characteristics in a 2.4-2.5 GHz frequency band, has a horizontal plane beam width of 60°, a gain not less than 8 dBi, and a standing wave ratio less than 1.5.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the application, the unit array is a multi-unit array formed by four radiation units distributed in a 2x2 matrix form; the reflecting plate has a size of 200 mmx200 mmx5 mm, and the center distance between adjacent radiation units is 100 mm.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the application, the anti-electromagnetic interference coating is a polymer coating doped with conductive nanomaterials, used for reducing the influence of external electromagnetic noise on the radiation units.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the application, the electromagnetic shielding ring is composed of a conductive material, is arranged around the edge of the reflecting plate, and forms a continuous conductive boundary with the reflecting plate to improve the electromagnetic compatibility of the overall antenna.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the application, the vehicle-mounted antenna device has an isolation degree between each port in the working frequency band greater than 25 dB.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the application, the intelligent control unit is connected with an environment perception module used for acquiring the train operation environment information; the train operation environment information comprises a train operation speed parameter, a geographic position parameter and a surrounding signal strength parameter; the intelligent control unit is further configured to judge a current running scenario based on a preset terrain recognition model and the train operation environment information, and output a control signal to dynamically adjust beam direction parameters, gain parameters and frequency compensation parameters of the vehicle-mounted antenna device.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present application, the intelligent control unit is configured to automatically enhance the directivity and gain of the antenna beam when detecting that the train enters a tunnel.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present application, the intelligent control unit is configured to collect antenna performance data and train operation environment information during train operation, compare and analyze in combination with a preset test scenario library, and dynamically update the terrain recognition model based on the analysis result.

[0016] The vehicle-mounted antenna device provided by the present application can solve the problems of the existing antenna that cannot adaptively adjust the signal transmission mode and the unstable signal coverage in complex terrain. The intelligent control unit integrated in the device can adjust the working parameters of the vehicle-mounted antenna device in real time according to the train operation environment information (such as terrain data of mountainous areas, tunnels, bridges, etc.), replace the traditional fixed vertical polarization design, realize dynamic adaptation of the signal transmission mode in different scenarios, and ensure stable signal coverage in complex terrain. At the same time, in the face of the problems of low data transmission efficiency and unsatisfied multi-user communication demand caused by obstacles in the carriage, the radiation unit of the unit array adopts a metal patch structure, which can optimize the signal radiation efficiency and significantly improve the data transmission rate and capacity. The reflection plate supports the unit array by using a composite material with electromagnetic wave reflection performance, which can further reduce the loss in the signal propagation process and ensure the stability of signal propagation, helping to meet the demand of a large number of users for simultaneous high-speed communication. In addition, in the face of the interference problems caused by the external electromagnetic environment and the complex environment in the carriage, the anti-electromagnetic interference coating on the surface of the radiation unit and the electromagnetic shielding ring on the periphery of the antenna form a double anti-interference protection, which can effectively suppress external electromagnetic interference and internal environmental interference, further reduce signal transmission loss, and realize stable signal coverage, efficient data transmission and strong anti-interference performance in complex operating environments, in combination with the dynamic parameter adjustment of the intelligent control unit. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor.

[0018] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the vehicle-mounted antenna device provided by the present application.

[0019] Reference signs: 11, radiation unit; 12, reflection plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present application.

[0021] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. It should also be noted that, in the description of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "arrange", "mount", "connect" should be understood broadly, for example, can be fixedly connected, can be detachably connected, or integrally connected. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0022] The vehicle-mounted antenna device of the present application is adapted to the vehicle-mounted scene of high-speed trains, and is used for receiving and transmitting 5G communication signals during the operation of high-speed trains, providing key protection for the communication experience of passengers in the train. In view of the defect that the existing vertically polarized antenna cannot adapt to complex terrain, the device can adaptively adjust the beam direction, gain and other working parameters of the antenna according to various complex terrains such as mountainous areas, tunnels and bridges encountered during train operation, realize stable signal coverage in all-terrain scenes, and improve the transmission quality of signals in various complex terrains. At the same time, the device further optimizes the working performance of the antenna in the complex environment of the train compartment, effectively reduces the influence of obstacles and electromagnetic environment in the compartment on the signal by strengthening the anti-interference ability, and simultaneously improves the data transmission rate and capacity, so as to meet the demand of a large number of passengers in the train for high-speed data communication at the same time, and make up for the short board of the existing antenna in the transmission efficiency in the compartment.

[0023] The specific embodiments of the vehicle-mounted antenna device of the present application will be described below. Figure 1 The specific embodiments of the vehicle-mounted antenna device of the present application will be described below.

[0024] As Figure 1As shown, the present application provides a vehicle-mounted antenna device, comprising: a unit array comprising a plurality of radiation units 11, the radiation units 11 adopt a metal patch structure, and the surface is provided with an anti-electromagnetic interference coating; a reflector plate 12 made of a composite material with electromagnetic wave reflection performance, used to support the unit array; an electromagnetic shielding ring arranged at the outer periphery of the vehicle-mounted antenna device, used to suppress external electromagnetic interference; an intelligent control unit integrated in the vehicle-mounted antenna device, the intelligent control unit is configured to adjust the working parameters of the vehicle-mounted antenna device in real time according to the train running environment information. Among them, the radiation units 11 in the unit array adopt a metal patch structure, which can optimize the signal radiation efficiency and lay the foundation for improving the data transmission rate, and the anti-electromagnetic interference coating on the surface can preliminarily isolate external electromagnetic interference and reduce the influence of interference on the signal transmission of the radiation units 11; the reflector plate 12 not only stably supports the unit array through the structural strength of the composite material, but also reduces the loss in the signal propagation process through the electromagnetic wave reflection performance, further enhancing the signal transmission stability; the electromagnetic shielding ring at the outer periphery of the antenna and the anti-electromagnetic interference coating of the radiation units 11 form double protection, which can greatly suppress the interference brought by the external complex electromagnetic environment and ensure the signal purity; the integrated intelligent control unit serves as the core control module, which collects the environmental information such as terrain (such as mountainous area, tunnel, bridge) and speed during train operation, adjusts the working parameters of the antenna beam direction, gain, frequency compensation parameters in real time, and makes the components work together to optimize the antenna performance from multiple dimensions such as signal transmission, interference protection and parameter adaptation.

[0025] In practical applications, the above-mentioned vehicle-mounted antenna device can be directly adapted to the vehicle-mounted scene of a high-speed train, and can follow the train to complete the shuttle operation in complex terrain. When the train enters the mountain area, the intelligent control unit senses the signal fading and multipath effect caused by the mountain, and quickly adjusts the antenna beam direction and gain. At the same time, the reflection plate 12 reflects the electromagnetic wave to reduce the signal loss, and the anti-electromagnetic interference coating and the electromagnetic shielding ring isolate the clutter interference in the mountain environment, so that the signal strength is improved by more than 30%, effectively improving the communication quality. When the train enters the tunnel, the closed space and metal structure cause serious signal attenuation of the traditional antenna, at which time the intelligent control unit automatically optimizes the beam focusing degree to enhance the signal coverage in the tunnel, and the reflection plate 12 strengthens the signal reflection to reduce the transmission loss, and the double anti-interference structure suppresses the metal interference in the tunnel, so that the signal attenuation is reduced by 50% compared with the traditional antenna, and the smooth switching of signals inside and outside the tunnel is realized. When the train travels to the bridge, the intelligent control unit adjusts the frequency compensation parameters according to the characteristics of the open environment around the bridge but the complex electromagnetic interference, the electromagnetic shielding ring isolates the external environmental interference, and the signal stability is improved by more than 40%, and at the same time, the radiation unit 11 with a metal patch structure and the reflection plate 12 meet the demand of data transmission rate for a large number of passengers to simultaneously perform high-definition video playback, online games and other high-traffic applications. The composite material with electromagnetic wave reflection performance in the above embodiment can be carbon fiber reinforced resin-based composite material (carbon fiber / epoxy resin, carbon fiber / phenolic resin), metal powder filled polymer-based composite material (copper powder / polypropylene, aluminum powder / polyimide), glass fiber-metal mesh composite substrate (glass fiber cloth / aluminum mesh / epoxy resin), and graphene modified resin-based composite material, etc.

[0026] Further, the environmental perception and algorithm logic of the intelligent control unit can be optimized and expanded, for example, an AI predictive adjustment module is added, by accessing the route planning data of the train dispatching system, the terrain information in front (such as entering a tunnel within 1 kilometer) is obtained in advance, the antenna working parameters are preset before the train reaches the terrain, to avoid the delay of real-time adjustment, and to further improve the timeliness and stability of signal adaptation; at the same time, the metal patch structure of the radiation unit 11 can be designed in a modular manner, each radiation unit 11 is independently provided with a fine adjustment component, and the intelligent control unit can adjust the beam angle and gain of the corresponding radiation unit 11 in each region according to the signal coverage demand of different regions in the carriage, to realize uniform signal coverage in the carriage and solve the problem of weak signal in some seats; in addition, the composite material of the reflection plate 12 can be further integrated with a heat dissipation layer, which utilizes the heat conduction characteristics of the composite material and the heat dissipation structure of the heat dissipation layer to quickly conduct the heat generated during the antenna operation, thereby avoiding the influence of high temperature on the performance of components such as the radiation unit 11 and the intelligent control unit, especially suitable for the high-temperature environment of long-time operation of high-speed trains, prolonging the service life of the vehicle-mounted antenna device and ensuring continuous and stable communication services.

[0027] According to the vehicle-mounted antenna device of the present application, the unit array is a dual-unit array formed by symmetrically arranging two radiation units 11. The installation of the dual-unit array is based on a reflector plate 12 as a carrier, and the size of the reflector plate 12 selected is preferably set to 100mm x 80mm x 5mm, which can provide stable support for the two radiation units 11 and meet the demand for miniaturization of the vehicle-mounted antenna device in the scene of high-speed train vehicle mounting. In the installation process, the two radiation units 11 are fixed at the preset positions of the reflector plate 12 according to the symmetry principle, and the metal patch of each radiation unit 11 is connected with the reflector plate 12 through high-precision welding process. After the installation is completed, preliminary debugging is required for the unit array, such as adjusting the possible micro-deformation of the metal patch and eliminating the structural deviation caused by the installation process or material characteristics.

[0028] Further, according to the vehicle-mounted antenna device of the present application, the center distance between the two symmetrically arranged radiation units 11 is 56mm; the unit array is configured to realize stable vertical polarization radiation characteristics in the frequency band of 2.4GHz to 2.5GHz, has a horizontal plane beam width of 60°, a gain not less than 8dBi, and a standing wave ratio less than 1.5. Specifically, in order to ensure that the unit array reaches the preset performance indicators, it is preferred to use a vector network analyzer to accurately test its performance in the frequency band of 2.4-2.5GHz, which can collect key parameters such as the reflection coefficient, gain, and beam width of the antenna in real time, and locate the performance deviation points through data analysis. If the test finds that the horizontal plane beam width is less than 60°, the gain is less than 8dBi, or the standing wave ratio is greater than 1.5, the parameters can be optimized by adjusting the micro-deformation of the metal patch of the radiation unit 11 (such as fine-tuning the edge radius of the patch, correcting the relative height of the patch and the reflector plate 12, etc.): for example, when the gain is insufficient, the signal loss can be reduced by slightly reducing the local size of the metal patch; when the standing wave ratio is excessive, the conductive contact area of the patch welding position can be adjusted to reduce the reflected signal strength. After testing and fine-tuning, the unit array finally realizes the preset performance indicators in the target frequency band, among which the horizontal plane beam width of 60° can cover a certain area in the train compartment, the gain of 8dBi can ensure the signal transmission strength, and the standing wave ratio less than 1.5 means low signal reflection loss, which realizes good local signal coverage and stable transmission through the synergistic effect of the three.

[0029] In another embodiment, according to the vehicle antenna device of the present application, the unit array is a multi-unit array with four radiating units 11 arranged in a 2x2 matrix; the size of the reflector plate 12 is 200mmx200mmx5mm, and the center distance between adjacent radiating units 11 is 100mm. This multi-unit array can further improve the signal coverage and data transmission capacity of the vehicle antenna device to adapt to the scenario of larger passenger capacity high-speed train carriages. Specifically, the size of the reflector plate 12 is set to 200mmx200mmx5mm, which is larger in area than the reflector plate 12 of the dual-unit array in the above embodiment, which can accommodate four radiating units 11 arranged in a 2x2 matrix, and also ensure the structural strength through the thickness of 5mm to avoid deformation of the reflector plate 12 due to the expansion of the array size. The center distance between adjacent radiating units 11 is preferably 100mm, which is optimized by electromagnetic simulation design, which can effectively control the electromagnetic interference between units, prevent signal mutual coupling interference due to too small distance, or array overall gain decline due to too large distance, and ensure that the four radiating units 11 can work cooperatively to form a superimposed signal radiation effect. During installation, the metal patch of each radiating unit 11 is also fixed to the matrix node position of the reflector plate 12 using high-precision welding process to ensure the connection firmness and conductivity; at the same time, due to the higher requirement for structural consistency of the multi-unit array, the position deviation and metal patch flatness of each radiating unit 11 need to be calibrated one by one after installation to ensure that the radiation centers of the four units are on the preset matrix coordinates. During the debugging stage, in addition to testing the basic performance in the 2.4-2.5GHz frequency band using a vector network analyzer, the beam synthesis effect and multi-user concurrent transmission capacity of the array also need to be tested, and by adjusting the subtle parameters of each radiating unit 11 (such as gain distribution of different units, beam phase difference, etc.), a larger range of signal coverage and higher data transmission rate can be achieved.

[0030] According to the vehicle-mounted antenna device, the anti-electromagnetic interference coating is a polymer coating doped with conductive nanomaterials, which is used to reduce the influence of external electromagnetic noise on the radiation unit 11. Preferably, the coating has a polymer (such as epoxy resin, polyimide) matrix uniformly doped with conductive nanomaterials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes or nano-silver powder. The polymer matrix can be tightly attached to the surface of the metal patch of the radiation unit 11 to form a continuous and wear-resistant protective layer that is suitable for complex environments such as vibration and temperature difference during train operation. The conductive nanomaterials form a conductive network in the matrix. When external electromagnetic noise (such as electronic device interference in the car and external electromagnetic signal clutter) acts on the coating, the conductive network can convert electromagnetic energy into weak heat energy dissipation or block electromagnetic noise from penetrating the coating to contact the metal patch, thereby reducing the influence of electromagnetic interference on the signal transmission of the radiation unit 11. At the same time, the thickness of the coating is preferably controlled at the micron level, which does not increase the volume of the radiation unit 11 and does not negatively affect the signal radiation performance of the metal patch. While ensuring the anti-interference effect, the miniaturization and signal transmission stability requirements of the vehicle-mounted antenna device are also considered.

[0031] According to the vehicle-mounted antenna device, the electromagnetic shielding ring is made of conductive material and is arranged around the edge of the reflector plate 12 to form a continuous conductive boundary with the reflector plate 12, thereby improving the electromagnetic compatibility of the overall antenna and reducing the influence of external electromagnetic interference on the antenna. The electromagnetic shielding ring can be made of high-conductivity materials such as brass, copper or silver-plated aluminum alloy, which has excellent conductivity and can efficiently guide electromagnetic energy. In terms of structure and assembly, the shielding ring is arranged around the edge of the reflector plate 12 and is fixedly connected to the reflector plate 12 by welding or conductive adhesive, ensuring that the contact part of the two is gapless and the conductivity is continuous, forming a complete conductive boundary. When external electromagnetic interference (such as electromagnetic radiation from high-voltage equipment along the line and interference signals from other vehicle-mounted electronic devices) propagates to the antenna, the continuous conductive boundary can generate induced current in the loop formed by the shielding ring and the reflector plate 12 according to the principle of electromagnetic induction, guiding the interference electromagnetic energy to the ground (connecting the train grounding system through the reflector plate 12) for release, or reflecting the interference signals back to the external environment to prevent them from penetrating the boundary and affecting the unit array and intelligent control unit inside.

[0032] According to the vehicle-mounted antenna device, the isolation between each port in the working frequency band is preferably greater than 25 dB, which ensures that each port can stably receive and transmit target signals, and avoids problems such as signal distortion and transmission rate reduction caused by interference between ports. Specifically, on the one hand, the layout of the radiating elements 11 in the unit array is optimized through electromagnetic simulation, and the center distance between adjacent radiating elements 11 is accurately controlled, which can reduce signal crosstalk between elements caused by electromagnetic coupling, and reduce mutual interference between signals of different ports from the source. On the other hand, the double protection formed by the electromagnetic shielding ring and the electromagnetic interference resistant coating of the radiating element 11 not only blocks external interference, but also suppresses the mutual penetration of the output / input signals of each radiating element 11 port. The continuous conductive boundary formed by the electromagnetic shielding ring can limit the electromagnetic signals of each port to their respective working areas, and the electromagnetic interference resistant coating further weakens the signal coupling strength between the ports. At the same time, the electromagnetic wave reflection performance composite material used by the reflector 12 can also reduce the signal crosstalk between different ports through the reflector 12. In the 2.4-2.5 GHz working frequency band, through the synergistic effect of the above-mentioned embodiments, the signal interference between each port can be effectively suppressed.

[0033] According to the vehicle-mounted antenna device of the present application, the intelligent control unit is connected with an environment sensing module for acquiring train operation environment information; the train operation environment information includes train operation speed parameters, geographical position parameters and surrounding signal strength parameters; the intelligent control unit is also configured to determine the current operation scene based on a preset terrain recognition model and the train operation environment information, and output a control signal to dynamically adjust the beam direction parameters, gain parameters and frequency compensation parameters of the vehicle-mounted antenna device. Specifically, the environment sensing module can collect the train operation speed (such as high-speed driving at 350 km / h, deceleration when entering and leaving the station, etc.), accurate geographical position (such as latitude and longitude coordinates) and the strength value of the surrounding 5G signal (such as signal strength in mountainous areas, signal strength outside tunnels) in real time through integrated devices such as speed sensors, GPS positioning modules and signal detection chips, and transmit these parameters to the intelligent control unit as digital signals. The preset terrain recognition model built in the intelligent control unit is an algorithm model trained based on historical terrain data (which can include speed-position-signal strength characteristics of scenes such as mountains, tunnels and bridges, etc.), which can match the real-time received environment information with the scene characteristics in the model. For example, when the geographical position is detected to be within the mountain coordinate range, the signal strength is continuously lower than -80 dBm and the speed is stable at 300-350 km / h, the model determines that the current scene is a mountainous area; when the geographical position is detected to enter the tunnel coordinate interval and the signal strength drops below -100 dBm, it is determined to be a tunnel scene. After the determination result is output, the corresponding control signal can be generated by the intelligent control unit, for example: for mountainous areas, adjust the beam direction to avoid the shielding angle of the mountain, moderately increase the gain to compensate for signal fading, and fine-tune the frequency compensation parameter to reduce the influence of multipath effect; for bridge scenes, optimize the beam coverage range to adapt to open environments, and stabilize the gain to avoid signal interference, so as to dynamically adjust the parameters to match the scene and the antenna performance.

[0034] Further, according to the vehicle-mounted antenna device of the present application, the intelligent control unit is configured to automatically enhance the directivity of the antenna beam and increase the gain when the train enters the tunnel. For example, when the environment sensing module collects the geographical position parameter entering the preset coordinate range of the tunnel, and the surrounding signal strength parameter suddenly drops from -60 dBm outside the tunnel to below -100 dBm within a short time, the intelligent control unit can determine that the train enters the tunnel scene. Since the tunnel space is closed and the metal structure is dense, the signal is easily absorbed and the transmission path is single, at this time the intelligent control unit outputs the control signal, which can include: on the one hand, by adjusting the phase difference of the radiation unit 11 in the antenna unit array, the originally divergent beam is focused into a narrow beam to enhance the beam directivity; on the other hand, by increasing the excitation power of the radiation unit 11 to increase the antenna gain, the signal attenuation in the tunnel is compensated to ensure that the signal can penetrate the tunnel space and establish a stable connection with the base station. At the same time, the frequency compensation parameter can also be fine-tuned synchronously to offset the interference of the metal structure in the tunnel on the signal frequency.

[0035] Further, according to the vehicle-mounted antenna device of the present application, the intelligent control unit is configured to collect antenna performance data and train operation environment information during train operation, compare and analyze in combination with a preset test scenario library, and dynamically update the terrain recognition model based on the analysis result. Specifically, the antenna performance data can include beam direction, gain, VSWR, port isolation, and other operation parameters; the train operation environment information is the speed, geographic location, and signal strength data obtained by the environment perception module. In the preset test scenario library, the corresponding relationship between the environment information and the optimal antenna performance parameters under different standard scenarios (such as standard mountainous area, long and short tunnel, and different types of bridge) is preferably stored. The intelligent control unit compares and analyzes the real-time collected environment information and actual antenna performance data with the standard data in the test scenario library: if it is found that the real-time antenna gain is too low under a certain actual scenario (such as a long tunnel) compared with the optimal gain of the corresponding scenario in the standard library, and the signal stability is poor, it is determined that the parameter matching of the current terrain recognition model for this type of scenario has deviation. Subsequently, the intelligent control unit automatically corrects the scene feature threshold in the model (such as adjusting the signal strength judgment range of this type of long tunnel scenario and optimizing the gain adjustment coefficient), and updates the corrected corresponding relationship to the model. At the same time, if data of a new type of scenario (such as a transition scenario between mountainous area and tunnel) is collected, and the scenario does not have a corresponding record in the test scenario library, the intelligent control unit can also classify it as a new scenario, establish a new corresponding relationship between the environment feature and the parameter adjustment strategy, and supplement it to the model and the scenario library, to realize the dynamic iterative optimization of the terrain recognition model.

[0036] According to the vehicle-mounted antenna device of the present application, preferably, an overall test and optimization system is configured to ensure the stable performance of the vehicle-mounted antenna device under complex conditions through comprehensive testing and targeted adjustment of simulated actual operation scenarios. In the test scenario of high-speed train operation, a test environment can be built based on the actual operation characteristics of the train to simulate different speeds (such as low-speed entry and exit of the station, 350km / h high-speed driving), different terrains (mountainous area, tunnel, bridge, and terrain transition area), and complex electromagnetic environment inside the train compartment (such as clutter interference generated by multiple electronic devices working simultaneously), to monitor and comprehensively evaluate the core performance indicators of the vehicle-mounted antenna device, such as beam direction, gain, signal transmission rate, and anti-interference ability, in real time, and accurately locate possible performance short boards (such as signal fading in mountainous area, signal switching delay in tunnel, and weak signal in local train compartment) under different scenarios.

[0037] In addition, targeted optimization can be performed in combination with the scene characteristics according to the problems found in the test. For example, in a mountainous scene test, if it is found that the signal is obviously attenuated due to the blocking of the mountains, the beam direction can be recalibrated by the intelligent control unit to avoid the shielding angle, the gain can be appropriately increased to compensate for the signal loss, or the frequency compensation module parameters of the radiation unit 11 can be fine-tuned to reduce the influence of multipath effects on signal quality. In a tunnel scene test, if there is a problem with smooth signal switching, the signal switching algorithm for the tunnel scene in the intelligent control unit can be optimized to shorten the response time of scene determination and parameter adjustment, ensuring continuous signal without interruption when the train enters and exits the tunnel. In an electromagnetic interference scene test inside the car, according to the intensity and type of the interference source, the material ratio of the electromagnetic interference resistant coating of the radiation unit 11 can be further adjusted (such as increasing the doping ratio of conductive nanomaterials), or the size and installation position of the electromagnetic shielding ring can be optimized to enhance the shielding effect of the car cabin clutter, and through the closed-loop control of testing and optimization, the entire vehicle-mounted antenna device can work stably and efficiently under various complex conditions.

[0038] In practical applications, the system of the vehicle-mounted antenna device is also preferably flexible in adaptability adjustment, which can adjust the installation position of the antenna (such as the middle or both sides of the roof), the size of the reflector plate 12 (such as 150mm x 100mm or 200mm x 150mm specifications to adapt to different car widths), and the number of base units (such as a double-unit array for a single short car, and a 2x2 matrix multi-unit array for a long car) according to the car structure (such as the length, width, and seat layout of the car), the electromagnetic environment characteristics (such as the interference intensity and frequency of the vehicle-mounted electronic equipment), and the communication needs (such as high peak passenger capacity and high traffic service ratio), so as to further improve the adaptability and performance of the vehicle-mounted antenna device on different trains.

[0039] In the description of the present specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "aspects", "specific aspects", or "some aspects" and the like means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or aspect are included in at least one embodiment or aspect of the present application. In the present specification, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or aspect. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or aspects. In addition, different embodiments or aspects described in the present specification and the features of different embodiments or aspects can be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.

[0040] It should be pointed out finally that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit the same; and although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments can be modified, or some technical features thereof can be replaced equivalently; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A vehicle antenna device, characterized by comprising: The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device.

2. The vehicle-mounted antenna device according to claim 1, characterized by The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device.

3. The vehicle antenna device according to claim 2, characterized by The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device.

4. The vehicle antenna device according to claim 1, characterized by The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device.

5. The vehicle antenna device according to claim 1, characterized by The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device.

6. The antenna-in-a-wheel cover apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device.

7. The antenna-in-a-wheel cover apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device.

8. The antenna-in-a-wheel cover apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by, The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device.

9. The antenna-in-a-wheel cover apparatus of claim 8, wherein, The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device.

10. The antenna-in-a-wheel cover apparatus of claim 8, wherein, The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna device. The application relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna

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