Carbon counteracting system and method based on transformer vibration power generation

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of power equipment energy saving, in particular to a carbon counteracting system and method based on transformer vibration power generation, and the system comprises a piezoelectric power generation module, an energy management circuit module and a carbon metering module. The piezoelectric module adopts a PZT-5H piezoelectric ceramic piece array packaged by fluororubber and converts vibration into electric energy; the energy management circuit module processes electric energy and stores energy for power supply; the carbon metering module operates a metering algorithm based on an STM32 chip, calculates the carbon emission reduction amount in combination with an emission factor, and generates a traceable carbon asset voucher. According to the method, generated power, generated energy, carbon emission reduction and asset value are calculated through parameters, traditional power supply is replaced, and pollution and carbon emission are eliminated. According to the method, heavy metal pollution and external carbon emission are eliminated, the long-term reliability of the piezoelectric module in the transformer oil is improved, a solution is provided for small-scale renewable energy sources to participate in carbon transaction, and meanwhile extra benefits are created for power enterprises.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of power equipment energy saving, and particularly relates to a carbon offset system and method based on transformer vibration power generation. BACKGROUND

[0002] As the core equipment of voltage transformation in the power system, the transformer undertakes the key functions of power distribution, voltage regulation and power grid stability, and its stable operation is crucial to the reliability of the power system. However, transformer faults can easily lead to large-scale power outages, so real-time monitoring of key parameters such as oil temperature and load rate becomes an important means to prevent insulation aging, overheating and other faults. At present, there are mainly two problems in the power supply mode of traditional monitoring equipment: (1) Adopting current transformer (CT) power supply, its principle is to obtain power from the secondary side of the transformer through electromagnetic induction, which depends on the continuous power supply of the power grid, not only increases carbon emissions, but also has the risk of insulation breakdown in the process of power supply at the high-voltage side; (2) Using lithium battery power supply, usually using replaceable lithium battery pack, but its service life is only 2-3 years, and replacing the battery in remote areas not only has high labor cost, but also the heavy metals such as cobalt and nickel contained in the discarded lithium battery will cause serious pollution to the environment.

[0003] Therefore, the present application is proposed. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems existing in the prior art, the present application provides a carbon offset system and method based on transformer vibration power generation, which solves the environmental protection, cost and reliability problems of the traditional power supply mode, and provides a feasible scheme for power equipment energy saving and carbon asset conversion.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the present application is as follows: In a first aspect, a carbon offset system based on transformer vibration power generation comprises: A piezoelectric power generation module for converting mechanical vibration generated during transformer operation into electrical energy; An energy management circuit module for rectifying, stabilizing and energy storage management of the electrical energy output by the piezoelectric power generation module, providing continuous power supply for the monitoring equipment of the transformer; A carbon metering module for calculating carbon emission reduction based on the power generation of the piezoelectric power generation module and generating traceable carbon asset certificates.

[0006] Further, the piezoelectric power generation module comprises: A piezoelectric ceramic sheet for converting mechanical vibration into alternating current; A packaging layer coated outside the piezoelectric ceramic sheet for protecting the transformer oil from corrosion; Array support: used to fix the piezoelectric ceramic sheet, and the distribution position of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet on the array support corresponds to the maximum transformer vibration acceleration area.

[0007] Further, the material of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet is PZT-5H, the size is 20mmx20mmx0.5mm, and the resonant frequency is 100±5Hz. The packaging layer is made of fluororubber material, the thickness is 1mm, the oil temperature resistance range is-40℃~120℃, and the dielectric strength is≥15kV / mm; the array support is made of 304 stainless steel material, and the distance between adjacent piezoelectric ceramic sheets is 50mm.

[0008] Further, the energy management circuit module comprises: Full-bridge rectifier circuit unit: connected with the piezoelectric power generation module, used to convert alternating current into direct current; Voltage stabilizer unit: connected with the full-bridge rectifier circuit unit, used to stabilize the voltage of direct current to the required voltage of monitoring equipment; Super capacitor: connected with the voltage stabilizer unit, used to store excess electric energy; Load priority control unit: used to prioritize the power supply of key functions of monitoring equipment when the power supply is insufficient.

[0009] Further, the full-bridge rectifier circuit unit adopts a diode with model number 1N5819, and the conversion efficiency is≥90%; The voltage stabilizer unit adopts a DC-DC voltage stabilizer, the output voltage of the DC-DC voltage stabilizer is 3.3V±5%, the maximum input voltage is 20V, and the static current is≤10μA; The capacity of the super capacitor is 10F / 5V, and the cycle life is>500,000 times.

[0010] Further, the carbon metering module comprises: Embedded processor unit, used to run carbon accounting algorithm and control data flow, and adjust the threshold of load priority; Emission factor database, pre-stored with power grid carbon emission factors, and supports manual update; Metering algorithm unit, used to calculate carbon emission reduction amount according to power generation and the emission factor; Data output interface, used to transmit carbon emission reduction amount data to external carbon management system or regulatory platform; Anti-tampering unit, used to ensure the credibility of carbon emission reduction amount data.

[0011] Further, the embedded processor unit adopts an STM32L4 chip; The pre-stored carbon emission factor of China regional power grid in the emission factor database is 0.583kgCO2e / kWh. The data output interface supports RS485 / Modbus protocol and can be equipped with blockchain chain function; the tamper-proof unit includes a hardware encryption chip and an audit log module.

[0012] In a second aspect, a carbon offset method based on transformer vibration power generation includes the following steps: S1, obtaining mechanical vibration parameters of the transformer and physical parameters of the piezoelectric sheet in the piezoelectric power generation module; S2, calculating the actual power generation of a single piezoelectric sheet based on the mechanical vibration parameters and the physical parameters of the piezoelectric sheet; S3, calculating the total power generation of the system according to the actual power generation of a single piezoelectric sheet and the number of piezoelectric sheets; S4, calculating the annual power generation according to the total power generation of the system and the annual operation time of the transformer; S5, calculating the annual carbon emission reduction amount based on the annual power generation and a preset power grid carbon emission factor; S6, generating a carbon asset certificate according to the annual carbon emission reduction amount and the carbon trading market price.

[0013] Further, the calculation of the actual power generation of a single piezoelectric sheet includes: calculating the angular frequency according to the vibration main frequency The specific formula is: ; calculating the theoretical power generation of a single piezoelectric sheet, and the specific formula is: wherein, is the energy conversion efficiency, m is the mass of the piezoelectric sheet, is the mechanical quality factor, is the vibration acceleration; introducing the vibration energy utilization rate k to correct the theoretical power to obtain the actual power generation, and the specific formula is: wherein, is the vibration energy utilization rate.

[0014] Further, the calculation formula of the annual power generation is: wherein, is the annual operation time of the transformer; The calculation formula of the annual carbon emission reduction amount is: wherein, is the power grid carbon emission factor; The calculation formula of the carbon asset value is: wherein, is the carbon trading market price.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the present invention provides a carbon offsetting system and method based on transformer vibration power generation. The system includes a piezoelectric power generation module, an energy management circuit, and a carbon metering module. The piezoelectric power generation module uses a 4×4 array of PZT-5H piezoelectric ceramic sheets, which are sealed with fluororubber and installed in the area of ​​maximum vibration acceleration on the inner wall of the transformer tank. It can convert mechanical vibration of 50-150Hz into electrical energy. The energy management circuit module provides continuous power to the monitoring equipment through full-bridge rectification, DC-DC voltage regulation, and supercapacitor energy storage, and has a load priority control function. The carbon metering module runs a metering algorithm based on an STM32 chip, calculates carbon emission reductions by combining pre-stored grid emission factors, and generates traceable carbon asset certificates. The method obtains transformer vibration parameters and piezoelectric sheet physical parameters, and calculates the actual power generation of a single piezoelectric sheet, the total power generation of the system, the annual power generation, the annual carbon emission reduction, and the carbon asset value in sequence, realizing the conversion of equipment-level vibration power generation into tradable carbon assets. This invention replaces the traditional CT power supply and lithium battery power supply methods, eliminates heavy metal pollution and external carbon emissions, improves the long-term reliability of piezoelectric modules in transformer oil, provides a solution for small-scale renewable energy to participate in carbon trading, and creates additional revenue for power companies. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 A system architecture diagram of a carbon offset system based on transformer vibration power generation provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A flowchart of a carbon offsetting method based on transformer vibration power generation provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0018] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement and numerical expressions of the components and steps described in these embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0019] The following description of exemplary embodiments is merely illustrative and is not intended to limit the invention or its application or use in any way. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail herein, but where applicable, such techniques, methods, and apparatus should be considered part of this specification.

[0020] Example 1 See Figure 1 ,Figure 1 A carbon offset system based on transformer vibration power generation is proposed for the present application, which solves the problems of high carbon emission, high maintenance cost and environmental pollution of traditional transformer monitoring equipment power supply mode. The system realizes self-power supply by recycling transformer vibration energy, and converts the power generation into tradable carbon assets. The specific structure can include: M1, piezoelectric power generation module: used for converting mechanical vibration (frequency 50-150Hz) generated during transformer operation into electrical energy; refer to Table 1, which specifically includes: M11, piezoelectric ceramic sheet: used for converting mechanical vibration into alternating current; the material of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet is PZT-5H, the size is 20mm×20mm×0.5mm, the resonant frequency is 100±5Hz, the mechanical vibration can be efficiently converted into alternating current, the open circuit voltage effective value of a single piece is 8.2V, and the short circuit current is 0.15mA; M12, packaging layer: coated outside the piezoelectric ceramic sheet, used for protecting against corrosion of transformer oil; the packaging layer is made of fluororubber material, the thickness is 1mm, the oil temperature resistance range is-40℃~120℃, the dielectric strength is ≥15kV / mm, which can effectively protect against corrosion and moisture of transformer oil, and solve the long-term reliability problem of piezoelectric sheet in oil immersion environment; M13, array support: used for fixing the piezoelectric ceramic sheet, and the distribution position of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet on the array support corresponds to the maximum vibration acceleration area of the transformer. The array support is made of 304 stainless steel material, and the piezoelectric ceramic sheet is distributed on the support with a spacing of 50mm. The installation position corresponds to the position 50mm away from the core in the transformer oil tank inner wall (the maximum vibration acceleration area), and the vibration energy capture efficiency is improved through 4×4 array layout, and the total power of the array can reach 19.2mW@100Hz.

[0021]

[0022] The actual power generation of a single piezoelectric sheet includes: The angular frequency is calculated according to the main frequency of vibration The specific formula is: ; The theoretical power generation of a single piezoelectric sheet is calculated, and the specific formula is: , wherein is the energy conversion efficiency, m is the mass of the piezoelectric sheet, is the mechanical quality factor, is the vibration acceleration; The actual power generation is obtained by introducing the vibration energy utilization rate k to correct the theoretical power, and the specific formula is: , wherein is the vibration energy utilization rate.

[0023] M2, energy management circuit module: for rectifying, stabilizing and energy storage management of the electric energy output by the piezoelectric power generation module, providing continuous power supply for the monitoring equipment of the transformer; see Table 2, which specifically includes: M21, full-bridge rectifier unit: connected with the piezoelectric power generation module, for converting alternating current into direct current; the full-bridge rectifier unit uses low forward voltage drop diode with model number 1N5819, conversion efficiency ≥ 90%, which can rectify the alternating current output by the piezoelectric ceramic sheet into direct current; M22, voltage stabilizer unit: connected with the full-bridge rectifier unit, for stabilizing the direct current to the required voltage of the monitoring equipment; the voltage stabilizer unit uses DC-DC voltage stabilizer (such as TPS62743), output voltage , maximum input voltage 20V, static current , which can match the voltage requirement of the monitoring equipment (such as temperature sensor) and prevent overvoltage damage; M23, super capacitor: connected with the voltage stabilizer unit, for storing excess electric energy; the capacity of the super capacitor is 10F / 5V, with a cycle life > 500,000 times, which is used to store excess electric energy, balance the time sequence difference between power generation and power consumption, and solve the problem of intermittent vibration.

[0024] M24, load priority control unit: for prioritizing the power supply of the key functions of the monitoring equipment when the power supply is insufficient; this unit sets the core functions of the monitoring equipment (such as real-time monitoring of oil temperature and load rate) as the highest priority, and automatically cuts off the secondary load when the super capacitor voltage is < 3V, to ensure that the key functions do not interrupt.

[0025] Secondary load type: data communication module (4G / 5G transmission), environmental sensor (humidity, air pressure), local storage unit. Threshold adjustment method: embedded control logic is used for adjustment.

[0026]

[0027] M3, carbon metering module: for calculating the carbon emission reduction amount according to the power generation amount of the piezoelectric power generation module, and generating traceable carbon asset certificates; see Table 3, which specifically includes: M31, embedded processor unit, for running carbon accounting algorithm; the embedded processor unit uses STM32L4 ultra-low power chip (128KB Flash / 32KB RAM), which is responsible for running carbon accounting algorithm and controlling data flow, and also includes adjusting the threshold of load priority, and cutting off the secondary load when the capacitor voltage is lower than 3V; M32, an emission factor database, pre-stored carbon emission factors of the power grid, and supporting manual update; the emission factor database pre-stores carbon emission factors of the regional power grid in China (0.583 kgCO2e / kWh), and supports manual update (such as the European EN16258 standard factor), to provide a benchmark for carbon emission reduction calculation; M33, a metering algorithm unit, for calculating carbon emission reduction according to power generation and the emission factor; the metering algorithm unit calculates in real time according to the formula, and the specific formula is: , with an accuracy of ±1%, meeting the requirements of ISO14064-1 greenhouse gas accounting.

[0028] M34, a data output interface, for transmitting carbon emission reduction data to an external carbon management system or a regulatory platform; the data output interface supports RS485 / Modbus protocol, can be connected to an enterprise carbon management system or a government regulatory platform; and can be optionally equipped with a blockchain chaining function to ensure data traceability; M35, an anti-tampering unit, for ensuring the credibility of carbon emission reduction data. The anti-tampering unit includes an ATECC608A hardware encryption chip and an audit log module, records all data modification operations, and guarantees the credibility of carbon data and carbon trading compliance.

[0029]

[0030] When the transformer is running, the mechanical vibration generated is transmitted to the piezoelectric power generation module, and the piezoelectric ceramic sheet converts the vibration energy into alternating current; the alternating current is converted into direct current through a full-bridge rectifier circuit, and then is stabilized by a DC-DC stabilizer to supply power to the monitoring equipment, and the excess power is stored in a super capacitor; the carbon metering module collects power generation data in real time, calculates carbon emission reduction in combination with the emission factor, and outputs to an external system through a data interface and generates a carbon asset voucher.

[0031] Embodiment two Reference Figure 2 , Figure 2 A carbon offset method based on transformer vibration power generation is proposed in the present application, which is realized based on the above system, and the specific steps include: S1, obtaining mechanical vibration parameters of the transformer and physical parameters of piezoelectric sheets in the piezoelectric power generation module; S2, calculating the actual power generation of a single piezoelectric sheet based on the mechanical vibration parameters and the physical parameters of the piezoelectric sheets; The actual power generation of a single piezoelectric sheet includes: S21, calculating the angular frequency according to the vibration main frequency , and the specific formula is: ; S22, calculating the theoretical power generation of a single piezoelectric sheet, and the specific formula is: , wherein, Where m is the energy conversion efficiency and m is the mass of the piezoelectric element. For mechanical quality factors, It is the vibration acceleration; S23. Introduce the vibration energy utilization rate k to correct the theoretical power and obtain the actual power generation. The specific formula is as follows: ,in, This refers to the vibration energy utilization rate.

[0032] S3. Calculate the total power generation of the system based on the actual power generation of a single piezoelectric element and the number of piezoelectric elements; The calculation of the total power generation of the system includes: S31. Assume the system has the following number of piezoelectric elements installed: ; S32, Calculate the total power generation .

[0033] S4. Calculate the annual power generation based on the total power generation of the system and the annual operating time of the transformer; The calculation of annual power generation includes: S41. Assume the annual operating time of the transformer is... Hour; S42. Calculate annual power generation ,in, This represents the annual operating time of the transformer.

[0034] S5. Calculate the annual carbon emission reduction based on the annual power generation and the preset grid carbon emission factor; The calculation of carbon emission reductions includes: S51. Let the average carbon emission factor of the power grid be λ ( ) S52. Calculate annual carbon emissions ,in, This is a carbon emission factor for the power grid.

[0035] S6. Generate carbon asset certificates based on the annual carbon emission reduction and carbon trading market prices.

[0036] The economic value of carbon assets includes: S61. Let the carbon trading market price be... (Yuan / ); S62. Calculate annual carbon asset returns ,in, This refers to the price in the carbon trading market.

[0037] In summary, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. Replace traditional CT power supply or lithium battery power supply with transformer core vibration power generation, not only eliminate the risk of heavy metal pollution such as lead and cobalt of lithium battery and the maintenance cost of replacing battery, but also eliminate the external carbon emission of monitoring equipment; 2. The piezoelectric power generation module is sealed with fluororubber, which has better resistance to transformer oil corrosion and permeation resistance than ordinary epoxy resin packaging, effectively solving the long-term reliability problem of piezoelectric module in transformer oil environment; 3. By establishing a direct mapping relationship between "device-level power generation and standard carbon assets", the vibration power generation of device level is converted into tradable carbon assets, providing a practical solution for small-scale renewable energy to participate in carbon trading market in new power system; 4. By recycling transformer vibration energy, replacing traditional external power supply, converting the original micro power generation into traceable and tradable carbon assets, not only providing additional income source for power companies, but also supporting the development of carbon market.

[0038] The above specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and not to limit it. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the scope of the present application, which should be covered by the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A carbon offsetting system based on transformer vibration power generation, characterized in that, include: Piezoelectric power generation module: used to convert the mechanical vibrations generated by the transformer during operation into electrical energy; Energy management circuit module: used to rectify, stabilize and manage the electrical energy output by the piezoelectric power generation module, and provide continuous power supply for the transformer monitoring equipment; Carbon metering module: used to calculate carbon emission reductions based on the power generation of the piezoelectric power generation module and generate traceable carbon asset certificates.

2. The carbon offsetting system based on transformer vibration power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The piezoelectric power generation module includes: Piezoelectric ceramic sheets: used to convert mechanical vibrations into alternating current; Encapsulation layer: Covers the outside of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet to protect it from corrosion by transformer oil; Array support: used to fix the piezoelectric ceramic sheet, and the distribution position of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet on the array support corresponds to the area of ​​maximum transformer vibration acceleration.

3. The carbon offsetting system based on transformer vibration power generation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The piezoelectric ceramic sheet is made of PZT-5H material, has a size of 20mm×20mm×0.5mm, and a resonant frequency of 100±5Hz. The encapsulation layer is made of fluororubber with a thickness of 1mm, an oil temperature range of -40℃ to 120℃, and a dielectric strength of ≥15kV / mm; the array support is made of 304 stainless steel with a spacing of 50mm between adjacent piezoelectric ceramic sheets.

4. The carbon offsetting system based on transformer vibration power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy management circuit module includes: Full-bridge rectifier circuit unit: connected to the piezoelectric power generation module, used to convert AC power into DC power; Voltage regulator unit: connected to the full-bridge rectifier circuit unit, used to regulate the DC voltage to the voltage required by the monitoring equipment; Supercapacitor: Connected to the voltage regulator unit, used to store excess electrical energy; Load priority control unit: used to prioritize power supply to critical functions of monitoring equipment when power supply is insufficient.

5. The carbon offsetting system based on transformer vibration power generation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The full-bridge rectifier circuit unit uses a 1N5819 diode with a conversion efficiency of ≥90%. The voltage regulator unit adopts a DC-DC voltage regulator, the output voltage of which is 3.3V±5%, the maximum input voltage is 20V, and the static current is ≤10μA; The supercapacitor has a capacitance of 10F / 5V and a cycle life of >500,000 cycles.

6. The carbon offsetting system based on transformer vibration power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon metering module includes: An embedded processor unit is used to run carbon accounting algorithms and control data flow, and to adjust the threshold for load priority. The emission factor database stores grid carbon emission factors and supports manual updates. A metering algorithm unit is used to calculate carbon emission reductions based on power generation and the emission factors. The data output interface is used to transmit carbon emission reduction data to an external carbon management system or regulatory platform; The tamper-proof unit is used to ensure the credibility of carbon emission reduction data.

7. The carbon offsetting system based on transformer vibration power generation according to claim 6, characterized in that, The embedded processor unit uses an STM32L4 chip; The carbon emission factor of the Chinese regional power grid pre-stored in the emission factor database is 0.583 kgCO2e / kWh; The data output interface supports the RS485 / Modbus protocol and can be optionally equipped with blockchain on-chain function; the anti-tampering unit includes a hardware encryption chip and an audit log module.

8. A carbon offsetting method based on transformer vibration power generation, characterized in that the steps include... include: S1. Obtain the mechanical vibration parameters of the transformer and the physical parameters of the piezoelectric elements in the piezoelectric power generation module; S2. Based on the mechanical vibration parameters and the physical parameters of the piezoelectric element, calculate the actual power generation of a single piezoelectric element; S3. Calculate the total power generation of the system based on the actual power generation of a single piezoelectric element and the number of piezoelectric elements; S4. Calculate the annual power generation based on the total power generation of the system and the annual operating time of the transformer; S5. Calculate the annual carbon emission reduction based on the annual power generation and the preset grid carbon emission factor; S6. Generate carbon asset certificates based on the annual carbon emission reduction and carbon trading market prices.

9. The carbon offsetting method based on transformer vibration power generation according to claim 8, characterized in that, The calculation of the actual power generation of the single piezoelectric element includes: Angular frequency is calculated based on the dominant vibration frequency. The specific formula is as follows: ; The theoretical power generation of a single piezoelectric element is calculated using the following formula: ,in, Where m is the energy conversion efficiency and m is the mass of the piezoelectric element. For mechanical quality factors, It is the vibration acceleration; By introducing the vibration energy utilization rate k to correct the theoretical power, the actual power generation is obtained, and the specific formula is as follows: ,in, This refers to the vibration energy utilization rate.

10. The carbon offsetting method based on transformer vibration power generation according to claim 8, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the annual power generation is: ,in, This refers to the annual operating time of the transformer. The formula for calculating the annual carbon emission reduction is as follows: ,in, Carbon emission factor of power grid; The formula for calculating the value of carbon assets is as follows: ,in, This refers to the price in the carbon trading market.

Images