Testing method of winch and lifting appliance integrated lifting structure

Abstract

The invention provides a testing method of a winch and lifting appliance integrated lifting structure, which comprises a lifting appliance, the lifting appliance comprises a cross beam, a bearing plate and a winch device, the cross beam is connected with the bearing plate, and the testing method comprises the following steps: presetting a safety coefficient n of a cross section connected with the cross beam and the bearing plate, determining yield strength according to a material of the cross beam, and obtaining limit stress of the cross section; determining a load pulling force F and a load force arm L of the bearing plate according to a rated load G of the winch device, and calculating a cross section bending moment M; obtaining a cross section modulus W according to the limit stress and the cross section bending moment M; the cross-sectional modulus W1 is associated with the cross-sectional height H and the cross-sectional width B; the winch device is arranged on the lifting appliance, the winch device is tested on the lifting appliance, the proper lifting appliance is selected according to the rated load of the winch device, and safety and reliability are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hoisting structure testing technology, specifically to a testing method for an integrated hoisting structure combining a winch and a lifting device. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of the transportation industry, lifting structures are widely used in lifting goods. The existing lifting mechanisms generally separate the lifting equipment and the winch, and then the winch drives the wire rope to raise or lower the lifting equipment. This makes the layout of the wire rope complex and intertwined during the rope winding and unwinding process, and it is not easy to control the overall stability.

[0003] Furthermore, during the testing process, it is necessary to select the type of spreader plate and then conduct winch testing. The winch testing requires testing under load conditions, and the type of spreader plate may change accordingly under different load conditions in order to further ensure the stability of the overall spreader testing.

[0004] For example, patent document with patent application number 202010735808.X and publication date of December 10, 2024 discloses a universal winch testing device, comprising three components: an adjustable winch testing device, an adjustable gearbox testing device, and a universal brake plate. The advantages are that the adjustable winch testing device and the adjustable gearbox testing device adopt a modular design, allowing for free adjustment of the winch mounting base in the horizontal, vertical, and height directions by adjusting certain modules. The universal brake plate also adopts a modular design, allowing for adjustment of the plate length and pin hole diameter by replacing certain modules. This achieves the goal of completing all winch tests with a single testing device, offering advantages such as low overall cost, high reliability, high precision, fewer procedures, low storage cost, and good stability.

[0005] The above literature can only cover the installation, positioning and testing process of a single winch. When faced with the need to test a large number of winches, the entire process of installation, positioning and testing must be repeated for each winch. It is impossible to shorten the overall testing cycle through parallel operation of multiple workstations. Furthermore, the above documents achieve adaptation to different types of winches through modular design. The adaptation and adjustment steps are numerous and time-consuming, affecting the efficiency of test preparation. The adaptation of the device to different types of winches requires step-by-step adjustments in three dimensions: height, lateral, and longitudinal. The precision coordination and control of the adaptation in these three dimensions is difficult and prone to error superposition, which can damage the winch. Moreover, the above documents do not consider the relationship between the load test weight and the plate material selection of the lifting device during the winch test, so as to ensure that the winch test fails due to problems in the selection of the lifting device. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a testing method for an integrated hoisting structure of winch and lifting device, which selects a suitable lifting device according to the rated load of the winch device to ensure safety and reliability.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is: a testing method for an integrated hoisting structure of winch and lifting device, comprising a lifting device, the lifting device including a crossbeam and a bearing plate, a winch device mounted on the lifting device, the crossbeam being connected to the bearing plate, and comprising the following steps: S1 pre-determines the safety factor n of the cross-section connecting the beam and the load-bearing plate, and determines the yield strength based on the beam material. And the ultimate stress of the cross section is obtained. ; S2 determines the load tension F and load lever L of the bearing plate based on the rated load G of the winch device, and calculates the cross-sectional bending moment M. S3 is based on the ultimate stress The cross-sectional modulus W is derived from the bending moment M of the cross section; The cross-sectional modulus W1 of S4 is associated with the cross-sectional height H and the cross-sectional width B, determining the minimum cross-sectional height H1 and the minimum cross-sectional width B1; and manufacturing the lifting device according to the minimum cross-sectional height H1 and the minimum cross-sectional width B1. S5 sets up a winch device on the lifting device, and tests the winch device on the lifting device; the winch device includes a front winch and a rear winch, and determines the rated load G1 of the front winch and the rear winch; determines the weight of the counterweight G4 and the test weight G5, the weight of the test weight G5 is greater than the counterweight G4, and the counterweight G4 is greater than or equal to the rated load G1; one winch to be tested is equipped with the test weight G5, and the other three winches are equipped with the counterweight G4. The winch equipped with the test weight G5 is run for testing. If the winch running for testing has a problem, the bending moment on the cross section of the bearing plate is measured at the same time. If the bending moment on the cross section is within the preset range, the winch to be replaced is determined and replaced and taken out.

[0008] The above setup begins with selecting the appropriate bearing plate for the lifting device. Since the lifting device includes a winch, the sum of the weight of the winch on the bearing plate and the load weight of the winch determines the rated load of the winch as the tensile force F on the bearing plate. Then, in step S1, the safety factor n of the cross-section connecting the beam and the bearing plate is pre-set, taking into account the yield strength of the beam material. Determine the ultimate stress of the cross section According to the yield strength of the material Determine the ultimate stress Based on the rated load G of the winch device, the load tension F and load arm L of the bearing plate are determined. By calculating the cross-sectional bending moment M and cross-sectional modulus W, the minimum cross-sectional width B1 or minimum height H1 is finally determined, ensuring that the structural dimensions of the lifting device match the requirements of the winch device. This avoids local stress concentration caused by unreasonable size design and ensures that the lifting device is always within the safe load range under the preset load tension F and load arm L, significantly reducing the probability of safety accidents during use. By combining the cross-sectional modulus W and W1, the minimum cross-sectional width B1 and the minimum cross-sectional height H1 are determined. This allows the rated load of the winch device to be correlated with the bearing capacity of the bearing plate during the early lifting device selection process, ensuring the accuracy of the selection and providing a basis for bending moment testing in subsequent winch tests. When testing the winch, the winch assembly is mounted on the aforementioned lifting device, eliminating the need for complex equipment or frequent winch disassembly. During the test, only one winch to be tested needs to be loaded with the test weight G5, and the other three winches need to be loaded with counterweights G4. The load of the test weight should exceed the rated load. First, one winch is loaded with the test weight G5, and the other three side winches are loaded with the counterweights G4. During the operation of the test winch, the test weight G5 remains on the ground. When the pulling force of the counterweights G4 acts on one side of the other three winches, because the counterweights G4 are connected to the other winches via traction ropes, the test weight G5... During the hoisting test, the total tension generated by the winch is equal to the weight of the test weight G5. The tension of the test weight G5 is transmitted to the other three winches through the lifting device. However, since the counterweights G4 on the other three winches are also greater than or equal to the rated load, the other loads cannot be lifted off the ground. If the winch carrying the test weight operates normally, for example, if the weight on the winch carrying the test weight does not lift off the ground, then the test winch is in normal condition. If it is abnormal, then the bending moment on the bearing plate is measured to see if it is within the theoretically calculated bending moment value range. If it is, then it is determined that the problem is with the winch. If not, then it is determined that the problem is with the lifting device selection. After changing the lifting device selection, the winch test is repeated to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the winch test.

[0009] Furthermore, in step S1, the safety factor n is 1.5, and the yield strength... >355 MPa, ultimate stress of cross section = In step S2, the load tension F = 1.5 × G, where G is the rated load of the winch device; in step S2, the cross-sectional bending moment M = F × L; and in step S3, the cross-sectional modulus W = M / Cross-sectional modulus W1=BH 3 / 12, cross-sectional modulus W1=W, thus BH 3 / 12=M / In step S4, the cross-sectional height H = Y * B, where Y is a proportionality coefficient, and 1 ≤ Y ≤ 4.

[0010] In the above settings, during the S1 step of lifting gear selection, the safety factor n=1.5 and the yield strength... The value >355 MPa is associated with both through the ultimate stress of the cross section. = / n provides a precise basis for subsequent steps; the load tension F can be F=1.5×G, where G is the rated load of the winch device; through the safety factor n=1.5 and yield strength The minimum cross-sectional area is determined based on material strength and safety factor for a load capacity of >355 MPa. The load tensile force F = 1.5 × G further mitigates uncertainties during hoisting. If the cross-sectional bending moment M is calculated solely based on the theoretical rated load G, even with a 1.5 times safety factor set in step S1, the stress may exceed the limit stress due to unexpected forces at the rated load G. Setting the load tensile force F = 1.5 × G pre-calculates these potential excess loads, effectively adding a 1.5 times buffer space between theoretical and actual forces. In step S2, the cross-sectional bending moment M = F × L. This allows for dynamic and accurate calculation of the bending moment based on the actual load tensile force F and lever arm L, avoiding errors from empirical estimations. Ensuring the calculated cross-sectional modulus W precisely matches the bending moment borne by the lifting device and the material's safety strength avoids both insufficient structural strength due to an excessively small cross-sectional modulus W and material waste due to an excessively large cross-sectional modulus W. The minimum cross-sectional width B or cross-sectional height H is derived from the cross-sectional modulus W, providing a basis for calculation. Cross-sectional modulus W1=BH 3 / 12, cross-sectional modulus W1=W, thus BH 3 / 12=M / It can transform the cross-sectional modulus W into concrete parameters of cross-sectional width B and cross-sectional height H, avoiding empirical design deviations and ensuring that the dimensions perfectly match the stress requirements; at the same time, under the premise that the cross-sectional height H is a constant, it can accurately calculate the minimum value B1 of the cross-sectional width B; under the premise that the cross-sectional width B is a constant, it can accurately calculate the minimum value H1 of the cross-sectional height H.

[0011] Furthermore, the winch device includes two front winches and two rear winches. The two front winches are symmetrically distributed along one side of the spreader, and the two rear winches are symmetrically distributed along the other side of the spreader. The front and rear winches located at the same end of the spreader are symmetrically distributed.

[0012] With the above setup, the two front winches are symmetrically distributed along one side of the spreader, and the two rear winches are symmetrically distributed along the other side of the spreader. The symmetrical distribution of the front and rear winches makes the four lifting points on the spreader form a rectangular distribution, thus enabling the four lifting points to form a test scenario for testing the winches.

[0013] Further, step S5 includes: S51 Testing the front winch: A test weight G5 is attached to one front winch, and counterweights G4 are attached to two rear winches and another front winch. The front winch with the test weight G5 is run for testing. If the running front winch has no problems, the test weight G5 attached to the front winch and the counterweight G4 attached to the other front winch are interchanged. The other front winch with the test weight G5 attached after the interchange is run. If the running front winch has problems, the front winch to be replaced is determined and replaced. S52 tests the rear winch: two front winches and another rear winch are loaded with counterweight G4 and test weight G5. The rear winch is run for testing. If the test rear winch has no problems, the test weight G5 on the test rear winch and the counterweight G4 on the other rear winch are swapped. The other rear winch loaded with counterweight G4 after the swap is run. If the test rear winch has problems, the rear winch to be replaced is determined and replaced.

[0014] With the above setup, when testing the winch, there is no need for complicated equipment or frequent disassembly of the winch. First, the counterweight of the two front winches is tested. If one of the front winches is fine, the other front winch is replaced for testing. After testing the front winches, the two rear winches are tested, and one rear winch is tested first, followed by the other. This allows for the elimination of problems with the front winches first, and then the rear winches, thus systematically identifying the problems with the winches.

[0015] Furthermore, before step S51, the following steps are included: S50: determine the weights of the test weight G2 and the counterweight G3 based on the rated load G1 of the front and rear winches. The weight of the counterweight G3 is greater than the weight of the test weight G2, and the weight of the test weight G2 is greater than the weight of the rated load G1. The two front winches are loaded with the test weight G2, and the two rear winches are loaded with the counterweight G3. The front winches are tested. If there is a problem with the front winch test, proceed to S61. If there is no problem, the front winch is tested with an overload test L1.

[0016] With the above settings, before testing a single front winch, both front winches are tested first. Since the test weights on the two front winches are the same, it can be determined whether the upper end of the two front winches is balanced and whether the lower end has left the ground. If the balance is good and the winches have not left the ground, it is determined that there is no problem with the front winches. Then, if there is no problem with the front winches, each front winch is tested separately in step S61 to further confirm which winch is causing the problem.

[0017] Furthermore, the procedure before step S52 includes: S520: The two rear winches are loaded with test weights G2, and the two front winches are loaded with counterweights G3. The rear winches are run for testing. If there is a problem with the rear winch test, proceed to S62. If there is no problem, the rear winches are subjected to an overload test L2.

[0018] The above setup involves testing both rear winches before testing a single rear winch. Since the test loads on both rear winches are of the same weight, it is possible to determine the upper balance of the two rear winches and whether the lower ends have detached from the ground. If the balance is good and the winches have not detached from the ground, then the rear winches are confirmed to be without problems. Then, if the rear winches are without problems, each rear winch is tested separately in step S62 to further confirm which winch is malfunctioning.

[0019] Furthermore, before step S5, there is also step S02, which is a no-load test run of the front winch and the rear winch: both the front winch and the rear winch are equipped with encoders. During the test run, the data of one front winch is used as the reference K1, and the other front winch and the two rear winches use the reference K1 as the reference value.

[0020] The above settings and the no-load test run of S01 allow operators to visually observe the smoothness of the operation of the front and rear winches without the risk of load, laying the foundation for the subsequent step S1. Using the data of one front winch as the benchmark K1, the other front winch and the two rear winches use the benchmark K1 as the reference value to achieve synchronization of the two front winches and the four rear winches, ensuring that the lifting device always maintains a horizontal state when lifting and lowering.

[0021] Furthermore, step S4 includes: when the cross-sectional height H is a constant, the minimum cross-sectional width B1 can be obtained; when the cross-sectional width B is a constant, the minimum cross-sectional height H1 can be obtained.

[0022] The above settings determine the relationship between the height and width of the cross-section, which allows the relationship between the height and width of the cross-section to be correlated with the bending moment and yield strength of the cross-section. Furthermore, it can determine the minimum width B1 or the minimum height H1 of the cross-section, so that the structural dimensions of the lifting device match the stress requirements. This avoids local stress concentration caused by unreasonable size design and ensures that the lifting device is always within the safe stress range under the preset load tension F and load lever arm L, greatly reducing the probability of safety accidents during use.

[0023] Furthermore, the overload test L1 of the front winch includes: replacing the test weight G2 on the two front winches with test weight G21, wherein the weight of test weight G21 is 1.25 times the weight of weight G2, and then the front winch is run for test. If there is a problem with the front winch test, proceed to step S61. The overload test L2 of the rear winch includes: replacing the test weight G2 on the two rear winches with test weight G21, wherein the weight of test weight G21 is 1.25 times the weight of weight G2, and then the rear winch is run for test. If there is a problem with the rear winch test, proceed to step S62.

[0024] After the rated load test of the front winch in step S51 is completed without any problems, the overload test L1 is carried out by replacing the test weight G2 with the test weight G21. The test weight G21 is set proportionally based on the test weight G2. This not only conforms to the test logic of exceeding the rated load, but also avoids the front winch from suddenly bearing excessive pressure due to the excessive load span. It also ensures that the weight G3 can remain stably on the ground during the overload test, thereby maintaining the level of the lifting device. If the two front winches exhibit unstable speeds during the overload test, the front winches must be checked one by one in step S51.

[0025] The test of the rear winch is similar: after the rated load test of the rear winch in step S52 is completed without any problems, the overload test L2 is carried out by replacing the test weight G2 with the test weight G21. The test weight G21 is set proportionally based on the test weight G2. This not only conforms to the test logic of exceeding the rated load, but also avoids the front winch from suddenly bearing too much pressure due to the excessive load span. It also ensures that the counterweight G3 can remain stably on the ground during the overload test, thereby maintaining the level of the lifting device. If the two rear winches exhibit unstable speeds during the overload test, step S52 should be followed to check the condition of each rear winch one by one.

[0026] If the two front winches do not exhibit speed instability during the overload test, it indicates that the winch device meets the requirements.

[0027] Furthermore, in step S52, it is determined that the weight of the counterweight G4 is equal to the weight of the rated load G1, and the weight of the test weight G5 is greater than 1.25 times the weight of the rated load G1. In step S6, if there are no problems with the winch during the test, then the front winch overload test L1 and the rear winch overload test L2 are performed.

[0028] The core purpose of step S51 in the above setup is to identify the faulty equipment among the two front winches when an abnormality occurs during the test in step S50. First, the faulty front winch is identified. Then, a single front winch is run with a counterweight G4 attached, while the other winches are run with test weight G5, maintaining the balance of the lifting device. This allows it to be seen whether the single front winch meets the rated load G1. If it does, the other front winch is tested. This is mainly achieved by swapping the test weight G5 on the tested front winch with the counterweight G4 on the other front winch. The front winch with counterweight G4 is then run. After confirming the replaced front winch, the process proceeds to step S51. When all four winches are functioning correctly, an overload test is performed on the front and rear winches to further ensure their overload capacity.

[0029] Furthermore, S5 also includes: if the winch in the test run has no problems, then the test weight G5 on the winch in the test run is swapped with the counterweight G4 on another winch, and then the other winch with the swapped weight G5 is run. If the winch in the test run has problems, the winch to be replaced is determined and replaced.

[0030] The above setup allows for testing another winch by swapping loads, eliminating the need to disassemble and inspect multiple winches. Conversely, if the winch being tested malfunctions, the replacement winch can be identified and replaced directly. This eliminates the need for complex operations to build a test platform and disassemble and test each winch after testing one, thus ensuring high testing efficiency. Furthermore, since the winches are tested directly under actual boom usage conditions, the overall testing accuracy is high. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the process of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a side view of the lifting device in this invention.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a top view of the lifting device in this invention.

[0034] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view at point 21.

[0035] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1-Wind device 1; 11-Front winch; 12-Rear winch; 2-Lifting device; 21-Cross section; 22-Crossbeam; 23-Bearing plate; 3-Ground. Detailed Implementation

[0036] like Figure 1-4 As shown, a test method for an integrated hoisting structure of winch and lifting device includes a lifting device 2, which includes a crossbeam 22, a bearing plate 23, and a winch device 1. The crossbeam 22 is connected to the bearing plate 23, and the winch device 1 is mounted on the bearing plate 23. The method includes the following steps: S1 pre-determines the safety factor n of the cross section 21 connecting the beam 22 and the bearing plate 23, and determines the yield strength based on the material of the beam 22. And the ultimate stress of cross section 21 was obtained. ; S2 determines the load tension F and load lever L of the bearing plate 23 based on the rated load G of the winch device 1, and calculates the bending moment M of the cross section 21; the rated load G of the winch device 1 is the sum of the weight of the winch device and the weight of the rated load G1 of the winch device. S3 is based on the ultimate stress The modulus W of cross section 21 is obtained from the bending moment M of cross section 21; The modulus W1 of cross section 21 is related to the height H and width B of cross section 21. By combining the modulus W and the modulus W1 of cross section 21, when the height H of cross section 21 is a constant, the minimum width B1 of cross section 21 can be obtained; when the width B of cross section 21 is a constant, the minimum height H1 of cross section 21 can be obtained. S5 sets up a winch device 1 on the lifting device 2, and the winch device 1 is tested on the lifting device 2; the winch device 1 includes a front winch and a rear winch, and the rated load G1 of the front winch and the rear winch is determined; the weight of the counterweight G4 and the test weight G5 is determined, the weight of the test weight G5 is greater than the counterweight G4, and the counterweight G4 is greater than or equal to the rated load G1; one winch to be tested is loaded with the test weight G5, and the other three winches are loaded with the counterweight G4. The winch loaded with the test weight G5 is run for testing. If the winch running for testing has a problem, the bending moment on the cross section of the bearing plate is measured at the same time. If the bending moment on the cross section is within the preset range, the winch to be replaced is determined and replaced and removed. If the test winch has no problems, the test weight G5 on the test winch and the counterweight G4 on another winch are swapped. Then, the other winch with the swapped weight G5 is run. If the test winch has problems, the bending moment on the cross-section of the bearing plate is measured. If the bending moment on the cross-section is within the preset range, the winch to be replaced is determined and replaced.

[0037] In this embodiment, the preset range is defined as a range value formed by fluctuating by 10% above and below the cross-sectional bending moment M obtained in step S2. The bending moment of the cross-section on the bearing plate is measured using a bending moment measuring tool, and the values ​​are compared after the bending moment is measured. If the bending moment on the cross-section is within the preset range, it is determined that there is a problem with the winch. If the bending moment on the cross-section is not within the preset range, it is determined that there is a problem with the selection of the bearing plate of the lifting device. If the bending moment on the cross-section exceeds the preset range value, the cross-sectional width B is increased by 10% and / or the cross-sectional thickness H is increased by 10%. If the bending moment on the cross-section is lower than the preset range, the cross-sectional width B can be decreased by 10% and / or the cross-sectional thickness H can be decreased by 10%. Alternatively, the cross-sectional selection can be kept unchanged, because when the bending moment of the bearing plate is small, the bearing plate can meet the requirements, and the problem is mainly with the winch device.

[0038] In step S1, the safety factor n is 1.5, and the yield strength is... >355 MPa, ultimate stress at cross section 21 = In step S2, the load tension F = 1.5 × G, where G is the rated load of winch device 1; in step S2, the bending moment of cross section 21 M = F × L; in step S3, the modulus of cross section 21 W = M / The cross-sectional modulus W1=BH 3 / 12, the modulus of the cross section 21 W1=W, thus obtaining BH 3 / 12=M / In step S4, the height H of cross-section 21 is H=YB, where Y is a proportionality coefficient, 1≤Y≤4. In the selection of lifting device 2 in step S1, the safety factor n=1.5 and the yield strength... >355 MPa is associated with both through the ultimate stress of cross section 21. = / n provides a precise basis for subsequent steps; the load tension F can be F=1.5×G, where G is the rated load of winch device 1; through the safety factor n=1.5 and yield strength >355 MPa, the minimum range of cross section 21 is determined based on material strength and safety factor; the load tensile force F=1.5×G further mitigates the uncertainty risks during the hoisting process. If the bending moment M of cross section 21 is calculated only based on the theoretical rated load G, even if a safety factor of 1.5 is set in step S1, the stress may exceed the limit stress due to the unexpected force when the rated load G is applied.

[0039] The setting of the load tension F = 1.5 × G incorporates these potential excess loads into the calculation in advance, effectively adding a 1.5 times buffer space between the theoretical and actual forces. In step S2, the bending moment M = F × L at cross-section 21 allows for dynamic and accurate calculation of the bending moment based on the actual load tension F and lever arm L, avoiding errors from empirical estimations. This ensures that the calculated modulus W of cross-section 21 precisely matches the bending moment borne by the lifting device 2 and the material's safety strength. This avoids insufficient structural strength due to an excessively small modulus W at cross-section 21, while also preventing material waste due to an excessively large modulus W. The minimum values ​​of the width B or height H of cross-section 21 are derived from the modulus W at cross-section 21, providing a calculation basis. Modulus W1 of cross-section 21 = BH 3 / 12, the modulus of the cross section 21 W1=W, thus obtaining BH 3 / 12=M / It can transform the modulus W of the cross section 21 into concrete parameters of the width B and height H of the cross section 21, avoiding empirical design deviations and ensuring that the dimensions perfectly match the stress requirements; at the same time, under the premise that the height H of the cross section 21 is a constant, it can accurately calculate the minimum value B1 of the width B of the cross section 21; under the premise that the width B of the cross section 21 is a constant, it can accurately calculate the minimum value H1 of the height H of the cross section 21.

[0040] The winch device 1 includes two front winches 11 and two rear winches 12. The two front winches 11 are symmetrically distributed along one side of the lifting device 2, and the two rear winches 12 are symmetrically distributed along the other side of the lifting device 2. The front winches 11 and rear winches 12 located at the same end of the lifting device 2 are symmetrically distributed. The two front winches 11 are symmetrically distributed along one side of the lifting device 2, and the two rear winches 12 are symmetrically distributed along the other side of the lifting device 2. The symmetrical distribution of the front winches 11 and rear winches 12 makes the four lifting points on the lifting device 2 form a rectangular distribution, so that the four lifting points can form a test scenario for testing the winch.

[0041] S5 includes: S51 Testing the front winch 11: A test weight G5 is attached to one front winch 11, and counterweights G4 are attached to two rear winches 12 and another front winch 11. The front winch 11 with the test weight G5 is run for testing. If the running front winch 11 has no problems, the test weight G5 attached to the front winch 11 and the counterweight G4 attached to the other front winch 11 are interchanged. After the interchange, the other front winch 11 with the test weight G5 is run. If the running front winch 11 has problems, the front winch 11 that needs to be replaced is determined and replaced. S52 tests the rear winch 12: Two front winches 11 and another rear winch 12 are loaded with counterweight G4 and test weight G5. The rear winch 12 is run for testing. If the test rear winch 12 runs without problems, the test weight G5 on the test rear winch 12 and the counterweight G4 on the other rear winch 12 are interchanged. The other rear winch 12 with the counterweight G4 after the interchange is run. If the test rear winch 12 has problems, the rear winch 12 that needs to be replaced is replaced. The winches are then tested... During the test, no complicated equipment or frequent disassembly of the winches is required. First, the counterweight of the two front winches 11 is tested. If one of the front winches 11 is fine, the other front winch 11 is replaced for testing. After testing the front winches 11, the two rear winches 12 are tested. One rear winch 12 is tested first, and then the other rear winch 12 is tested. This allows the problems of the front winches 11 to be eliminated first, and then the problems of the rear winches 12 to be eliminated. This orderly method can identify the problems existing on the winches.

[0042] Before step S51, the following steps are also included: S50 determines the weights of the test weight G2 and the counterweight G3 based on the rated load G1 of the front winch 11 and the rear winch 12. The weight of the counterweight G3 is greater than the weight of the test weight G2, and the weight of the test weight G2 is greater than the weight of the rated load G1. The two front winches 11 are loaded with the test weight G2, and the two rear winches 12 are loaded with the counterweight G3. The front winches 11 are run for testing. If there is a problem with the front winch running test, proceed to S61. If there is no problem with the test, the front winch 11 undergoes an overload test L1. The above settings are in... Before testing each front winch 11 individually, both front winches 11 are tested first. Since the test weights on both front winches 11 are the same, it can be determined whether the upper end of the two front winches 11 is balanced and whether the lower end is off the ground 3. If the balance is good and the winches are not off the ground 3, it is determined that the front winches 11 are not problematic. Then, if the front winches 11 are not problematic, each front winch 11 is tested separately in step S51 to further confirm which winch is malfunctioning.

[0043] Before step S52, the procedure also includes: S520, two rear winches 12 are loaded with test weights G2, and two front winches 11 are loaded with counterweights G3. The rear winches 12 are run for testing. If there is a problem with the test of the rear winches 12, proceed to S62. If there is no problem, the rear winches 12 undergo an overload test L2. Before testing each rear winch 12 individually, both rear winches 12 are tested first. Since the test weights loaded on the two rear winches 12 are the same, it can be determined whether the upper end of the two rear winches 12 is balanced and whether the lower end has lifted off the ground 3. If the balance is good and the lower end has not lifted off the ground 3, it is determined that there is no problem with the rear winches 12. Then, if there is no problem with the rear winches 12, each rear winch 12 is tested separately in step S52 to further confirm which winch has a problem.

[0044] Before step S5, there is also step S02, which is a no-load test run of the front winch 11 and the rear winch 12: both the front winch 11 and the rear winch 12 are equipped with encoders. During the test run, the data of one front winch 11 is used as the reference K1, and the other front winch 11 and the two rear winches 12 are used as reference values. The no-load test run of S01 allows the operator to intuitively observe the smoothness of the operation of the front and rear winches 12 without the risk of load, laying the foundation for the subsequent step S1. Using the data of one front winch 11 as the reference K1, and the other front winch 11 and the two rear winches 12 as reference values, the four of the two front winches 11 and the rear winches 12 are synchronized, which can ensure that the lifting device 2 always maintains a horizontal state when lifting and lowering.

[0045] The weight of the test weight G2 is equal to twice the weight of the rated load G1, and the weight of the counterweight G3 is greater than 2.5 times the weight of the rated load G1. Since the rated loads of the front winch 11 and the rear winch 12 are the same, both G1, the load tested on the two front winches 11 is G2, which is twice the rated load G1. During the operation of the front winch 11, the test weight G3 is always located on the ground 3. When the pulling force of the counterweight G2 is applied to one winch, the test weight G3 is connected to the winch on one side by a traction rope. This results in the test weight G3 exerting a downward pulling force on one side of the winch, while the winch carrying G3 exerts an upward pulling force on G3 during operation. Meanwhile, the counterweight G2 exerts a downward pulling force on the other side of the winch. The reaction force of the test weight G3 on the winch acts on the other side of the winch. Since the test weight G3 is greater than 2.5 times the rated load G1, and the counterweight G2 is also greater than the rated load G1, the entire lifting device 2 cannot lift G3 off the ground 3 during normal operation of the winch carrying the test weight. Simultaneously, even if the pulling force of the test weight G3 fluctuates slightly, the other counterweights can quickly replenish it, further preventing the test weight G3 from moving upward, thus keeping the lifting device 2 horizontal.

[0046] The overload test L1 of the front winch 11 includes: replacing the test weight G2 mounted on the two front winches 11 with the test weight G21, wherein the weight of the test weight G21 is 1.25 times the weight of the weight G2, and then the front winch 11 runs the test. If there is a problem with the front winch 11 test, proceed to step S51. The overload test L2 of the rear winch 12 includes: replacing the test weight G2 on the two rear winches 12 with test weight G21, wherein the weight of test weight G21 is 1.25 times the weight of weight G2. Then the rear winch 12 is run for testing. If there is a problem with the test of the rear winch 12, the process proceeds to step S52. After the rated load test of the front winch 11 is completed without problems in step S51, the overload test L1 is carried out by replacing the test weight G2 with test weight G21. Test weight G21 is set proportionally based on test weight G2, which not only conforms to the test logic of exceeding the rated load, but also avoids the front winch 11 from suddenly bearing excessive pressure due to excessive load span. It also ensures that during the overload test, weight G3 can still remain stably on the ground 3, thereby maintaining the horizontal position of the lifting device 2. If the two front winches 11 exhibit unstable speeds during the overload test, the front winches 11 must be checked one by one in step S51.

[0047] The test of the rear winch 12 is similar: after the rated load test of the rear winch 12 in step S52 is completed without any problems, the overload test L2 is carried out by replacing the test weight G2 with the test weight G21. The test weight G21 is set proportionally based on the test weight G2, which not only conforms to the test logic of exceeding the rated load, but also avoids the front winch 11 from suddenly bearing too much pressure due to the excessive load span. It also ensures that the counterweight G3 can remain stably on the ground 3 during the overload test, thereby maintaining the level of the lifting device 2. If the two rear winches 12 exhibit unstable speeds during the overload test, step S52 should be initiated to check the condition of each rear winch 12 individually.

[0048] If the two front winches 11 do not exhibit speed instability during the overload test, it indicates that the winch device 1 meets the requirements.

[0049] In step S52, the weight of the counterweight G4 is determined to be equal to the weight of the rated load G1, and the weight of the test weight G5 is greater than 1.25 times the weight of the rated load G1. In step S6, if the winch in the test runs without problems, then the front winch overload test L1 and the rear winch overload test L2 are performed. The core objective is to identify the faulty equipment among the two front winches 11 when an anomaly occurs during step S50. First, the faulty front winch 11 is identified. Then, a single front winch 11 is run with a counterweight G4, while the other winches are run with test weights G5, maintaining the balance of the lifting device 2. This allows it to be seen whether a single front winch 11 meets the rated load G1. If it does, the other front winch 11 is tested. This is achieved by swapping the test weight G5 on the tested front winch 11 with the counterweight G4 on the other front winch 11. The front winch 11 with the counterweight G4 then runs. After confirming the replacement front winch 11, the process proceeds to step S51. If all four winches are functioning correctly, an overload test is performed on the front and rear winches to further ensure their overload capacity.

[0050] The working principle of this invention is as follows: First, the bearing plate in the lifting device is selected. Since a winch device is installed on the lifting device, the weight of the winch device on the bearing plate and the sum of the load weight of the winch device determine the rated load of the winch device as the load tension F on the bearing plate. Then, in step S1, the safety factor n of the cross section 21 connecting the beam 22 and the bearing plate 23 is preset, and the yield strength of the beam 22 material is considered. Determine the ultimate stress of cross section 21 According to the yield strength of the material Determine the ultimate stress Based on the rated load G of the winch device 1, the load tension F and load lever arm L of the bearing plate 23 are determined. By calculating the bending moment M and modulus W of the cross section 21, the minimum width B1 or minimum height H1 of the cross section 21 is finally determined, so that the structural dimensions of the lifting device 2 match the requirements of the winch device 1, avoiding local stress concentration caused by unreasonable size design, and ensuring that the lifting device 2 is always within the safe load range under the preset load tension F and load lever arm L, which greatly reduces the probability of safety accidents during use. By combining the modulus W and W1 of the cross section 21, the minimum value B1 of the cross section width B and the minimum value H1 of the cross section height H are determined. Thus, the rated load of the winch device can be correlated with the bearing capacity of the bearing plate during the early lifting device selection process, ensuring the accuracy of the selection, and also providing a basis for bending moment testing for subsequent winch testing. When testing the winch, the winch device 1 is mounted on the aforementioned lifting device 2, eliminating the need for complex equipment or frequent winch disassembly. During the test, only one winch to be tested needs to be loaded with the test weight G5, and the other three winches need to be loaded with counterweights G4. The load of the test weight should exceed the rated load. First, one winch is loaded with the test weight G5, and the other three side winches are loaded with the counterweights G4. During the operation of the test winch, the test weight G5 remains on the ground. When the pulling force of the counterweights G4 acts on one side of the other three winches, since the counterweights G4 are connected to the other winches via traction ropes, the test weight G5... During hoisting, the total tension generated by the test winch is equal to the weight of the test weight G5. The tension of the test weight G5 is transmitted to the other three winches through the spreader 2. However, since the counterweights G4 on the other three winches are also greater than or equal to the rated load, the other loads cannot be lifted off the ground. If the winch carrying the test weight operates normally, for example, if the weight on the winch carrying the test weight does not lift off the ground, then the test winch is in normal condition. Then, another winch is tested by swapping the loads. There is no need to disassemble and inspect multiple winches. Conversely, if the test winch is in abnormal condition, the winch that needs to be replaced is determined and replaced. There is no need for complicated operations to build a test platform and disassemble and test the winch after testing one winch before testing the next winch. This makes the whole test efficient. Since the winches are directly tested under the actual boom usage conditions, the whole test is accurate.

[0051] Example 2.

[0052] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment one is that step S5 in embodiment one is divided into front winch and rear winch for testing. In this embodiment, the four winches are tested by hanging test weights. If one winch fails to test, the adjacent winch is tested. This can be achieved by testing the front winch, rear winch, rear winch, and front winch.

[0053] If the winch is tested without problems, then the front winch overload test L1 and the rear winch overload test L2 will proceed. In this embodiment, the front winch overload test L1 and the rear winch overload test L2 are the same as those in Embodiment 1.

Claims

1. A test method for an integrated winch and lifting device hoisting structure, comprising the lifting device, characterized in that: The lifting device includes a crossbeam and a bearing plate, and a winch device mounted on the lifting device. The crossbeam is connected to the bearing plate, and the process includes the following steps: S1 pre-determines the safety factor n of the cross-section connecting the beam and the load-bearing plate, and determines the yield strength based on the beam material. And the ultimate stress of the cross section is obtained. ; S2 determines the load tension F and load lever L of the bearing plate based on the rated load G of the winch device, and calculates the cross-sectional bending moment M. S3 is based on ultimate stress The cross-sectional modulus W is derived from the bending moment M of the cross section; The cross-sectional modulus W1 of S4 is associated with the cross-sectional height H and the cross-sectional width B, determining the minimum cross-sectional height H1 and the minimum cross-sectional width B1; and manufacturing the lifting device according to the minimum cross-sectional height H1 and the minimum cross-sectional width B1. S5. A winch device is installed on the lifting device, and the winch device is tested on the lifting device. The winch device includes a front winch and a rear winch. The rated load G1 of the front winch and the rear winch is determined. The weights of the counterweight G4 and the test weight G5 are determined. The weight of the test weight G5 is greater than that of the counterweight G4, and the counterweight G4 is greater than or equal to the rated load G1. One winch to be tested is equipped with the test weight G5, and the other three winches are equipped with the counterweight G4. The winch equipped with the test weight G5 is run for testing. If the winch running for testing has a problem, the bending moment on the cross-section of the bearing plate is measured at the same time. If the bending moment on the cross-section is within the preset range, the winch to be replaced is determined and replaced and removed from service.

2. The test method for an integrated winch and lifting device hoisting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the safety factor n is 1.5, and the yield strength is... >355 MPa, ultimate stress of cross section In step S2, the load tension F = 1.5 × G, where G is the rated load of the winch device; in step S2, the cross-sectional bending moment M = F × L; and in step S3, the cross-sectional modulus W = M / Cross-sectional modulus W1=BH 3 / 12, cross-sectional modulus W1=W, thus BH 3 / 12=M / In step S4, the cross-sectional height H = YB, where Y is a proportionality coefficient, 1 ≤ Y ≤ 4.

3. The test method for an integrated winch and lifting device hoisting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The winch device includes two front winches and two rear winches. The two front winches are symmetrically distributed along one side of the lifting device, and the two rear winches are symmetrically distributed along the other side of the lifting device. The front and rear winches located at the same end of the lifting device are symmetrically distributed.

4. The method for selecting lifting devices and testing winches based on winch mounting as described in claim 3, characterized in that: S5 includes: S51 tests the front winch: A test weight G5 is attached to one front winch, and counterweights G4 are attached to two rear winches and another front winch. The front winch with the test weight G5 is run for testing. If there is no problem with the running front winch, the test weight G5 attached to the front winch and the counterweight G4 attached to the other front winch are swapped. The other front winch with the test weight G5 attached after the swap is run. If there is a problem with the running front winch, the front winch to be replaced is determined and replaced. S52 tests the rear winch: two front winches and another rear winch are loaded with counterweight G4 and test weight G5. The rear winch is run for testing. If the test rear winch has no problems, the test weight G5 on the test rear winch and the counterweight G4 on the other rear winch are swapped. The other rear winch loaded with counterweight G4 after the swap is run. If the test rear winch has problems, the rear winch to be replaced is determined and replaced.

5. The test method for an integrated hoisting structure of winch and lifting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before step S51, the following steps are also included: S50, the weights of the test weight G2 and the counterweight G3 are determined according to the rated load G1 of the front and rear winches. The weight of the counterweight G3 is greater than the weight of the test weight G2, and the weight of the test weight G2 is greater than the weight of the rated load G1. The two front winches are loaded with the test weight G2, and the two rear winches are loaded with the counterweight G3. The front winches are run for testing. If there is a problem with the front winch running test, S51 is performed. If there is no problem with the test, the front winch is subjected to an overload test L1.

6. The test method for an integrated hoisting structure of winch and lifting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before step S52, the following steps are also included: S520, two rear winches are loaded with test weights G2, two front winches are loaded with counterweights G3, and the rear winches are run for testing. If there is a problem with the rear winch test, S52 is performed. If there is no problem with the test, the rear winches are subjected to an overload test L2.

7. The test method for an integrated winch and lifting device hoisting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before step S5, there is also step S02, which requires the front winch and the rear winch to be tested under no-load conditions: both the front winch and the rear winch are equipped with encoders. During the test run, the data of one front winch is used as the reference K1, and the other front winch and the two rear winches use the reference K1 as the reference value.

8. The test method for an integrated winch and lifting device hoisting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S4 includes: when the cross-sectional height H is a constant, the minimum cross-sectional width B1 can be obtained; when the cross-sectional width B is a constant, the minimum cross-sectional height H1 can be obtained.

9. The test method for an integrated hoisting structure of winch and lifting device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The front winch undergoes an overload test L1: Test weight G2 is replaced with test weight G21, where the weight of test weight G21 is 1.25 times the weight of weight G2. Then the front winch is run for testing. If there is a problem with the front winch test, proceed to step S61. The overload test L2 of the rear winch includes: replacing the test weight G2 on the two rear winches with test weight G21, wherein the weight of test weight G21 is 1.25 times the weight of weight G2, and then the rear winch is run for test. If there is a problem with the rear winch test, proceed to step S52.

10. The test method for an integrated hoisting structure of winch and lifting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: S5 also includes: if the winch in the test run has no problems, then the test weight G5 on the winch in the test run is swapped with the counterweight G4 on another winch, and then the other winch with the swapped weight G5 is run. If the winch in the test run has problems, the winch to be replaced is determined and replaced.

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