Inter-separation bridge anti-collision device for high-intensity area and simulation calculation method thereof

Abstract

The application relates to a high-intensity-area isolation bridge beam-to-beam anti-collision device, which is arranged in a longitudinal beam joint of adjacent bridge beam ends of a high-intensity-area isolation bridge, and comprises a bearing layer arranged at one side of the beam end and a buffer layer arranged on the bearing layer. The bearing layer is a polyurethane layer, and the buffer layer is a fiber-reinforced sodium alginate aerogel composite layer. The application provides a high-efficiency energy dissipation mechanism through multi-stage buffer design, controls the beam joint width and reduces collision damage, the bearing layer is a polyurethane layer, can resist longitudinal collision, dissipate energy and reduce the impact force peak value transmitted to the bridge structure, and the buffer layer is a fiber-reinforced sodium alginate aerogel composite layer, can absorb initial impact and reduce local stress.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridge seismic isolation technology, specifically to an anti-collision device between beams of a high-intensity seismic isolation bridge and its simulation calculation method. Background Technology

[0002] For long-span bridges in high-intensity seismic zones, seismic isolation design is required to reduce the structural seismic internal force response. This typically involves using lead-core rubber bearings or friction pendulum bearings. While these isolation designs can reduce the structural seismic internal forces, they also significantly increase the displacement response under seismic conditions.

[0003] When a long-span seismic isolation bridge is subjected to longitudinal earthquakes, the bridge will experience significant longitudinal displacement under the seismic action. When the longitudinal displacement of two adjacent bridges exceeds the width of the beam joint, longitudinal collision will occur between the main beams. Repeated collisions of the main beams will lead to local structural damage, beam deflection and bridge deck damage, which is detrimental to structural durability and normal bridge operation.

[0004] In related technologies, the problem of main beam collision is often addressed by increasing the width of the beam joint. However, as the bridge length continues to increase, the beam joint width may be set too large in high-intensity seismic zones, resulting in excessively large expansion joints. This leads to a sharp decrease in the durability and driving performance of the expansion joints, and can easily cause consequences such as bearing misalignment and wear, and drainage system failure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a collision avoidance device between beams of a high-intensity seismic isolation bridge and its simulation calculation method, aiming to solve the technical problem in related technologies that it is difficult to take into account both the beam joint width and collision damage in high-intensity seismic isolation bridges.

[0006] This application provides an inter-beam collision avoidance device for high-intensity seismic isolation bridges. The inter-beam collision avoidance device is installed in the longitudinal beam joint at the end of adjacent bridge beams in a high-intensity seismic isolation bridge. The inter-beam collision avoidance device includes a load-bearing layer at one end of the beam and a buffer layer on the load-bearing layer. The load-bearing layer is a polyurethane layer. The buffer layer is a fiber-reinforced sodium alginate aerogel composite layer.

[0007] In one embodiment, the thickness of the bearing layer is 20-50 mm, and the thickness of the buffer layer is 10-30 mm.

[0008] In one embodiment, the area of ​​the load-bearing layer and / or the buffer layer is 1 / 4 to 3 / 4 of the cross-sectional area of ​​the beam end.

[0009] In one embodiment, the beam anti-collision device further includes a pre-embedded steel plate disposed at the other end of the beam, the pre-embedded steel plate being disposed opposite to the buffer layer.

[0010] This application also provides a simulation calculation method for a high-intensity seismic isolation bridge inter-beam anti-collision device, which applies the high-intensity seismic isolation bridge inter-beam anti-collision device as described in any of the above claims, and includes the following steps: Mechanical model parameters are obtained based on the inter-beam anti-collision device; A dynamic calculation model for adjacent bridges in high-intensity seismic isolation zones is established as a benchmark model. A boundary nonlinear element composed of gap elements and spring damping elements connected in series is constructed as a simulation model of the inter-beam collision avoidance device; The boundary nonlinear element is set at the beam joint location of the reference model to calculate the beam end collision force of the adjacent bridge.

[0011] In one embodiment, obtaining the mechanical model parameters based on the inter-beam collision avoidance device includes: The restoring force model of the inter-beam anti-collision device is determined based on the parameters of the buffer layer and the load-bearing layer. The force-displacement hysteresis curves were plotted using a trilinear model to obtain the mechanical model parameters.

[0012] In one embodiment, setting the boundary nonlinear element at the beam joint location of the reference model and calculating the beam end collision force of the adjacent bridge includes: The two ends of the boundary nonlinear element are respectively connected to the beam end nodes of the adjacent bridge. Determine the parameters of the boundary nonlinear unit; Calculate the beam-end collision force of the adjacent bridge sections.

[0013] In one embodiment, the spring damping unit includes a contact unit and a damping unit arranged in parallel.

[0014] In one implementation, the formula for calculating the beam-end collision force of the adjacent connecting bridges is as follows: ; in, The collision force at the beam ends of adjacent bridges. For the spring stiffness of the inter-beam anti-collision device, The contact area of ​​the inter-beam anti-collision device. This refers to the critical compressive deformation amount at which the inter-beam anti-collision device transitions from elastic to plastic behavior. The damping coefficient of the damping element is... and For the contact surface displacement, and For the contact surface velocity, This represents the initial gap of the gap element.

[0015] In one implementation, determining the parameters of the boundary nonlinear element includes: Determine the gap value of the gap unit, wherein the gap value is the difference between the beam joint width and the thickness of the inter-beam anti-collision device; The parameters of the spring damping unit are determined based on the parameters of the mechanical model.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in this application include: This application provides a high-intensity seismic isolation bridge inter-beam anti-collision device. Through a multi-stage buffer design, it provides an efficient energy dissipation mechanism. The load-bearing layer is a polyurethane layer, resisting longitudinal impacts and dissipating energy to reduce the peak impact force transmitted to the bridge structure. The buffer layer is a fiber-reinforced sodium alginate aerogel composite layer, absorbing the initial impact and reducing local stress. The porous collapse of the aerogel and the plastic deformation of the reinforcing fibers further dissipate energy, creating a "soft landing" effect. The lightweight load-bearing layer and buffer layer work together to reduce vibration. The elastic recovery force of the polyurethane layer combines with the hysteretic damping of the fiber-reinforced sodium alginate aerogel composite layer to reduce residual displacement. The lightweight design avoids increasing the load on the seismic isolation bearings, maintaining the effectiveness of the seismic isolation system. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a high-intensity seismic isolation bridge beam anti-collision device in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a simulation calculation method for a high-intensity seismic isolation bridge beam anti-collision device in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a boundary nonlinear unit in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is the force-displacement hysteresis curve of the boundary nonlinear element in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] In the figure: 1. Inter-beam anti-collision device; 11. Bearing layer; 12. Buffer layer; 13. Embedded steel plate; 2. High-intensity seismic isolation bridge; 21. Pier; 22. Cap beam; 23. Beam body; 3. Boundary nonlinear element; 31. Gap element; 32. Spring damping element; 321. Contact element; 322. Damping element. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0024] This application provides an anti-collision device between beams of a high-intensity seismic isolation bridge and its simulation calculation method, aiming to solve the technical problem in related technologies that it is difficult to take into account both the beam joint width and collision damage in high-intensity seismic isolation bridges.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an anti-collision device between beams of a high-intensity seismic isolation bridge according to an embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that, for clarity, the beam joints and the anti-collision device between beams are shown in enlarged form.

[0026] The high-intensity seismic isolation bridge 2 includes the lowest pier 21, the cap beam 22 set on the pier 21, and the adjacent connecting bridge beams 23 on the cap beam 22, with the beam ends of the adjacent connecting bridge beams 23 forming longitudinal beam joints.

[0027] This embodiment provides an inter-beam collision prevention device for high-intensity seismic isolation bridges. The inter-beam collision prevention device 1 is installed in the longitudinal beam joint at the end of adjacent bridge beams in a high-intensity seismic isolation bridge. The inter-beam collision prevention device 1 includes a load-bearing layer 11 installed at one end of the beam and a buffer layer 12 installed on the load-bearing layer 11. The load-bearing layer 11 is a polyurethane layer. The buffer layer 12 is a fiber-reinforced sodium alginate aerogel composite layer.

[0028] For long-span seismically isolated bridges in high-intensity seismic zones, large relative displacements can easily occur between adjacent spans. Once this displacement exceeds the width of the beam joint, collisions will occur between the beams, resulting in significant impact forces. This embodiment provides a beam-to-beam anti-collision device for seismically isolated bridges in high-intensity seismic zones. Through a multi-stage buffer design, it provides an efficient energy dissipation mechanism. The load-bearing layer is a polyurethane layer that resists longitudinal impacts and dissipates energy to reduce the peak impact force transmitted to the bridge structure. The buffer layer is a fiber-reinforced sodium alginate aerogel composite layer that absorbs the initial impact and reduces local stress. The porous collapse of the aerogel and the plastic deformation of the reinforcing fibers further dissipate energy, creating a "soft landing" effect. This reduces collision damage and controls the beam joint width, resolving the contradiction between large displacement response and structural constraints. It effectively reduces relative displacement at the beam ends. Even if the beam joint width is less than the relative displacement, the longitudinal stiffness and damping provided by the beam-to-beam anti-collision device buffer the beam ends between the spans, preventing direct collisions.

[0029] In addition, the lightweight load-bearing layer and buffer layer work together to reduce vibration. The elastic recovery force of the polyurethane layer is combined with the hysteretic damping of the fiber-reinforced sodium alginate aerogel composite layer to reduce residual displacement. The lightweight design avoids increasing the load on the seismic isolation bearings and maintains the effectiveness of the seismic isolation system.

[0030] The polyurethane (PU) layer is a polymer material polymerized from polyols and isocyanates, possessing tunable mechanical properties, excellent wear resistance, and environmental adaptability. The polyurethane layer not only serves as an energy absorption medium but also provides a stable substrate for the fiber-reinforced sodium alginate aerogel composite layer placed upon it, acting as a crucial transition layer connecting the rigid bridge with the flexible fiber-reinforced sodium alginate aerogel composite layer.

[0031] Fiber-reinforced sodium alginate aerogel composite is a lightweight, high-performance material using sodium alginate as the matrix material, combined with fiber reinforcement and a porous aerogel structure. It possesses controllable mechanical properties, and its unique multi-scale structure endows it with excellent energy absorption and environmental adaptability. Sodium alginate forms a three-dimensional network framework, the fiber reinforcement enhances mechanical strength, and the porous aerogel structure achieves lightweighting and energy dissipation. Furthermore, the polyurethane layer, being a low-carbon matrix material, works in conjunction with the biodegradable fiber-reinforced sodium alginate aerogel composite to achieve carbon neutralization.

[0032] In one embodiment, the thickness of the bearing layer 11 is 20-50 mm, and the thickness of the buffer layer 12 is 10-30 mm.

[0033] Furthermore, the lengths of the buffer layer 12 and the load-bearing layer 11 are controlled by their thicknesses and are no greater than 1 / 2 of the seam width.

[0034] In one embodiment, the area of ​​the load-bearing layer 11 and / or the buffer layer 12 is 1 / 4 to 3 / 4 of the cross-sectional area of ​​the beam end.

[0035] By using the above scheme, the thickness and area of ​​the load-bearing layer and the buffer layer are reasonably set, so as to maximize the role of the load-bearing layer and the buffer layer.

[0036] In one embodiment, the beam anti-collision device 1 further includes a pre-embedded steel plate 13 disposed at the other end of the beam, the pre-embedded steel plate 13 being disposed opposite to the buffer layer 12.

[0037] The above scheme utilizes pre-embedded steel plates to improve the rigidity and flatness of the beam end contact surface.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a simulation calculation method for a high-intensity seismic isolation bridge beam anti-collision device in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] This embodiment also provides a simulation calculation method for an anti-collision device between beams of a high-intensity seismic isolation bridge. The method, applying the aforementioned anti-collision device between beams of a high-intensity seismic isolation bridge, includes the following steps: Step S1: Obtain mechanical model parameters based on the inter-beam anti-collision device; Step S2: Establish a dynamic calculation model for adjacent bridges in high-intensity seismic isolation bridges as a benchmark model; Step S3: Construct a boundary nonlinear element composed of gap elements and spring damping elements connected in series, as a simulation model of the inter-beam collision avoidance device; Step S4: Set boundary nonlinear elements at the beam joint position of the benchmark model and calculate the beam end collision force of adjacent bridges.

[0040] The above scheme accurately reproduces the graded energy dissipation mechanism of the inter-beam anti-collision device using boundary nonlinear elements composed of gap elements and spring damping elements connected in series. Local nonlinear elements couple the global model of adjacent bridges in high-intensity seismic isolation bridges to reflect the interaction between flexible deformation and collision of the beams. By accurately characterizing the nonlinear mechanical behavior of the anti-collision device and efficiently integrating the overall dynamic analysis of the bridge, the design and calculation of the supporting inter-beam anti-collision device are simulated, further verifying the feasibility and necessity of the device, improving the seismic performance of the bridge, and significantly enhancing the calculation accuracy and engineering applicability of the collision response of high-intensity seismic isolation bridges.

[0041] In one embodiment, step S1, obtaining mechanical model parameters based on the inter-beam collision avoidance device, includes: Step S11: Determine the restoring force model of the inter-beam anti-collision device based on the parameters of the buffer layer and the load-bearing layer.

[0042] Specifically, the number of layers in the buffer layer and the load-bearing layer can be based on their respective test data or product parameters.

[0043] Step S12: Simulate using the trilinear model and plot the force-displacement hysteresis curve to obtain the mechanical model parameters.

[0044] The trilinear model is a piecewise linear constitutive model used to describe the stiffness degradation and energy dissipation behavior of materials or structures under stress, and is particularly suitable for simulating the nonlinear mechanical responses of concrete, composite materials, and crash barriers. The trilinear model accurately describes the mechanical responses of buffer and load-bearing layers, and plots force-displacement hysteresis curves to optimize the mechanical model parameters.

[0045] Step S2: Establish a dynamic calculation model for adjacent bridges in high-intensity seismic isolation bridges as a benchmark model.

[0046] Specifically, a spatial finite element dynamic calculation model of two adjacent bridge sections is established according to the design documents to determine the bridge stiffness, mass, damping matrix, and seismic isolation bearing parameters. The dynamic calculation settings are performed according to conventional seismic isolation design methods. The above model is regarded as the benchmark model.

[0047] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, where, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a boundary nonlinear unit in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is the force-displacement hysteresis curve of the boundary nonlinear element in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] A boundary nonlinear element 3, consisting of a gap element 31 and a spring damping element 32 connected in series, is constructed to simulate an inter-beam collision avoidance device.

[0049] In one embodiment, the spring damping unit 32 includes a contact unit 321 and a damping unit 322 arranged in parallel to account for energy loss during a collision.

[0050] The damping coefficient is expressed as: ; in, The spring stiffness of the inter-beam anti-collision device, in units ; e The coefficient of restitution is the kinetic energy recovery factor. e =0 indicates a perfectly inelastic collision. e =1 indicates a perfectly elastic collision; This refers to the critical compressive deformation of the inter-beam anti-collision device as it transitions from elastic to plastic deformation, expressed in units of... m Determined by compression test; The damping coefficient of the damping element, in units of ; and For the displacement of the contact surface, in units m ; and For contact surface velocity, in units m / s ; The initial gap of the gap element, unit m .

[0051] The spring stiffness of the inter-beam anti-collision device is calculated using the following formula. : ; in, These are the material stiffnesses of the buffer layer and the load-bearing layer, respectively, in units of... ; These are the elastic moduli of the buffer layer and the load-bearing layer, respectively, in units of Pa ; ; The Poisson's ratios of the materials for the buffer layer and the load-bearing layer are respectively. ; These are the surface roughness coefficients of the buffer layer and the load-bearing layer, respectively, and can be taken as 0.1; This refers to the contact area of ​​the anti-collision device between beams.

[0052] In one embodiment, step S4, setting boundary nonlinear elements at the beam joint location of the reference model and calculating the beam end collision force of adjacent bridges, includes: Step S41: Connect the two ends of the boundary nonlinear element to the beam end nodes of the adjacent bridge to form a finite element calculation model for setting up the inter-beam anti-collision device. Step S42: Determine the parameters of the boundary nonlinear element; Step S43: Calculate the beam-end collision force of adjacent bridges.

[0053] In one embodiment, the formula for calculating the beam-end collision force of adjacent bridges is as follows: ; in, The force of impact at the beam ends of adjacent bridges, in units N ; The spring stiffness of the inter-beam anti-collision device, in units ; The contact area of ​​the inter-beam anti-collision device, in units ; The critical compressive deformation of the inter-beam anti-collision device as it transitions from elastic to plastic deformation; The damping coefficient of the damping element is... and For the contact surface displacement, and For the contact surface velocity, This represents the initial gap of the gap element.

[0054] In one embodiment, step S42, determining the parameters of the boundary nonlinear element, includes: Step S421: Determine the gap value of the gap unit. The gap value is the difference between the beam joint width and the thickness of the anti-collision device between beams. Step S422: Determine the parameters of the spring damping unit based on the mechanical model parameters.

[0055] Under a given seismic wave, dynamic time history analyses considering boundary nonlinearities were performed on models with and without inter-beam collision avoidance devices. The dynamic time histories used site type II, peak ground acceleration of 0.20g, and characteristic period... Seven sets of seismic waves were analyzed. Comparative calculations showed that after installing longitudinal anti-collision devices between bridge beams, the peak impact force at the beam ends decreased by 40%–75%, the peak displacement at the beam ends decreased by 25%–35%, and the number of collisions decreased by more than 50%. This anti-collision measure also reduced the required width of the beam joint by 30%–40%, effectively resolving the contradiction between large displacement response and structural constraints.

[0056] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0057] It should be noted that in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0058] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or". For example, A / B can mean A or B. The "and / or" in the text is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, in the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more.

[0059] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A simulation calculation method for an inter-beam anti-collision device for high-intensity seismic isolation bridges, comprising an application of an inter-beam anti-collision device for high-intensity seismic isolation bridges, characterized in that... The inter-beam anti-collision device (1) is installed in the longitudinal beam joint of the beam end of the adjacent bridge in the high-intensity seismic isolation bridge. The inter-beam anti-collision device (1) includes a load-bearing layer (11) installed on one side of the beam end and a buffer layer (12) installed on the load-bearing layer (11). The load-bearing layer (11) is a polyurethane layer. The buffer layer (12) is a fiber-reinforced sodium alginate aerogel composite layer. The simulation calculation method includes the following steps: Mechanical model parameters are obtained based on the inter-beam anti-collision device; A dynamic calculation model for adjacent bridges in high-intensity seismic isolation zones is established as a benchmark model. A boundary nonlinear element composed of gap elements and spring-damped elements connected in series is constructed as a simulation model of the inter-beam collision avoidance device; the spring-damped element includes contact elements and damping elements arranged in parallel. The boundary nonlinear element is set at the beam joint position of the reference model to calculate the beam end collision force of the adjacent bridge. The mechanical model parameters obtained based on the inter-beam anti-collision device include: The restoring force model of the inter-beam anti-collision device is determined based on the parameters of the buffer layer and the load-bearing layer. Based on the trilinear model simulation, force-displacement hysteresis curves were plotted to obtain the mechanical model parameters; The step of setting the boundary nonlinear element at the beam joint location in the reference model and calculating the beam end collision force of the adjacent bridge includes: The two ends of the boundary nonlinear element are respectively connected to the beam end nodes of the adjacent bridge. Determine the parameters of the boundary nonlinear unit; Calculate the beam-end collision force of the adjacent connecting bridges; The calculation formula is: ； in, The force of impact at the beam ends of adjacent bridges, in units N ; The spring stiffness of the inter-beam anti-collision device, in units ; The contact area of ​​the inter-beam anti-collision device, in units ; For beam anti-collision device The unit is m ; The damping coefficient of the damping element, in units of... ; and For the displacement of the contact surface, in units m ; and For contact surface velocity, in units m / s ; The initial gap of the gap element, unit m .

2. The simulation calculation method for the inter-beam anti-collision device of high-intensity seismic isolation bridges as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the bearing layer (11) is 20-50 mm, and the thickness of the buffer layer (12) is 10-30 mm.

3. The simulation calculation method for the inter-beam anti-collision device of high-intensity seismic isolation bridges as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The area of ​​the load-bearing layer (11) and / or the buffer layer (12) is 1 / 4 to 3 / 4 of the cross-sectional area of ​​the beam end.

4. The simulation calculation method for the inter-beam anti-collision device of high-intensity seismic isolation bridges as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The beam anti-collision device (1) also includes a pre-embedded steel plate (13) located at the other end of the beam, the pre-embedded steel plate (13) being arranged opposite to the buffer layer (12).

5. The simulation calculation method for the inter-beam anti-collision device of high-intensity seismic isolation bridges as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The parameters for determining the boundary nonlinear element include: Determine the gap value of the gap unit, wherein the gap value is the difference between the beam joint width and the thickness of the inter-beam anti-collision device; The parameters of the spring damping unit are determined based on the parameters of the mechanical model.

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