Photovoltaic cell, laminated cell and photovoltaic module

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of photovoltaic cells, and provides a photovoltaic cell, a laminated cell and a photovoltaic module, and the photovoltaic cell comprises a cell sheet body which is provided with opposite first edges in a first direction; the fine grids are arranged on the surface of the battery piece body, the fine grids extend in the second direction, and the fine grids are sequentially arranged in the first direction; the first direction intersects with the second direction; the welding spots are arranged on the surface of the battery piece body, the welding spots comprise first welding spots and second welding spots, and the second welding spots are clamped between at least one pair of opposite first welding spots in the first direction; the harpoon part is located on the side, facing the first edge, of the first welding spot, and the harpoon part comprises two bifurcated lines which are electrically connected with each other; the harpoon part is connected with a plurality of fine grids adjacent to the first edge, a plurality of connecting lines are arranged in the harpoon part, and the connecting lines are connected with the two branch lines; wherein the width of the connecting line is greater than that of the fine grid. The reliability of the photovoltaic cell can be improved at least.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the photovoltaic field, and in particular to a photovoltaic cell, a tandem cell, and a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of new energy power generation technologies, the proportion of new energy power generation is constantly increasing. New energy sources have wide accessibility and do not cause environmental pollution. Photovoltaic power generation generates electricity by capturing the radiant energy of sunlight. Photovoltaic power generation is achieved through photovoltaic cells, which exhibit the photovoltaic effect, generating current under sunlight. This allows them to generate electricity.

[0003] Photovoltaic cells undergo a screen printing process during fabrication. In this process, electrode paste is printed onto a screen to form a grid structure. The grid structure is a crucial component of the photovoltaic cell, serving to collect and transport charge carriers. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a photovoltaic cell, a tandem cell, and a photovoltaic module, which at least helps to improve the reliability of the photovoltaic cell.

[0005] This application provides a photovoltaic cell, comprising: a cell body having opposing first edges in a first direction; a grid disposed on the surface of the cell body, the grid extending along a second direction, and a plurality of the grids arranged sequentially along the first direction; the first direction and the second direction intersect; solder joints disposed on the surface of the cell body, the solder joints including a first solder joint and a second solder joint, the second solder joint being sandwiched between at least a pair of opposing first solder joints in the first direction; a harpoon portion located on the side of the first solder joint facing the first edge, the harpoon portion including two electrically connected branch lines; the harpoon portion connecting a plurality of the grids adjacent to the first edge, and a plurality of connecting lines provided within the harpoon portion, the connecting lines connecting two of the branch lines; wherein the width of the connecting lines is greater than the width of the grids.

[0006] Optionally, the length of the connecting line increases sequentially in the order away from the first solder point.

[0007] Optionally, the width of the branching line is greater than the width of the fine grid, and the ratio between the width of the connecting line and the width of the fine grid is 1.1 to 2.

[0008] Optionally, the width of the connecting line is 25μm~30μm, the width of the fine grid is 15μm~30μm, and the width of the branching line is 20μm~50μm.

[0009] Optionally, it further includes: a first connector, the first connector being disposed on the side of the first weld point facing the first edge, at least a portion of the first connector being connected to the connecting line, the first connector including a first main body extending along a second direction and first overlapping portions disposed at both ends of the first main body, the connecting line being connected to the first overlapping portions.

[0010] Optionally, the ratio between the length of the first main body and the length of the connecting line to which it is connected is 0.7 to 0.9.

[0011] Optionally, the length of the connecting line is 450μm~1400μm, and the length of the first main body is 400μm~1000μm.

[0012] Optionally, the ratio between the width of the first main body and the width of the connecting line is 2.5 to 10, and the ratio between the length of the first overlapping part and the width of the connecting line is 1.5 to 2.

[0013] Optionally, the width of the first main body is 40μm to 200μm, and the length of the first overlapping part is 40μm to 200μm.

[0014] Optionally, at least one of the fine grids is disposed on the side of the harpoon portion away from the solder joint; the photovoltaic cell further includes: a second connector, the second connector being connected to the fine grid located on the harpoon portion away from the first solder joint, the second connector including a second main body portion extending along a second direction and second overlapping portions disposed at both ends of the second main body portion, the fine grid being connected to the second overlapping portions.

[0015] Optionally, the ratio between the length of the first main body portion and the length of the second main body portion is 0.8 to 1.2, and the length of the second main body portion is 350 μm to 1200 μm.

[0016] Optionally, in the first direction, the ratio between the length of the bifurcation line and the distance between the first solder point and the first edge is 0.7 to 0.9.

[0017] Optionally, the length of the bifurcation line in the first direction is 4000μm~7000μm, and the distance between the first solder point and the first edge is 4500μm~10000μm.

[0018] Optionally, in the first direction, the ratio between the length of the bifurcation line and the length of the battery cell body is 0.03 to 0.1.

[0019] Optionally, the thickness of the connecting line is greater than the thickness of the fine grid, and the thickness of the branching line is greater than the thickness of the fine grid.

[0020] Optionally, the connecting line crosses the branch line, and at least a portion of the connecting line extends to the side of the branch line opposite to the other branch line.

[0021] Optionally, the length of the connecting line extending to the other side of the fork line is 50μm to 500μm.

[0022] Optionally, this application also provides a tandem battery, comprising: a photovoltaic cell, wherein the photovoltaic cell is as described above; and a thin-film battery disposed on one side of the photovoltaic cell.

[0023] Optionally, this application also provides a photovoltaic module, comprising: a battery string, the battery string being composed of a plurality of photovoltaic cells or stacked cells connected together, the photovoltaic cells being photovoltaic cells as described above, and the stacked cells being stacked cells as described above; a solder ribbon, the solder ribbon connecting adjacent photovoltaic cells or stacked cells; an encapsulating film, the encapsulating film covering the surface of the photovoltaic cells; and a cover plate, the cover plate being located on the surface of the encapsulating film away from the photovoltaic cells.

[0024] The technical solution provided in this application has at least the following advantages: This application replaces the fine grid in the related technology by setting a harpoon part at the edge of the solar cell body and setting a connecting line thicker than the fine grid inside the harpoon part. This avoids the fine grid in this area from breaking due to welding heat stress or the extrusion force of the solder strip during the subsequent module welding process, thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic cell. Attached Figure Description

[0025] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with corresponding pictures in the accompanying drawings. These illustrations do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Unless otherwise stated, the pictures in the accompanying drawings do not constitute a limitation on scale. In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this application or conventional technology, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic cell provided in this application; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram at point A; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic cell provided in another embodiment of this application; Figure 4This application provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a harpoon portion in a photovoltaic cell, as another embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 This application provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a first connector in a photovoltaic cell, according to yet another embodiment of the present application. Figure 6 This application provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a harpoon portion in a photovoltaic cell, as another embodiment of the present application. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second connector in a photovoltaic cell, provided as another embodiment of this application.

[0027] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 100. Cell body; 1001. First edge; 200. Solder joint; 210. First solder joint; 220. Second solder joint; 300. Grid; 400. Harpoon part; 410. Branch line; 500. Connecting line; 600. Main grid; 710. First connector; 711. First main body; 712. First overlapping part; 720. Second connector; 721. Second main body; 722. Second overlapping part. Detailed Implementation

[0028] As known from the background technology, grid lines are used to collect and transport charge carriers, and the coverage area of ​​the grid line structure on the surface of a photovoltaic cell is positively correlated with the amount of charge carriers that the grid line structure can collect and transport. However, grid lines located at the edges of the photovoltaic cell surface are prone to welding breakage during subsequent module welding. Therefore, how to design the grid line structure to ensure its reliability and reduce welding breakage is an important issue.

[0029] This application provides a photovoltaic cell that replaces the fine grid in the related art by setting a harpoon portion on the edge of the cell body and setting a connecting line thicker than the fine grid inside the harpoon portion. This avoids the fine grid in the relevant area from breaking due to welding heat stress or the extrusion force of the solder strip during the subsequent module welding process, thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic cell.

[0030] In the description of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary or secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined. Similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more sets (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more pieces (including two pieces).

[0031] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0032] In the description of this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three possibilities: A exists, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0033] In the description of this application, the technical terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. For example, if the device or element in the illustration is inverted, then the element described as "below," "under," "below," or "bottom" of other elements or features will be oriented "above" or "top" of said other elements or features. Therefore, the term "below" may, depending on the context in which the term is used, encompass both above and below orientations, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Materials may be oriented in other ways (e.g., rotated 90 degrees, inverted, flipped), and the spatial relative descriptive terms used herein may be interpreted accordingly.

[0034] In the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the technical terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0035] In the accompanying drawings of this application, the thickness and area of ​​the layers are enlarged for better understanding and ease of description. Furthermore, when describing a component as "generally" formed on another component, it means that the component is not formed on the entire surface (or front surface) of the other component, nor on a portion of the edge of the entire surface.

[0036] In the description of this application, when a component "includes" another component, it does not exclude other components unless otherwise stated, and other components may be further included. The formation or placement of a second component above or on a first component, or on the surface of a first component, or on one side of a first component, may include embodiments where the first and second components are in direct contact, and may also include embodiments where an additional component may be placed between the first and second components, thereby preventing direct contact between the first and second components. For simplicity and clarity, various components may be drawn at different scales. In the drawings, some layers / components may be omitted for simplicity. Unless otherwise specified, the formation or placement of a second component on the surface of a first component means that the first and second components are in direct contact. The term "component" can refer to a layer, film, region, portion, structure, etc.

[0037] The terminology used in the description of the various embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various embodiments and the appended claims, the term "component" is also intended to include the plural form unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Components include layers, films, regions, or plates, etc.

[0038] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, those skilled in the art will understand that many technical details have been provided in the embodiments of this application to facilitate a better understanding of the application. However, the technical solutions claimed in this application can be implemented even without these technical details and various variations and modifications based on the following embodiments.

[0039] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic cell provided in this application is shown. Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 A magnified structural diagram of point A in the middle.

[0040] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 Photovoltaic cells include: The battery cell body 100 has opposing first edges 1001 in a first direction; Fine grids 300 are disposed on the surface of the battery cell body 100, the fine grids 300 extend along a second direction, and a plurality of fine grids 300 are arranged sequentially along a first direction; the first direction and the second direction intersect. Solder joint 200 is disposed on the surface of the battery cell body 100. Solder joint 200 includes a first solder joint 210 and a second solder joint 220. The second solder joint 220 is sandwiched between at least a pair of first solder joints 210 that are opposite each other in a first direction. The harpoon portion 400 is located on the side of the first weld point 210 facing the first edge 1001. The harpoon portion 400 includes two electrically connected branch lines 410. The harpoon portion 400 connects multiple fine grids 300 adjacent to the first edge 1001. Multiple connecting lines 500 are provided in the harpoon portion 400, and the connecting lines 500 connect the two branch lines 410. The width of the connecting line 500 is greater than the width of the fine grid 300.

[0041] This application provides a harpoon portion 400 at the edge of the cell body 100, and provides a connecting line 500 that is thicker than the fine grid 300 within the harpoon portion 400, to replace the fine grid 300 provided in the relevant technology in that area. This avoids the fine grid 300 in that area from breaking due to welding thermal stress or the extrusion force of the solder strip during the subsequent module welding process, thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic cell.

[0042] It should be noted that the electrical connection between the two branch lines 410 actually means that the material of the branch lines 410 is a conductive material, and the two branch lines 410 are directly connected or connected through other conductive materials. Therefore, when the photovoltaic cell is generating electricity, there is an electrical connection between the two branch lines 410.

[0043] The present application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0044] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the photovoltaic cell includes: a cell body 100, solder joints 200, fine grids 300, main grids 600, and a fork portion 400. The cell body 100 has intersecting first direction X, second direction Y, and third direction, wherein the third direction is the thickness direction of the cell body 100.

[0045] In some embodiments, photovoltaic cells include PERC cells (Passivated Emitter and rear cell), HJT cells (Heterojunction solar cell), TOPCon cells (Tunneling oxide passivation contact cell), or BC cells (BackContact cell).

[0046] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic cell type can be a monocrystalline silicon solar cell, a polycrystalline silicon solar cell, an amorphous silicon solar cell, or a multi-component compound solar cell. Specifically, the multi-component compound solar cell can be a cadmium sulfide solar cell, a gallium arsenide solar cell, a copper indium selenide solar cell, or a perovskite solar cell.

[0047] The solar cell body 100 has a sheet-like structure and exhibits photoelectric effect. Solder joints 200, fine grids 300, main grids 600, and fork-shaped portions 400 are all disposed on the surface of the solar cell body 100. In the first direction X, the solar cell body has opposing first edges 1001 on both sides.

[0048] It should be noted that the solar cell body 100 has a first surface and a second surface facing each other in a third direction. The solder joint 200, fine grid 300, main grid 600, and harpoon portion 400 can be provided on either the first surface or the second surface, or they can be provided on both the first surface and the second surface. For example, when the photovoltaic cell type is a TOPCon cell, both the first surface and the second surface of the solar cell body 100 are provided with the solder joint 200, fine grid 300, main grid 600, and harpoon portion 400; when the photovoltaic cell type is a BC cell, the solder joint 200, fine grid 300, main grid 600, and harpoon portion 400 are provided on either the first surface or the second surface of the solar cell body 100, which is not specifically limited here.

[0049] It should also be noted that the photovoltaic cell can be a single-sided cell, where the first surface of the cell body 100 can be considered the front side of the photovoltaic cell, serving as the light-receiving surface for receiving incident light, and the second surface as the back-lighting surface. Alternatively, the final photovoltaic cell can be a bi-sided cell, in which case both sides of the cell body 100 can serve as light-receiving surfaces and can be used to receive incident light. It is understood that the back-lighting surface described in this application can also receive incident light, but its reception level is weaker than that of the light-receiving surface, and therefore it is defined as the back-lighting surface.

[0050] In some embodiments, the battery cell body 100 may be divided into N pieces from a whole battery cell, that is, the battery cell body 100 is N pieces, where N is a positive integer greater than 1; in other embodiments, the battery cell body 100 may also be composed of a whole battery cell, that is, the battery cell body 100 is a whole piece.

[0051] In some embodiments, the cell body 100 is divided into two pieces from a whole cell, that is, the cell body 100 is divided into two pieces (half pieces).

[0052] In some embodiments, when the cell body 100 is divided into 1 / N whole cell pieces, the solder joints 200, fine grids 300, main grids 600, and fork portions 400 are first formed on the surface of the whole cell using a screen printing process, and then the whole cell is divided into N segments of the cell body 100 in this application to construct the photovoltaic cell in this application. In other embodiments, the cell body 100 is a whole cell, that is, the solder joints 200, fine grids 300, main grids 600, and fork portions 400 are formed on the surface of the cell body 100 using a screen printing process to directly construct the photovoltaic cell in this application.

[0053] A main grid 600 is disposed on the surface of the cell body 100, the main grid 600 extends along a first direction X, and a plurality of main grids 600 are arranged at intervals along a second direction Y. The main grid 600 is used to transport charge carriers.

[0054] A fine grid 300 is disposed on the surface of the solar cell body 100, extending along a second direction Y, and several fine grids 300 are sequentially spaced along a first direction X. The fine grids 300 are in contact with the main grid 600, and the contacted main grid 600 and fine grids 300 have the same polarity, which can be either positive or negative. The fine grids 300 are used to collect and transport charge carriers generated within the solar cell body 100.

[0055] Solder joints 200 are disposed on the surface of the cell body 100 and are in contact with the main grid 600. Solder joints 200 in contact with the same main grid 600 are arranged sequentially at intervals along the first direction X. Solder joints 200 are located at the contact connection between the main grid 600 and the fine grid 300. Solder joints 200 are used to transfer charge carriers transported by the main grid 600 to the solder strip in the photovoltaic module.

[0056] Solder joints 200 include first solder joints 210 and second solder joints 220. The first solder joint 210 is either the starting solder joint 200 or the ending solder joint 200 among the solder joints 200 that are in contact with the same main grid 600, and the remaining solder joints 200 are the second solder joints 220. In other words, the first solder joints 210 are arranged opposite each other in the first direction X, and the second solder joints 220 are arranged between the first solder joints 210 that are arranged opposite each other in the first direction X. In other words, among the solder joints 200 that are in contact with the same main grid 600 and are arranged at intervals along the first direction X, the first solder joint 200 and the last solder joint 200 are the first solder joints 210, and the remaining solder joints 200 are the second solder joints 220. In yet another way, among the solder joints 200 that are in contact with the same main grid 600 and are arranged at intervals along the first direction X, the first solder joints 210 are the two solder joints 200 closest to the first edges 1001 on both sides of the cell body 100, and the remaining solder joints 200 are the second solder joints 220.

[0057] In some embodiments, the size of the first solder joint 210 is larger than the size of the second solder joint 220. In practical applications, when subsequent solder strips are welded to the first solder joint 210 and the second solder joint 220, the force exerted by the solder strips on the first solder joint 210 is greater than that on the second solder joint 220. Furthermore, the area adjacent to the first edge 1001 is more susceptible to external forces, making the first solder joint 210 more vulnerable to external forces than the second solder joint 220. Therefore, designing the first solder joint 210 to be larger not only improves the alignment accuracy and connection strength between the subsequent solder strips and the first solder strip, but also avoids excessive pressure from the solder strips on the first solder joint 210 (which serves as the starting or ending point of the solder joint), thus preventing problems such as incomplete soldering or detachment. This helps improve the carrier transport efficiency of the first solder joint 210 and enhances the connection stability between the subsequent solder strips and the first solder joint 210, thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic cell.

[0058] It should be noted that the size of the first solder joint 210 can be at least one of the following: the diameter of the first solder joint 210, the length of the first solder joint 210, the width of the first solder joint 210, or the diagonal length of the first solder joint 210. Similarly, the size of the second solder joint 220 can be at least one of the following: the diameter of the second solder joint 220, the length of the second solder joint 220, the width of the second solder joint 220, or the diagonal length of the second solder joint 220, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0059] In some examples, the projected area of ​​the first solder joint 210 on the cell body 100 is greater than the projected area of ​​the second solder joint 220 on the cell body 100.

[0060] Reference Figure 2As shown, the harpoon portion 400 is disposed on the side of the first solder joint 210 near the first edge 1001. The harpoon portion 400 includes symmetrically arranged branch lines 410 extending toward the first edge 1001. The branch lines 410 are in contact with the fine grid 300 on the side of the first solder joint 210 near the first edge 1001 to transport the charge carriers collected by that portion of the fine grid 300. Compared to related technologies where a single main grid 600 connects to a fine grid 300 located near the edge of the cell body 100, the symmetrically arranged, branched harpoon-shaped portions 400 reduce the internal resistance of carrier transmission from the fine grid 300 to the solder joint 200, improving carrier transport efficiency. Furthermore, the harpoon-shaped portions 400 are positioned corresponding to the solder strip, providing better mechanical strength than a single main grid 600 when in contact with it. This reduces the risk of the harpoon-shaped portions melting and breaking due to thermal stress from the solder strip connection, or breaking due to pressure from the solder strip and internal stress at the cell edge. Additionally, the harpoon-shaped portions reduce the overall length of the connected main grid 600, preventing excessively long main grids from breaking due to internal stress. In summary, the harpoon-shaped portions 400 improve the internal resistance of the photovoltaic cell, increase its photoelectric conversion efficiency, and enhance its reliability.

[0061] In some embodiments, the bifurcation line 410 may be an arc that curves toward the center of the harpoon portion 400, or it may be a straight line extending in a straight line direction, or it may be other linear structures composed of multiple straight lines or arcs, without specific limitations.

[0062] In some embodiments, the width of the branch line 410 is 20μm to 50μm. Optionally, the width of the branch line 410 is 25μm to 45μm, and the width of the branch line 410 can be 25μm, 30μm, 35μm, 40μm, or 45μm. Setting the width of the branch line 410 to 20μm to 50μm ensures the structural strength of the branch line 410, avoids the branch line 410 from melting and breaking due to thermal stress during the welding process between the solder joint 200 and the solder strip, or avoids the branch line 410 from breaking due to the solder strip abutting and squeezing, thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic cell.

[0063] In some embodiments, the thickness of the branch line 410 is greater than the thickness of the fine grid 300. The thickness of the branch line 410 is 1 μm to 5 μm. Optionally, the thickness of the branch line 410 is 1.5 μm to 4.5 μm, and the thickness of the branch line 410 can be 1.5 μm, 2 μm, 3 μm, 4 μm, or 4.5 μm. Setting the thickness of the branch line 410 to 1 μm to 5 μm improves the structural strength of the branch line 410, avoids grid breakage due to thermal stress melting caused by the welding connection between the solder joint 200 and the solder strip, or grid breakage due to the extrusion of the solder strip, and improves the reliability of the photovoltaic cell.

[0064] In some embodiments, the width of the branch line 410 near the first solder joint 210 is greater than the width of the branch line 410 away from the first solder joint 210. That is, the branch line 410 has a gradually increasing width structure, and the width of the branch line 410 gradually increases in the direction toward the first solder joint 210. The branch line 410 with its gradually increasing width structure guides the transport of charge carriers, guiding them from the narrower end of the branch line 410 to the wider end, reducing the transmission resistance of the branch line 410, and thus improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell.

[0065] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the end of the branch line 410 near the first solder point 210 is in contact with the first solder point 210, while the opposing branch lines 410 are not directly in contact with each other. In other embodiments, the ends of the opposing branch lines 410 near the first solder point 210 are in contact with each other and with the first solder point 210. In still other embodiments, the main grid 600 extends through the first solder point 210 to the side of the first solder point 210 near the first edge 1001, and the ends of the opposing branch lines 410 near the first solder point 210 are in contact with and connected to the main grid 600, thus constructing a three-pronged grid line structure. That is, the harpoon portion 400 can be directly connected to the first solder point 210 or the main grid 600, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0066] Continue to refer to Figure 2 As shown, the photovoltaic cell also includes connecting lines 500 disposed between opposing branch lines 410. The connecting lines 500 connect to the branch lines 410 on both sides at their respective ends along the second direction Y, thereby electrically connecting the branch lines 410 on both sides. Multiple connecting lines 500 are sequentially spaced between opposing branch lines 410 along the first direction X. The arrangement of the connecting lines 500 further reduces the transmission resistance of the harpoon section 400 for transporting charge carriers, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell.

[0067] In some embodiments, the connecting lines 500 are correspondingly arranged with the fine grids 300 connected to the branch lines 410, that is, the number of connecting lines 500 is the same as the number of fine grids 300 connected to the branch lines 410, and the connecting lines 500 and fine grids 300 are in one-to-one correspondence, with each connecting line 500 and its corresponding fine grid 300 being collinear. This corresponding arrangement of connecting lines 500 and fine grids 300 allows the carriers collected by the fine grids 300 to be directly transported through the connecting lines 500, reducing the transmission resistance between the connecting lines 500 and the fine grids 300, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cells.

[0068] In some embodiments, the length of the connecting line 500 in the second direction Y gradually increases in the direction away from the first solder point 210. The longer the connecting line 500 is, the closer it is to the first edge 1001, so that the connecting line 500 has better structural strength and avoids the connection line 500 from grid breakage caused by the warping of the edge of the battery cell body 100.

[0069] In some embodiments, the connecting line 500 and the branch line 410 are connected in a cross contact, meaning that at least a portion of the connecting line 500 extends to the other side of the branch line 410. The connecting line 500 extending to the other side of the branch line 410 is connected in contact with the fine grid 300. The connecting line 500 extending to the other side of the branch line 410 can, on the one hand, prevent the fine grid 300 from being misaligned in the second direction Y during the printing process, thus avoiding a lack of overlap between the fine grid 300 and the branch line 410, improving the yield and reliability of photovoltaic cell production; on the other hand, the connecting line 500 extending to the other side of the branch line 410 extends into the area covered by the solder ribbon, allowing the fine grid 300 to connect with the connecting line 500 in the non-solder ribbon covered area. This avoids the fine grid 300 overlapping with the branch line 410 in the solder ribbon covered area and being subjected to solder ribbon pressure, thus reducing the risk of grid breakage and improving the reliability of the photovoltaic cell.

[0070] In some embodiments, the length of the portion of the connecting line 500 extending to the other side of the branch line 410 is 50 μm to 500 μm. Optionally, the length of the portion of the connecting line 500 extending to the other side of the branch line 410 is 100 μm to 450 μm, and the length of the portion of the connecting line 500 extending to the other side of the branch line 410 can be 100 μm, 150 μm, 200 μm, 250 μm, 300 μm, 350 μm, 400 μm, or 450 μm.

[0071] In some embodiments, the connecting line 500 and the branch line 410 are an integral structure, meaning that the connecting line 500 and the branch line 410 are formed simultaneously during the printing process. This integral structure avoids the overlap structure (i.e., the connecting line 500 and the branch line 410 are stacked at their connection point) that occurs when grid lines with different extension directions are formed in stages during printing, as is common in related technologies. The thickness of the overlap structure is typically higher than that of other grid lines (such as the branch line 410 or the connecting line 500), making it more susceptible to grid breakage due to solder ribbon contact and compression. This reduces the risk of grid breakage at the connection point of the connecting line 500 and the branch line 410, thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic cell.

[0072] In some embodiments, in the first direction X, the ratio between the width of the connecting line 500 and the width of the fine gate 300 is 1.1 to 2. Optionally, the ratio between the width of the connecting line 500 and the width of the fine gate 300 is 1.2 to 1.8, and the ratio between the width of the connecting line 500 and the width of the fine gate 300 can be 1.2, 1.4, 1.6 or 1.8. The ratio between the width of the connecting line 500 and the width of the fine grid 300 is set to 1.1~2, that is, the width of the connecting line 500 is greater than the width of the fine grid 300. On the one hand, this improves the structural strength of the connecting line 500 and prevents the grid from melting and breaking due to thermal stress generated when the connecting line 500 is welded to the solder strip at the solder joint 200, or from breaking due to pressure from the solder strip, thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic cell. On the other hand, the thicker connecting line 500 has a lower transmission resistance, which allows it to transmit more charge carriers between the relative branch lines 410, balancing the carrier transmission efficiency between the relative branch lines 410 or between adjacent harpoon sections 400, thereby reducing the overall internal resistance of the photovoltaic cell and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell.

[0073] In some embodiments, the width of the connecting line 500 in the first direction X is 25 μm to 30 μm. Optionally, the width of the connecting line 500 is 26 μm to 29 μm, and the width of the connecting line 500 can be 26 μm, 27 μm, 28 μm or 29 μm.

[0074] In some embodiments, the width of the fine gate 300 in the first direction X is 15 μm to 30 μm. Optionally, the width of the fine gate 300 is 18 μm to 28 μm. The width of the fine gate 300 can be 18 μm, 20 μm, 22 μm, 25 μm or 28 μm.

[0075] In some embodiments, the length of the connecting line 500 in the second direction Y is 450μm to 1400μm. Optionally, the length of the connecting line 500 is 500μm to 1300μm, and the length of the connecting line 500 can be 500μm, 700μm, 900μm, 1000μm, 1200μm, or 1300μm. Setting the length of the connecting line 500 to 450μm to 1400μm corresponds to the width of the harpoon portion 400, avoiding an excessively wide harpoon portion 400 which would cause too many branch lines 410 to extend into the non-solder strip covered area, increasing the light-shielding area of ​​the surface of the cell body 100, avoiding a reduction in the amount of incident light on the surface of the cell body 100, and thus avoiding a decrease in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell.

[0076] In some embodiments, the thickness of the connecting line 500 is greater than the thickness of the fine gate 300, and the thickness of the connecting line 500 is the same as the thickness of the branch line 410.

[0077] In some embodiments, the ratio between the length of the bifurcation line 410 and the length of the cell body 100 in the first direction X is 0.03 to 0.1. Optionally, the ratio between the length of the bifurcation line 410 and the length of the cell body 100 in the first direction X is 0.04 to 0.09, and the ratio can be 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, or 0.09. Setting the ratio between the length of the bifurcation line 410 and the length of the cell body 100 to 0.03 to 0.1 allows the first solder joint 210 to be moved inward from the edge of the cell body 100 towards the center, preventing welding stress between the first solder joint 210 and the solder strip from causing warping or microcracks at the edge of the cell body 100, thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic cell.

[0078] In some embodiments, the length of the bifurcation line 410 in the first direction X is 4000 μm to 7000 μm. Optionally, the length of the bifurcation line 410 in the first direction X is 4500 μm to 6500 μm, and the length of the bifurcation line 410 can be 4500 μm, 5000 μm, 5500 μm, 6000 μm or 6500 μm.

[0079] In some embodiments, the distance between the first solder joint 210 and the first edge 1001 in the first direction X is 4500μm to 10000μm. Optionally, the distance between the first solder joint 210 and the first edge 1001 is 5000μm to 9000μm, and the distance between the first solder joint 210 and the first edge 1001 can be 5000μm, 6000μm, 7000μm, 8000μm, or 9000μm. Setting the distance between the first solder joint 210 and the first edge 1001 to 4500μm to 10000μm allows the position of the first solder joint 210 to be far away from the first edge 1001, avoiding the welding stress between the first solder joint 210 and the solder strip that could cause warping or microcracks at the edge of the cell body 100, thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic cell.

[0080] Reference Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic cell according to another embodiment of this application. The photovoltaic cell is a 600 (0BB, 0) grid-less structure. For photovoltaic cells, welding strips can be used to replace the original main grid 600. That is, the main grid 600 is not installed on the surface of the cell body 100, and the welding strip can be directly connected to the fine grid 300. Since the main grid 600 is no longer required, the consumption of metal paste is reduced, thereby reducing the production cost of photovoltaic modules.

[0081] Reference Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of the harpoon portion 400 in a photovoltaic cell according to another embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, the photovoltaic cell further includes a first connector 710, with the connecting line 500 broken at its middle position. The first connector 710 is located at the broken position of the connector and connects to the connecting lines 500 on both sides. The first connector 710 has an overall I-shaped structure, which has better structural strength. The first connector 710 is positioned corresponding to the area covered by the solder ribbon and replaces the connecting line 500. On the one hand, this avoids the connecting line 500 from melting and breaking due to thermal stress generated by the welding connection between the solder joint 200 and the solder ribbon, or from breaking due to pressure from the solder ribbon, thus improving the reliability of the photovoltaic cell. On the other hand, the first connector 710 abuts against the solder ribbon to achieve electrical connection between the two, allowing the charge carriers transmitted by the harpoon portion 400 to be directly transmitted to the solder ribbon through the first connector 710, thereby reducing the overall internal resistance of the photovoltaic cell and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell.

[0082] Combination Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5This illustration shows a structural schematic diagram of a first connector 710 in a photovoltaic cell according to another embodiment of this application. The first connector 710 includes a first main body portion 711 and a first overlapping portion 712. The first main body portion 711 extends along a first direction X, and the first overlapping portion 712 is disposed at both ends of the first main body portion 711 in a second direction Y. The connector is in contact with the first overlapping portion 712. The dimension of the first overlapping portion 712 in the first direction X is larger than the dimension of the first main body portion 711 in the first direction X (i.e., the width of the first main body portion 711). The first overlapping portion 712 is provided to avoid misalignment of the first connector 710 or the connecting line 500 in the first direction X due to printing errors, thus improving the production yield of the photovoltaic cell of this application.

[0083] In some embodiments, the orthographic shape of the first overlapping portion 712 includes a strip-shaped, circular, triangular, or quadrilateral shape extending along the first direction X. For example, the orthographic shape of the first overlapping portion 712 is a strip-shaped shape extending along the first direction X.

[0084] In some embodiments, in the first direction X, the ratio between the length of the first overlap 712 and the width of the connecting line 500 is 1.5 to 2. Setting the ratio between the length of the first overlap 712 and the width of the connecting line 500 to 1.5 to 2 avoids printing misalignment of the connecting line 500, which could cause a grid break between the connecting line 500 and the first connector 710, thereby improving the production yield and reliability of photovoltaic cells.

[0085] In some embodiments, the length of the first overlap portion 712 in the first direction X is 40 μm to 200 μm.

[0086] In some embodiments, in the second direction Y, the ratio between the length of the first main body portion 711 and the total length of the connecting lines 500 in contact with it (i.e., the distance between the two ends of the left and right connecting lines 500 in contact with the first main body portion 711 that are far apart from each other) is 0.7 to 0.9. Optionally, the ratio between the length of the first main body portion 711 and the total length of the connecting lines 500 in contact with it is 0.75 to 0.85, and the ratio can be 0.75, 0.77, 0.8, or 0.85. Setting the ratio between the length of the first main body portion 711 and the total length of the connecting lines 500 in contact with it to 0.7 to 0.9 achieves a balance between the structural strength of the first connector 710 and the amount of slurry used, avoiding excessive slurry usage and increased production costs due to an excessively long length of the first main body portion 711, or low structural strength and grid breakage due to an excessively short length of the first main body portion 711.

[0087] In some embodiments, the length of the first main body portion 711 is 400 μm to 1000 μm. Optionally, the length of the first main body portion 711 is 500 μm to 900 μm, and the length of the first main body portion 711 can be 500 μm, 600 μm, 700 μm, 800 μm, or 900 μm. Setting the length of the first main body portion 711 to 400 μm to 1000 μm increases the contact area between the first connector 710 and the solder ribbon, reduces the transmission resistance between them, improves the carrier transport efficiency, and thus improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell.

[0088] In some embodiments, the thickness of the first main body portion 711 is 2μm to 10μm. Optionally, the thickness of the first main body portion 711 is 3μm to 9μm, and the thickness of the first main body portion 711 can be 3μm, 4μm, 5μm, 6μm, 7μm, 8μm, or 9μm. Setting the thickness of the first main body portion 711 to 2μm to 10μm improves the structural strength of the first connector 710, preventing the first connector 710 from melting and breaking due to thermal stress generated by the connection between the solder joint 200 and the solder strip solder joint 200, or from breaking due to the pressure of the solder strip, thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic cell.

[0089] Reference Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a harpoon portion 400 in a photovoltaic cell according to another embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, the photovoltaic cell further includes a second connector 720. At least a portion of the fine grid 300 is disposed between the harpoon portion 400 and the first edge 1001, i.e., the harpoon portion 400 is not in contact with this portion of the fine grid 300, and the fine grid 300 is disconnected at a position corresponding to the harpoon portion 400. The second connector 720 is disposed at the position where the fine grid 300 is disconnected and is in contact with the fine grids 300 at both ends. The first connector 710 and the second connector 720 are collinearly disposed in the first direction X, i.e., the second connector 720 is also disposed in the corresponding area of ​​the solder ribbon. In the subsequently assembled photovoltaic module, the second connector 720 abuts against the solder ribbon, making the second connector 720 electrically connected to the solder ribbon. The charge carriers collected by the fine grid 300 in contact with the second connector 720 are all transported to the solder ribbon through the second connector 720.

[0090] In related technologies, to improve the coverage of grid lines on the surface of photovoltaic cells and thus increase the amount and efficiency of carrier collection, the fine grid 300 is designed as close as possible to the edge of the cell. However, in this application, the harpoon portion 400 extends to the position of the fine grid 300 closest to the first edge 1001 in order to collect multiple fine grids 300 closest to the first edge 1001. During the printing of the harpoon portion 400, an offset in the first direction X may occur, causing the branch line 410 of the harpoon portion 400 to be printed to the position of the first edge 1001. This results in the paste powder being printed and applied to the side wall cut surface of the cell body 100, causing an electrical connection between the harpoon portion 400 and the heterogeneous layer structure (such as heterogeneous doped layer) in the cell body 100, generating leakage current, which in turn leads to a reduction in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell.

[0091] In this application, a portion of the fine grid 300 is disposed between the harpoon portion 400 and the first edge 1001. A second connector 720 is provided on this portion of the fine grid 300. The charge carriers collected by this portion of the grid lines are transferred to the solder ribbon through the second connector 720. On the one hand, this improves the coverage of the grid lines on the photovoltaic cell surface and enhances the collection efficiency of charge carriers; on the other hand, it avoids contact between the harpoon portion 400 and the fine grid 300 closest to the first edge 1001. Printing misalignment can cause the harpoon portion 400 to contact with the irregular hierarchical structure in the sidewall cut surface of the cell body 100, leading to leakage current and reduced photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell. The second connector 720 in this application improves the reliability of the photovoltaic cell. Furthermore... Some of the branch lines 410 extend beyond the coverage area of ​​the solder ribbon, and these branch lines 410 that extend beyond the solder ribbon coverage area block incident light from reaching the cell body 100. The harpoon portion 400 does not contact at least one fine grid 300 closest to the first edge 1001, reducing the light-shielding area of ​​the harpoon portion 400 on the surface of the cell body 100, increasing the amount of incident light on the surface of the cell body 100, and thus improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell. On the other hand, the second connector 720 is provided so that the fine grid 300 is disconnected at the position of the second connector 720, avoiding grid breakage caused by internal stress or warping of the edge of the cell body 100 due to excessively long fine grids 300, thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic cell.

[0092] Combination Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7This illustration shows a structural schematic of a second connector 720 in a photovoltaic cell according to another embodiment of this application. The second connector 720 includes a second main body portion 721 and a second overlapping portion 722. The second main body portion 721 extends along a second direction Y, and the second overlapping portion 722 is disposed at both ends of the second main body portion 721 with respect to the second direction Y. The provision of the second overlapping portion 722 avoids the second connector 720 or the fine grid 300 from shifting in the first direction X due to printing errors, resulting in a lack of overlap between the two, thereby improving the production yield of the photovoltaic cell of this application.

[0093] In some embodiments, the orthographic shape of the second overlapping portion 722 includes a strip-shaped, circular, triangular, or quadrilateral shape extending along the first direction X. For example, the orthographic shape of the second overlapping portion 722 is a strip-shaped shape extending along the first direction X.

[0094] In some embodiments, the ratio between the length of the first main body portion 711 and the length of the second main body portion 721 in the second direction Y is 0.8 to 1.2. Optionally, the ratio between the length of the first main body portion 711 and the length of the second main body portion 721 is 0.85 to 1.15, and the ratio can be 0.85, 0.9, 1, 1.1, or 1.15. The length of the second main body portion 721 is greater than the length of the first main body portion 711. On the one hand, this increases the contact area between the second connector 720 and the solder ribbon, increases the supporting force of the second connector 720 on the solder ribbon, facilitates the welding connection between the solder ribbon and the back contact photovoltaic cell, thereby improving the structural stability after the back contact photovoltaic cell and the solder ribbon are connected, and thus improving the reliability of the back contact photovoltaic cell. On the other hand, the second connector 720 and the solder ribbon abut against each other to make them electrically connected. The charge carriers collected by the fine grid 300 connected to the second connector 720 are transferred to the solder ribbon through the second connector 720 in the second direction Y. The longer second main body 721 provides a larger contact area between the second connector 720 and the solder strip, thereby reducing the transmission resistance between them and improving the carrier transmission efficiency between the second connector 720 and the solder strip, thus improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell. On the other hand, the second connector 720 is configured such that the fine grid 300 connected to it is disconnected at the position of the second connector 720, avoiding the fine grid 300 from breaking due to internal stress and warping of the edge of the cell body 100 caused by excessive length of the fine grid 300, further improving the reliability of the photovoltaic cell.

[0095] In some embodiments, the length of the second body portion 721 is 350 μm to 1200 μm. Optionally, the length of the second body portion 721 is 400 μm to 1100 μm, and the length of the second body portion 721 can be 400 μm, 600 μm, 800 μm, 1000 μm or 1100 μm.

[0096] Accordingly, this application also provides a stacked battery, which includes a photovoltaic cell and a thin-film battery stacked on one side of the photovoltaic cell. The photovoltaic cell serves as the bottom cell in the stacked battery, and the thin-film battery serves as the top cell. The photovoltaic cell is the same as the one provided in the above embodiment. The stacked battery provided in the second embodiment of this application will be described in detail below. For parts that are the same as or corresponding to the previous embodiment, please refer to the corresponding descriptions of the foregoing embodiments; detailed descriptions will not be repeated below.

[0097] In some embodiments, the thin-film battery includes at least one of a perovskite thin-film battery, a gallium arsenide thin-film battery, a cadmium telluride thin-film battery, and a copper indium gallium selenide thin-film battery.

[0098] Accordingly, this application also provides a photovoltaic module, which includes a cell string, an encapsulating film, and a cover plate. The cell string is formed by connecting a plurality of photovoltaic cells or tandem cells, wherein the photovoltaic cells are as described in the above embodiments or are obtained by the same method as described in the above embodiments, and the tandem cells are as described in the above embodiments; the encapsulating film covers the surface of the photovoltaic cells; the cover plate is located on the surface of the encapsulating film away from the photovoltaic cells. For parts that are the same as or corresponding to the previous embodiment, please refer to the corresponding descriptions of the foregoing embodiments, which will not be elaborated upon below.

[0099] The encapsulating film can be made of ethylene. Organic encapsulation films such as vinyl acetate copolymer films, polyvinyl octene co-elastomer films, or polyvinyl butyral films.

[0100] The cover plate can be a glass cover plate, a plastic cover plate, or other light-transmitting cover plate. Optionally, the surface of the cover plate facing the adhesive film can be an uneven surface, thereby increasing the utilization rate of incident light.

[0101] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above embodiments are specific examples of implementing this application, and in practical applications, various changes in form and detail can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Any person skilled in the art can make various alterations and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of this application; therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic cell, characterized by, The battery piece body has opposite first edges in a first direction; A fine grid is arranged on the surface of the battery piece body, the fine grid extends along a second direction, and a plurality of fine grids are arranged in sequence along the first direction; the first direction and the second direction intersect; A welding point is arranged on the surface of the battery piece body, the welding point includes a first welding point and a second welding point, and the second welding point is arranged between at least one pair of first welding points opposite in the first direction; A fishhook part is located on one side of the first welding point facing the first edge, and the fishhook part includes two bifurcated lines electrically connected to each other; the fishhook part connects a plurality of fine grids adjacent to the first edge, and a plurality of connection lines are arranged in the fishhook part, and the connection lines connect the two bifurcated lines; The width of the connection line is greater than the width of the fine grid. The length of the connection line increases in sequence away from the first welding point.

2. The photovoltaic cell of claim 1, wherein, The width of the bifurcated line is greater than the width of the fine grid, and the ratio between the width of the connection line and the width of the fine grid is 1.1-2.

3. The photovoltaic cell of claim 1, wherein, The width of the connection line is 25-30 microns, the width of the fine grid is 15-30 microns, and the width of the bifurcated line is 20-50 microns.

4. Photovoltaic cell according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that Further comprising:

5. The photovoltaic cell of claim 1, wherein, A first connecting piece is arranged on one side of the first welding point facing the first edge, at least part of the first connecting piece is connected to the connection line, the first connecting piece includes a first main part extending along the second direction and first lap parts arranged at both ends of the first main part, and the connection line is connected to the first lap part. The ratio between the length of the first main part and the length of the connection line connected thereto is 0.7-0.

9.

6. The photovoltaic cell of claim 5, wherein, The length of the connection line is 450-1400 microns, and the length of the first main part is 400-1000 microns.

7. The photovoltaic cell of claim 6, wherein, 8. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 5, wherein The ratio between the width of the first main part and the width of the connection line is 2.5-10, and the ratio between the length of the first lap part and the width of the connection line is 1.5-2. The width of the first main part is 40-200 microns, and the length of the first lap part is 40-200 microns.

9. The photovoltaic cell of claim 8, wherein, At least one fine grid is arranged on one side of the fishhook part away from the welding point; 10. The photovoltaic cell of claim 5, wherein, The photovoltaic cell further comprises: A second connecting piece is connected to the fine grid on one side of the fishhook part away from the first welding point, and the second connecting piece includes a second main part extending along the second direction and second lap parts arranged at both ends of the second main part, and the fine grid is connected to the second lap part. The ratio between the length of the first main part and the length of the second main part is 0.8-1.2, and the length of the second main part is 350-1200 microns.

11. The photovoltaic cell of claim 10, wherein, In the first direction, the ratio between the length of the bifurcated line and the distance between the first welding point and the first edge is 0.7-0.

9.

12. The photovoltaic cell of claim 1, wherein, ​ 13. The photovoltaic cell of claim 11, wherein, The length of the bifurcated line in the first direction is 4000-7000 μm, and the distance between the first solder joint and the first edge is 4500-10000 μm.

14. The photovoltaic cell of claim 1, wherein, In the first direction, the ratio between the length of the bifurcated line and the length of the cell body is 0.03-0.

1.

15. The photovoltaic cell of claim 1, wherein, The thickness of the connecting line is greater than that of the fine grid, and the thickness of the bifurcated line is greater than that of the fine grid.

16. The photovoltaic cell of claim 1, wherein, The connecting line and the bifurcated line intersect and connect, and at least part of the connecting line extends to the side of the bifurcated line away from the other bifurcated line.

17. The photovoltaic cell of claim 16, wherein, The length of part of the connecting line extending to the other side of the bifurcated line is 50-500 μm.

18. A stacked battery, characterized by Comprise: A photovoltaic cell, the photovoltaic cell being as claimed in any one of claims 1-17; A thin-film cell disposed on one side of the photovoltaic cell.

19. A photovoltaic module, characterized by Comprise: A cell string composed of a plurality of photovoltaic cells or stacked cells connected in series, the photovoltaic cell being as claimed in any one of claims 1-17, and the stacked cell being as claimed in claim 18; A solder strip connecting adjacent photovoltaic cells or stacked cells; An encapsulation adhesive film covering the surface of the photovoltaic cell; A cover plate located on the surface of the encapsulation adhesive film away from the photovoltaic cell.

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