Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A base station according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is characterized by comprising: a reception unit that receives, via an object, an uplink (UL) sensing resource transmitted from a terminal; and a control unit that controls the measurement of the UL sensing resource. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, it is possible to appropriately measure / report a sensing resource.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to terminals, wireless communication methods, and base stations in next-generation mobile communication systems. Background Technology

[0002] In Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was standardized with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Furthermore, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was standardized with the aim of further increasing capacity and improving the height of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] The development of successor systems to LTE is also underway (e.g., also known as the 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), the 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel.15 and later, etc.).

[0004] Existing technical documents

[0005] Non-patent literature

[0006] Non-patent document 1: 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010 Summary of the Invention

[0007] The problem that the invention aims to solve

[0008] In future wireless communication systems, various sensing methods are being researched. For example, consider a terminal (user terminal, user equipment (UE)) / base station (e.g., gNB) sending sensing resources to the base station / UE via an object.

[0009] However, details regarding how to measure / report on sensing resources are not yet clear. If these are not adequately studied, there are concerns that this could lead to reduced sensing accuracy / communication quality.

[0010] Therefore, one of the purposes of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, wireless communication method, and base station capable of appropriately measuring / reporting sensed resources.

[0011] Methods for solving problems

[0012] The base station according to one aspect of this disclosure is characterized by having: a receiving unit for receiving uplink (UL) sensing resources transmitted from a terminal via an object; and a control unit for controlling the measurement of the UL sensing resources.

[0013] The effects of the invention

[0014] According to one method disclosed herein, it is possible to appropriately measure / report perceived resources. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1A This is a diagram representing an example of monobase sensing in a BS. Figure 1B This is a diagram illustrating an example of monobase sensing in a UE.

[0016] Figures 2A-2D This is a diagram representing an example of bifocal / multifocal sensing.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a diagram representing an example of a perception architecture.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the switching between OFDM and chirp based on a unified framework.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a flowchart representing an example of option 1-3-1.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a flowchart representing an example of option 1-3-2.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a flowchart representing an example of option 1-3-3.

[0022] Figure 8This is a diagram illustrating an example of the schematic structure of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment.

[0023] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a base station according to one embodiment.

[0024] Figure 10 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a user terminal according to one embodiment.

[0025] Figure 11 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware structure of a base station and a user terminal according to one embodiment.

[0026] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0027] (TCI, Spatial Relations, QCL)

[0028] In NR, research is being conducted on the reception processing (e.g., at least one of receiving, demapping, demodulation, and decoding) and transmission processing (e.g., at least one of transmitting, mapping, precoding, modulation, and encoding) of at least one of control signals and channels (referred to as signal / channel) in the UE based on the Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state).

[0029] TCI states can also represent elements of signals / channels applied to the downlink. Elements equivalent to TCI states applied to signals / channels in the uplink can also be described as spatial relations.

[0030] The so-called TCI status refers to information related to quasi-co-location (QCL) of a signal / channel, and can also be called spatial reception parameters, spatial relation information, etc. The TCI status can also be set for the UE on a per-channel or per-signal basis.

[0031] QCL is an indicator that represents the statistical properties of a signal / channel. For example, it can also mean that, given a QCL relationship between a signal / channel and other signals / channels, it can be assumed that at least one of the following is the same (QCL): Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, and spatial parameter (e.g., spatial Rx parameter).

[0032] Additionally, the spatial reception parameters may also correspond to the UE's receive beam (e.g., receive analog beam), and the beam may also be determined based on the spatial QCL. The QCL (or at least one element of the QCL) in this disclosure may also be rewritten as sQCL (spatial QCL).

[0033] A QCL can also be defined with multiple types (QCL types). For example, four QCL types, or types AD, can be set, where the parameters (or parameter sets) that can be assumed to be the same are different. These parameters (also called QCL parameters) are represented as follows:

[0034] • QCL Type A (QCL-A): Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread.

[0035] • QCL Type B (QCL-B): Doppler shift and Doppler extension,

[0036] • QCL Type C (QCL-C): Doppler shift and average delay,

[0037] • QCL Type D (QCL-D): Space reception parameters.

[0038] The assumption that a UE envisions a relationship between a Control Resource Set (CORESET), channel, or reference signal and other CORESETs, channels, or reference signals in a specific QCL (e.g., QCL type D) is called a QCL assumption.

[0039] The UE may also determine at least one of the transmit beam (Tx beam) and receive beam (Rx beam) of the signal / channel based on the TCI state or QCL assumption of the signal / channel.

[0040] TCI status can also be, for example, information related to the QCL between the target channel (in other words, the reference signal (RS) used by the channel) and other signals (e.g., other RS). TCI status can also be set (indicated) by higher layer signaling, physical layer signaling, or a combination thereof.

[0041] Physical layer signaling can also be, for example, downlink control information (Downlink Control Information (DCI)).

[0042] The channel that is set (specified) to TCI state or spatial relationship can be, for example, at least one of the following: downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH))), downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH))), uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH))), and uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH))).

[0043] Furthermore, the RS that is related to the channel as QCL can be at least one of the following: a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB), a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a Measurement Reference Signal (Sounding Reference Signal (SRS)), a Tracking CSI-RS (also known as a Tracking Reference Signal (TRS)), or a QCL Detection Reference Signal (also known as a QRS).

[0044] An SSB is a block of signals that includes at least one Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), and a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)). An SSB can also be referred to as an SS / PBCH block.

[0045] The RS of QCL type X in TCI state can also refer to the RS that is in a relationship of QCL type X with a certain channel / signal (DMRS), and this RS can also be called the QCL source of QCL type X in TCI state.

[0046] (Wireless sensing technology)

[0047] Research is underway on wireless sensing technologies (wireless sensing, object detection, etc.). Compared to other sensing technologies, wireless sensing technologies offer the following advantages.

[0048] • Compared to the use of dynamic images and infrared sensing which is only applied to a specific direction, wireless sensing technology is not limited by direction and can effectively utilize features such as diffraction.

[0049] • Wireless sensing technology can be implemented at a lower cost compared to dynamic image capture.

[0050] Based on wireless sensing technology, it is possible to collect sensing results at base stations (BS) and flexibly apply the collected information to advanced cyberspace generation and to feedback on the actual space.

[0051] (Integrated sensing and communications (ISAC))

[0052] ISAC's motivation is to achieve high sensing performance and new / extended services through the use of various frequencies and cellular NW devices, and to optimize NW parameters through the analysis of real-time sensing data. Research is underway on extended use cases and potential requirements for 5G systems to provide sensing services for various industries / applications addressing multiple objectives, as well as the possibility that some use cases may also include non-3GPP type (non-wireless communication type) sensors (e.g., radar, cameras).

[0053] Examples of use cases include intruder detection in smart home environments, sensing for railway (train) intrusion detection, flood sensing in smart cities, and sensing for traffic management in tourist destinations.

[0054] As for ISAC, sensing-assisted communication and communication-assisted sensing are being investigated. For sensing-assisted communication, sensing-assisted beam management and sensing-assisted resource allocation are being investigated. For communication-assisted sensing, network sensing and coordinated sensing are being investigated. To achieve these, waveforms, beamforming, artificial intelligence (AI) / deep learning (DL)-operated radio access technology (RAT), frame structures, and reference signals are being investigated. Furthermore, for shared spectrum, hardware, and algorithms used in ISAC, higher frequency domains, larger antenna arrays, and similar signal processing algorithms for communication and sensing are being investigated.

[0055] In ISAC, the following topics have emerged: unified waveforms that simultaneously satisfy the requirements of communication (e.g., OFDM signals) and sensing (e.g., chirp signals); beamforming-based communication (e.g., transmitted signals, received signals), sensing (e.g., echo signals, transmitted signals, reflected signals); ISAC beamforming that simultaneously achieves interference suppression between them; and CSI mining by AI that extracts sensing information from channel information of communication (e.g., UL transmitted signals) and radar (e.g., DL radar signals) via AI / DL networks.

[0056] Whether communication and radar (sensing) systems share hardware / band domains is being studied in three types of radar and communication systems. These three types are: independent radar and communication systems (independent systems), joint radar and communication systems (joint systems), and integrated radar and communication systems (integrated systems). The following will focus on ISAC systems that share hardware and band domains between radar and communication systems.

[0057] In conventional communication systems, there is communication between a single BS (Base Station) and a UE, and joint transmission between multiple BSs and a UE. Similarly, in conventional radar systems, there are monostatic radars where one radar transmits radar signals and receives echoes from a sensed object, and bistatic / multistatic radars where one radar transmits radar signals and more than one radar receives echoes from a sensed object.

[0058] <Perception Methods>

[0059] In the ISAC system, perception can also be achieved through the following six methods. In this disclosure, the target (perception object) can be a person, animal, or object (e.g., vehicle, rain, other obstacles, etc.). The target can also vary depending on the use case.

[0060] [Sensing Method 1] Monostatic sensing in BS (gNB).

[0061] Figure 1A An example is monostatic sensing in a BS. In this example, the sensing transmitter / receiver is the BS. The sensing transmitter / receiver transmits sensing signals / ISAC signals (DL signals) and receives echo signals (UL signals) from the object. The BS can also further transmit communication signals / ISAC signals to the UE. The UE can also receive communication signals / ISAC signals from the BS and feed back the reception results to the BS.

[0062] [Perception Method 2] Monostatic sensing in UE.

[0063] Figure 1B An example is monostatic sensing in a UE. In this example, the sensing transmitter / receiver is the UE. The sensing transmitter / receiver sends a sensing signal / ISAC signal (UL signal) and receives the echo signal (DL signal) from the object. The UE sends a communication signal / ISAC signal to the BS. The BS can also receive the communication signal / ISAC signal from the UE and feed back the reception result to the UE.

[0064] Scenarios suitable for sensing methods 1 and 2 include sensing objects close to the sensing transmitter / receiver (BS or UE), sensing objects with high or moderate signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) in the echo signal, and sensing objects without accompanying communication capabilities. The capability requirements of sensing methods 1 and 2 include full-duplex operation in the BS or UE (a higher requirement). The sensing performance of sensing methods 1 and 2 includes high accuracy due to quantization-free operation, accuracy related to the SNR of the echo signal, and low latency.

[0065] The following sensing methods 3-6 relate to bistatic / multistatic sensing in a BS / UE. A sensing transmitter sends communication signals, and a sensing receiver receives signals affected by the object. In this example, the sensing transmitter is a BS or UE, and the sensing receiver is a cooperative BS or cooperative UE.

[0066] [Sensing Method 3] Bistatic / multistatic sensing between gNBs.

[0067] Figure 2A An example is bistatic / multistatic sensing between BS (gNB) and BS (gNB). Signal transmission (DL) is performed on the base station side, while echo / reflection (UL) sensing from the object is performed on the other base station sides.

[0068] Scenarios suitable for Sensing Method 3 include extremely tight synchronization between multiple BSs or multiple UEs, and sensing objects without communication capabilities. The capability requirements of Sensing Method 3 include half-duplex (lower requirement) and synchronization between multiple BSs or multiple UEs (higher requirement). The sensing performance of Sensing Method 3 includes high accuracy due to quantization-free operation, accuracy related to synchronization errors, and moderate latency.

[0069] [Sensing Method 4] Bistatic / multistatic sensing between UE and gNB.

[0070] Figure 2B An example is bistatic / multistatic sensing between UE and BS (gNB). Signal transmission (UL) is performed on the UE side, while echo / reflection (UL) sensing from the object is performed on the base station side. This signal / echo / reflection can also be referred to as the UL sensing resource.

[0071] [Sensing Method 5] Bistatic / multistatic sensing between gNB and UE.

[0072] Figure 2C An example is bistatic / multistatic sensing between the base station (BS) and the user equipment (UE). Signal transmission (DL) is performed on the base station side, while echo / reflection sensing (DL) from the target object is performed on the UE side. This signal / echo / reflection can also be referred to as the DL sensing resource.

[0073] [Sensing Method 6] UE-UE bistatic / multistatic sensing.

[0074] Figure 2D An example is bistatic / multistatic sensing between UEs. Signal transmission (UL) is performed on the UE side, while echo / reflection (DL) sensing from the object is performed on the other UE sides.

[0075] Scenarios suitable for sensing methods 4-6 include communication UEs in the vicinity of the sensing object. The capability requirements for sensing methods 4-6 are half-duplex (lower requirement) and UEs with higher computing resources (higher requirement). The capability requirements for sensing methods 5 and 6 may further include UEs with higher computing resources and detection of reflected signals (higher requirement). The sensing performance of sensing methods 4-6 includes moderate accuracy due to the quantization of feedback values, accuracy related to configured resources and UE location, and high latency.

[0076] The echo / reflected signal can be either a communication signal or a radar signal.

[0077] (Key performance indicators (KPIs) used for perception (from a use case perspective))

[0078] As key performance indicators (KPIs) for ISAC, research is underway on the coverage area or range of sensing services, resolution (distance / speed), latency, refresh rate, probability of undetected or detected, reliability level, false detection, etc.

[0079] As positioning KPIs, we studied position accuracy, velocity accuracy, orientation accuracy, timestamp accuracy, availability, latency, time to the initial decision, update rate, power consumption, energy per decision, and system scalability.

[0080] Different KPIs can be applied to different use cases. Several KPIs can also be the same for sensing and localization. In sensing and localization, the same KPIs can be applied to at least a portion of multiple use cases. Therefore, a design consistent with NR positioning can serve as the baseline for sensing.

[0081] <Perception Methods>

[0082] The sensing method can also be at least one of the aforementioned sensing methods 1 to 6. Multiple sensing methods may also require different capabilities related to the UE / BS. The sensing signal can also be a signal used for sensing functions.

[0083] The sensing signal can also be at least one of a communication signal and a communication waveform. The sensing signal can also be a waveform in a communication system accompanying at least one of CP-OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM. This signal can, for example, be at least one of PRS, SRS, CSI-RS, SSB, PDSCH, or PUSCH.

[0084] The sensed signal can also be at least one of a radar signal and a radar waveform. The sensed signal can also be a signal in a radar system that is accompanied by at least one of a frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW), a linear frequency modulation (LFM), or a chirp waveform (CW).

[0085] The sensing signal can be at least one of an ISAC signal and an ISAC waveform. The UE can also be a terminal with communication capabilities. The sensing object may or may not have communication capabilities.

[0086] In 5G wireless sensing, the 5G system (5GS) function provides the ability to obtain information about at least one characteristic of the environment and objects within the environment using NR RF signals. This information may also include at least one of shape, size, speed, position, distance, and relative movement between multiple objects. In some cases, the 5GS function may also provide the ability to obtain information predefined in EPC / E-UTRA.

[0087] A sensing transmitter can also be an entity that emits sensing signals used in the operation of the sensing service. A sensing transmitter can also be an NR radio access network (RAN) node or a UE. A sensing transmitter can be located in the same entity as a sensing receiver or in a different entity.

[0088] A sensing receiver can also be an entity that receives sensing signals used by the sensing service in its operation. A sensing receiver can also be an NR RAN node or a UE. A sensing receiver can be located in the same entity as the sensing transmitter or in a different entity.

[0089] A sensing group can also be a collection of more than one UE that supports sensing operations. The locations of all UEs in the collection can be known. Sensing measurement data for the collection of UEs can also be collected simultaneously.

[0090] Sensing measurement data can also be data collected for the purpose of sensing wireless signals affected by objects or the environment.

[0091] The sensing measurement process in this disclosure can also be the process of collecting sensing measurement data.

[0092] The perception results (measurement results) in this disclosure can also be information derived from the processing of perception measurement data. For example, perception results can also be characteristics of an object or environment.

[0093] The sensing type in this disclosure may also include any one of monostatic, monostatic with coordination (with two or more transmitters and receivers), bistatic, bistatic with coordination (with two or more receivers), multistatic, and passive sensing.

[0094] (Examples of perception methods / architectures / protocols)

[0095] <Patterns / Methods of Perception>

[0096] The pattern / method of perception can also be defined in the specification. This pattern / method can also follow at least one of the following options.

[0097] - Option 1

[0098] Similar to NR positioning modes / methods, sensing modes / methods can also be categorized into UE-RAN-based, UE-assisted, LMF-based, SMF-based, and NG-RAN node-assisted (UE-assisted) versions, and are supported.

[0099] -Option 2

[0100] The modes / methods of perception can also be classified and supported according to the aforementioned perception methods, etc.

[0101] <The architecture and protocol of perception (1)>

[0102] Sensing can either reuse / reuse the architecture and protocol of NR positioning, or it can be an extension of the architecture and protocol based on NR positioning.

[0103] Architecture

[0104] Figure 3 This represents an example of an architecture for sensing. AMF is extended for managing sensing requests. LMF is extended for managing collaborations and scheduling the resources needed for sensing.

[0105] NRPPa can also be extended between NG-RAN nodes and LMFs to support sensing functions. These sensing functions may also include at least one of the following: sensing-related measurements being forwarded from the ng-eNB to the LMF; sensing-related data being collected from the gNB; and measurement configuration information being sent from the LMF to the NG-RAN node.

[0106] Between the UE and LMF, the LPP can also be extended to support sensing functions for modes / methods of sensing related to UE assistance. Multiple request / response pairs for sensing information messages can also be defined for different sensing methods / modes and for the forwarding of sensing capabilities.

[0107] <The architecture and protocol of perception (2)>

[0108] Alternatively, the new architecture and protocol of perception may differ from the architecture and protocol of NR positioning, including at least one of the following features.

[0109] - Import a new AMF for managing awareness requests.

[0110] - Import new features for managing co-ordination, sensing the scheduling of necessary resources, and sensing management function (SMF).

[0111] - It can also import new protocols (like NRPPa or based on NRPPa) between NG-RAN nodes and new SMFs.

[0112] - It can also import new protocols (like LPP or based on LPP) between the UE and the new SMF.

[0113] New measurement results from various sensing methods / modes can also be imported (RSRP, time difference, AOA, AOD, delay, CSI, channel impulse response, power / delay / time domain distribution, measurement timing, Doppler / velocity, missing, probability of detection / false alarm, etc.).

[0114] (Flexible switching between OFDM and chirping based on a unified framework)

[0115] This disclosure provides a summary of the flexible handover between OFDM and chirp based on a unified framework. The UE / base station, based on the communication transmitter architecture, generates communication waveforms (OFDM) and sensing waveforms (chirp) respectively, enabling ISAC ultra-long-range sensing.

[0116] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram illustrating the switching between OFDM and chirp based on a unified framework. Resources, including communication symbols and sensing symbols, are divided into communication symbols and sensing symbols. Here, the UE changes the modulation mode and pattern of the sensing symbols to generate a set of orthogonal chirped waveforms. This enables it to handle remote sensing and communication (Feature 1).

[0117] After the UE / base station performs spectrum shaping on the sensing symbols, it performs resource mapping. In spectrum shaping, different types of chirped waveforms (linear / triangular / trapezoidal) are dynamically generated (feature 2) through frequency domain shaping operations, depending on the sensing accuracy and algorithm complexity. Furthermore, the m-th element of the spectrum shaping is the given chirped waveform e. j φ（t） Fourier coefficients.

[0118] Then, the communication symbols and sensing symbols are switched by TDM switching. For the output signal, inverse high-speed Fourier transform (IFFT), parallel / serial (P / S) conversion and cyclic prefix (CP) are added.

[0119] The UE / base station controls the multiplexing of sensing resources using chirped waveforms and communication resources using OFDM. The UE / base station transmits sensing RSs using ZC sequences / pre-chirped sequences in the sensing resources. Communication resources include, for example, at least one RS other than sensing RSs and data (PUSCH / PDSCH), and sensing resources include, for example, RSs (sensing RSs).

[0120] [Option 1]

[0121] Alternatively, a TDM-based sensing RS design can be used. The UE allocates its entire bandwidth to the sensing RS. The sensing RS and other communication RS / data are transmitted using TDM. In this case, due to allocating the entire bandwidth to the sensing RS, there is a feature of improved distance sensing performance.

[0122] All bands include, but are not limited to, frequency resources / bandwidths allocated / set / specified by RS in units of resource blocks (RB) / resource block groups (RBG), BWPs assigned to the UE, channel bandwidths in the band, or combinations thereof.

[0123] [Option 2]

[0124] Alternatively, an FDM-based sensing RS design can be used. The UE allocates all time-band resources to the sensing RS. The sensing RS and other communication RS / data are transmitted using FDM. In this case, the sensing RS occupies all symbols in the time domain, thus exhibiting high speed sensing performance.

[0125] Resources of the entire time band may be time resources allocated / set / specified in units of symbols (groups) / time slots (groups) / subframes for RS sensing, or specific frequency resources / subbands that are always used only for RS sensing, but are not limited to these.

[0126] [Option 3]

[0127] Alternatively, a sensing RS design based on Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) can be used. The UE can fully utilize time / frequency resources for both sensing RS and communication RS / data by using CDM. The orthogonality of sensing and communication is achieved through CDM. In this case, there are characteristics such as higher sensing resolution and ambiguity range for distance and velocity.

[0128] [Option 4]

[0129] Alternatively, a sensing RS design based on Polarization Division Multiplexing (PDM) can be used. With PDM, both the sensing RS and the communication RS / data RS completely occupy time / frequency resources. Furthermore, different power is allocated to sensing and communication. Using a PDM-based sensing RS design offers advantages such as better resolution and ambiguity range for distance and velocity detection.

[0130] PDM and CDM can also be used together. In this case, for the symbols of CDM, sequences using time-domain orthogonal codes (TD-OCC) / frequency-domain orthogonal codes (FD-OCC) can be applied, as well as other orthogonal or non-orthogonal sequences.

[0131] [Option 5]

[0132] This paper describes the design of a sensing RS based on Space Division Multiplexing (SDM). In an SDM-based sensing RS, both the sensing RS and the communication RS / data RS fully utilize time / frequency resources. To implement SDM, different spatial precoders / beamformers are used for sensing and communication. In this case, the detection resolution for distance and velocity is high, and the ambiguity range is wide.

[0133] <Applicability of DL and UL Perceived RS Design>

[0134] The applicability of perceived RS designs in DL and UL is explained. Different RS modes have different advantages and application scenarios. In order to support different needs in different scenarios, it is preferable to apply each RS mode based on the applicability of each RS design option in DL and UL.

[0135] For example, the UE / base station can also receive settings indicating the requirements of the sensing RS design and, based on these requirements, determine the method of multiplexing sensing resources and communication resources (TDM / FDM / CDM / SDM / PDM).

[0136] [Based on TDM]

[0137] "advantage"

[0138] • It enables the simple implementation of transmitters and receivers.

[0139] • Perception performance and communication performance do not affect each other.

[0140] • It has good distance detection performance.

[0141] Application Scenarios

[0142] • Situations requiring high distance sensing performance with low complexity and low communication efficiency.

[0143] [Based on FDM]

[0144] "advantage"

[0145] • It enables the simple implementation of transmitters and receivers.

[0146] • Perception performance and communication performance do not affect each other.

[0147] • It has excellent speed detection performance.

[0148] Application Scenarios

[0149] • Situations requiring high-speed sensing performance and low communication efficiency with low complexity.

[0150] [Based on CDM]

[0151] "advantage"

[0152] • The resolution of distance and velocity detection is good.

[0153] • High communication efficiency.

[0154] Application Scenarios

[0155] • Situations requiring high complexity, high distance / velocity sensing resolution, and high communication efficiency.

[0156] [Based on PDM]

[0157] "advantage"

[0158] • The resolution of distance and velocity detection is good.

[0159] • High communication efficiency.

[0160] Application Scenarios

[0161] • Situations requiring high complexity, high distance / velocity sensing resolution, and high communication efficiency.

[0162] [Based on SDM]

[0163] "advantage"

[0164] • The resolution of distance and velocity detection is good.

[0165] • High communication efficiency.

[0166] Application Scenarios

[0167] • Situations requiring high complexity, high distance / velocity sensing resolution, and high communication efficiency.

[0168] [Application Scope of DL-based Sensing RS Design]

[0169] The application scope of sensing RS design for DL ​​is explained. For DL, sensing RS is preferably designed considering factors such as high transmit power of NW, high communication efficiency, and UE support for complex receivers.

[0170] Option 1: For TDM-based sensing RS mode using ZC and pre-chirped sequences, and for FDM-based sensing RS, it is applied to DL considering the requirement of lower reception complexity.

[0171] Option 2: For RS modes using ZC and pre-chirped sequences, CDM-based, PDM-based, and SDM-based modes, the higher communication efficiency is considered when applying to (capable) UEs that support higher receive complexity, and the DL for that UE.

[0172] Option 3: For RS modes using ZC and pre-chirped sequences, CDM-based, PDM-based, and SDM-based modes, this option is not applicable to UEs that do not support high receive complexity (those without the capability), or to DL for such UEs.

[0173] [Application Scope of UL's Sensing RS Design]

[0174] The application scope of UL's sensing RS design is explained. In UL, sensing RS is preferably designed with lower requirements for UE transmit power and communication efficiency, and with the NW's ability to support higher receive complexity.

[0175] Option 1: TDM-based sensing RS modes and pre-chirped sequences are applied to ULs that allow for lower PAPR performance.

[0176] Option 2: The TDM-based sensing RS mode using ZC sequences and the FDM-based sensing RS cannot be applied to UL applications that require high PAPR performance.

[0177] Option 3: CDM-based, PDM-based, and SDM-based RS modes and pre-chirped sequences are applied to ULs that allow for low PAPR performance and are required to support NW capabilities with high receive complexity.

[0178] Option 4: RS modes with ZC sequences based on CDM, PDM, or SDM are not applied to UL applications that require high PAPR performance.

[0179] (analyze)

[0180] As mentioned above, various sensing methods are being researched in future wireless communication systems. For example, consider the UE / base station (e.g., gNB) transmitting sensing resources to the base station / UE via an object. However, details regarding how the UE / base station will measure / report sensing resources in UL / DL are not yet clear. If these are not adequately studied, there are concerns that this could lead to a decrease in sensing accuracy / communication quality.

[0181] Therefore, the inventors of this invention have studied a method for appropriately measuring / reporting UL / DL sensing resources.

[0182] (Various rewrites, etc.)

[0183] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The wireless communication methods involved in each embodiment can be used individually or in combination.

[0184] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be rewritten as each other. In addition, in this disclosure, "A / B / C" may also mean "at least one of A, B and C".

[0185] In this disclosure, terms such as notification, activation, deactivation, indication (or indication), selection, configuration, update, and determination can be overridden. Similarly, terms such as support, control, ability to control, operation, and ability to operate can also be overridden.

[0186] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-level parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., can also be modified interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) elements (MAC ControlElement (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., can also be modified interchangeably.

[0187] In this disclosure, higher-layer signaling may be, for example, Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., any one of positioning protocols (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP))) or combinations thereof).

[0188] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may also use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MACCE) or a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU). Broadcast information may also be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), a Minimum System Information (Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI)), or Other System Information (OSI).

[0189] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may also be, for example, downlink control information (DCI), uplink control information (UCI), etc.

[0190] In this disclosure, beam, spatial domain filter, spatial settings, TCI state, TCI state pool, multiple TCI states, UL TCI state, unified TCI state, unified beam, common TCI state, common beam, QCL concept, QCL parameters, spatial domain receive filter, UE spatial domain receive filter, UE receive beam, DL beam, DL receive beam, DL precoding, DL precoder, DL-RS, RS of QCL type D of TCI state / QCL concept, RS of QCL type A of TCI state / QCL concept, spatial relationship, spatial domain transmit filter, UE spatial domain transmit filter, UE transmit beam, UL beam, UL transmit beam, UL precoding, UL precoder, and PL-RS can also be mutually modified. In this disclosure, QCL type X-RS, DL-RS associated with QCL type X, DL-RS having QCL type X, source of DL-RS, SSB, CSI-RS, and SRS can also be mutually modified.

[0191] In this disclosure, the sensing transmitter can also be a BS / UE / wireless communication device. In this disclosure, the sensing receiver can also be a BS / UE / wireless communication device. In this disclosure, the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver can also be a single BS / UE / sensing transmitter / receiver / wireless communication device.

[0192] In this disclosure, the terms "perceived object," "object," "target," "non-UE target," "UE target," and "perceived object" can be interchanged. In this disclosure, a perceived object may or may not have communication capabilities. In this disclosure, a perceived object may also include a UE. In this disclosure, the terms "UE target," "target with communication capabilities," "target device," and "UE" can be interchanged. In this disclosure, a non-UE target and a target without communication capabilities can also be interchanged.

[0193] In this disclosure, echo signals, impacted signals, reflected signals, refracted signals, diffracted signals, signals transmitted and received by a sensing transmitter and receiver, and signals received by a sensing receiver can also be interchanged. In this disclosure, communication signals, RS signals, radar signals, mixed communication and radar signals, integrated signals, ISAC signals, and sensing signals can also be interchanged.

[0194] In this disclosure, the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver, sensing transceiver, integrated sensing transceiver, and BS located at the same position can also be rewritten to each other.

[0195] In this disclosure, BS, UE, IAB, repeater, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), sensing transmitter, sensing receiver, sensing transceiver, wireless communication device, and object (target) may also be interchanged.

[0196] In this disclosure, the server, sensing server, positioning server, 5GC, core network, LMF, AMF, sensing management function (SMF), secure user plane location (SUPL) location platform (SLP), BS, network (NW), management function, and function can also be rewritten.

[0197] In this disclosure, the base station (BS), NG-RAN node, gNB, ng-eNB, NG-RAN, RAN, network (NW), transmission / reception point (TRP), transmission point (TP), and reception point (RP) can also be rewritten.

[0198] In this disclosure, location, positioning, position, location measurement, position estimation, measured value, estimated value, measurement result, and perception can also be interchanged.

[0199] In this disclosure, sensing, wireless sensing, and measurement can be interchanged. In this disclosure, measured values, sensed information, measured quantity, measurement results, measurement content, and measurement types can also be interchanged. In this disclosure, spatial transmit filters, spatial receive filters, spatial domain transmit filters, spatial domain receive filters, spatial domain filters, spatial filters, and beams can also be interchanged. In this disclosure, setting / instruction and transmitting settings / instructions can also be interchanged. RS / data used for sensing and sensing resources can also be interchanged. Transmission and reporting can also be interchanged.

[0200] (Wireless communication method)

[0201] <Topic 1>

[0202] In perception method 5 ( Figure 2C In a BS (gNB)-UE sensing scenario like the example shown, the base station (e.g., gNB) sends RS / data (DL sensing resources) for example, which is used for DL ​​sensing. The UE then performs measurements on the RS / data received via the object and reports the sensing results to the NW (e.g., gNB).

[0203] Depending on the use case, different quantities (measurement content / measurement results) may be applied. However, it is not clear what quantities the UE should measure and report. Therefore, the inventors of this invention have conceived of a method for appropriately measuring / reporting sense resources.

[0204] <First Implementation>

[0205] like Figure 2C As in the example, the UE receives sensing RS / data (DL sensing resources) transmitted from the base station (gNB) via the object and performs measurements (control measurements). The UE may also receive settings / instructions related to the measurement quantity (measurement content / measurement result) in advance from the NW (base station). For example, the measurement quantity may also be at least one of the following types.

[0206] [Implementation Method 1.1]

[0207] The UE can also measure sensed resources (RS / data) and send (report) the direct measurement results to the NW (base station). The measurement results can also be at least one of the following types 1 (1-0 to 1-5).

[0208] Type 1-0: Code phase measurement (also known as pseudorange), Doppler measurement, carrier phase measurement (also known as cumulative incremental distance), carrier-to-noise ratio of received signal, measurement quality parameters of each measurement, measurement information related to the additional path (non-Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) associated measurement information), measured cell ID, RS ID, measurement timing, Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) , Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) , Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) ), Absolute radio-frequency channel number (ARFCN) , UE receive-transmit time difference, timestamp, barometric pressure sensor measurement, round-trip time, measurement characteristics, reference location, reference time, quality of each measurement, at least one of the following: line-of-sight (LOS) / Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) information. This information can also be included in the measurement results of NR positioning used in UE-assisted positioning methods.

[0209] Type 1-1: at least one of L3-RSRP, L3-RSRQ, L3-RSSI, L1-RSRP, L1-Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), codebook setting (e.g., Type I / II / port selection) / Doppler / Non-Coherent Joint Transmission (NCJT)) CSI / Coherent Joint Transmission (CJT) CSI, and time domain correlation profile (TDCP)

[0210] Types 1-2: Channel Impulse Response (CIR) and other conversions.

[0211] Type 1-2': Radar cross section (RCS) and other conversions.

[0212] Types 1-3: Power delay profile (PDP), or delay profile (DP), or range / delay-Doppler / angle mapping.

[0213] Types 1-4: at least one of power, delay, phase, and channel response timing.

[0214] Types 1-5: At least one of the measurements in Types 1-1 to 1-4 can also be measured for each of one or more paths. For example, the X strongest paths can also be selected for reporting. "Strongest" can also mean that the values ​​of the measurements of each type are larger.

[0215] In addition, various types of measurements can also be reported together with other information such as cell ID, RSID, measurement timing, timestamp, LOS / NLOS, quality / reliability of each measurement, etc.

[0216] According to implementation method 1.1, the UE can determine the appropriate amount of reporting for DL-aware resources and implement appropriate measurement / reporting.

[0217] [Implementation Method 1.2]

[0218] The UE can also perform measurements corresponding to the use case for sensed resources (RS / data) and send (report) the measurement results. The measurement results can also be at least one of the following types 2 (2-0 to 2-4).

[0219] Type 2-0: Latitude / longitude / altitude (with uncertain shape), velocity (with uncertain shape), reference time (e.g., with time correlation from GNSS to NG-RAN and uncertain shape), indication of the positioning / sensing method used, measured cell ID, RSID, ARFCN, measurement timing, UE location estimation (with uncertain shape), timestamp, reference location, reference time, quality of each measurement, and at least one of LOS / NLOS information. This information may also be included in the measurement results of NR positioning using a UE-based positioning method.

[0220] Type 2-1: One or more, the number of objects detected.

[0221] Type 2-1': The presence or absence of the object being detected. That is, the number reported can also be 0.

[0222] Type 2-2: The range of the object being detected. That is, it can be not only a specific location, but also the range corresponding to a specific location.

[0223] Type 2-2': The size of the object being detected.

[0224] Type 2-3: The state of the detected object (e.g., speed, direction of movement, path, distance to the object, angle, object recognition result, shape recognition result, posture recognition result, material (texture) recognition result).

[0225] Type 2-4: Reliability.

[0226] The UE can also measure / report statistical values ​​of the measured quantities (e.g., the average value, cumulative distribution function (CDF) / probability density function (PDF) etc.).

[0227] In addition, various types of measurements can also be measured / reported together with other information such as cell ID, RS ID, measurement timing, timestamp, LOS / NLOS, and at least one of the quality / reliability of each measurement.

[0228] The UE can also send supported use cases as UE capability information. The UE can also receive in advance settings / instructions for the measurements that should be measured for each use case via higher-layer signaling / physical layer signaling, and perform measurements / reports based on those settings / instructions.

[0229] According to implementation method 1.2, the UE can perform appropriate measurements / reports for DL-aware resources based on the use case. This enables optimal communication to be implemented for each use case.

[0230] [Implementation Method 1.3]

[0231] The UE can send (report) at least one direct measurement result (type 1, i.e., any type in implementation 1.1) and at least one measurement result corresponding to the use case (type 2, i.e., any type in implementation 1.2) separately, or send (report) them together.

[0232] Option 1-3-1: The UE may also measure and send (report) only the measurement quantity of type 1 (any type in implementation 1.1).

[0233] Figure 5This is a flowchart illustrating an example of option 1-3-1. The UE measures DL sensing resources (RS / data) (S101). The UE sends (reports) the direct measurement results based on the measurements in S101 (type 1 measurement results, such as those associated with CSI) to the gNB / LMF (S102). Based on the reported measurement results, the gNB / LMF performs calculations / processing / measurements corresponding to the use case to obtain the final sensing result (S103). The sensing result in S103 corresponds to a type 2 measurement result (any type in implementation 1.2).

[0234] According to option 1-3-1, the processing load of the UE can be reduced by setting the UE's measurement to only type 1.

[0235] Option 1-3-2: The UE can also obtain the measurement results of type 2 (any type in implementation 1.2) based on the measurement results of type 1 (any type in implementation 1.1) and send them (report).

[0236] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of option 1-3-2. The UE measures DL sensing resources (RS / data) (S201). The UE acquires direct measurement results based on the measurements in S201 (type 1 measurement results, such as those associated with CSI) (S202). Based on the measurement results in S202, the UE performs calculations / processing / measurements corresponding to the use case, acquires the final sensing results, and reports them to the gNB / LMF (S203). The sensing results in S203 correspond to type 2 (any type in implementation 1.2) measurement results.

[0237] According to option 1-3-2, the UE also obtains the measurement results of type 2, thereby enabling it to quickly perform processing corresponding to those measurement results. Furthermore, the UE can also select the content to be transmitted based on the measurement results of type 2.

[0238] Option 1-3-3: The UE may also send (report) the measurement results of type 1 (any type in implementation 1.1) (all or part of the measurement results) and the measurement results of type 2 (any type in implementation 1.2) (all or part of the measurement results).

[0239] Figure 7This is a flowchart illustrating an example of option 1-3-3. The UE measures DL sensing resources (RS / data) (S301). The UE acquires direct measurement results based on the measurement in S301 (type 1 measurement results, e.g., those associated with CSI) (S302). Based on the measurement results in S302, the UE performs calculations / processing / measurements corresponding to the use case, acquiring measurement results (all or part of the measurement results) (S303). The sensing results in S303 correspond to type 2 (any type in implementation 1.2) measurement results. The UE reports the direct measurement results (all or part of the measurement results) from S302 and the measurement results (all or part of the measurement results) corresponding to the use case in S303 to the gNB / LMF (S304).

[0240] According to option 1-3-3, the UE can select the measurement results to be sent from the measurement results of type 1 and type 2 based on the use case, etc., and send (report).

[0241] Regarding the method of sending (reporting) measurement results by the UE, the following options 1-3-4 and 1-3-5 can also be applied.

[0242] Option 1-3-4: The UE can also use PUCCH / PUSCH to send the measurement results as UCI (CSI or other UL control information) or MAC CE or Radio Resource Control (RRC) information element (Information Element (IE)) to the NW.

[0243] Option 1-3-5: The UE may also use the extended LPP protocol for sensing, the new LPP protocol for sensing, or a protocol based on the LPP protocol to send to the extended LMF (enhanced LMF) or the new SMF / Sensing Function (SF) for sensing. The extended LMF, the new SMF, the LPP protocol, or the protocol based on the LPP protocol may also correspond to the sensing architecture and the protocols (1) and (2) described above.

[0244] [change]

[0245] The UE can also send (report) a report if at least one report of each type exceeds a threshold. The threshold can also be preset / indicated via higher-layer signaling / physical-layer signaling. The threshold can also vary per object / path.

[0246] The methods for transmitting Type 1 and Type 2 measurement results can be different or the same. For example, the UE can transmit Type 1 measurement results on the PUCCH and Type 2 measurement results on the PUSCH. The protocols for transmitting Type 1 and Type 2 results can also be different.

[0247] According to the first embodiment, the measurement quantity / method in the sensing between the BS (gNB) and UE is defined. Therefore, the UE can appropriately measure / report DL sensing resources, thus preventing a decrease in sensing accuracy / communication quality.

[0248] <Topic 2>

[0249] As described in the first embodiment, it is unclear what settings the UE will make and what actions the UE will take when applying measurement quantities and methods for DL ​​sensing resources. For example, the settings / selections related to spatial transmit filters / spatial receive filters are not clear. Therefore, the inventors of the present invention have conceived of a setting / action method for appropriately receiving / measuring / reporting sensing resources.

[0250] <Second Implementation>

[0251] Regarding the settings related to the measurement of DL-sensing resources and the corresponding reports, the following options can also be applied. The UE can also receive from the NW (e.g., a base station) a setting / instruction indicating that the same measurement RS resource (DL-sensing resource) is repeatedly transmitted R times (R>=1) in consecutive symbols / time slots / specific time units. Then, the UE can also receive the repeatedly transmitted RS resource (DL-sensing resource) via the object based on the setting / instruction and perform measurement (or control the measurement).

[0252] This implementation can also be used in combination with the first implementation. That is, the UE can also receive downlink (DL) sensing resources that are repeatedly transmitted from the base station (gNB) and received via the object, and control the measurement of the repeatedly transmitted DL sensing resources.

[0253] [Implementation Method 2.1]

[0254] For each repeatedly transmitted RS resource (DL-aware resource), the same spatial transmission filter can also be used. The UE can also receive settings / indications from the NW associated with repeatedly transmitted RS resources using the same spatial transmission filter (e.g., the same TCI state / QCL-D source RS). For example, when the base station is able to determine / infer the location (range) of an object, repeated transmission using the same spatial transmission filter (beam) can improve the UE's measurement accuracy.

[0255] Option 1

[0256] The UE can also change the spatial reception filter for each measurement. The UE can also determine the spatial reception filter without using settings / instructions. In this case, the UE can also apply the following options 1-1 to 1-3. When reporting the measurement quantity (measurement result) of the first embodiment, the following options 1-1 to 1-3 can also be further applied.

[0257] Option 1-1: The UE may also select / report a (best) measurement result for a measurement sample for the purpose of reporting. Furthermore, the UE may also further report information / concepts related to the selected spatial reception filter corresponding to the selected / reported measurement result (e.g., TCI status, RS ID of QCL resource, beam ID, RS ID of DL / UL, etc.).

[0258] Option 1-2: The UE may also select up to X (optimal) measurement results / measurement RSs for reporting. Here, X <= R, and X may also be set via RRC based on the UE's transmission capabilities. Furthermore, the UE may report the selected measurement results and further report information / plans related to the spatial reception filter used to receive the selected measurement RSs.

[0259] Option 1-2-1: The UE reports measurements for X resources. In this case, the overhead increase is X times that of 1 resource.

[0260] Option 1-2-2: Alternatively, if several measurements are identical for X resources, the UE reports the same measurement only once. Alternatively, if the measurements for X resources are different, the UE reports the measurements for those X resources. Thus, by reducing the reporting of identical measurements, overhead can be suppressed.

[0261] Options 1-3: The UE can also perform averaging / filtering of X (e.g., the best X) measurement results and report one of the processed measurement results. The UE can either send this X as UE capability information or it can be configured via RRC signaling.

[0262] The selection of UE in options 1-1 and 1-2 can be based on calculations of the highest / lowest / average intensity / range / mass / probability of the measurement results, or it can be based on specific rules.

[0263] The UE can also envision that the spatial transmission filter used for RS transmission and the spatial reception filter used for RS reception are the same.

[0264] Option 2

[0265] The spatial reception filter of the UE used for each measurement can also be set via NW. In this case, options 1-1 to 1-3 can also be applied in the same way. However, in option 2, the UE may also choose not to report information / concepts related to the spatial reception filter.

[0266] Alternatively, option 2 can also be applied only when R=1.

[0267] With the application of specific spatial reception filters, the UE may also not need to detect the sensing RS.

[0268] The UE may also pre-transmit the capabilities associated with the spatial receiving filter used to receive the RS for measurement as UE capability information.

[0269] [Implementation Method 2.2]

[0270] For each of the repeatedly transmitted RS resources (DL sensing resources), a different spatial transmission filter can also be used. The UE can also receive settings / instructions from the NW for R sensing resources that are repeatedly transmitted using different spatial transmission filters (e.g., RS via TCI state / QCL-D). For example, in cases where the base station has difficulty determining / inferring the location (range) of an object, by repeatedly transmitting using different spatial transmission filters (beams), the UE can perform accurate measurements regardless of the object's location.

[0271] Option 1

[0272] The UE may also use the same spatial receiving filter for each measurement. The UE may also determine the spatial receiving filter without using a setting / instruction. In this case, the UE may also apply the following options 1-1 to 1-3. When reporting the measurement quantity (measurement result) of the first embodiment, the following options 1-1 to 1-3 may also be further applied.

[0273] Option 1-1: The UE may also select an (optimal) measurement result for a measurement sample for reporting purposes. The UE may then further report information / concepts related to the selected spatial transmission filter corresponding to the selected / reported measurement result (e.g., TCI status, RS ID of QCL resources, beam ID, reordered RS index, etc.). The UE may or may not report information / concepts related to the spatial reception filter.

[0274] Option 1-2: The UE may also select up to X (optimal X) measurement results for reporting. Here, X <= R, and X may also be set via RRC based on the UE's transmission capabilities. Furthermore, the UE may further report information / concepts related to the selected RS / space transmission filter corresponding to the selected / reported measurement results. The UE may also choose not to report information / concepts related to the space reception filter.

[0275] Option 1-2-1: The UE reports measurements for X resources. In this case, the overhead increase is X times that of 1 resource.

[0276] Option 1-2-2: Alternatively, if several measurements are identical for X resources, the UE reports the same measurement only once. Alternatively, if the measurements for the X resources are different, the UE can report each of the X resources' measurements. Thus, by reducing the reporting of identical measurements, overhead can be suppressed.

[0277] Options 1-3: The UE can also perform averaging / filtering of X (e.g., the best X) measurement results and report one of the processed measurement results. The UE can send this X as UE capability information, or it can be set via RRC signaling, etc.

[0278] The selection of UE in options 1-1 and 1-2 can be based on calculations of the highest / lowest / average intensity / range / mass / probability of the measurement results, or it can be based on specific rules.

[0279] Option 2

[0280] The UE can also use the same spatial reception filter for each measurement. The spatial reception filter of the UE used for each measurement can also be set by the NW via higher-layer signaling / physical layer signaling, etc. The UE can also report the set reporting amount in the same way as in the first embodiment. In option 2, options 1-1 to 1-3 can also be applied in the same way. However, in option 2, the UE may not report information / concepts related to the spatial reception filter.

[0281] Option 3

[0282] The UE can also use a different spatial receiving filter for each measurement. The spatial receiving filter used by the UE for each measurement can also be determined by the UE. The UE can also report the set reporting quantity in the same way as in the first embodiment. In option 3, options 1-1 to 1-3 can also be applied in the same way.

[0283] Option 4

[0284] The UE can also use a different spatial reception filter for each measurement. The spatial reception filter used by the UE for each measurement can also be set by the NW via higher-layer signaling / physical layer signaling, etc. The UE can also report the set reporting amount in the same way as in the first embodiment. Options 1-1 to 1-3 can also be applied in the same way in option 4. However, in option 4, the UE may not report information / concepts related to the spatial reception filter.

[0285] When a specific spatial receiving filter is applied, the UE may also not need to detect the sensing RS.

[0286] The UE may also pre-send the capabilities associated with the spatial receiving filter used for receiving measurements as UE capability information.

[0287] According to the second embodiment, the setting / selection method for spatial transmission filters / spatial reception filters in the sensing between the BS (gNB) and the UE is clarified. As a result, the UE can appropriately receive DL sensing resources (beams) and perform measurements / reports, thereby preventing a decrease in sensing accuracy / communication quality.

[0288] <Topic 3>

[0289] exist Figure 2B In a UE-BS (gNB) sensing scenario like this, the UE sends RS / data (UL sensing resources), for example, for UL sensing. The base station (e.g., gNB) then performs measurements on the RS / data received via the object and reports the sensing results.

[0290] Depending on the use case, different quantities (measurement content) may be applied. However, it is not clear what quantities the gNB measures and reports. Therefore, the inventors of this invention have conceived of a method for appropriately measuring / reporting perceived resources.

[0291] <Third Implementation Method>

[0292] like Figure 2B As in the example, the base station (gNB) receives sensing RS / data (UL sensing resources) transmitted from the UE via the object and performs measurements. The gNB can also use a protocol based on the Extended NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) for sensing or the New NRPPa protocol for sensing to send (report) the measurements (measurement results) to the UE, the Extended LMF for sensing, or the New SMF / SF for sensing. The measurements (measurement results) can also be, for example, at least one of the following types.

[0293] [Implementation Method 3.1]

[0294] The base station (gNB) can also measure sensed resources (RS / data) and send (report) the direct measurement results. The measurement results can also be, for example, at least one of the following types 3 (3-0 to 3-4).

[0295] Type 3-0: Cell ID, timing advance, angle of arrival (azimuth, elevation), RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI, ARFCN, timing information for cell / TRP / RS, settings for the sensing RS (SSB / CSI-RS / Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) / SRS / new RS) for cell / TRP's DL / UL, receive-transmit time difference in gNB, timestamp, quality of each measurement, beam information for each measurement, and at least one of LoS / NLoS. This information can also be included in the measurement results for NR positioning using gNB-based positioning methods.

[0296] Type 3-1: CIR and other conversions.

[0297] Type 3-1': Radar cross-section (RCS), and other conversions.

[0298] Type 3-2: Power Delay Distribution (PDP), or Delay Distribution (DP), or range / delay-Doppler / angle mapping.

[0299] Type 3-3: At least one of power, delay, phase, and channel response timing.

[0300] Type 3-4: At least one of the measurements in Types 3-1 to 3-3 can also be measured for each of one or more paths. For example, the X strongest paths can also be selected for reporting.

[0301] In addition, various types of measurements can also be reported together with other information (e.g., cell ID, RSID, measurement timing, timestamp, LOS / NLOS, quality / reliability of each measurement, etc.).

[0302] According to implementation method 3.1, the gNB can determine the appropriate amount of reporting for UL-sensing resources and implement appropriate measurement / reporting.

[0303] [Implementation Method 3.2]

[0304] The gNB can also perform measurements corresponding to the use case for UL-sensing resources (RS / data) and send (report) the measurement results. The measurement results can also be, for example, at least one of the following types 4 (4-1 to 4-4).

[0305] Type 4-1: One or more, the number of targets being detected.

[0306] Type 4-1': Presence or absence of the object being detected. That is, the number reported can also be 0.

[0307] Type 4-2: The range of the object being detected. That is, it can be not only a specific location, but also the range corresponding to a specific location.

[0308] Type 4-2': The size of the object being detected.

[0309] Type 4-3: The state of the detected object (e.g., speed, direction of movement, path, distance to the object, angle, object recognition result, shape recognition result, posture recognition result, material (texture) recognition result).

[0310] Type 4-4: Reliability.

[0311] The UE can also measure / report statistical values ​​of the measured quantities (e.g., the various types of information mentioned above), such as the mean, cumulative distribution function (CDF), probability density function (PDF), etc.

[0312] gNB can send (report) at least one direct measurement result (type 3, i.e. any type in implementation 3.1) and at least one measurement result corresponding to the use case (type 4, i.e. any type in implementation 3.2) separately, or send (report) them together.

[0313] In addition, various types of measurements can also be reported together with other information (e.g., cell ID, RSID, measurement timing, timestamp, LOS / NLOS, quality / reliability of each measurement, etc.).

[0314] The example of implementation method 1.3 can also be used in implementation methods 3.1 and 3.2. That is, in implementation method 1.3, type 1 is replaced with type 3, type 2 is replaced with type 4, DL is replaced with UL, UE is replaced with gNB, and gNB / LMF (transmission destination) is replaced with LMF / SMF / SF.

[0315] The gNB can also receive in advance settings / instructions for the measurements to be measured for each use case via higher-level signaling / physical-level signaling, and perform measurements / reports based on those settings / instructions.

[0316] According to implementation method 3.2, the gNB can perform appropriate measurements / reports for UL-sensing resources based on the use case. This enables optimal communication to be implemented for each use case.

[0317] <Topic 4>

[0318] As described in the third embodiment, it is unclear what settings the gNB should make and what actions the gNB / UE should take when applying measurements and methods for UL sensing resources. For example, the settings / selections related to spatial transmit filters / spatial receive filters are unclear. Therefore, the inventors of this invention have conceived of appropriate methods for setting / acting to receive / measure / report sensing resources.

[0319] <Fourth Implementation>

[0320] Regarding settings related to the measurement of UL sensing resources, corresponding reports, and RS transmissions from the UE, the following options can also be applied. The NW (base station, gNB) can also send a setting / instruction to the UE indicating that the same UL RS resource (UL sensing resource) should be repeatedly transmitted R times (R>=1) in consecutive symbols / time slots / specific time units. The gNB can also receive the UL RS resource (UL sensing resource) repeatedly transmitted from the UE via the object and perform measurements (or control the measurements).

[0321] Option A: NW can also configure the UE to repeatedly transmit RS resources in the same space using a transmission filter. This space transmission filter can also be determined by the UE.

[0322] Option B: The NW can also be set for RS resources that the UE repeatedly transmits in the same spatial transmission filter. This same spatial transmission filter can also be set / indicated via the NW (e.g., using TCI status ID or QCL-D source RS).

[0323] Option C: NW can also be configured to assign RS resources that the UE repeatedly transmits in different spatial transmission filters. This spatial transmission filter can also be determined by the UE.

[0324] Option D: The NW can also be used to configure the RS resources that the UE repeatedly transmits in different spatial transmission filters. This spatial transmission filter can also be determined through the NW.

[0325] In options A through D, the NW (gNB) may use the same or different spatial receiving filters. Similarly to the third embodiment, when the gNB measures sensing resources (RS / data) and reports the measurement results, options 1 through 3 may also be applied.

[0326] Option 1: The gNB can also select an optimal measurement result for a measurement sample used for reporting. The gNB can also report information / concepts related to the selected RS / space transmit filter corresponding to the selected / reported measurement result (e.g., TCI status, RS ID of the QCL resource, beam ID, reordered RS index, etc.). The gNB may or may not report information / concepts related to the space receive filter.

[0327] Option 2: The gNB can also select up to X (optimal X) measurement results for reporting. Here, X <= R, and X can also be set via RRC based on the UE's transmission capabilities. Furthermore, the gNB can also further report information / concepts related to the selected RS / space transmission filter corresponding to the selected / reported measurement results.

[0328] Option 2-1: gNB reports measurements for X resources. In this case, the overhead increase is X times that of 1 resource.

[0329] Option 2-2: Alternatively, if several measurements are identical for X resources, the gNB reports the same measurement only once. Or, if the measurements for the X resources are different, the gNB reports each of the X resources' measurements. Thus, by reducing the reporting of identical measurements, overhead can be suppressed.

[0330] Option 3: The gNB can also perform averaging / filtering of X (e.g., the best X) measurement results and report and process one measurement result. X can also be set via RRC signaling, etc.

[0331] The selection of gNB in ​​options 1 and 2 can be based on calculations of the highest / lowest / average strength / range / mass / probability, etc., from the measurement results, or it can be based on specific rules.

[0332] When NW configurations include UEs with different spatial transmission filters, gaps can be set to allow for repeated transmission of UL-aware resources. These gaps can be defined by specifications or transmitted by the UE as UE capability information. A gap is the time interval between transmissions of RSs using different spatial transmission filters.

[0333] According to the fourth embodiment, the setting / selection method for spatial transmission filters / spatial reception filters in the sensing between UE-BS (gNB) is clarified. As a result, the gNB can appropriately receive UL sensing resources (beams) and perform measurements / reports, thereby preventing a decrease in sensing accuracy / communication quality.

[0334] <Supplement>

[0335] [Information notification to UE]

[0336] The notification of any information from the Network (NW) (e.g., Base Station (BS)) to the UE in the above-described embodiments (in other words, the reception of any information from the BS in the UE) can also be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signals), or combinations thereof.

[0337] In the case where the above notification is made via MAC CE, the MAC CE can also be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader that is not specified in the existing standard.

[0338] When the above notification is made through a DCI, the notification can also be made through specific fields of the DCI, the Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used in the scrambling of the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0339] Furthermore, the notification of any information to the UE in the above embodiments can also be carried out periodically, semi-persistently, or non-periodically.

[0340] [Notification from UE]

[0341] The notification of any information from the UE (to the NW) in the above embodiments (in other words, the transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) can also be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MACCE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or combinations thereof.

[0342] In the case where the above notification is delivered via MAC CE, the MAC CE can also be identified by including a new LCID in the MAC sub-header that is not specified in the existing standard.

[0343] In cases where the above notification is sent via UCI, the above notification may also be sent using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0344] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above embodiments can also be carried out periodically, semi-persistently, or non-periodically.

[0345] [Regarding the application of each implementation method]

[0346] At least one of the above-described implementation methods can also be applied under certain conditions. These specific conditions can be specified in the standard or communicated to the UE / BS using higher-layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0347] At least one of the above implementation methods can also be applied only to UEs that have reported a specific UE capability or support that specific UE capability. In addition, "support" and "whether to support" can be rewritten interchangeably.

[0348] This specific UE capability can also represent at least one of the following:

[0349] • Supports specific processing / actions / controls / information for at least one of the above embodiments.

[0350] • Supported types (in the first implementation, types that can be measured / reported)

[0351] • Changes / switches of spatial receiving filters used for each measurement of repeatedly transmitted UL / DL sensing resources;

[0352] • The number of UL / DL sensing resources that are repeatedly sent (e.g., R in the second and fourth embodiments).

[0353] • The quantity of the measured / reported measurement results (e.g., X in the second and fourth embodiments).

[0354] • Supports RS resources that are repeatedly transmitted within the same spatial transmission filter.

[0355] • Supports RS resources that are repeatedly transmitted in different spatial transmission filters.

[0356] • The length of the interval between repeated transmissions of UL sensing resources.

[0357] Furthermore, the aforementioned specific UE capabilities can be capabilities applied across the entire frequency range (commonly independent of frequency), capabilities for each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of cells, bands, band combinations, BWPs, component carriers, etc.), capabilities for each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1)), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), capabilities for each subcarrier spacing (SCS) or capabilities for each feature set (FS) or feature set per component-carrier (FSPC)

[0358] Furthermore, the aforementioned specific UE capabilities can be either capabilities that apply to all duplex modes (commonly regardless of the duplex mode) or capabilities that apply to each duplex mode (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0359] Furthermore, at least one of the above-described embodiments can also be applied when the UE is set / activated / triggered by specific information associated with the above-described embodiments (or performs the operations of the above-described embodiments) via higher-layer signaling / physical layer signaling. For example, this specific information can also be any RRC parameter for a specific version (e.g., Rel.18 / 19).

[0360] The UE may also apply operations such as Rel.15 / 16 / 17 if it does not support at least one of the specific UE capabilities mentioned above, or if the specific information mentioned above is not set.

[0361] (Postscript)

[0362] With respect to one embodiment of this disclosure, the following invention is noted.

[0363] [Appendix 1]

[0364] A terminal having:

[0365] The receiving unit receives downlink (DL) sensed resources transmitted from the base station via an object; and

[0366] The control unit controls the measurement of the DL sensing resources.

[0367] [Appendix 2]

[0368] The terminal described in Appendix 1,

[0369] It also includes a transmitting unit that transmits at least one of the following as direct measurement results: code phase measurement, Doppler measurement, carrier phase measurement, carrier-to-noise ratio of the received signal, measurement quality parameters of each measurement, non-Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) associated measurement information, the measured cell ID, RS ID, measurement timing, Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Absolute radio-frequency channel number (ARFCN), time difference between reception and transmission, timestamp, barometric pressure sensor measurement, round-trip time, measurement characteristics, reference position, reference time, quality of each measurement, line-of-sight (LOS) information, and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) information.

[0370] [Appendix 3]

[0371] The terminal described in Appendix 1 or Appendix 2,

[0372] The control unit performs the measurements corresponding to the use case.

[0373] [Appendix 4]

[0374] The terminal described in any one of Appendix 1 to Appendix 3,

[0375] The control unit performs the measurements corresponding to the use case.

[0376] It also has a sending unit that sends the direct measurement results of the measurement, as well as the measurement results corresponding to the use case.

[0377] (Postscript)

[0378] With respect to one embodiment of this disclosure, the following invention is noted.

[0379] [Appendix 1]

[0380] A terminal having:

[0381] The receiving unit receives downlink (DL) sensed resources repeatedly transmitted from the base station via the object; and

[0382] The control unit controls the measurement of the repeatedly transmitted DL sensing resources.

[0383] [Appendix 2]

[0384] The terminal described in Appendix 1,

[0385] For each of the repeatedly transmitted DL-sensing resources, the same spatial transmission filter is used.

[0386] [Appendix 3]

[0387] The terminal described in Appendix 1 or Appendix 2,

[0388] For each of the repeatedly transmitted DL-sensing resources, a different spatial transmission filter is used.

[0389] [Appendix 4]

[0390] The terminal described in Appendix 3,

[0391] The control unit uses the same spatial receiving filter for each measurement.

[0392] (Postscript)

[0393] With respect to one embodiment of this disclosure, the following invention is noted.

[0394] [Appendix 1]

[0395] A base station, having:

[0396] The receiving unit receives uplink (UL) sensing resources transmitted from the terminal via the object; and

[0397] The control unit controls the measurement of the UL sensing resources.

[0398] [Appendix 2]

[0399] The base station described in Appendix 1,

[0400] It also has a transmission unit that transmits at least one of the following as direct measurement results: cell ID, timing advance, angle of arrival, reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), absolute radio-frequency channel number (ARFCN), cell, timing information of the transmission / reception point (TRP) or RS, setting of the DL or UL sensing RS of the cell or TRP, time difference between reception and transmission, timestamp, quality of each measurement, beam information of each measurement, line-of-sight (LOS) information, and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) information.

[0401] [Appendix 3]

[0402] The base station described in Appendix 1 or Appendix 2,

[0403] The control unit performs the measurements corresponding to the use case.

[0404] [Appendix 4]

[0405] The base station mentioned in any one of Appendix 1 to Appendix 3,

[0406] The control unit performs the measurements corresponding to the use case.

[0407] It also has a sending unit that sends the direct measurement results of the measurement, as well as the measurement results corresponding to the use case.

[0408] (Wireless communication system)

[0409] The structure of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will now be described. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one or a combination of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure.

[0410] Figure 8This is a diagram illustrating an example of the schematic structure of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (also referred to simply as System 1) may also be a system that uses Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5GNR) as standardized by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0411] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 can also support dual connectivity between multiple radio access technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC can also include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0412] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0413] Wireless communication system 1 can also support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (e.g., MN and SN are dual connectivity between NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0414] The wireless communication system 1 may also include a base station 11 forming a macro cell C1 with a relatively wide coverage area, and a base station 12 (12a-12c) configured within the macro cell C1 and forming a small cell C2 narrower than the macro cell C1. The user terminal 20 may also be located within at least one cell. The configuration and number of each cell and the user terminal 20 are not limited to the arrangement shown in the figure. Hereinafter, without distinguishing between base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0415] User terminal 20 may also connect to at least one of multiple base stations 10. User terminal 20 may also utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CC) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0416] Each CC can also be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). Macro cell C1 can also be included in FR1, and small cell C2 can also be included in FR2. For example, FR1 can also be a frequency band below 6 GHz (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 can also be a frequency band above 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). In addition, the frequency bands, definitions, etc. of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these; for example, FR1 can also correspond to a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0417] In addition, in each CC, the user terminal 20 may also use at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) for communication.

[0418] Multiple base stations 10 can also be connected via wired (e.g., fiber optic, X2 interface, etc. based on Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI)) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication between base stations 11 and 12 is used as a backhaul, base station 11, which is equivalent to a host station, can also be referred to as an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is equivalent to a relay station, can also be referred to as an IAB node.

[0419] Base station 10 may also be connected to core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. Core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0420] The core network 30 may also include, for example, user plane functions (UPF), access and mobility management functions (AMF), session management functions (SMF), unified data management (UDM), application functions (AF), data network (DN), location management functions (LMF), and network functions (NF) such as operation, administration and maintenance (OAM). Alternatively, multiple functions can be provided through a single network node. Furthermore, communication with external networks (e.g., the Internet) can also be achieved via the DN.

[0421] User terminal 20 can also be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0422] In wireless communication system 1, wireless access methods based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) can also be used. For example, in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) links, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) can also be used.

[0423] The wireless access method can also be referred to as a waveform. In addition, in the wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (e.g., other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) can also be used in the wireless access methods of UL and DL.

[0424] In the wireless communication system 1, the downlink channel can also be a shared downlink channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)), a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), or a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)) shared by each user terminal 20.

[0425] In addition, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel can also be the shared uplink channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)), the uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), the random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)) shared by each user terminal 20, etc.

[0426] User data, high-level control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via the PDSCH. User data and high-level control information can also be transmitted via the PUSCH. In addition, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) can also be transmitted via the PBCH.

[0427] Lower-layer control information can also be transmitted via PDCCH. This lower-layer control information may include, for example, downlink control information (DCI), which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0428] Additionally, the DCI that schedules PDSCH can also be called DL allocation, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH can also be called UL authorization, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH can be rewritten as DL data, and PUSCH can be rewritten as UL data.

[0429] In PDCCH detection, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space can also be utilized. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. The search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A CORESET can also be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE can also monitor CORESETs associated with a specific search space based on search space settings.

[0430] A search space can also correspond to a PDCCH candidate corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces can also be referred to as a search space set. In addition, the terms "search space", "search space set", "search space setting", "search space set setting", "CORESET", and "CORESET setting" in this disclosure can be rewritten interchangeably.

[0431] The PUCCH can also transmit uplink control information (uplink control information (UCI)) that includes at least one of the following: Channel State Information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (e.g., also known as Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request ACK Knowledge (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and Scheduling Request (SR). The PRACH can also transmit random access preambles used for establishing connections with the cell.

[0432] In addition, in this disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc., may be described without the word "link". Furthermore, various channels may be described without the word "physical".

[0433] In wireless communication system 1, synchronization signals (SS) and downlink reference signals (DL-RS) can also be transmitted. In wireless communication system 1, DL-RS can also transmit cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), positioning reference signals (PRS), and phase tracking reference signals (PTRS).

[0434] Synchronization signals can be, for example, at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS). A signal block containing SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) can also be called an SS / PBCH block, SS block (SSB), etc. In addition, SS, SSB, etc. can also be called reference signals.

[0435] Furthermore, in wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) can also transmit measurement reference signals (sounding reference signals (SRS)) and demodulation reference signals (DMRS). Additionally, DMRS can also be referred to as user terminal-specific reference signals (UE-specific reference signals).

[0436] (Base station)

[0437] Figure 9 This diagram illustrates an example of the structure of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmit / receive unit 120, a transmit / receive antenna 130, and a transmission path interface (transmission line interface) 140. Alternatively, the control unit 110, the transmit / receive unit 120, the transmit / receive antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140 may each be provided in more than one manner.

[0438] Furthermore, while this example primarily illustrates the functional blocks of the characteristic portions of this embodiment, it can also be envisioned that the base station 10 also possesses other functional blocks required for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may also be omitted.

[0439] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., which are described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0440] The control unit 110 can also control signal generation and scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping). The control unit 110 can also control transmission, reception, and measurement using the transmit / receive unit 120, transmit / receive antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 can also generate data, control information, sequences, etc., to be transmitted as signals and forward them to the transmit / receive unit 120. The control unit 110 can also perform call processing (setting, releasing, etc.) of the communication channel, status management of the base station 10, and management of wireless resources.

[0441] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may also include a transmitting processing unit 1211 and a receiving processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be composed of transmitters / receivers, RF circuits, baseband circuits, filters, phase shifters, measurement circuits, transmitting / receiving circuits, etc., as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0442] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 can be configured as a single integrated transmitting and receiving unit, or it can be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit can also be composed of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit can also be composed of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0443] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be constructed from an antenna, such as an array antenna, as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0444] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can also transmit the aforementioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can also receive the aforementioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0445] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 may also use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), etc., to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0446] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (transmitting processing unit 1211) may, for example, perform processing at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control) on the data and control information obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0447] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (transmitting processing unit 1211) can also perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may also include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filter processing (filtering processing), Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (as needed), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output the baseband signal.

[0448] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) can also perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to the wireless frequency band, and transmit the wireless frequency band signal through the transmitting and receiving antenna 130.

[0449] On the other hand, the transmitting and receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) can also amplify, filter, and demodulate the signals of the wireless frequency band received through the transmitting and receiving antenna 130 into the baseband signal.

[0450] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (receiving and processing unit 1212) can also perform receiving and processing on the acquired baseband signal, including analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (as needed), filter processing, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may also include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing, to acquire user data, etc.

[0451] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) can also perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 can also perform radio resource management (RRM) measurements, channel state information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 can also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results can also be output to the control unit 110.

[0452] The transmission path interface 140 can also transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between the device included in the core network 30 (e.g., the network node providing the NF), other base stations 10, etc., and can also acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0453] In addition, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the base station 10 in this disclosure may also be composed of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0454] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 can also transmit downlink (DL) sensing resources to the terminal via the object.

[0455] The control unit 110 can also control the reception of measurement results of the DL sensing resources.

[0456] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 can also receive uplink (UL) sensing resources that are repeatedly transmitted from the terminal via the object.

[0457] The control unit 110 can also control the measurement of the UL sensing resources that are repeatedly transmitted.

[0458] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 can also receive uplink (UL) sensing resources sent from the terminal via the object.

[0459] The control unit 110 can also control the measurement of the UL sensing resources.

[0460] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 may also transmit at least one of the following as direct measurement results: cell ID, timing advance, angle of arrival, reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), absolute radio-frequency channel number (ARFCN), cell, timing information of the transmission / reception point (TRP) or RS, setting of the DL or UL sensing RS of the cell or TRP, time difference between reception and transmission, timestamp, quality of each measurement, beam information of each measurement, line-of-sight (LOS) information, and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) information.

[0461] The control unit 110 can also perform the measurements corresponding to the use case.

[0462] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 may also transmit the direct measurement results of the measurement, as well as the measurement results corresponding to the use case.

[0463] (User terminal)

[0464] Figure 10 This diagram illustrates an example of the structure of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Alternatively, the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may each be provided as one or more.

[0465] Furthermore, while this example primarily illustrates the functional blocks of the characteristic portions of this embodiment, it is also conceivable that the user terminal 20 may also have other functional blocks required for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may also be omitted.

[0466] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., which are described based on common knowledge in the technical field to which this disclosure pertains.

[0467] The control unit 210 can also control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 can also control transmission, reception, measurement, etc., using the transmission / reception unit 220 and the transmission / reception antenna 230. The control unit 210 can also generate data, control information, sequences, etc., to be transmitted as signals and forward them to the transmission / reception unit 220.

[0468] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may also include a transmitting processing unit 2211 and a receiving processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0469] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 can be configured as a single integrated transmitting and receiving unit, or it can be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit can also be composed of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit can also be composed of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0470] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be constructed from an antenna, such as an array antenna, as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0471] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can also receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc., mentioned above. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc., mentioned above.

[0472] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 may also use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), etc., to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0473] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (transmitting processing unit 2211) may, for example, perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control) on the data and control information obtained from the control unit 210, and generate the bit string to be transmitted.

[0474] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (transmitting processing unit 2211) can also perform channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filter processing, DFT processing (as needed), IFFT processing, precoding, digital-to-analog conversion and other transmission processing on the bit string to be transmitted, and output the baseband signal.

[0475] Furthermore, whether or not to apply DFT processing can be based on the settings of transform precoding. For a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), if transform precoding is enabled, the transmit / receive unit 220 (transmit processing unit 2211) can perform DFT processing as described above in order to transmit the channel using the DFT-s-OFDM waveform. If not, the transmit / receive unit 220 (transmit processing unit 2211) can perform the above transmission processing without performing DFT processing.

[0476] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) can also perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to the wireless frequency band, and transmit the wireless frequency band signal through the transmitting and receiving antenna 230.

[0477] On the other hand, the transmitting and receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) can also amplify, filter, demodulate, etc., the signals of the wireless frequency band received by the transmitting and receiving antenna 230.

[0478] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (receiving and processing unit 2212) can also perform receiving and processing on the acquired baseband signal, such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (as needed), filter processing, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may also include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing, to acquire user data.

[0479] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measurement unit 223) can also perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 can also perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 can also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results can also be output to the control unit 210.

[0480] Additionally, the measurement unit 223 can also derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources can be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. Furthermore, the measurement unit 223 can also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources can be at least one of NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. Additionally, CSI-IM can also be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM), and can be interchanged with zero power (ZP) CSI-RS. Furthermore, in this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZPCSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., can also be interchanged.

[0481] Alternatively, the transmitting and receiving units of the user terminal 20 in this disclosure may also be composed of at least one transmitting / receiving unit 220 and transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0482] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 can also receive downlink (DL) sensing resources transmitted from the base station via the object.

[0483] The control unit 210 can also control the measurement of the DL sensing resources.

[0484] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 may also transmit at least one of the following as direct measurement results: code phase measurement value, Doppler measurement value, carrier phase measurement value, carrier-to-noise ratio of the received signal, measurement quality parameters of each measurement value, non-Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) associated measurement information, measured cell ID, RS ID, measurement timing, Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Received Signal Strength I-channel number (ARFCN), time difference between reception and transmission, timestamp, barometric pressure sensor measurement value, round-trip time, measurement characteristics, reference position, reference time, quality of each measurement, line-of-sight (LOS) information, and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) information.

[0485] The control unit 210 can also perform the measurements corresponding to the use case.

[0486] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 may also transmit the direct measurement results of the measurement, as well as the measurement results corresponding to the use case.

[0487] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 can also receive downlink (DL) sensing resources that are repeatedly transmitted from the base station via the object.

[0488] The control unit 210 can also control the measurement of the repeatedly transmitted DL sensing resources.

[0489] For each of the repeatedly transmitted DL-sensing resources, the same spatial transmission filter is used.

[0490] For each of the repeatedly transmitted DL-sensing resources, a different spatial transmission filter is used.

[0491] The control unit 210 can also use the same spatial receiving filter for each measurement.

[0492] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 can also transmit uplink (UL) sensing resources to the base station via the object.

[0493] The control unit 210 can also control the reception of measurement results from the UL sensing resources.

[0494] (Hardware structure)

[0495] Furthermore, the block diagrams used in the description of the above embodiments illustrate functional units. These functional blocks (structural units) are implemented through any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Moreover, the implementation method of each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block can be implemented using a single device that is physically or logically combined, or it can be implemented by directly or indirectly (e.g., using wired, wireless, etc.) connecting two or more physically or logically separate devices. A functional block can also be implemented by combining the aforementioned single device or multiple devices with software.

[0496] Here, the functions include judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, export, investigation, search, confirmation, receiving, sending, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, regard as, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assigning, but are not limited to these. For example, a functional block (structural unit) that implements the sending function can also be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. Each of these, as described above, is not particularly limited in its implementation method.

[0497] For example, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the base station, user terminal, etc., can also function as a computer for processing the wireless communication method of this disclosure. Figure 11 This diagram illustrates an example of the hardware structure of a base station and a user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above can also be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, and a bus 1007.

[0498] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit can be interchanged. The hardware structure of base station 10 and user terminal 20 can be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the figures, or it can be configured not to include any of the apparatuses.

[0499] For example, only one processor 1001 is shown, but there can be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing can be performed by one processor, or simultaneously, sequentially, or by two or more processors using other methods. Additionally, processor 1001 can be implemented using more than one chip.

[0500] Regarding the functions in base station 10 and user terminal 20, for example, by reading specific software (programs) into hardware such as processor 1001 and memory 1002, so that processor 1001 performs calculations and controls communication via communication device 1004, or by controlling at least one of reading and writing data in memory 1002 and storage device 1003.

[0501] The processor 1001 enables the operating system to operate and control the computer as a whole. The processor 1001 may also be a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic devices, registers, etc. For example, at least a portion of the control unit 110 (210), the transmit / receive unit 120 (220), etc., described above may also be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0502] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002, and performs various processes accordingly. As a program, a program that causes the computer to perform at least a portion of the operations described in the above embodiments can be used. For example, the control unit 110 (210) can also be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and operated in the processor 1001; similar implementations can be made for other functional blocks.

[0503] The memory 1002 may also be a computer-readable recording medium, such as being composed of at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), or other suitable storage media. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory (main storage device), etc. The memory 1002 is capable of storing executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for implementing the wireless communication method according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0504] Storage device 1003 may also be a computer-readable recording medium, such as a flexible disc, floppy disk, optical disk (e.g., a compact disc ROM), digital multifunction disk, Blu-ray disc, removable disk, hard disk drive, smart card, flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), magnetic stripe, database, server, or at least one other suitable storage medium. Storage device 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0505] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting and receiving device) used for communication between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network. It is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network interface card (NIC), communication module, etc. To implement at least one of, for example, Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD), the communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. For example, the aforementioned transmit / receive unit 120 (220) and transmit / receive antenna 130 (230) may also be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmit / receive unit 120 (220) may also be implemented by physically or logically separating the transmit unit 120a (220a) and the receive unit 120b (220b).

[0506] Input device 1005 is an input device that receives input from external sources (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). Output device 1006 is an output device that performs output to external sources (e.g., display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). Alternatively, input device 1005 and output device 1006 can also be an integrated structure (e.g., a touch panel).

[0507] Furthermore, the processor 1001, memory 1002, and other devices are connected via a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 can be configured as a single bus or as different buses between the devices.

[0508] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 can also be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), and can also use this hardware to implement part or all of the functional blocks. For example, the processor 1001 can also be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0509] (Variation example)

[0510] Furthermore, the terms described in this disclosure, as well as those necessary for understanding this disclosure, may be replaced with terms that have the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol, and signal (signal or signaling) may be interchanged. Additionally, a signal may also be a message. A reference signal can also be abbreviated as RS, and may be referred to as pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applied standard. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may also be referred to as cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0511] A radio frame can also be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) that constitute a radio frame can also be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe can also be composed of one or more time slots in the time domain. A subframe can also be a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) independent of the parameter set (numerology).

[0512] Here, the parameter set can also be communication parameters applied in at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. For example, the parameter set can also represent at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering processing performed by the transmitter and receiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processing performed by the transmitter and receiver in the time domain.

[0513] In the time domain, a time slot can also be composed of one or more symbols (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols, etc.). In addition, a time slot can also be a time unit based on a set of parameters.

[0514] A time slot can also contain multiple mini-time slots. Each mini-time slot can also consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Furthermore, a mini-time slot can also be called a sub-time slot. A mini-time slot can also consist of fewer symbols than a time slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a mini-time slot can also be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using mini-time slots can also be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0515] Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols all represent time units for transmitting signals. Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols can also use their respective other names. Furthermore, the time units such as frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols in this disclosure can be interchanged.

[0516] For example, a subframe can also be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes can also be called a TTI, and a time slot or a mini-time slot can also be called a TTI. That is, at least one of a subframe and a TTI can be a subframe in existing LTE (1ms), a period shorter than 1ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1ms. In addition, the unit representing TTI may not be called a subframe, but rather a time slot, mini-time slot, etc.

[0517] Here, TTI refers, for example, to the smallest unit of time for scheduling in wireless communication. For instance, in an LTE system, the base station schedules radio resources (frequency bandwidth, transmit power, etc., available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0518] TTI can also be a unit of time for transmitting channel-coded data packets (transmission blocks), code blocks, codewords, etc., and can also be a unit of processing such as scheduling and link adaptation. In addition, when a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) mapped to transmission blocks, code blocks, codewords, etc. can be shorter than the TTI.

[0519] Additionally, where a time slot or a mini-time slot is referred to as a TTI, more than one TTI (i.e., more than one time slot or more than one mini-time slot) can also serve as the minimum time unit for scheduling. Furthermore, the number of time slots (mini-time slots) constituting the minimum time unit of the schedule can also be controlled.

[0520] A TTI with a duration of 1ms can also be referred to as a normal TTI (TTI in 3GPPRel.8-12), a standard TTI, a long TTI, a normal subframe, a standard subframe, a long subframe, a time slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI can also be referred to as a shortened TTI, a short TTI, a partial TTI (partial or fractional TTI), a shortened subframe, a short subframe, a mini time slot, a sub-time slot, a time slot, etc.

[0521] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) can also be rewritten as a TTI with a duration of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) can also be rewritten as a TTI with a duration of less than a long TTI but more than 1 ms.

[0522] A resource block (RB) is a unit of resource allocation in both the time and frequency domains. In the frequency domain, it can also contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB can be the same regardless of the parameter set, for example, it can be 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB can also be determined based on the parameter set.

[0523] Furthermore, an RB can contain one or more symbols in the time domain, and can also be a time slot, a mini-time slot, a subframe, or the length of a TTI. A TTI, a subframe, etc., can also be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0524] In addition, one or more RBs can also be referred to as Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0525] In addition, a resource block can also consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, an RE can also be a radio resource area consisting of a subcarrier and a symbol.

[0526] The Bandwidth Part (BWP) (also referred to as partial bandwidth, etc.) can also represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) used for a certain parameter set in a certain carrier. Here, common RBs can also be determined by the index of RBs based on the common reference point of the carrier. PRBs can also be defined in a BWP and appended with numbers within that BWP.

[0527] A BWP can also include a UL BWP (the BWP used by UL) and a DL BWP (the BWP used by DL). For a UE, one or more BWPs can also be set within a single carrier.

[0528] At least one of the configured BWPs can be active, and the UE may not intend to transmit or receive specific signals / channels outside of the active BWPs. Additionally, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" in this disclosure may be replaced with "BWP".

[0529] Furthermore, the structures described above, such as radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols, are merely illustrative. For example, the number of subframes contained in a radio frame, the number of time slots in each subframe or radio frame, the number of mini-time slots contained within a time slot, the number of symbols and RBs contained in a time slot or mini-time slot, the number of subcarriers contained in an RB, and the number of symbols in a TTI, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length can be varied in many ways.

[0530] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure can be represented by absolute values, relative values ​​with respect to a specific value, or other corresponding information. For example, wireless resources can also be indicated by a specific index.

[0531] In this disclosure, the names used for parameters, etc., are not limiting names in any respect. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions, etc., using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name; therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not limiting names in any respect.

[0532] The information, signals, etc., described in this disclosure can also be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc., which may be mentioned throughout the above description, can also be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0533] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output in at least one of the following directions: from higher level (upper layer) to lower level (lower layer), and from lower layer to higher level. Information, signals, etc., can also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0534] Input and output information, signals, etc., can be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc., can be overwritten, updated, or appended. Output information, signals, etc., can also be deleted. Input information, signals, etc., can also be sent to other devices.

[0535] The notification of information is not limited to the methods / implementations described in this disclosure, and may also be carried out by other methods. For example, the notification of information in this disclosure may also be implemented by physical layer signaling (e.g., downlink control information (DCI), uplink control information (UCI), etc.), higher layer signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB) etc.), medium access control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or combinations thereof.

[0536] In addition, physical layer signaling can also be referred to as Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. Furthermore, RRC signaling can also be referred to as RRC messages, such as RRC connection setup messages, RRC connection reconfiguration messages, etc. Additionally, MAC signaling can also be notified using, for example, the MAC control element (CE).

[0537] Furthermore, notification of specific information (e.g., a notification of “is X”) is not limited to explicit notification, but can also be implicit (e.g., by not providing that specific information, or by providing other information).

[0538] The determination can be made by a value represented by a single bit (0 or 1), by a true or false value (boolean), or by a numerical comparison (e.g., a comparison with a specific value).

[0539] Whether software is called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or any other name, it should be broadly interpreted to refer to instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, etc.

[0540] Furthermore, software, instructions, and information can also be sent and received via a transmission medium. For example, when software is sent from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technologies (coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) etc.) and wireless technologies (infrared, microwave, etc.), at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included within the definition of a transmission medium.

[0541] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure are interchangeable. “Network” may also mean devices included in a network (e.g., base stations).

[0542] In this disclosure, the terms “precoding”, “precoder”, “weight (precoding weight)”, “quasi-co-location (QCL)”, “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state)”, “spatial relation”, “spatial domain filter”, “transmit power”, “phase rotation”, “antenna port”, “layer”, “number of layers”, “rank”, “resource”, “resource set”, “beam”, “beamwidth”, “beam angle”, “antenna”, “antenna element”, “panel”, “UE panel”, “transmitting entity”, and “receiving entity” are used interchangeably.

[0543] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the antenna port can also be rewritten with an antenna port used for any signal / channel (e.g., a DeModulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, resources can also be rewritten with resources used for any signal / channel (e.g., reference signal resources, SRS resources, etc.). Additionally, resources can also include time / frequency / code / space / power resources. Moreover, the spatial domain transmission filter can also include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0544] The aforementioned groups may include, for example, at least one of the following: spatial relation group, code division multiplexing (CDM) group, reference signal (RS) group, control resource set (CORESET) group, PUCCH group, antenna port group (e.g., DMRS port group), layer group, resource group, beam group, antenna group, panel group, etc.

[0545] Furthermore, in this disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), RS, etc., can also be rewritten to each other.

[0546] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, and joint TCI state can also be rewritten to each other.

[0547] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL", "QCL concept", "QCL relationship", "QCL type information", "QCL property (QCLproperty / properties)", "specific QCL type (e.g., type A, type D) property", and "specific QCL type (e.g., type A, type D)" can be rewritten interchangeably.

[0548] In this disclosure, indexes, identifiers (IDs), indicators, indications, resource IDs, etc., can be interchanged. Sequences, lists, sets, groups, clusters, subsets, etc., can also be interchanged.

[0549] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information Identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and spatial relationship information (TCI state) can be interchanged. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" can also be interchanged with "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI states)," "one or more spatial relationship information," etc. TCI state and TCI can also be interchanged. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationships can also be interchanged.

[0550] In this disclosure, the terms "Base Station (BS)", "Wireless Base Station", "Fixed Station", "NodeB", "eNB (eNodeB)", "gNB (gNodeB)", "Access Point", "Transmission Point (TP)", "Reception Point (RP)", "Transmission / Reception Point (TRP)", "Panel", "Cell", "Sector", "Cell Group", "Carrier", and "Component Carrier" are used interchangeably. There are also instances where the terms macro cell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell are used to refer to a base station.

[0551] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, its overall coverage area can be divided into several smaller areas, each of which can also provide communication services through a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). Terms such as "cell" or "sector" refer to a portion or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and base station subsystem providing communication services within that coverage area.

[0552] In this disclosure, the act of a base station sending information to a terminal can also be rewritten in relation to the act of the base station instructing the terminal to perform control / operation based on that information.

[0553] In this disclosure, the terms “Mobile Station (MS)”, “user terminal”, “user equipment (UE)”, and “terminal” are used interchangeably.

[0554] There are also instances where mobile stations are referred to as subscriber stations, mobile units, subscriber units, wireless units, remote units, mobile devices, wireless devices, wireless communication devices, remote devices, mobile subscriber stations, access terminals, mobile terminals, wireless terminals, remote terminals, handsets, user agents, mobile clients, clients, or several other appropriate terms.

[0555] At least one of the base station and the mobile station can also be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Additionally, at least one of the base station and the mobile station can also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0556] The term "mobile body" refers to a movable object whose speed is arbitrary, including when the object is stationary. Examples of such mobile bodies include vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships (ships and other watercraft), airplanes, rockets, artificial satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, hot air balloons, and objects carried on them, but are not limited to these. Furthermore, the mobile body can also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on operational commands.

[0557] The mobile entity can be a means of transportation (e.g., a vehicle, an airplane, etc.), a mobile entity moving in an unmanned manner (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (humanized or unmanned). Additionally, at least one of the base station and the mobile station also includes a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station can also be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0558] Figure 12This is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a speed sensor 51, a pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0559] The drive unit 41 is comprised of at least one of an engine, a motor, or a combination of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 42 is configured to include at least a steering wheel (also called a steering handle) that steers at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on operation of the steering wheel by the user.

[0560] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, a memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (e.g., an input / output (IO) port) 63). Signals from various sensors 50-58 present in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 can also be referred to as an electronic control unit (ECU).

[0561] The signals from various sensors 50-58 include the following: current signal from current sensor 50 sensing the current of the motor; rotational speed signal of front wheel 46 / rear wheel 47 obtained by speed sensor 51; air pressure signal of front wheel 46 / rear wheel 47 obtained by air pressure sensor 52; vehicle speed signal obtained by vehicle speed sensor 53; acceleration signal obtained by acceleration sensor 54; accelerator pedal 43 depress amount signal obtained by accelerator pedal sensor 55; brake pedal 44 depress amount signal obtained by brake pedal sensor 56; shift lever 45 operation signal obtained by shift lever sensor 57; and detection signal obtained by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0562] The information service unit 59 comprises various devices such as a navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, used to provide (output) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information obtained from external devices via the communication module 60, etc., to provide various information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0563] The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and output devices (e.g., display, speaker, LED light, touch panel, etc.) that implement output to the outside.

[0564] The driver assistance system unit 64 comprises various devices used to provide functions for preventing accidents or reducing the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, light detection and ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning detectors (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyroscope systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. Furthermore, the driver assistance system unit 64 sends and receives various information via communication module 60 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0565] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and the structural elements of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) with the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, gear shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49 of the vehicle 40, and various sensors 50-58 via the communication port 63.

[0566] The communication module 60 can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and is a communication device capable of communicating with external devices. For example, it can transmit and receive various types of information with external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 can be located both inside and outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device can be, for example, the aforementioned base station 10, user terminal 20, etc. Furthermore, the communication module 60 can be, for example, at least one of the aforementioned base station 10 and user terminal 20 (or it can function as at least one of the base station 10 and user terminal 20).

[0567] The communication module 60 can also wirelessly transmit at least one of the signals input to the electronic control unit 49 from the various sensors 50-58 described above, the information obtained based on these signals, and the information based on input from an external (user) source obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., can also be referred to as input units that receive input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted via the communication module 60 can also contain information based on the aforementioned inputs.

[0568] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, workshop information, etc.) sent from external devices and displays it on the vehicle's information service unit 59. The information service unit 59 can also be referred to as an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or the data / information decoded from the PDSCH).

[0569] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various types of information received from external devices into a memory 62 that can be utilized by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 can also control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, gear shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, and various sensors 50-58, etc., of the vehicle 40.

[0570] Furthermore, the base station in this disclosure can also be rewritten as a user terminal. For example, various methods / implementations of this disclosure can be applied to structures where communication between the base station and the user terminal is replaced by communication between multiple user terminals (e.g., also referred to as device-to-device (D2D) or vehicle-to-everything (V2X)). In this case, it can also be configured such that the user terminal 20 has the functions of the base station 10 described above. In addition, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" can be rewritten as terms corresponding to inter-terminal communication (e.g., "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., can also be rewritten as sidelink channel.

[0571] Similarly, the user terminal in this disclosure can also be rewritten as a base station. In this case, it can also be configured such that the base station 10 has the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0572] In this disclosure, operations are assumed to be performed by the base station, and sometimes, depending on the circumstances, by its upper node. In a network containing one or more network nodes having a base station, the various operations performed for communication with a terminal can obviously be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (e.g., considering a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or combinations thereof.

[0573] The various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can be used individually or in combination, and can be switched as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, timing sequences, flowcharts, etc., of the various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can be rearranged as long as they do not contradict each other. For example, for the method described in this disclosure, the illustrated order is used to indicate various steps, but the order in which they are indicated is not limited.

[0574] The various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can also be applied to Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG, where x is, for example, an integer or a decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New Radio Access (NX), Futuregeneration Radio Access (FX), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE This includes 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-Wideband (UWB)), Bluetooth (registered trademark), systems utilizing other suitable wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems derived from, modified, generated, or specified based on these methods. Furthermore, multiple systems can be combined (e.g., LTE or LTE-A, combinations with 5G, etc.) for application.

[0575] As used in this disclosure, the term "based on" does not mean "based on only" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the term "based on" means both "based on only" and "based on at least".

[0576] Any reference to an element using the designations "first," "second," etc., as used in this disclosure does not comprehensively limit the quantity or order of these elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Therefore, reference to the first and second elements does not imply that only two elements may be used, or that the first element must take precedence over the second element in some form.

[0577] The term "determining" as used in this disclosure can encompass a wide variety of operations. For example, "determining" can also refer to judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (search, inquiry) (e.g., searching in a table, database or other data structure), and ascertaining.

[0578] In addition, "judgment (decision)" can also refer to receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), inputting, outputting, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc., as situations where "judgment (decision)" is performed.

[0579] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can also refer to situations where resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, or comparing are considered as making a "judgment (decision)". That is, "judgment (decision)" can also refer to certain operations as making a "judgment (decision)". In this disclosure, "judgment (decision)" can also be rewritten in relation to the operations described above.

[0580] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" can also be interchanged with "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," "consider / considering," etc. Additionally, in this disclosure, "not assuming to proceed..." can also be interchanged with "assuming not to proceed..."

[0581] In this disclosure, "expect" can also be interchanged with "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." (where "..." can also be expressed using a that clause, to infinitive, etc.) can also be interchanged with "be expected ...." "Does not expect..." can also be interchanged with "be not expected...". Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected..." can also be interchanged with "Apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect..." (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B can also be a base station).

[0582] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may refer to the maximum value of the transmit power, the nominal maximum transmit power (the nominal UE maximum transmit power), or the rated maximum transmit power (the rated UE maximum transmit power).

[0583] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” or all variations thereof, refer to all direct or indirect connections or combinations between two or more elements, and can include cases where there is one or more intermediate elements between two mutually “connected” or “coupled” elements. The connections or combinations between elements can be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” can also be rewritten as “access.”

[0584] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, it is possible to consider using more than one wire, cable, printed electrical connection, etc. to be "connected" or "combined" with each other, and as several non-limiting and non-exclusive examples, to use electromagnetic energy with wavelengths having wireless frequency domain, microwave region, light (both visible and invisible) region to be "connected" or "combined" with each other.

[0585] In this disclosure, the term "A is different from B" can also mean "A and B are different from each other." Additionally, the term can also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combined" can also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0586] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms, like the term "comprising," mean inclusive. Furthermore, the term "or" as used in this disclosure does not mean XOR.

[0587] In this disclosure, for example, in cases where articles are added through translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may also include cases where the noun following these articles is in a plural form.

[0588] In this disclosure, words such as "below," "less than," "above," "more than," and "equal to" can be interchanged. Furthermore, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "large," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow," etc., are not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, and can be interchanged. Additionally, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "large," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow," etc., as expressions with "i" appended (i being any integer), are not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, and can be interchanged (for example, "highest" can also be interchanged with "i-th highest").

[0589] In this disclosure, "of", "for", "regarding", "related to", "associated with", etc., can also be rewritten interchangeably.

[0590] In this disclosure, phrases such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "based on A", "B during / while A", "before A", "at the same time as / on A", "after A", "since A", and "until A" can be rewritten interchangeably. Furthermore, A and B can be replaced with nouns, gerunds, or ordinary sentences, depending on the context. Additionally, the time difference between A and B can be approximately 0 (immediately following or immediately preceding). Moreover, a time offset can be applied to the time A occurs. For example, "A" can be rewritten interchangeably with "before / after the time offset of A". This time offset (e.g., more than one symbol / slot) can be predetermined or determined by the UE based on the information it is notified of.

[0591] In this disclosure, timing, moment, time, time instance, arbitrary time unit (e.g., time slot, sub-time slot, symbol, subframe), period, opportunity, resource, etc., can also be overridden.

[0592] The inventions disclosed herein have been described in detail above. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the inventions disclosed herein are not limited to the embodiments described herein. The description herein is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the inventions disclosed herein in any way.

Claims

1. A base station, having: a reception unit that receives, via an object, an uplink (UL) sensing resource transmitted from a terminal; and a control unit that controls measurement of the UL sensing resource.

2. The base station according to claim 1, wherein the base station further has a transmission unit that transmits at least one of a cell ID, a timing advance, an angle of arrival, a reference signal received power RSRP, a reference signal received quality RSRQ, a received signal strength indicator RSSI, an absolute radio frequency channel number ARFCN, a timing information of a cell, a transmission / reception point TRP, or an RS, a setting of a sensing RS of a DL or an UL of a cell or a TRP, a time difference between reception and transmission, a time stamp, a quality of each measurement, beam information of each measurement, line of sight LOS information, non-line of sight NLOS information, as a direct measurement result of the measurement.

3. The base station according to claim 1, wherein the control unit implements the measurement corresponding to a use case.

4. The base station according to claim 1, wherein the control unit implements the measurement corresponding to a use case, the base station further has a transmission unit that transmits, in one bundle, the direct measurement result of the measurement and a measurement result corresponding to a use case.

5. A wireless communication method of a base station, having: a step of receiving, via an object, an uplink (UL) sensing resource transmitted from a terminal; and a step of controlling measurement of the UL sensing resource.

6. A terminal, having: a transmission unit that transmits, via an object, an uplink (UL) sensing resource to a base station; and a control unit that controls reception of a measurement result of the UL sensing resource.

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