Kiwi fruit seedling raising method

Abstract

The invention provides a kiwi fruit seedling raising method which comprises the following steps: S1, soaking kiwi fruit seeds in a gibberellin solution, performing ultrasonic treatment at the same time, fishing out the kiwi fruit seeds, and airing the kiwi fruit seeds; s2, the aired kiwi fruit seeds are placed in an environment with the temperature being 25-28 DEG C and the humidity being 75-85%, and after the kiwi fruit seeds germinate, germinated kiwi fruit seeds are obtained; s3, placing the germinated kiwi fruit seeds in a seedbed for cultivation. When the kiwi fruit seeds are treated, ultrasonic treatment and gibberellin solution soaking are adopted, and mechanical vibration and cavitation effect generated by ultrasonic waves can destroy wax coats and seed coat structures on the surfaces of the seeds, so that gibberellin can enter the seeds more easily, and the absorption efficiency of cells to hormones is improved. Ultrasonic waves can activate enzyme activity in the seeds, accelerate physiological and biochemical reactions, and form a synergistic effect with gibberellin (breaking dormancy and promoting germination), thereby being more beneficial to breaking dormancy of the seeds and promoting growth of embryos.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of planting, and particularly relates to a method for kiwi seedling raising. BACKGROUND

[0002] The kiwi seed has a long dormancy period. According to the conventional seedling raising method, the seed is soaked in warm water at 45 DEG C for 24 hours, and then mixed with wet sand for stratification treatment for 100-120 days to break the dormancy. The treated seed is sowed in the following spring to cultivate seedlings. The conventional kiwi seedling raising technology needs stratification treatment, which is time-consuming and has strict requirements on temperature, humidity and time. If the treatment is improper, the germination rate is low. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the defects in the prior art, the application provides a method for kiwi seedling raising. In the kiwi seed breeding, the seed is soaked in a gibberellin solution and simultaneously subjected to ultrasonic treatment, so that the germination rate of the kiwi seed is improved.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the following technical scheme is adopted in the application. The application provides a method for kiwi seedling raising, which comprises the following steps: S1, soaking the kiwi seed in a gibberellin solution and simultaneously subjecting the seed to ultrasonic treatment, and then taking out and drying the seed; S2, placing the dried kiwi seed in an environment with a temperature of 25-28 DEG C and a humidity of 75-85%, and obtaining the germinated kiwi seed after the seed germinates; S3, placing the germinated kiwi seed in a seedbed for cultivation.

[0005] It should be noted that in some embodiments, the intelligent temperature and humidity control equipment is used to maintain the appropriate temperature and humidity of the kiwi seed during the cultivation. The Internet of Things intelligent seedbed is built, and the temperature and humidity of the seedbed are accurately controlled in real time through the temperature and humidity sensor. When the temperature and humidity deviates from the set value, the system automatically starts the heating, ventilation or spraying device to create the optimal environment for the seed germination and seedling growth.

[0006] Preferably, in step S1, the concentration of the gibberellin solution is 80-160 mg / L; and / or, In step S1, the frequency of the ultrasonic treatment is 20-40 kHz, and the time is 20-40 min.

[0007] Preferably, in step S3, the biochar composite seedling raising substrate is used as the seedbed, and the biochar composite seedling raising substrate comprises biochar, vermiculite and grass carbon.

[0008] Preferably, the biochar composite seedling substrate further comprises Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, and the biochar composite seedling substrate contains 50-100 g of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent per cubic meter.

[0009] Preferably, in step S3, the specific steps of cultivating the germinated kiwi seeds are as follows: the germinated kiwi seeds are sowed on the seedbed, then a layer of biochar composite seedling substrate is covered, and finally a layer of preservative film is covered.

[0010] Preferably, in step S3, the seedlings are cultivated to a height of 30-40 cm, and the seedlings are transplanted when the stems are semi-lignified.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects: (1) In the present application, the seed is treated by ultrasonic treatment and gibberellin solution soaking. The mechanical vibration and cavitation effect of ultrasonic waves can destroy the wax layer and seed coat structure on the surface of the seed, so that the gibberellin can more easily enter the seed, and the absorption efficiency of the cell to the hormone is improved. The ultrasonic waves can activate the enzyme activity in the seed, accelerate the physiological and biochemical reactions, and form a synergistic effect with the action of gibberellin (breaking dormancy and promoting germination), which is more conducive to breaking seed dormancy and promoting embryo growth.

[0012] (2) In the present application, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is added to the seedling substrate during sowing, which can promote the growth and health of the seedlings through multiple effects. On the one hand, it can decompose the difficult-to-utilize organic matter in the substrate and convert it into small-molecule nutrients such as amino acids and sugars, thereby improving the availability of nutrients. At the same time, it can secrete substances such as auxin and cytokinin to stimulate root growth and enhance the seedling's ability to absorb water and nutrients, thereby promoting the healthy development of the seedlings. On the other hand, the bacteria can produce antibiotic substances such as lipopeptide antibiotics to inhibit pathogenic fungi such as Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium, and can also induce the plant to activate the defense mechanism and enhance the disease resistance, thereby reducing the occurrence of diseases. In addition, it can regulate the balance of microbial communities in the substrate, inhibit harmful bacteria, promote the activity of beneficial bacteria, and improve the structure of the substrate through the production of sticky substances, thereby increasing the air permeability and creating a good environment for seedling growth. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can more clearly understand the present application.

[0014] Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent: purchased from Nanjing Selt Biotechnology Co., Ltd., effective viable count ≥2×10 10 CFU / g.

[0015] Example 1 The embodiment provides a method for breeding kiwi fruit, which comprises the following steps: placing kiwi fruit seeds in a 100 mg / L gibberellin solution, combining, and treating the seeds with 30 kHz ultrasonic waves for 40 minutes. The seeds are taken out, washed, and dried. The seeds are wrapped with wet gauze and placed in a shallow dish. The seeds are placed in an environment with a temperature of 25-28 DEG C, avoiding direct sunlight, and washed with clean water once a day to keep the gauze wet and ventilated (the humidity is maintained within the range of 75-85%). When 1 / 3 of the seeds are white, the germination time is counted. After 28 days of culture, the germination rate is counted.

[0016] Embodiment 2 The embodiment provides a method for breeding kiwi fruit, which comprises the following steps: placing kiwi fruit seeds in a 150 mg / L gibberellin solution, combining, and treating the seeds with 30 kHz ultrasonic waves for 25 minutes. The seeds are taken out, washed, and dried. The seeds are wrapped with wet gauze and placed in a shallow dish. The seeds are placed in an environment with a temperature of 25-28 DEG C, avoiding direct sunlight, and washed with clean water once a day to keep the gauze wet and ventilated (the humidity is maintained within the range of 75-85%). When 1 / 3 of the seeds are white, the germination time is counted. After 28 days of culture, the germination rate is counted.

[0017] Embodiment 3 The embodiment provides a method for breeding kiwi fruit seedlings, which comprises the following steps: preparing a seedbed by using a biochar composite seedling substrate, mixing biochar, vermiculite and grass carbon at a ratio of 1:2:3, and adding 50 g of a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent to each cubic meter of the substrate. The seeds treated in the embodiment 1 are uniformly sown on the seedbed, 1 cm thick seedling substrate is covered, and a film is covered for moisture retention. After germination, the film is removed in time, and thinning and fixing of seedlings are performed, and an appropriate spacing (15-20 cm) is maintained, and watering and fertilizing are performed regularly, and weeding and pest control are performed well. The specific steps are as follows: the temperature is maintained at 20-25 DEG C during the day and 15-18 DEG C at night, and the seedbed is watered 1-2 times a week, and the seedbed is watered when it is dry. In the first month, a shading net with a shading rate of 50% is used for shading, and after one month, the length of light is gradually increased, and the shading net is collected before 9 o'clock in the morning and after 5 o'clock in the afternoon. After two months, the shading net is gradually removed, and shading is only performed at 11 o'clock in the morning to 3 o'clock in the afternoon. The watering standard is that the seedling substrate is kept moist but not heavy, and the seedling substrate is kneaded into a ball, and the ball is loose and touches the seedling substrate. The seedbed is watered 1-2 times a week according to the principle of 'wet when dry'. No fertilizer is applied within one month after germination. After one month, dilute nitrogen fertilizer (such as 0.1% urea solution) is applied, 1 time every 2 weeks, and a small amount of water is poured each time to avoid splashing on the leaves. After two months of germination, when the leaves are more than 4, balanced compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio 1:1:1, diluted to 0.1% concentration) is applied, 1 time every 2-3 weeks. After 90 days, the seedling rate, seedling height, seedling diameter, leaf number and disease incidence are counted.

[0018] Embodiment 4 The embodiment provides a method for kiwi seedling raising, which is the same as that in embodiment 3, except that 100 g of bacillus amyloliquefaciens inoculum is added per cubic meter of substrate.

[0019] Comparative example 1 The comparative example provides a method for kiwi seedling raising, which is the same as that in embodiment 2, except that the seed is not subjected to ultrasonic treatment, and is placed in the gibberellin solution for 30 min.

[0020] Comparative example 2 The comparative example provides a method for kiwi seedling raising, which is the same as that in embodiment 1, except that the seed is not subjected to ultrasonic treatment, and is placed in the gibberellin solution for 30 min.

[0021] Comparative example 3 The comparative example provides a method for kiwi seedling raising, which is the same as that in embodiment 1, except that the gibberellin solution is replaced by distilled water.

[0022] Comparative example 4 The comparative example provides a method for kiwi seedling raising, which is the same as that in embodiment 1, except that the gibberellin solution is replaced by distilled water, and the ultrasonic treatment time is 20 min.

[0023] Comparative example 5 The comparative example provides a method for kiwi seedling raising, which is the same as that in embodiment 1, except that the seed is first soaked in the gibberellin solution for 25 min, and then subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 25 min.

[0024] Comparative example 6 The comparative example provides a method for kiwi seedling raising, which is the same as that in embodiment 1, except that the seed is subjected to 30 kHz ultrasonic treatment for 25 min, and then soaked in 100 mg / L gibberellin solution for 25 min.

[0025] Comparative example 7 The comparative example provides a method for kiwi seedling raising, which is the same as that in embodiment 1, except that the seed is soaked in sterile distilled water for 40 min.

[0026] Comparative example 8 The comparative example provides a method for kiwi seedling raising, which is the same as that in embodiment 3, except that 20 g of bacillus amyloliquefaciens inoculum is added per cubic meter of substrate.

[0027] Comparative example 9 The comparative example provides a method for kiwi seedling raising, which is the same as that in embodiment 3, except that 200 g of bacillus amyloliquefaciens inoculum is added per cubic meter of substrate.

[0028] Comparative Example 10 The present comparative example provides a method for breeding kiwifruit, and the specific method is the same as that of Example 3, except that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens inoculant is not added.

[0029] Performance test and results 1. The germination time and germination rate of the seeds obtained by breeding of Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-7 were counted, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0030] Table 1

[0031] Conclusion: Examples 1-2 have early germination time and high germination rate, and Comparative Example 7 has the latest germination time and the lowest germination rate. Comparative Examples 1-4 have relatively late germination time and low germination rate, indicating that the use of gibberellin or ultrasonic treatment alone has weak effect on promoting seed germination. Comparative Example 6 is better than Comparative Example 5, indicating that the effect of using ultrasonic treatment first and then soaking with gibberellin is better, but compared with the use of gibberellin and ultrasonic treatment at the same time, the effect is slightly worse. The use of gibberellin and ultrasonic treatment at the same time can greatly shorten the seed germination time and improve the germination rate.

[0032] 2. The seedling rate (%), seedling height / cm, seedling thickness / cm, leaf number per plant, and disease incidence (%) data of Examples 3-4 and Comparative Examples 8-10 are shown in Table 2.

[0033] Table 2

[0034] Conclusion: Examples 3-4 have high seedling rate, healthy seedlings, fast growth, and low disease incidence. Reducing the dosage of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens inoculant, the effect of Comparative Example 8 is relatively decreased. Increasing the dosage of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens inoculant, the effect of Comparative Example 9 is also decreased. Comparative Example 10 does not use Bacillus amyloliquefaciens inoculant, and the seedling rate and growth are relatively general.

[0035] In the present application, other raw materials or structures not specifically described are already present in the prior art and can be directly purchased from the market.

[0036] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not used to limit the protection scope of the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating kiwifruit seedlings, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Soak kiwi seeds in gibberellin solution, and then treat them with ultrasound. After that, take them out and dry them. S2. Place the dried kiwi seeds in an environment with a temperature of 25-28℃ and a humidity of 75-85% until the kiwi seeds germinate, and obtain the germinated kiwi seeds. S3. Place the germinated kiwi seeds in a seedbed for cultivation.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the concentration of the gibberellin solution is 80-160 mg / L; and / or, In step S1, the frequency of ultrasonic treatment is 20-40 kHz and the time is 20-40 min.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, a biochar composite seedling substrate is used as the seedbed. The biochar composite seedling substrate includes biochar, vermiculite, and peat moss.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The biochar composite seedling substrate also includes Bacillus amyloliquefaciens inoculant, with 50-100g of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens inoculant per cubic meter of biochar composite seedling substrate.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S3, the specific steps for cultivating the germinated kiwifruit seeds are as follows: the germinated kiwifruit seeds are sown on the seedbed, then covered with a layer of biochar composite seedling substrate, and finally covered with a layer of plastic wrap.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in In step S3, when the seedlings grow to a height of 30-40cm and their stems are semi-lignified, they can be transplanted from the seedbed for planting.

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