Multisource coupling microwave reactor based on phase superposition strategy

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of microwave reactors, in particular to a multi-source coupling microwave reactor based on a phase superposition strategy, the microwave reactor comprises a reaction structure, a temperature control unit, a shell structure and a pipeline structure, the reaction structure comprises a reaction tube and a catalyst bed layer arranged in an inner cavity of the reaction tube; the temperature control unit comprises a plurality of microwave source groups and a phase and power regulation and control module electrically connected with the microwave source groups, and the microwave source groups are uniformly distributed outside the reaction tube corresponding to the catalyst bed layer area; according to the invention, the power and phase scanning technology in the phased array radar is applied to the field of microwave chemical industry for the first time, and accurate regulation and control of the energy state of the electromagnetic field in the reaction cavity are realized through multi-microwave-source phased array type layout and cooperative control. The problems of poor uniformity, low energy efficiency, dependence on mechanical motion and the like in a traditional heating mode are effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen storage and release technology, and in particular to a multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on a phase superposition strategy. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen energy is considered an important component of the future energy system due to its clean, efficient, and sustainable characteristics. Liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) technology can achieve safe and efficient storage and release of hydrogen through reversible hydrogenation / dehydrogenation reactions. It also has advantages such as high hydrogen storage density, convenient transportation, and utilization of existing petrochemical infrastructure, and is considered an ideal method for hydrogen storage and transportation.

[0003] Currently, catalytic dehydrogenation processes on liquid organic hydrogen supports largely rely on traditional heating methods, primarily through thermal radiation and conduction. These methods suffer from slow heating, low energy efficiency, and uneven temperature distribution, making it difficult to simultaneously meet the temperature, efficiency, and uniformity requirements of the dehydrogenation reaction, and also resulting in high energy consumption. Microwave heating technology, as a novel energy supply method, exhibits significant advantages in catalytic dehydrogenation reactions due to its selective heating, high energy efficiency, and fast response speed. Compared to traditional external heating methods, microwaves can directly act on the catalyst bed, avoiding energy loss during heat conduction, thereby improving reaction efficiency and reducing energy consumption.

[0004] Traditional microwave reactors often employ mechanical rotation to improve heating uniformity. However, this method relies on complex rotating mechanisms, requires high system sealing, and carries the risk of leakage. Furthermore, limitations in the range and method of speed adjustment make it difficult to completely eliminate localized overheating or underheating zones within the reactor, resulting in insufficient temperature uniformity and process stability, thus hindering its industrial-scale application.

[0005] Therefore, how to achieve uniform spatial distribution and energy superposition of microwave fields, thereby improving the heating uniformity and energy efficiency of the reactor, is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those in the field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this section is to outline some aspects of embodiments of the present invention and to briefly describe some preferred embodiments. Simplifications or omissions may be made in this section, as well as in the abstract and title of this application, to avoid obscuring the purpose of these documents; however, such simplifications or omissions should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0007] In view of the problems existing in the multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on the phase superposition strategy, the present invention is proposed.

[0008] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on a phase superposition strategy, which aims to solve the problems of poor uniformity, low energy efficiency, and reliance on mechanical moving parts for control in existing traditional reactor heating methods.

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on a phase superposition strategy. The microwave reactor includes a reaction structure, a temperature control unit, a shell structure, and a pipeline structure. The reaction structure includes a reaction tube and a catalyst bed disposed in the inner cavity of the reaction tube. The temperature control unit includes a plurality of microwave source groups and a phase and power control module electrically connected thereto. Each microwave source group is uniformly distributed outside the reaction tube corresponding to the catalyst bed region.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on the phase superposition strategy described in this invention, wherein: the phase and power control module controls each of the microwave source groups based on the phase superposition strategy, the phase superposition strategy including: The phase of each microwave source group is configured using a phase control algorithm; Modulate the waveforms of each microwave source and precisely control the time delay of each microwave source waveform; Closed-loop control is achieved based on multi-point temperature detection; Temperature uniformity is dynamically optimized by calculating the temperature variation coefficient in real time.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on the phase superposition strategy described in this invention, the closed-loop control based on multi-point temperature detection includes using an incremental PID algorithm for adjustment. When a temperature deviation is detected, the parameters are adjusted according to the following priorities: ① adjusting the phase offset; ② adjusting the power distribution ratio; ③ adjusting the modulation parameters.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on the phase superposition strategy described in this invention, the dynamic optimization of field temperature uniformity includes the following optimization measures: ① adjusting waveguide spacing; ② adjusting amplitude taper; ③ adjusting phase quantization accuracy.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on the phase superposition strategy described in this invention, the phase superposition strategy further includes an anomaly handling mechanism, which includes: ① single-source fault detection; ② temperature gradient alarm; ③ phase lockout protection.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on the phase superposition strategy described in this invention, the catalyst bed is located in the middle region of the inner cavity of the reaction tube, dividing the reaction tube into two parts. A feed channel is formed in the upper tube of the catalyst bed, and a discharge channel is formed in the lower tube of the catalyst bed. The catalyst bed is filled with a mixture of microwave absorbing catalyst and microwave absorbing medium, and is filled in a structured partitioning manner.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on the phase superposition strategy described in this invention, it further includes a shell structure, which includes an outer shell and an upper sealing cover disposed on the top of the outer shell and a lower sealing cover disposed on the bottom.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on the phase superposition strategy of the present invention, the reaction structure is disposed in the middle of the inner cavity of the outer shell, and the microwave source group is uniformly disposed on the outside of the outer shell; the inner cavity of the outer shell is filled with thermal insulation material, and the thermal insulation material wraps the outer wall of the reaction tube.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on the phase superposition strategy described in this invention, the temperature control unit further includes a plurality of temperature sensors, each of which is distributed on the inner sidewall of the reaction chamber.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on the phase superposition strategy described in this invention, it further includes: a pipeline structure, including a feed pipe and a discharge pipe, one end of the feed pipe penetrating the upper sidewall of the outer shell and communicating with the feed channel, and one end of the discharge pipe penetrating the lower sidewall of the outer shell and communicating with the discharge channel.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1) This invention draws on the concept of phased array radar technology and proposes for the first time a multi-microwave source "phased array" superposition and control method. By replacing mechanical stirring or rotation with electronic phase scanning, it realizes the dynamic optimization and uniform distribution of electromagnetic field without moving parts, thereby improving the system's sealing performance, reliability and control accuracy. 2) Through the multi-source static-dynamic coupling mechanism, the power and phase configuration can be adaptively adjusted according to the dielectric properties of the material and the reaction process, which significantly improves the energy absorption efficiency and heating uniformity, and overcomes the phenomenon of insufficient heating or overheating caused by changes in material properties in the traditional method. 3) It has multiple waveform outputs and programmable control capabilities, which can flexibly match the process requirements of different reaction stages, enhancing process adaptability and energy efficiency. 4) The overall structure is highly modular and easy to scale up and integrate, providing an efficient, stable and uniform microwave reaction platform for high-requirement chemical reactions such as liquid organic hydrogen storage carriers.

[0020] This scheme is based on a multi-source coupled microwave reactor with a phase superposition strategy. It has the advantages of good electromagnetic field uniformity, high energy utilization efficiency, flexible control and compact structure. It is particularly suitable for chemical processes such as catalytic dehydrogenation where the temperature distribution consistency is strictly required. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the reaction structure of the multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on the phase superposition strategy of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the phase superposition strategy control method for a multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on the phase superposition strategy of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal planar structure of the multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on the phase superposition strategy of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall external structure of the multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on the phase superposition strategy of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a top view of the multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on the phase superposition strategy of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a partial cross-sectional three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on the phase superposition strategy of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the phase scanning time-power relationship of a phased array microwave source in an embodiment of the present invention (square wave modulation).

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution structure of each microwave source group in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0031] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0032] Secondly, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the schematic diagrams. When detailing the embodiments of the present invention, for ease of explanation, the cross-sectional views illustrating the device structure may be partially enlarged, not according to the usual scale. Furthermore, the schematic diagrams are merely examples and should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, actual fabrication should include three-dimensional spatial dimensions of length, width, and depth.

[0033] Reference Figures 1-6 In one embodiment of the present invention, a multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on a phase superposition strategy is provided. This microwave reactor includes a reaction structure 100, a temperature control unit 200, a shell structure 300, and a pipeline structure 400. The reaction structure 100 is the main area where the hydrogen release reaction occurs, and the reaction takes place inside it. The temperature control unit 200 is used to supply heat and regulate the temperature of the hydrogen release reaction process. The shell structure 300 is used to house the reaction structure 100, the temperature control unit 200, and the pipeline structure 400, which facilitates the overall reaction.

[0034] Specifically, in combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 The reaction structure 100 includes a reaction tube 101 and a catalyst bed 102 disposed in the inner cavity of the reaction tube 101. Further, the reaction tube 101 is made of microwave-transparent quartz or high-purity alumina ceramic, and the tube body is hollow with openings at both ends. The catalyst bed 102 is located in the middle of the reaction tube 101, preferably at the exact center of the axial direction. The overall outer diameter of the catalyst bed 102 is the same as the inner diameter of the reaction tube 101, that is, the catalyst bed 102 divides the inner cavity of the reaction tube 101 into two parts, forming upper and lower cavity channels. Specifically, a feed channel 101a is formed in the upper tube body of the catalyst bed 102, and a discharge channel 101b is formed in the lower tube body of the catalyst bed 102.

[0035] Furthermore, the catalyst bed 102 is filled with a mixture of microwave absorbing catalyst and microwave absorbing medium, and is filled in a structured, partitioned manner. Specifically, the catalyst bed 102 is a bed in which a strong microwave absorbing catalyst or a weak microwave absorbing catalyst is uniformly mixed with a strong microwave absorbing medium; wherein the microwave absorbing catalyst may be alumina; the strong microwave absorbing medium includes one or more of foamed silicon carbide, activated carbon beads, and silicon carbide ceramics, used to enhance microwave absorption and conversion efficiency.

[0036] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 The temperature control unit 200 includes several microwave source groups 201 and a phase and power control module 202 electrically connected to them. Each microwave source group 201 is evenly distributed outside the reaction tube 101 corresponding to the catalyst bed 102 region.

[0037] Specifically, a multi-microwave source system is formed by several microwave source groups 201. Each microwave source group 201 consists of an independently controlled microwave generator A and a matching waveguide B. The microwave source groups 201 are uniformly distributed along the outer circumference of the reaction tube 101. Preferably, the operating frequency of the microwave generator A is 2450MHz or 915MHz. The waveguide B is a standard BJ26 rectangular waveguide, which can be installed vertically or horizontally.

[0038] The phase and power control module 202 is electrically connected to each microwave source group 201. It has a built-in programmable logic controller and can independently adjust the output phase, output period and power of each microwave source group 201 according to a preset program. The power output mode includes one or more modulated waveforms such as square wave, full wave, triangular wave, rectangular wave, half wave and sawtooth wave. It is coupled into the cavity of the reaction tube 101 through waveguide B to realize the coherent superposition of microwaves and the stepless adjustable beam scanning speed, thereby forming a uniformly distributed electromagnetic field in the catalyst bed 102, which is suitable for catalytic reaction processes with strict temperature distribution requirements.

[0039] Furthermore, to achieve precise control of the reaction temperature, a temperature monitoring system is constructed by adding multiple temperature sensors 203. Each temperature sensor 203 can be one or more of thermocouples, infrared temperature sensors, or fiber optic temperature sensors. The probes of each type of temperature sensor 203 extend from the detection hole K opened in the reactor shell and are distributed in the cavity of the reaction tube 101. This allows for real-time acquisition of temperature signals at different locations in the catalyst bed 102, which are then fed back to the phase and power control module 202 to form a closed-loop control, thereby achieving precise control of the reaction temperature.

[0040] Furthermore, the phase and power control module 202 controls each microwave source group 201 based on a phase superposition strategy, combined with... Figure 2 As shown, the phase superposition strategy includes: 1. Configure the phase of each microwave source group 201 using a phase control algorithm; The phase control algorithm includes a circumferential array phase configuration with equal spacing, where each microwave source group 201 is evenly distributed in a circular array, and the interval between adjacent microwave sources is set to a fixed phase difference Δφ. When n microwave source groups 201 are distributed with equal spacing in a circumferential array, Δφ = 360° / n. For example, when 5 groups are used, they are distributed in a regular pentagonal shape, and Δφ = 360° / 5 = 72°.

[0041] The phase distribution angle of each microwave source is calculated using the following formula: φ_n = (n-1)×72°, n=1, 2, 3, 4, 5; this configuration ensures that at least three microwave sources are in a high-power output state at any given time, forming a stable interference field pattern.

[0042] 2. Modulate the waveforms of each microwave source and precisely control the time delay of each source waveform; The modulated waveform may include one or more modulated waveforms such as square wave, full wave, triangular wave, rectangular wave, half wave, and sawtooth wave. Preferably, each microwave source adopts synchronous square wave modulation with the following modulation parameters: period: T=2s, duty cycle: D=50%, rise time: t_r≤100 ms, fall time: t_f≤100 ms. By precisely controlling the time delay of each microwave source waveform (Δt=400 ms), the scanning effect of equivalent mechanical rotation is achieved.

[0043] 3. Closed-loop control is achieved based on multi-point temperature detection; Specifically, based on temperature feedback control logic, the reactor control system achieves closed-loop control based on multi-point temperature monitoring, wherein the sampling frequency is 2Hz, the control cycle is 500ms, and the temperature tolerance is ±5℃.

[0044] 4. Dynamically optimize temperature uniformity by calculating the coefficient of variation (COV) in real time. The coefficient of variation (COV) represents the uniformity of the temperature field. It is calculated by dividing the standard deviation of the temperature at each measurement point by the average temperature. The closer the coefficient of variation is to 0, the more uniform the temperature field.

[0045] ; In the formula, n is the number of temperature measurement points, T is the temperature of each temperature measurement point, and Ta is the average temperature.

[0046] The control algorithm employs incremental PID regulation. When a temperature deviation is detected, the parameters are adjusted according to the following priority: ① First, adjust the phase offset (in ±5° steps); ② Next, adjust the power distribution ratio (step ±100W); ③ Finally, adjust the modulation parameters (duty cycle ±5%).

[0047] Furthermore, to dynamically optimize temperature uniformity, based on the beamforming principle of phased array radar, the following optimization measures are adopted: ① Adjust the waveguide spacing; for example, waveguide spacing: d=λ / 2=61.2 mm (based on 2450 MHz frequency); ② Adjust the amplitude tapering; for example, the edge source power weighting coefficient is 0.8, and the center source coefficient is 1.0; ③ Adjust the phase quantization accuracy; such as ±1°.

[0048] The parameters mentioned above are optimized by calculating the temperature field uniformity in real time.

[0049] 5. The superposition strategy also incorporates an anomaly handling mechanism, namely, the reactor control system is equipped with multiple protection logics: ① Single-source fault detection: Through reflection power monitoring, the threshold is ≥20%; ②Temperature gradient alarm: Triggered adjustment when radial temperature difference > 15℃; ③ Phase lockout protection: Automatically reset when phase error > 10°.

[0050] The above strategies together constitute the reactor's multi-modal operation mode (soft start-up stage, steady-state operation stage, dynamic optimization stage, and full-process protection mode) and the power-phase-temperature triple closed-loop control system, realizing fully automatic and precise control from start-up and steady-state operation to dynamic optimization and safety monitoring.

[0051] Furthermore, regarding the microwave reactor itself, combined with Figures 4-6 It also includes a shell structure 300, through which all parts of the reactor are installed. Specifically, it includes an outer shell 301, an upper sealing cover 302 on the top of the outer shell 301, and a lower sealing cover 303 at the bottom.

[0052] The outer shell 301 is a regular hollow cylindrical structure with openings at both the top and bottom, which are sealed by the upper sealing cap 302 and the lower sealing cap 303. It should be noted that the regular shape can be understood as a regular polygonal structure or a circle, etc.

[0053] The reaction structure 100 is located in the middle of the inner cavity of the outer shell 301, and both ends of the reaction tube 101 are connected to the upper and lower openings of the outer shell 301. The insulation material 301a filling the inner cavity of the outer shell 301 completely covers the outer wall of the reaction tube 101, serving as insulation within the shell, reducing heat loss, and thus improving energy utilization. The insulation material 301a is a microwave-permeable insulation material, specifically alumina fiber, quartz fiber, aluminum silicate wool, or mullite fiber, etc.; mullite fiber is preferred.

[0054] Furthermore, the microwave source groups 201 are evenly arranged on the outside of the outer shell 301. For example, for a regular pentagonal outer shell 301, each microwave source group 201 is distributed on the middle sidewall of the five faces.

[0055] A pipeline structure 400 is also required to transport the reaction gas. Therefore, the pipeline structure 400 includes at least an inlet pipe 401 and an outlet pipe 402. One end of the inlet pipe 401 penetrates the upper side wall of the outer casing 301 and communicates with the inlet channel 101a for inputting gas. The other end is connected to the upstream liquid organic hydrogen carrier supply system, and a precision metering pump controls the inlet flow rate. One end of the outlet pipe 402 penetrates the lower side wall of the outer casing 301 and communicates with the outlet channel 101b for outputting gas. The other end is connected to the downstream gas-liquid separator and hydrogen purification device.

[0056] It should be noted that the selected liquid organic hydrogen storage carrier material is one or more of the following: toluene, benzene, benzyltoluene, perhydro-N-ethylcarbazole, methylpiperidine, etc.

[0057] Furthermore, the preferred reactor has a temperature range of 50~550℃ and a pressure range of 0.1~0.2 MPa.

[0058] For this microwave reactor, multiple microwave source groups 201 work collaboratively based on a phase superposition strategy, coupling microwave energy into the reaction chamber through waveguide B to form a uniformly distributed electromagnetic field. Liquid organic hydrogen storage carrier is continuously fed into the reaction tube 101 via feed pipe 401, where it undergoes a dehydrogenation reaction in the catalyst bed 102. During the reaction, multiple temperature sensors 203 monitor the temperature of the catalyst bed 102 in real time and feed the signals back to the phase and power control module 202. This module dynamically adjusts the output power and phase of each microwave source according to the temperature distribution, achieving closed-loop control of the reaction temperature and keeping the axial and radial temperature difference of the catalyst bed 102 within ±10℃. The generated hydrogen and unreacted materials collect at the lower end of the reaction tube 101 and are discharged through discharge pipe 402 into the downstream separation system.

[0059] Throughout the process, the microwave coupling strategy based on the phased array principle ensured the uniform distribution of the electromagnetic field within the reactor, achieving efficient and uniform heating without the need for mechanical rotation.

[0060] Example

[0061] Reference Figures 1-8 In one embodiment of the present invention, a multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on a phase superposition strategy is used to verify catalytic dehydrogenation for hydrogen production. First, the microwave reactor described in the above embodiment is constructed, and its control system employs a multi-modal operation strategy and triple closed-loop control logic.

[0062] In this embodiment, the inlet material is a mixture of methylcyclohexane and hydrogen vapor.

[0063] Specifically, the outer shell 301 of the microwave reactor is a hollow regular pentagonal prism with a side length of 136 mm. Five microwave source groups 201 are evenly distributed along the circumferential sidewalls of the shell. The operating frequency of the microwave sources is 2450 MHz, and the maximum output power of a single microwave source is 1 kW. The waveguides are BJ26 rectangular waveguides with dimensions of 86 × 43 × 100 mm. It should be noted that the five microwave source groups 201 are not orthogonally arranged. Although they are evenly distributed on the regular pentagonal prism shell, the waveguides B of two adjacent microwave sources are installed horizontally, while the waveguides B of the remaining microwave sources are installed vertically. (See attached diagram) Figure 8 As shown, they are represented in clockwise order as ①, ②, ③, ④, and ⑤.

[0064] The reaction tube 101 is made of quartz, with a length of 1200 mm, an outer diameter of 180 mm, and a wall thickness of 4 mm. A catalyst bed 102 is packed in the middle of the tube. The catalyst uses commercial alumina as a carrier and is impregnated with a platinum-tin bimetallic active component (Pt loading 0.5 wt%, Sn loading 0.8 wt%). The catalyst and strong absorbing medium are packed in sections: a mixture of platinum-based catalyst, silicon nitride, and quartz sand in a mass ratio of 1:1:2 is packed near the center of the reactor; a mixture of platinum-based catalyst and silicon nitride in a mass ratio of 1:3 is packed near the tube wall. The catalyst particle size is 0.1 mm, and the bed bulk density is 1400 kg / m³. 3 .

[0065] The reaction tube is covered with 50 mm thick mullite fiber insulation material 301a, which has a thermal conductivity of 0.15 W / (m·K), effectively reducing heat loss.

[0066] A phase superposition strategy is employed to coordinate the operation of the five microwave source groups 201. Each microwave source uses a square wave modulation mode, such as... Figure 7 As shown, with a period of 10 seconds, a duty cycle of 50%, and a fixed phase difference of 72° between adjacent microwave sources, coherent superposition and dynamic scanning of electromagnetic fields are achieved. The system collects temperature data every 500 milliseconds and dynamically adjusts its operating status.

[0067] The inlet material of feed pipe 401 is a mixture of methylcyclohexane and hydrogen vapor, with a composition of 63.6% methylcyclohexane and 36.4% hydrogen. The mass hourly space velocity (HSV) of methylcyclohexane is 6 h⁻¹. -1 The gas feed temperature was 150 ℃, the microwave frequency was 2.45 GHz, the total microwave input power was 3 kW, the reaction temperature was 350 ℃, and the reaction pressure was 0.1 MPa.

[0068] In actual operation, the five microwave source groups 201 based on the phase superposition strategy work collaboratively using phase modulation, with a 2s phase difference between each source. Square wave modulation is used to achieve a uniform distribution of the electromagnetic field within the reaction space. The raw material, methylcyclohexane, enters the reaction tube 101 through the inlet pipe 401 and undergoes a dehydrogenation reaction in the catalyst bed 102. The hydrogen gas produced by the dehydrogenation reaction and unreacted materials are discharged through the outlet pipe 402 and enter the subsequent purification system.

[0069] Specifically, the control process for this microwave reactor is as follows: Start-up process: The reactor control system first enters Mode I (soft start-up stage). The central microwave source starts first, and 2 seconds later, the other four microwave sources start sequentially with a 72° phase difference; this effectively avoids local overheating of the catalyst bed caused by uneven instantaneous establishment of the electromagnetic field.

[0070] Steady-state control: Then, the system enters Mode II (steady-state operation phase). Based on real-time data from five temperature sensors 203, the system samples at a frequency of 2Hz and uses an incremental PID algorithm for closed-loop control. The control cycle is 500ms, and the temperature tolerance is ±5℃. When a temperature deviation is detected, adjustments are made according to the priority order of "phase offset → power allocation → modulation parameters".

[0071] Dynamic optimization: During operation, the system continuously calculates the temperature uniformity index and automatically enters mode III (dynamic optimization stage). By fine-tuning the phase and amplitude taper between waveguides, it ensures that the axial and radial temperature difference of the entire catalyst bed 102 is controlled within ±10℃.

[0072] Safety monitoring: Throughout the experiment, Mode IV (protection mode) was constantly monitored in the background. The experiment simulated a single microwave source failure (excessive reflected power). The system successfully isolated the faulty source within 100ms and redistributed its power to the other four microwave sources according to a preset ratio. The reaction temperature fluctuation in reaction tube 101 was less than ±10℃, effectively demonstrating the effectiveness and stability of the control system.

[0073] Furthermore, the experimental results showed a 98.2% conversion rate of methylcyclohexane, a methane content of less than 8 ppm, a hydrogen generation rate of 2.5 g / min, and a bed pressure drop of only 8 kPa. Compared with traditional heating methods, energy utilization efficiency was improved by approximately 35%.

[0074] In summary, the multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on the phase superposition strategy provided in this solution achieves a uniform distribution of the electromagnetic field within the reactor by replacing mechanical rotation with electronic phase scanning; it employs a temperature feedback closed-loop control strategy to ensure precise and stable reaction temperature; and combined with a partitioned catalyst loading strategy, it effectively improves reaction efficiency and selectivity. This reactor has the advantages of compact structure, precise control, and high energy utilization, making it particularly suitable for applications in mobile hydrogen storage and release systems.

[0075] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on a phase superposition strategy, characterized in that: include, The reaction structure (100) includes a reaction tube (101) and a catalyst bed (102) disposed in the inner cavity of the reaction tube (101). The temperature control unit (200) includes several microwave source groups (201) and a phase and power control module (202) electrically connected thereto. Each microwave source group (201) is evenly distributed outside the reaction tube (101) corresponding to the region of the catalyst bed (102).

2. The multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on phase superposition strategy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase and power control module (202) controls each of the microwave source groups (201) based on a phase superposition strategy, the phase superposition strategy including, The phase of each microwave source group (201) is configured using a phase control algorithm; Modulate the waveforms of each microwave source and precisely control the time delay of each microwave source waveform; Closed-loop control is achieved based on multi-point temperature detection; Temperature uniformity is dynamically optimized by calculating the temperature variation coefficient in real time.

3. The multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on phase superposition strategy according to claim 2, characterized in that: The closed-loop control is achieved based on multi-point temperature detection. include, An incremental PID algorithm is used for regulation. When a temperature deviation is detected, the parameters are adjusted according to the following priority. Adjust the phase offset, adjust the power distribution ratio, and adjust the modulation parameters.

4. The multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on phase superposition strategy according to claim 3, characterized in that: The optimization measures for dynamically optimizing temperature uniformity include adjusting waveguide spacing, adjusting amplitude taper, and adjusting phase quantization accuracy.

5. The multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on a phase superposition strategy according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The phase superposition strategy also includes the addition of an exception handling mechanism. This includes single-source fault detection, temperature gradient alarm, and phase lockout protection.

6. The multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on phase superposition strategy according to claim 5, characterized in that: The catalyst bed (102) is located in the middle region of the inner cavity of the reaction tube (101), dividing the reaction tube (101) into two parts. A feed channel (101a) is formed in the upper tube of the catalyst bed (102), and a discharge channel (101b) is formed in the lower tube of the catalyst bed (102). The catalyst bed (102) is filled with a mixture of microwave absorbing catalyst and microwave absorbing medium, and is filled in a structured partitioned manner.

7. The multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on phase superposition strategy according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes, The housing structure (300) includes an outer shell (301), an upper sealing cover (302) disposed on the top of the outer shell (301), and a lower sealing cover (303) disposed on the bottom.

8. The multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on phase superposition strategy according to claim 7, characterized in that: The reaction structure (100) is disposed in the middle of the inner cavity of the outer shell (301), and the microwave source group (201) is uniformly disposed on the outside of the outer shell (301); The inner cavity of the outer shell (301) is filled with thermal insulation material (301a), which wraps the outer wall of the reaction tube (101).

9. The multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on a phase superposition strategy according to any one of claims 1-4 and 6-8, characterized in that: The temperature control unit (200) also includes several temperature sensors (203), each of which is distributed on the inner sidewall of the reaction tube (101).

10. The multi-source coupled microwave reactor based on a phase superposition strategy according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: It also includes, The pipeline structure (400) includes an inlet pipe (401) and an outlet pipe (402). One end of the inlet pipe (401) penetrates the upper side wall of the outer shell (301) and is connected to the inlet channel (101a). One end of the outlet pipe (402) penetrates the lower side wall of the outer shell (301) and is connected to the outlet channel (101b).

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