Adjustable off-line carbon fiber unwinding and pulling device and method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of the spreader of warp-knitted fabric, and discloses a kind of adjustable carbon fiber offline spreader traction device and method, including casing, and the end of the casing is rotatably installed with multiple groups of groove rollers, and the groove roller is in symmetrical relationship.The device passes through silk frame, intersection roller, limiting component, air buffer component, silk frame is divided into staggered upper and lower two layers, to realize two layers of fiber bundle cross-restraint by intersection roller, then utilize wave spreader roller, lever frame, lifting device, wave spreader roller gradually changes wave crest, smooth structure and gradually softens resin, lever frame senses fiber bundle tension fluctuation and triggers signal, and cooperates lifting device to adjust wave spreader roller height control angle of inclination, realize the purpose that fiber bundle is evenly spread, tension is stable and low damage spreader, beneficial effect is adapted to large diameter fiber bundle, retains the original performance of fiber, improves spread quality and stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fiber spreading equipment for warp-knitted fabrics, and more particularly to an adjustable offline carbon fiber spreading and traction device and method. Background Technology

[0002] In the production of multiaxial carbon fiber, there are generally two fiber layup methods: online and offline. For multi-layer layup, 0-degree and 90-degree fiber layup typically uses an offline winding method, while ±45-degree fiber layup can be done using either online or offline methods. Offline layup requires pre-warping of the fibers. After warping, the fibers need to be wound using a winding head. When the winding length is large and the number of turns is high, the winding quality of the inner layer directly affects the outer layer. If the inner layer fiber layup is poor, it can easily lead to problems during the winding process. Uneven fiber thickness in the winding width direction leads to insufficient fiber spreading, which creates a groove between adjacent filament bundles. This groove becomes more pronounced as the roll diameter increases. When the fiber is over-spread, adjacent filament bundles overlap, creating a bulge between them. This bulge becomes more noticeable as the roll diameter increases. Uneven fiber winding width and thickness directly affect the subsequent fiber spreading tension, thus directly impacting product quality. To address this issue, traditional yarn spreading methods often involve increasing the wrap angle of the guide rollers to achieve frictional flattening or using high-frequency oscillation to cause fiber misalignment.

[0003] However, the aforementioned offline fiber spreading equipment still has the following shortcomings: First, both of the above-mentioned fiber spreading methods require sacrificing fiber performance. When the wrap angle is large, the spreading effect is improved, but fiber damage is aggravated. When the wrap angle is small, the spreading effect is not obvious, making it difficult to balance both. At the same time, it is easy to have problems of insufficient or excessive spreading. Insufficient spreading will cause grooves to form between adjacent filament bundles, while excessive spreading will cause filament bundles to overlap and form bulges. Moreover, the larger the roll diameter, the more prominent these defects are, ultimately resulting in uneven fiber layer thickness, which directly affects the subsequent laying tension and product quality. In addition, the friction between the guide rollers and filament bundles in traditional equipment is large, which can easily damage the fibers. There are also hidden dangers such as fiber layer movement and adhesion during the winding process, which further affect the quality of the finished product. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that existing methods for spreading carbon fibers may cause damage. To address this, we propose an adjustable offline carbon fiber spreading and traction device and method.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: an adjustable carbon fiber offline fiber spreading and traction device, including a housing, one end of which is rotatably mounted with multiple sets of grooved rollers, and the grooved rollers are symmetrically arranged vertically, and one side of the grooved rollers is rotatably mounted with a fiber spreading component for high-quality fiber spreading of the fiber bundle.

[0006] The fiber spreading assembly includes four sets of intersecting rollers rotatably mounted on one end of the housing and located on one side of the groove roller, and each set of intersecting rollers is symmetrical to each other. Multiple sets of wavy fiber spreading rollers are equally spaced at the upper part of one end of the outer wall of the housing. The roller surface of each set of wavy fiber spreading rollers is symmetrically wavy. A smooth and regular smoothing area is provided in the middle of the wavy fiber spreading rollers, and the peak value of the wavy fiber spreading rollers on one side and the lateral spacing of the smoothing area from the wavy fiber spreading rollers on the other side decrease in a stepwise manner.

[0007] One side of the housing is provided with a threading frame for dividing the fiber bundle into an upper fiber bundle layer and a lower fiber bundle layer, wherein the upper fiber bundle and the lower fiber bundle are arranged alternately.

[0008] Both ends of the wave fiber spreading roller are equipped with lifting devices for adjusting the height of the wave fiber spreading roller. The lifting devices are fixedly installed to the wave fiber spreading roller through rotating bearings, and the lifting devices are fixed to the outer wall of the machine casing.

[0009] Preferably, a threading frame for dividing the fiber bundle into an upper fiber bundle layer and a lower fiber bundle layer is provided on one side of the housing. Two sets of pressure rollers are symmetrically mounted on one end of the housing. The upper fiber bundle layer and the lower fiber bundle layer are in contact with the outer wall of the two sets of pressure rollers that are close to each other. The upper fiber bundle layer and the lower fiber bundle layer are in contact with the side of the two sets of grooved rollers and the side of the cross roller that are far away from each other. The upper fiber bundle layer and the lower fiber bundle layer are intersecting and staggered in the middle position of the cross roller.

[0010] Preferably, a merging roller is provided on the side of the wave spreading roller away from the groove roller for alternatingly merging the upper fiber bundle layer and the lower fiber bundle layer. The merging roller is fixedly installed to the inner wall of the housing via a rotating bearing. The upper fiber bundle layer and the lower fiber bundle layer are both located above the merging roller, and the upper fiber bundle layer is in contact with the upper surface of the merging roller.

[0011] Preferably, guide rollers are symmetrically and rotatably installed on both sides of the wave-shaped fiber spreading roller, and the upper fiber bundle layer and the lower fiber bundle layer are alternately attached to the lower surface of the guide roller. A traction and winding unit for pulling and winding the fiber bundle is rotatably installed on the inner wall of the side of the machine housing away from the threading frame. A yarn frame for installing the rolled fiber bundle and automatic unwinding is provided on the side of the threading frame away from the machine housing.

[0012] Preferably, four sets of mutually symmetrical limiting components are symmetrically arranged at the middle position of the interlacing roller to assist in guiding the fiber bundles to cross. The limiting components include four sets of support rods symmetrically installed on the inner wall of the machine housing by bolts, and all four sets of support rods are located at the middle position of the interlacing roller.

[0013] Preferably, multiple sets of arc-shaped support rods are movably installed on the outer wall of each set of support rods that are close to each other. The overall cross-section of the arc-shaped support rod is T-shaped, and one end of the arc-shaped support rod penetrates the interior of the support rod. Multiple sets of mounting cavities are equidistantly opened inside the support rod, and each set of mounting cavities is provided with a spring.

[0014] Preferably, one end of the spring is fixed to one end of the arc-shaped support rod, the other end of the spring abuts against the inner wall of the mounting cavity, the end of the arc-shaped support rod near the fiber bundle is arc-shaped, and a semi-circular arc groove is provided on the surface for limiting the fiber bundle.

[0015] Preferably, an air buffer component for reducing the wear of the fiber bundle is provided on one side of the limiting component and between the upper and lower sets of rollers. The air buffer component includes two sets of flat nozzles that are symmetrically fixed to the inner wall of the machine casing by bolts.

[0016] Preferably, the opening directions of the two sets of flat nozzles are opposite, and the sides of the two sets of flat nozzles that are close to each other are connected to air pipes, and one end of the air pipes is connected to an external high-pressure air supply device. A lever frame is rotatably installed on the inner wall of the housing between the guide roller and the wave fiber spreading roller, and one end of the lever frame is in contact with the fiber bundle.

[0017] A method for spreading carbon fiber using an adjustable offline carbon fiber spreading traction device includes the following steps:

[0018] S1. Raw material conveying, layered pretreatment and coarse positioning: The coiled carbon fiber bundle is installed on the yarn frame. The unwinding is driven by a torque motor and the unwinding tension is set manually. After automatic unwinding, the carbon fiber bundle is conveyed to the threading frame, which divides it into an upper fiber bundle layer and a lower fiber bundle layer arranged in an alternating manner. The two layers of fiber bundles are initially flattened by contacting the upper and lower symmetrical pressure rollers, and then contacting the upper and lower symmetrical grooved rollers. The grooved rollers perform coarse positioning of the fiber bundles to make them evenly distributed, laying the foundation for subsequent cross-processing.

[0019] S2. Cross-constraint, anti-winding and wear reduction treatment: After coarse positioning, the two layers of fiber bundles are conveyed to the cross-roller position, where they cross and interweave in the middle of the cross-roller. The fiber bundles themselves constrain each other, increasing the thickness of the originally thin edges and achieving uniform thickness when laid flat. The four sets of limiting components in the middle of the cross-roller drive the arc-shaped support rods to always keep them in contact with the fiber bundles through the springs inside the support rods. The semi-circular grooves of the arc-shaped support rods position the fiber bundles in front and behind the cross-rollers to prevent entanglement. At the same time, the air buffer component on one side of the limiting component sprays high-pressure gas through the flat nozzle to form an air film on the surface of the subsequent wave-spreading fiber roller, which floats the fiber bundles and reduces the risk of friction and wear between the fiber bundles and the wave-spreading fiber roller.

[0020] S3. Tension Adjustment, Gradual Fiber Spreading, and Heating Assistance: The fiber bundle is guided to the lever frame by the guide roller. The lever frame senses the tension changes of the fiber bundle in real time through the dynamic balance sensor at the rotating shaft. When the tension is too high or too low, a signal is triggered and transmitted to the lifting device. The lifting device adjusts the height of the wave spreading roller and controls the angle between the fiber bundle and the wave spreading roller to ensure stable tension. The fiber bundle enters the area of ​​multiple wave spreading rollers. The built-in heating tubes of the wave spreading rollers heat and soften the resin on the surface of the fiber bundle. The lateral spacing between the peak wave and the smooth area decreases stepwise from front to back, thereby achieving initial spreading, fine widening, and shaping and width retention in sequence, completing the gradual and gentle fiber spreading while preserving the original properties of the fiber.

[0021] S4. Merging, traction, winding, and separation protection of the upper and lower fiber bundle layers: After the fibers are spread, the upper and lower fiber bundle layers are conveyed to the merging roller, where they are interlaced and merged above the merging roller to form a uniformly closed fiber bundle; the fiber bundle is guided to the traction unit by the guide roller, where the traction and winding are completed; during the winding process, a layer of paper is wound in as a separator to prevent the wound multifilament fiber bundle layer from moving or sticking together, ensuring the winding quality and compatibility with subsequent processes.

[0022] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows:

[0023] The equipment first uses a threading frame, interlacing rollers, limiting components, and air buffer components. The threading frame divides the fiber bundle into two staggered layers. The interlacing rollers achieve cross-constraint between the two layers of fiber bundles. Then, a wave-shaped fiber spreading roller, a lever frame, and a lifting device are used. The wave-shaped fiber spreading roller gently spreads the fiber step by step with a gradual wave peak and smooth zone structure, while heating and softening the resin. The lever frame senses the tension fluctuations of the fiber bundle and triggers a signal. In conjunction with the lifting device, the height of the wave-shaped fiber spreading roller is adjusted to control the angle, so as to achieve uniform fiber bundle widening, stable tension, and low-damage fiber spreading. The beneficial effects are that it can adapt to large-diameter fiber bundles, retain the original properties of the fiber, and improve the spreading quality and stability.

[0024] In this invention, the device first uses a spring in the limiting component to drive the arc-shaped support rod to fit the fiber bundle for positioning and anti-tangling. Then, the air buffer component sprays high-pressure gas to form an air film that floats the fiber bundle, thereby achieving the purpose of uniform thickness of the fiber bundle and reducing wear. The beneficial effect is to avoid the fiber bundle edges being too thin and frayed, and to ensure that the cross-fiber spreading is carried out in an orderly manner. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The disclosure of this invention is illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention. In the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to refer to the same parts:

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a side view of the structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a side view of a partial structural cross-section of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a top view of the structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point B;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a plan view of the wave fiber spreading roller structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the air buffer component structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the limiting component structure of the present invention.

[0035] Legend: 1. Machine casing; 11. Pressure roller; 12. Grooving roller; 13. Merging roller; 14. Guide roller; 15. Take-up unit; 2. Fiber spreading assembly; 21. Crossing roller; 22. Wave spreading roller; 221. Smoothing zone; 23. Lifting device; 3. Limiting component; 31. Support rod; 32. Arc-shaped support rod; 4. Air buffer component; 41. Flat nozzle; 42. Air pipe; 5. Lever frame; 6. Yarn threading frame; 7. Yarn frame. Detailed Implementation

[0036] It is readily understood that, based on the technical solution of this invention, those skilled in the art can propose various interchangeable structural methods and implementations without altering the essential spirit of the invention. Therefore, the following detailed embodiments and accompanying drawings are merely illustrative examples of the technical solution of this invention and should not be considered as the entirety of the invention or as limitations or restrictions on the technical solution of this invention.

[0037] Reference Figure 1-9 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: an adjustable carbon fiber offline fiber spreading and traction device, including a housing 1, with multiple sets of grooved rollers 12 rotatably installed at one end of the housing 1 for coarse positioning of the fiber bundle, so that the fiber bundle is arranged relatively evenly, and the grooved rollers 12 are symmetrically arranged vertically, and a fiber spreading component 2 for high-quality spreading of the fiber bundle is rotatably installed on one side of the grooved rollers 12.

[0038] The fiber spreading assembly 2 includes four sets of interlacing rollers 21 rotatably mounted on one end of the housing 1 and located on one side of the groove roller 12. Each set of interlacing rollers 21 is symmetrical to each other. Specifically, the longitudinal and transverse directions of each set of interlacing rollers 21 are symmetrical to each other. Multiple sets of wave spreading rollers 22 are equally spaced above one end of the outer wall of the housing 1. The wave spreading rollers 22 have built-in heating tubes for heating the fiber bundle while spreading the yarn. The heating temperature is adjustable and is usually 110-180℃. When heated, the resin coating the surface of the fiber bundle changes its properties, making it easier for the fiber bundle to spread. The spread fiber bundle forms a uniform and closed fiber bundle tape, which is then wound onto the reel by the main drive. Usually, a layer of paper is wound in as a separator to prevent the already wound multifilament fiber bundle layer from moving or sticking together. The roller surface of each set of corrugated fiber spreading rollers 22 is symmetrically corrugated. A smooth and regular smoothing zone 221 is set in the middle of the corrugated fiber spreading roller 22, and the peak value of the corrugated fiber spreading roller 22 and the lateral spacing of the smoothing zone 221 decrease in a stepwise manner from one side of the corrugated fiber spreading roller 22 to the other side. Specifically, from front to back... Its peak value decreases and the smooth area 221 in the middle becomes shorter, widening the fiber bundle in segments into high, medium, and low regions. The peak section can initially open the fiber bundle, breaking its bundle structure. The convex structure of the peaks generates continuous outward lateral tension on the fiber bundle, "gently opening" the originally tight fiber bundle and initially forming a wide sheet. Compared with the traditional vibration-based violent opening, its unfolding method is more gentle. The smooth area 221 on its surface is designed as a "tension buffer zone" to prevent the fiber bundle from breaking due to excessive instantaneous lateral force from the peaks, making it particularly suitable for large diameter fibers. Fiber bundles (numerous large-diameter fiber bundles, prone to breakage under instantaneous stretching) present a "smooth start" that vibratory yarn spreading cannot achieve. The mid-peak section, however, allows for precise widening, eliminating monofilament stacking and acting only on the gaps between incompletely separated monofilaments, separating the stacked fiber bundles one by one. The shortened spacing in the smooth zone 221 reduces the contact time between the fiber bundles and the roller, preventing excessive widening that could lead to thinning of the fiber bundles. It can also handle the uniform thickness after cross-threading. The mid-peak section doesn't need to deal with the strong stretching in localized thick areas; it only needs to focus on monofilament separation, improving the uniformity of widening. The original vibratory yarn spreading, due to high-frequency impact, is prone to localized... Over-expansion or under-expansion; finally, the low peak section can fix the width and lock the final expansion effect. At this time, the fiber bundle is close to the target width, and the lateral force of the low peak is reduced to a minimum, only playing the role of "fine-tuning and calibration" to avoid the fiber bundle rebound; the shorter smooth area 221 allows the fiber bundle to pass through quickly, locking the final width and ensuring that the shape of the fiber bundle is consistent when entering subsequent processes (such as impregnation and weaving). This achieves the step-by-step guided and gentle shaping of the fiber bundle, avoiding excessive wear or expansion of the fiber bundle, and can retain the original performance of the fiber bundle to a certain extent, indirectly improving the quality of the spreader.

[0039] A threading frame 6 is provided on one side of the housing 1 to divide the fiber bundle into an upper fiber bundle layer and a lower fiber bundle layer. The upper and lower fiber bundles are arranged in an alternating manner. Through the mutual constraint of the fiber bundles, the thickness on both sides will be slightly thicker, so that the thickness of the flat fiber tends to be consistent. The fiber bundle is carbon fiber.

[0040] Both ends of the wave fiber spreading roller 22 are equipped with lifting devices 23 for adjusting the height of the wave fiber spreading roller 22. The lifting devices 23 are fixedly installed with the wave fiber spreading roller 22 through rotating bearings, and the lifting devices 23 are fixed to the outer wall of the housing 1.

[0041] Reference Figure 1-9 As shown in this embodiment: a threading frame 6 for dividing the fiber bundle into an upper fiber bundle layer and a lower fiber bundle layer is provided on one side of the housing 1. Two sets of pressure rollers 11 are symmetrically rotated at one end of the housing 1. The upper fiber bundle layer and the lower fiber bundle layer are in contact with the outer wall of the two sets of pressure rollers 11 that are close to each other. The upper fiber bundle layer and the lower fiber bundle layer are in contact with the side of the two sets of groove rollers 12 and the side of the cross roller 21 that are far away from each other. The upper fiber bundle layer and the lower fiber bundle layer are intersecting and staggered in the middle position of the cross roller 21, and are mutually constrained by the fiber bundle itself. Generally, the thickness of the layer near the two sides of the fiber bundle is slightly less than the thickness of the middle of the fiber bundle.

[0042] A merging roller 13 is provided on the side of the wave spreading roller 22 away from the groove roller 12 for alternatingly merging the upper fiber bundle layer and the lower fiber bundle layer. The merging roller 13 is fixedly installed to the inner wall of the housing 1 by a rotating bearing. The upper fiber bundle layer and the lower fiber bundle layer are both located above the merging roller 13, and the upper fiber bundle layer is in contact with the upper surface of the merging roller 13.

[0043] Guide rollers 14 are symmetrically rotated on both sides of the wave-shaped fiber spreading roller 22. The upper fiber bundle layer and the lower fiber bundle layer are alternately attached to the lower surface of the guide roller 14. A traction and winding unit 15 for pulling and winding fiber bundles is rotatably installed on the inner wall of the machine housing 1 away from the threading frame 6. A yarn frame 7 for mounting the rolled fiber bundles and automatic unwinding is provided on the side of the threading frame 6 away from the machine housing 1. The yarn frame 7 adopts a lightweight aluminum profile frame structure and a modular assembly method. Unwinding is driven by a torque motor. Each roll of fiber bundle is driven by a separate motor. The unwinding tension can be quickly and manually set on the touch screen.

[0044] The take-up unit 15 is specifically a device for pulling and winding fiber bundles.

[0045] Reference Figure 1-9As shown in this embodiment: four sets of mutually symmetrical limiting components 3 are symmetrically arranged at the middle position of the interlacing roller 21 to assist in guiding the fiber bundles to cross. The limiting components 3 include four sets of support rods 31 symmetrically installed on the inner wall of the housing 1 by bolts. All four sets of support rods 31 are located at the middle position of the interlacing roller 21.

[0046] On the outer wall of each set of support rods 31 that are close to each other, multiple sets of arc-shaped support rods 32 are movably installed. The overall cross-section of the arc-shaped support rod 32 is T-shaped, and one end of the arc-shaped support rod 32 penetrates the interior of the support rod 31. Multiple sets of mounting cavities are opened at equal intervals inside the support rod 31, and each set of mounting cavities is equipped with a spring.

[0047] Furthermore, one end of the spring is fixed to one end of the arc-shaped support rod 32, and the other end of the spring abuts against the inner wall of the mounting cavity. The end of the arc-shaped support rod 32 near the fiber bundle is arc-shaped, and a semi-circular arc groove is provided on its surface for limiting the fiber bundle.

[0048] The spring is used to keep the arc-shaped support rod 32 in contact with the fiber bundle, and the semi-circular groove positions the fiber bundle before and after crossing to prevent the fiber bundle from getting tangled.

[0049] Reference Figure 1-9 As shown in this embodiment: an air buffer component 4 for reducing the wear of fiber bundles is provided on one side of the limiting component 3 and between the upper and lower sets of rollers 21. The air buffer component 4 includes two sets of flat nozzles 41 that are symmetrically fixed to the inner wall of the housing 1 by bolts.

[0050] Furthermore, the opening directions of the two sets of flat nozzles 41 are opposite, and the sides of the two sets of flat nozzles 41 that are close to each other are connected to air pipes 42. One end of the air pipes 42 is connected to an external high-pressure air supply device. A lever frame 5 is rotatably installed on the inner wall of the housing 1 between the guide roller 14 and the wave fiber spreading roller 22, and one end of the lever frame 5 is in contact with the fiber bundle.

[0051] The nozzle of the flat nozzle 41 is tangent to the surface of the corrugated fiber spreading roller 22. When the high-pressure gas is ejected, it forms an air film on the surface of the corrugated fiber spreading roller 22, which is used to float the fiber bundle to a certain extent, reduce the friction between the fiber bundle and the corrugated fiber spreading roller 22, thereby reducing wear and reducing the possibility of fiber bundle fuzzing. The lever frame 5 mainly consists of a lever and a dynamic balance sensing device fixed at its rotating shaft. When the tension of the fiber bundle is too high, and it is tightened or relaxed to a certain extent, one end of the lever frame 5 will tilt continuously, thereby triggering the dynamic balance sensing device and sending an electrical signal to the lifting device 23. It should be noted that the dynamic balance sensing device and the lifting device 23 are connected by an electrical wire, which is connected to a control device. The lever frame 5 is used to sense the tension of the fiber bundle during spreading in real time, thereby realizing intelligent adjustment of the tension of the fiber bundle.

[0052] A method for spreading carbon fiber using an adjustable offline carbon fiber spreading traction device includes the following steps:

[0053] S1. Raw material conveying, layering pretreatment and coarse positioning: The coiled carbon fiber bundle is installed on the yarn frame 7. The unwinding is driven by a torque motor and the unwinding tension is set manually. After automatic unwinding, the carbon fiber bundle is conveyed to the threading frame 6. The threading frame 6 divides it into an upper fiber bundle layer and a lower fiber bundle layer with staggered arrangement. The two layers of fiber bundles are contacted by the upper and lower symmetrical pressure rollers 11 to achieve preliminary flattening, and then contacted by the upper and lower symmetrical grooved rollers 12. The grooved rollers 12 perform coarse positioning of the fiber bundles to make them evenly distributed, laying the foundation for subsequent cross-processing.

[0054] S2. Cross-constraint, anti-entanglement and wear reduction treatment: After coarse positioning, the two layers of fiber bundles are conveyed to the position of the cross roller 21. They cross and interweave in the middle of the cross roller 21. The fiber bundles constrain each other, which increases the thickness of the originally thin edge and achieves uniform thickness. The four sets of limiting components 3 in the middle of the cross roller 21 drive the arc-shaped support rod 32 to always keep it in contact with the fiber bundle through the spring inside the support rod 31. The semi-circular groove of the arc-shaped support rod 32 positions the fiber bundles in front and behind the cross to prevent entanglement. At the same time, the air buffer component 4 on one side of the limiting component 3 sprays high-pressure gas through the flat nozzle 41 to form an air film on the surface of the subsequent wave spreading roller 22, which floats the fiber bundle and reduces the risk of friction and wear between the fiber bundle and the wave spreading roller 22.

[0055] S3. Tension Adjustment, Gradual Fiber Spreading and Heating Assistance: The fiber bundle is guided to the lever frame 5 by the guide roller 14. The lever frame 5 senses the tension change of the fiber bundle in real time through the dynamic balance sensing device at the rotating shaft. When the tension is too high or too low, a signal is triggered and transmitted to the lifting device 23. The lifting device 23 adjusts the height of the wave spreading roller 22 and controls the angle between the fiber bundle and the wave spreading roller 22 to ensure stable tension. The fiber bundle enters the area of ​​multiple sets of wave spreading rollers 22. The wave spreading roller 22 has a built-in heating tube to heat and soften the resin on the surface of the fiber bundle. The lateral spacing between the peak wave and the smooth area 221 decreases stepwise from front to back, so as to achieve initial opening, fine widening and shaping and width retention in sequence, completing the gradual and gentle fiber spreading and preserving the original properties of the fiber.

[0056] S4. Merging, traction, winding, and separation protection of the upper and lower fiber bundle layers: After the fibers are spread, the upper and lower fiber bundle layers are conveyed to the merging roller 13, where they are interlaced and merged above the merging roller 13 to form a uniformly closed fiber bundle; the fiber bundle is guided to the traction unit 15 by the guide roller 14, where the traction and winding are completed; during the winding process, a layer of paper is wound in as a separator to prevent the wound multifilament fiber bundle layer from moving or sticking together, ensuring the winding quality and compatibility with subsequent processes.

[0057] Working principle: First, the yarn frame 7 is equipped with a coiled fiber bundle. The unwinding is driven by a torque motor. The unwinding tension can be manually set via a touch screen. After the fiber bundle is automatically unwound by the yarn frame 7, it is conveyed to the threading frame 6. The threading frame 6 divides the fiber bundle into an upper fiber bundle layer and a lower fiber bundle layer. The two layers of fiber bundles are staggered at the intersection roller 21. This design addresses the problem of uneven thickness of the fiber bundle. By utilizing the mutual constraint characteristics of the fiber bundles themselves, the fiber bundles with slightly smaller layer thickness are made slightly thicker on both sides, making the thickness of the laid fiber tend to be consistent, effectively solving the problem of a single fiber bundle being thick in the middle and thin at the edges.

[0058] Secondly, the upper and lower fiber bundle layers contact the outer walls of the two sets of pressure rollers 11 on the side that are close to each other. The pressure rollers 11 play a preliminary flattening role on the two fiber bundles. Then, the two fiber bundles contact the side of the two sets of symmetrical grooved rollers 12 that are far apart from each other. The grooved rollers 12 perform coarse positioning on the fiber bundles, so that the fiber bundles are arranged relatively evenly, laying the foundation for subsequent crossing and fiber spreading.

[0059] Next, the fiber bundle continues to be conveyed to the position of the crossing roller 21. Four sets of limiting components 3 are symmetrically arranged in the middle of the crossing roller 21. This component is designed to address the problem of easy entanglement of the fiber bundle before and after crossing. The support rod 31 is fixed to the inner wall of the housing 1 by bolts. The arc-shaped support rod 32 is movably installed on the support rod 31. One end of the spring inside the support rod 31 is fixed to the arc-shaped support rod 32, and the other end abuts against the inner wall of the mounting cavity. The spring drives the arc-shaped support rod 32 to always be in close contact with the fiber bundle. A semi-circular arc groove is opened at the end of the arc-shaped support rod 32 near the fiber bundle. The semi-circular arc groove positions the fiber bundle before and after crossing, effectively preventing the fiber bundle from entangled and ensuring that the crossing process is carried out in an orderly manner.

[0060] Meanwhile, the air buffer component 4 is set on one side of the limiting component 3 and located between the upper and lower sets of rollers 21. This component is designed to address the problem of easy wear and fuzzing during fiber bundle unfolding. Two sets of flat nozzles 41 are symmetrically fixed to the inner wall of the housing 1 by bolts. The opening directions are opposite and the nozzles are tangent to the surface of the wave unfolding roller 22. The flat nozzles 41 are connected to the air pipe 42 and connected to the external high-pressure air supply equipment. When the high-pressure gas is sprayed out, an air film is formed on the surface of the wave unfolding roller 22, which floats the fiber bundle, reduces the friction between the fiber bundle and the wave unfolding roller 22, thereby reducing the possibility of fiber bundle wear and fuzzing, and significantly improving the fiber bundle unfolding quality.

[0061] Next, the upper fiber bundle layer and the lower fiber bundle layer are intersected and staggered in the middle of the roller 21, which further strengthens the mutual restraint effect of the fiber bundles, ensures the uniformity of the spread thickness, and provides a foundation for the uniform thickness of the fiber bundles for subsequent fiber spreading.

[0062] Next, the fiber bundle is guided by the guide roller 14 to the lever frame 5. The lever frame 5 is designed to address the problem that tension fluctuations during fiber bundle unwinding can easily lead to filament breakage or insufficient unwinding. The lever frame 5 mainly consists of a lever and a dynamic balance sensing device fixed at its pivot. One end of the lever frame 5 is in contact with the fiber bundle. When the fiber bundle tension is too high and too tight or too loose, one end of the lever frame 5 tilts continuously, triggering the dynamic balance sensing device and sending an electrical signal to the lifting device 23. The dynamic balance sensing device and the lifting device 23 are connected to the control device through an electrical wire to realize intelligent adjustment of the fiber bundle tension.

[0063] Meanwhile, the lifting device 23 is fixed to the outer wall of the housing 1 and is fixedly installed with the wave fiber spreading roller 22 through the rotating bearing. After receiving the electrical signal from the dynamic balance sensing device, it adjusts the height of the wave fiber spreading roller 22, thereby controlling the angle between the fiber bundle and the wave fiber spreading roller 22, avoiding excessive friction and excessive tension caused by too small an angle, resulting in fuzz or broken fibers, and ensuring the stability of the fiber spreading process.

[0064] Next, the fiber bundle enters the area of ​​the wave-shaped spreading roller 22. The wave-shaped spreading roller 22 addresses the problems of insufficient spreading, easy breakage, and damage to the fiber bundle performance caused by traditional spreading methods. Multiple sets of wave-shaped spreading rollers 22 are evenly spaced above one end of the outer wall of the machine casing 1, with built-in heating tubes and adjustable heating temperature. The resin coating the surface of the fiber bundle changes its properties after heating, making it more conducive to fiber spreading. The roller surface of the wave-shaped spreading roller 22 is symmetrically wave-shaped, with a smooth and regular smoothing zone 221 in the middle. The peak value and the lateral spacing of the smoothing zone 221 decrease progressively from front to back, forming three sections: high, medium, and low. The peak section initially spreads the fiber bundle, breaking the bundle structure. The convex peaks generate continuous outward lateral tension, gently spreading the tightly packed fiber bundle into a wide sheet. The smoothing zone 221 acts as a tension buffer, preventing the lateral force from the peaks from being released instantly. Excessive width can cause fiber bundle breakage, especially suitable for large-diameter fiber bundles; the middle peak section performs fine widening, eliminating monofilament stacking, acting only on the gaps between incompletely separated monofilaments, and separating the stacked fiber bundles one by one. The shortened spacing of the smooth zone 221 reduces the contact time between the fiber bundle and the roller, avoiding local over-widening that could lead to fiber bundle thinning. At the same time, it supports the uniform thickness after cross-threading, eliminating the need to deal with strong stretching in local thick areas, thus improving the uniformity of widening; the low peak section shapes and maintains the width, locking in the final widening effect. The lateral force of the low peak is minimized, playing a fine-tuning and calibration role to prevent fiber bundle rebound. The shorter smooth zone 221 allows the fiber bundle to pass through quickly, ensuring a consistent shape when entering subsequent processes. This achieves step-by-step guided and gentle shaping unfolding, avoiding excessive wear or unfolding of the fiber bundle, preserving the original performance of the fiber bundle, and indirectly improving the quality of unfolding.

[0065] Finally, the upper and lower fiber bundle layers, after being widened by the wave-spreading roller 22, are conveyed to the merging roller 13. The two fiber bundle layers are interlaced and merged above the merging roller 13. The merging roller 13 is fixed to the inner wall of the housing 1 by a rotating bearing. The upper fiber bundle layer is in contact with the upper surface of the merging roller 13 to ensure that the merged fiber bundle belt is uniform and closed. Subsequently, the fiber bundle is guided to the take-up unit 15 by the guide roller 14. The take-up unit 15 pulls and winds up the fiber bundle. During winding, a layer of paper is wound in as a separator to prevent the wound multifilament fiber bundle from moving or sticking together.

[0066] The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the content described above. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the above embodiments without departing from the technical concept of this invention, and all such modifications and variations should fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. An adjustable carbon fiber offline fiber spreading and traction device, characterized in that, Includes a housing, one end of which is rotatably mounted with multiple sets of grooved rollers, which are symmetrically arranged vertically, and one side of each grooved roller is rotatably mounted with a fiber spreading assembly for high-quality fiber spreading. The fiber spreading assembly includes four sets of intersecting rollers rotatably mounted on one end of the housing and located on one side of the groove roller, and each set of intersecting rollers is symmetrical to each other. Multiple sets of wavy fiber spreading rollers are equally spaced at the upper part of one end of the outer wall of the housing. The roller surface of each set of wavy fiber spreading rollers is symmetrically wavy. A smooth and regular smoothing area is provided in the middle of the wavy fiber spreading rollers, and the peak value of the wavy fiber spreading rollers on one side and the lateral spacing of the smoothing area from the wavy fiber spreading rollers on the other side decrease in a stepwise manner. One side of the housing is provided with a threading frame for dividing the fiber bundle into an upper fiber bundle layer and a lower fiber bundle layer, wherein the upper fiber bundle and the lower fiber bundle are arranged alternately. Both ends of the wave-shaped fiber spreading roller are equipped with lifting devices for adjusting the height of the wave-shaped fiber spreading roller. The lifting devices are fixedly installed to the wave-shaped fiber spreading roller through rotating bearings, and the lifting devices are fixed to the outer wall of the machine casing. Two sets of pressure rollers are symmetrically mounted on one end of the housing. The upper fiber bundle layer and the lower fiber bundle layer are in contact with the outer wall of the two sets of pressure rollers on the side that are close to each other. The upper fiber bundle layer and the lower fiber bundle layer are in contact with the side of the two sets of grooved rollers and the cross rollers that are far from each other. The upper fiber bundle layer and the lower fiber bundle layer are intersecting and staggered in the middle position of the cross rollers. Four sets of mutually symmetrical limiting components are symmetrically arranged at the middle position of the interlacing roller to assist in guiding the fiber bundles to cross. The limiting components include four sets of support rods symmetrically installed on the inner wall of the machine housing by bolts, and all four sets of support rods are located at the middle position of the interlacing roller. Multiple sets of arc-shaped support rods are movably installed on the outer wall of each set of support rods that are close to each other. The overall cross-section of the arc-shaped support rod is T-shaped, and one end of the arc-shaped support rod penetrates the interior of the support rod. Multiple sets of mounting cavities are equidistantly opened inside the support rod, and each set of mounting cavities is equipped with a spring. Furthermore, one end of the spring is fixed to one end of the arc-shaped support rod, and the other end of the spring abuts against the inner wall of the mounting cavity. The end of the arc-shaped support rod near the fiber bundle is arc-shaped, and a semi-circular arc groove for limiting the fiber bundle is opened on its surface. An air buffer component for reducing the wear of fiber bundles is provided on one side of the limiting component and between the upper and lower sets of rollers. The air buffer component includes two sets of flat nozzles that are symmetrically fixed to the inner wall of the machine casing by bolts. Furthermore, the opening directions of the two sets of flat nozzles are opposite, and the sides of the two sets of flat nozzles that are close to each other are connected to air pipes, and one end of the air pipes is connected to an external high-pressure air supply device. A lever frame is rotatably installed on the inner wall of the housing between the guide roller and the wave fiber spreading roller, and one end of the lever frame is in contact with the fiber bundle.

2. The adjustable carbon fiber offline fiber spreading and traction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A merging roller is provided on the side of the wave spreading roller away from the groove roller for alternatingly merging the upper fiber bundle layer and the lower fiber bundle layer. The merging roller is fixedly installed to the inner wall of the housing through a rotating bearing. The upper fiber bundle layer and the lower fiber bundle layer are both located above the merging roller, and the upper fiber bundle layer is in contact with the upper surface of the merging roller.

3. The adjustable carbon fiber offline fiber spreading and traction device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Guide rollers are symmetrically and rotatably installed on both sides of the wave-shaped fiber spreading roller. The upper fiber bundle layer and the lower fiber bundle layer are alternately attached to the lower surface of the guide roller. A traction and winding unit for pulling and winding the fiber bundle is rotatably installed on the inner wall of the side of the machine housing away from the threading frame. A yarn frame for installing the rolled fiber bundle and automatic unwinding is provided on the side of the threading frame away from the machine housing.

4. The fiber spreading method of the adjustable carbon fiber offline fiber spreading traction device as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Raw material conveying, layered pretreatment and coarse positioning: The coiled carbon fiber bundle is installed on the yarn frame. The unwinding is driven by a torque motor and the unwinding tension is set manually. After automatic unwinding, the carbon fiber bundle is conveyed to the threading frame, which divides it into an upper fiber bundle layer and a lower fiber bundle layer with staggered arrangement. The two layers of fiber bundles are initially flattened by contacting the upper and lower symmetrical pressure rollers, and then contacting the upper and lower symmetrical grooved rollers. The grooved rollers perform coarse positioning of the fiber bundles to make them evenly distributed, laying the foundation for subsequent cross-processing. S2. Cross-constraint, anti-winding and wear reduction treatment: After coarse positioning, the two layers of fiber bundles are conveyed to the cross-roll position, where they cross and interweave in the middle of the cross-roll. The fiber bundles themselves constrain each other, increasing the thickness of the originally thin edges and achieving uniform thickness. The four sets of limiting components in the middle of the cross-roll drive the arc-shaped support rods to always keep them in contact with the fiber bundles through the springs inside the support rods. The semi-circular grooves of the arc-shaped support rods position the fiber bundles in front and behind the cross-roll to prevent entanglement. At the same time, the air buffer component on one side of the limiting component sprays high-pressure gas through the flat nozzle to form an air film on the surface of the subsequent wave-spreading fiber roller, which floats the fiber bundle and reduces the risk of friction and wear between the fiber bundle and the wave-spreading fiber roller. S3. Tension Adjustment, Gradual Fiber Spreading, and Heating Assistance: The fiber bundle is guided to the lever frame by the guide roller. The lever frame senses the tension changes of the fiber bundle in real time through the dynamic balance sensor at the rotating shaft. When the tension is too high or too low, a signal is triggered and transmitted to the lifting device. The lifting device adjusts the height of the wave spreading roller and controls the angle between the fiber bundle and the wave spreading roller to ensure stable tension. The fiber bundle enters the area of ​​multiple wave spreading rollers. The wave spreading roller has a built-in heating tube that heats and softens the resin on the surface of the fiber bundle. The lateral spacing between the peak wave and the smooth area decreases stepwise from front to back, thus achieving initial spreading, fine widening, and shaping and width retention in sequence, completing the gradual and gentle fiber spreading while preserving the original properties of the fiber. S4. Merging, traction winding and separation protection of the upper and lower fiber bundle layers: The upper and lower fiber bundle layers after fiber spreading are conveyed to the merging roller, where they are interlaced and merged above the merging roller to form a uniform closed fiber bundle. The fiber bundle is guided to the take-up unit by the guide rollers, where the take-up unit completes the traction and winding. During the winding process, a layer of paper is wound in as a separator to prevent the wound multifilament fiber bundle layer from moving or sticking together, ensuring the winding quality and compatibility with subsequent processes.

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