System for simulating generation of ions by impact target of impact type dust analyzer

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of space dust characteristic detection, in particular to a system for simulating an impact target of an impact type dust analyzer to generate ions, which comprises a vacuum chamber, a pulse laser, a laser guide optical module, an ion generation impact target and a mass spectrum analyzer, and is characterized in that the pulse laser is arranged on the outer wall of the top of the vacuum chamber; after the laser is deflected, collimated, expanded and focused by the laser guiding optical module, the laser is irradiated on the surface of the ion generating impact target, so that ions are generated; different types of ions are generated by replacing ion generation impact targets made of different materials; and the mass spectrum analyzer comprises a signal acquisition module and a mass spectrum analysis display module. The invention provides a technology for generating common element ions in space dust, ground testing and calibration of various dust ions are effectively realized, and the comprehensiveness of analyzing components of the space dust by an impact type dust analyzer or other mass spectrometers is further guaranteed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of space dust characteristic detection, in particular to a system for generating ions by impact target of simulated impact dust analyzer. BACKGROUND

[0002] Interplanetary dust belongs to an important type of space dust, and the speed thereof is generally in the range of 1km / s~70km / s, belonging to high-speed dust. The dust carries electric charge and the particle size is mostly sub-micron and micron. The detection and research on dust composition, by using sensors to obtain in-situ measurement data, can answer a series of important scientific questions, such as the formation and evolution of the solar system, the source of water on earth, etc. At the same time, the data of the influence of space dust on deep space probes can be obtained, and the engineering problems in mission implementation can be solved. Therefore, the detection of interplanetary dust characteristics not only has important scientific significance, but also has great engineering significance.

[0003] Since the speed of interplanetary dust is relatively large, the detection of the composition of interplanetary dust needs to use an impact dust analyzer, that is, the interplanetary dust particles are impacted with the impact target of the impact dust analyzer, to generate impact plasma. Under the condition of applying an electric field, different mass-to-charge ratio ions in the impact plasma are separated, which is used to distinguish different composition information of the dust particles.

[0004] The ground calibration of the impact dust analyzer needs a special high-speed dust accelerator system based on the principle of high-voltage electrostatic acceleration. However, the high-speed dust accelerator system has problems such as large floor area, long preparation time, limitation of dust particle elements (only metal particles can be impacted), high cost, etc. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a system for generating ions by impact target of simulated impact dust analyzer, which not only can achieve the ion generation effect of the high-speed dust accelerator system, but also can generate more types of ions.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the application provides a system for generating ions by an impact target of an analog impact dust analyzer, comprising a vacuum chamber, a pulse laser, a laser guiding optical module, an ion generating impact target and a mass spectrometer, wherein: the pulse laser is arranged on the outer wall of the top of the vacuum chamber; the laser guiding optical module and the ion generating impact target are arranged in the interior of the vacuum chamber; the laser generated by the pulse laser enters the interior of the vacuum chamber through a quartz window at the top of the vacuum chamber and irradiates on the laser guiding optical module; the laser guiding optical module deflects, collimates, expands and focuses the laser to irradiate on the surface of the ion generating impact target, so as to generate ions; different kinds of ions are generated by replacing the ion generating impact target made of different materials; the mass spectrometer comprises a signal acquisition module and a mass spectrometer display module, the signal acquisition module is arranged in the interior of the vacuum chamber and is used for acquiring different kinds of ions, and the mass spectrometer display module is arranged outside the vacuum chamber and is used for testing and analyzing the acquired ions.

[0007] Further, the vacuum chamber is made of stainless steel material and is vacuumized by a vacuum pump, and the vacuum degree in the interior is 1.0*10 -4 Pa.

[0008] Further, the quartz window is installed on the top of the vacuum chamber through a flange, the diameter of the quartz window is 60-100mm, the temperature borne by the quartz window is ≤1100℃, and the light transmittance of the quartz window is >90%.

[0009] Further, the pulse laser is a special laser, the energy of the pulse laser emitted by the pulse laser is 100mJ, the wavelength of the laser is 1064nm, the spot size of the laser is 4mm, and the pulse width of the laser is <10ns.

[0010] Further, the laser guiding optical module comprises a deflection mirror, a collimating and expanding mirror and a focusing mirror, wherein: the deflection mirror is a plane mirror with a diameter of 25.4mm and a wavelength range of 1047-1070nm; the collimating and expanding mirror has a diameter of 25.4mm, an expansion multiple of 8 and a surface coated with an antireflection film; and the focusing mirror is a double-cemented lens with a diameter of 25.4mm and a focal length of 200mm, and the spot size of the focused laser is 30μm.

[0011] Further, the ion generating impact target is made of a metal element material, a non-metal element material or a mixed and synthesized material of a metal element and a non-metal element.

[0012] The system for generating ions by an impact target of an analog impact dust analyzer provided by the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0013] The application provides a technology for generating ions of common elements in space dust, effectively realizes various dust ion ground tests and calibration, and further guarantees the comprehensiveness of space dust composition analysis of an impact type dust analyzer or other mass spectrometers, and effectively overcomes problems of large occupied area, long preparation time, dust particle element limitation and high cost of an existing high-speed dust accelerator system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] The accompanying drawings, which form a part of the present application, are intended to provide further understanding of the present application, and to make apparent the other features, objectives and advantages of the present application. The illustrative embodiments of the present application and their description serve the purpose of explanations and are not only the sole means for the practice of the present application. In the drawings:

[0015] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for generating ions by an impact target of an impact type dust analyzer according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0016] Figure 2 is a raw signal diagram and a spectrum analysis result schematic diagram of an ion generation impact target material being KHCO3 according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0017] Figure 3 is a raw signal diagram and a spectrum analysis result schematic diagram of an ion generation impact target material being 304 stainless steel according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0018] Figure 4 is a raw signal diagram and a spectrum analysis result schematic diagram of an ion generation impact target material being lead (Pb) according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] In the figure: 1-vacuum chamber, 2-pulse laser, 3-deflection mirror, 4-collimating and expanding mirror, 5-focusing mirror, 6-ion generation impact target, 7-signal acquisition module, 8-mass spectrum analysis display module, 9-quartz window. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the personnel in the technical field better understand the present application scheme, the technical scheme in the present application embodiment will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the drawings in the present application embodiment. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by the person skilled in the art without making creative labor should belong to the protection scope of the present application.

[0021] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like in the description and in the claims of the present application and the above-described accompanying drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific sequence or chronology. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented. In addition, the terms "include" and "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, for example, a process, method, system, product or apparatus including a series of steps or units does not necessarily have to be limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but can include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or apparatuses.

[0022] In the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "middle", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. These terms are mainly used to better describe the present application and its embodiments, and are not intended to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to have a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0023] Also, in addition to indicating the orientation or positional relationship, the above-mentioned partial terms can also be used to indicate other meanings, for example, the term "upper" can also be used to indicate a certain dependent relationship or connection relationship in some cases. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of these terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0024] In addition, the meaning of the term "a plurality of" should be two and more than two.

[0025] It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0026] As Figure 1As shown, the present application provides a system for generating ions by impact target of impact dust analyzer, comprising a vacuum chamber 1, a pulse laser 2, a laser guiding optical module, an ion generating impact target 6 and a mass spectrum analyzer, wherein: the pulse laser 2 is arranged on the outer wall of the top of the vacuum chamber 1; the laser guiding optical module and the ion generating impact target 6 are arranged inside the vacuum chamber 1; the laser generated by the pulse laser 2 enters the inside of the vacuum chamber 1 through the quartz window 9 at the top of the vacuum chamber 1 and irradiates on the laser guiding optical module; the laser guiding optical module deflects, collimates, expands and focuses the laser to make it irradiate on the surface of the ion generating impact target 6, thereby generating ions; different kinds of ions are generated by replacing the ion generating impact target 6 made of different materials; the mass spectrum analyzer comprises a signal acquisition module 7 and a mass spectrum analysis display module 8, the signal acquisition module 7 is arranged inside the vacuum chamber 1 and is used for acquiring different kinds of ions; the mass spectrum analysis display module 8 is arranged outside the vacuum chamber 1 and is used for testing and analyzing the acquired ions.

[0027] Specifically, the system for generating ions by impact target of impact dust analyzer provided by the embodiment of the present application generates stable nanometer laser of specific wavelength outside the quartz window 9 of the vacuum chamber 1 with a certain vacuum degree by a specially-made small pulse laser 2, and finally focuses the laser on the impact target made of different materials after optical processing such as deflection, collimation, expansion and focusing in the vacuum chamber 1, thereby generating different kinds of ion components required for ground test and calibration of impact dust analyzer; at the same time, different energy and speed distribution of ions can be formed on the surface of the impact target by adjusting the design parameters of different structural compositions. Among them, the vacuum chamber 1 is used to provide vacuum simulation environment; the pulse laser 2 is used to generate stable laser of specific energy; the laser guiding optical module is used to deflect, collimate, expand and focus the incident laser so that it can be gathered on the surface of the ion generating impact target 6; the ion generating impact target 6 can be processed from different materials, and different kinds of ions can be generated by the pulse laser incident on the surface of the impact target made of different materials; the mass spectrum analyzer is composed of a signal acquisition module 7 based on an electron multiplier and a mass spectrum analysis display module 8, which is used to display the kind of ion signal, thereby realizing ion generation, test and calibration of impact dust analyzer.

[0028] Further, the vacuum chamber 1 is made of stainless steel material and is vacuumized by a vacuum pump, and the internal vacuum degree is 1.0×10 -4 Pa, which meets the vacuum degree requirement of ion generation and test.

[0029] Further, the quartz window 9 is installed on the top of the vacuum chamber 1 through a flange, the diameter of the quartz window 9 is 60-100mm, the temperature it can withstand is ≤1100℃, and the light transmittance is >90%.

[0030] Specifically, the vacuum chamber 1 is made of stainless steel material as a whole, the shape and size of the vacuum chamber 1 are determined according to actual conditions, and the signal acquisition structure for completely placing the impact dust analyzer or other mass spectrometer instruments for ion flight test and calibration is required, the signal acquisition structure includes sensor support tool, ion acceleration grid and electron multiplier and the like according to actual conditions, and is mainly used for assisting in the collection and test of ion signals. The quartz window 9 is installed on the top of the vacuum chamber 1 through a flange and is located directly below the emission end of the pulsed laser 2, and is mainly used for the introduction of laser. The quartz window 9 has the characteristics of high temperature resistance and high light transmittance, and the diameter is preferably 80mm, can resist high temperature of 1100℃, and the light transmittance is >90%.

[0031] Further, the pulsed laser 2 is a special laser, the energy of the emitted pulsed laser is 100mJ, the laser wavelength is 1064nm, the spot size is 4mm, and the pulse width of the generated laser is <10ns. The energy and laser spot of the special laser must meet a certain stability, in the embodiment of the application, the energy of the emitted pulsed laser of the pulsed laser 2 is preferably 100mJ, the laser wavelength is preferably 1064nm, the spot size is preferably 4mm, and the pulse width of the generated laser is <10ns.

[0032] Further, the laser guiding optical module includes a deflection mirror 3, a collimating and expanding mirror 4 and a focusing mirror 5, wherein: the deflection mirror 3 is a plane mirror with a diameter of 25.4mm, and the adaptive laser wavelength range is 1047-1070nm; the collimating and expanding mirror 4 has a diameter of 25.4mm, an expansion ratio of 8 times, and a surface coated with an anti-reflection film; and the focusing mirror 5 is a double-cemented lens with a diameter of 25.4mm and a focal length of 200mm, and the spot size of the focused laser is 30μm. The laser guiding optical module is mainly used for deflecting, collimating and expanding, and focusing the incident laser, so that it can finally be focused on the inside of the impact target. The deflection mirror 3, the collimating and expanding mirror 4 and the focusing mirror 5 are all fixed inside the vacuum chamber 1, and the positional relationship and distance therebetween are determined according to the actual optical path design.

[0033] Further, the ion generating impact target 6 is made of metal element material or non-metal element material or mixed synthetic material of metal element and non-metal element. The ion generating impact target 6 is made of different materials, which can be designed as common metal and non-metal elements in space dust, metal elements including iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), potassium (K), lead (Pb) and sodium (Na) and the like; non-metal elements including carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), silicon (Si), sulfur (S) and the like, and the impact target material can also be designed as a synthetic material of several materials. After the material of the ion generating impact target 6 is determined and processed according to actual conditions, it is placed at the focal point of the focusing mirror 5 module.

[0034] Specifically, when the laser of a certain energy is focused on the surface material (including metal and non-metal) of the ion generation impact target 6, an ablation plasma is generated on the surface of the material, and the initial motion direction and energy of the ions in the plasma have a certain distribution, as shown in Figures 2-4 Under the condition of applying an electric field, ions of different components can be separated, and the component information of the ions generated by impacting the material of the target 6 can be measured based on the ion time-of-flight principle. Subsequently, by accurately adjusting the detailed design parameters of each structure, ions of various energy and speed distributions required in the laboratory can be effectively generated, meeting the ion generation, detection and calibration requirements of the impact type dust analyzer, and effectively overcoming the problems of large floor area, long preparation time, limitation of dust particle elements, high cost and the like of the high-speed dust accelerator system.

[0035] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A system for generating ions by impacting a target in a simulated impactor dust analyzer, characterized in that, It includes a vacuum chamber, a pulsed laser, a laser-guided optical module, an ion-generating impact target, and a mass spectrometer, among which: The pulsed laser is mounted on the outer wall at the top of the vacuum chamber; Both the laser-guided optical module and the ion-generating impact target are located inside the vacuum chamber. The laser generated by the pulsed laser enters the interior of the vacuum chamber through the quartz window at the top of the vacuum chamber and irradiates the laser guiding optical module; The laser-guided optical module deflects, collimates, expands, and focuses the laser beam, causing it to irradiate the surface of the ion-generating target, thereby generating ions. By replacing the ions with different materials to generate the impact target, different types of ions can be generated. The mass spectrometer includes a signal acquisition module and a mass spectrometry analysis display module. The signal acquisition module is located inside the vacuum chamber and is used to acquire different types of ions. The mass spectrometry analysis display module is located outside the vacuum chamber and is used to test and analyze the acquired ions.

2. The system for generating ions by impacting a target in a simulated impactor dust analyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vacuum chamber is made of stainless steel and is evacuated using a vacuum pump, achieving an internal vacuum level of 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. -4 Pa.

3. The system for generating ions by impacting a target in a simulated impactor dust analyzer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The quartz window is installed on the top of the vacuum chamber via a flange. The diameter of the quartz window is 60-100mm, the temperature it can withstand is ≤1100℃, and the light transmittance is >90%.

4. The system for generating ions by impacting a target in a simulated impact dust analyzer according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pulsed laser is a specially designed laser with an output pulsed laser energy of 100mJ, a laser wavelength of 1064nm, a spot size of 4mm, and a pulse width of <10ns.

5. The system for generating ions by impacting a target in a simulated impactor dust analyzer according to claim 4, characterized in that, The laser-guided optical module includes a deflector, a collimating beam expander, and a focusing lens, wherein: The deflecting mirror is a plane mirror with a diameter of 25.4 mm and is suitable for laser wavelengths of 1047-1070 nm. The collimating beam expander has a diameter of 25.4 mm, a beam expansion factor of 8, and an anti-reflective coating on its surface. The focusing lens is a cemented doublet lens with a diameter of 25.4 mm and a focal length of 200 mm. The size of the laser spot after focusing is 30 μm.

6. The system for generating ions by impacting a target in a simulated impactor dust analyzer according to claim 5, characterized in that, The material used to generate the ion impact target is made of metallic elements, non-metallic elements, or a mixture of metallic and non-metallic elements.

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