Multifunctional artificial courtyard structure applied to continuous mining of thin vein

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mining, and discloses a multifunctional artificial courtyard structure applied to continuous mining of a thin vein, and in the mining and filling stages of a first mining room, the functions of pedestrian ventilation, blasting protection and filling dehydration can be achieved at the same time; and after filling of the first mining room is completed, the original structure space can be converted into a later mining room cutting courtyard by removing part of the artificial courtyard frame. A temporary and reusable structure is used for replacing a permanent ore wall, ore-wall-free continuous mining of a thin vein is achieved, the effects of improving the resource recovery rate, improving the production efficiency and reducing the cost are achieved, the problems that due to a traditional mining mode of a chamber and an ore wall, resource loss is large, and continuous operation cannot be achieved are solved, and in 2022, the mining efficiency is greatly improved. The project of'thin vein mining, selecting and filling collaborative efficient green continuous mining technology and equipment 'is listed into the important special item of'strategic mineral resource development and utilization' of national key research and development. The content of the invention belongs to one of key technologies for supporting the implementation of the project.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mining technology, specifically to a multifunctional artificial riser structure for continuous mining of thin ore veins. Background Technology

[0002] Thin veins account for more than half of my country's scarce and precious strategic resources and non-ferrous metal mineral reserves, and their efficient and safe mining is of great significance to ensuring national resource security. However, these veins generally suffer from inherent problems such as thin vein body, large morphological variations, and narrow mining operation space, resulting in high ore dilution rates and high production costs during the mining process.

[0003] Currently, in the mining of thin veins, the mine wall primarily serves to isolate adjacent goaf areas and relies on its internal working shafts and connecting roadways to achieve key functions such as pedestrian access, ventilation, and backfilling / dewatering. However, this traditional model has insurmountable drawbacks. To ensure its safety and stability as a permanent support structure, the mine wall is typically designed to be large, inevitably occupying a significant amount of valuable mineral resources, which ultimately become permanent losses and cannot be recovered, resulting in substantial resource waste. Furthermore, thin vein mining requires the excavation of dedicated cutting shafts within each goaf, which not only significantly increases the amount of preparation work but also complicates the operational process, directly leading to low production efficiency, increased mining costs, and additional safety risks. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a multifunctional artificial riser structure for continuous mining of thin veins, which solves the problems of resource loss due to the setting of permanent mine walls, increased costs due to repeated excavation and cutting of risers, and low production efficiency due to discontinuous mining processes in traditional thin vein mining methods.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a multifunctional artificial well structure for continuous mining of thin veins, set within a well body pre-dug to connect two intermediate transport channels, the multifunctional artificial well structure comprising: an explosion-proof curtain suspended along one inner wall of the well body; an artificial well frame constructed of multiple rigid square timbers, set within the well body and located on the other side of the explosion-proof curtain; a dewatering filter cloth laid and fixed to the inner wall surface of the artificial well frame; and a ladder erected within the space enclosed by the dewatering filter cloth.

[0006] Preferably, the explosion-proof curtain is installed on the side of the main body of the well near the initial mining room, and is suspended from top to bottom in sections along the rock wall of the well body, with the rock drilling tunnel as the boundary.

[0007] Preferably, the artificial well frame is constructed by multiple long strips of hardwood timber, which are joined together vertically and horizontally along the perimeter of the well wall of the well body.

[0008] Preferably, a fixed rock cavity is carved into the rock wall on the side of the well body near the pre-mined chamber, and one end of the horizontal hard square timber in the artificial well frame is tightly embedded in the fixed rock cavity.

[0009] Preferably, the dewatering filter cloth is fixed to the inner wall surface of the hardwood that constitutes the artificial well frame by nailing.

[0010] Preferably, the ladder is installed inside the artificial courtyard frame and connected to the connecting ladder installed in the upper top column, forming a safe passage connecting the upper and lower middle sections of the transport channel.

[0011] Preferably, the well body is connected to the drilling tunnel used for constructing blast holes, and is connected to the intermediate transport roadway in the footwall of the ore body through the ore loading roadway constructed vertically to the ore vein.

[0012] Preferably, after the initial mining chamber is filled, the three sides of the artificial well frame, except for the side closest to the initial mining chamber, are removed, and the remaining structure and space constitute a cutting well for subsequent mining.

[0013] Preferably, the explosion-proof curtain is made of recycled transport belts.

[0014] Preferably, when the length dimension of the well body is large, the hard timber constituting the length structure is formed by combining two sections, and cross bracing is added in the short axis direction for reinforcement.

[0015] Working principle: First, at the boundary of two adjacent mining blocks along the vein's direction, a shaft is pre-excavated to connect the upper and lower intermediate transport channels. Then, on the side wall closer to the mining block, an explosion-proof curtain made of materials such as discarded conveyor belts is suspended as a flexible protective layer against subsequent blasting impacts. Behind the curtain, a square artificial shaft frame is constructed using rigid timber. The horizontal timbers on the side closer to the mining block are firmly embedded in fixed rock sockets on the rock wall to ensure stability. Dewatering filter cloth is laid on the inner wall of the frame, and a ladder is installed inside. During the blasting mining of the mining block, this artificial shaft structure primarily serves as a safety passage and protective barrier. When the mining block is fully mined and enters the backfilling stage, its function automatically switches to dewatering. In the well, water in the filling slurry is discharged through a dewatering filter cloth, while solid materials are effectively solidified in the goaf. After the filling of the pre-mined house solidifies, workers enter the well and remove and recycle the three hard timbers that are not embedded in the rock cavity. Since the structure on the side closest to the pre-mined house is still retained, the space of the original well and the space occupied by the demolished structure naturally merge, forming a new open area that is close to the edge of the post-mined house and runs vertically through it. This is the cutting well. Therefore, the cumbersome process of constructing a new cutting well for mining the post-mined house is eliminated. The preparation for the next stage of stope cutting is completed directly by using the finishing work of the previous operation. By continuously replicating along the vein, a seamless cycle is achieved, which fundamentally solves the problems of ore wall source loss and complicated procedures in the traditional pillar mining method.

[0016] This invention provides a multifunctional artificial riser structure for continuous mining of thin ore veins. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention constructs a temporary, multifunctional artificial well structure at the boundary of adjacent mining blocks, and converts it into a cutting well for the subsequent mining block after the first mining block is filled. This eliminates the need for permanently maintained mine walls to provide isolation and support, avoiding resource loss due to ore occupation and significantly improving mineral resource recovery. By realizing this functional conversion, the separate process of excavating a dedicated cutting well for mining adjacent blocks is eliminated, greatly simplifying the preparatory work, saving costs, and shortening the mining cycle.

[0017] 2. This invention utilizes discarded conveyor belts as the material for explosion-proof curtains and designs a removable and reusable artificial well frame, thereby achieving resource recycling. In particular, most of the hard timber in the artificial well frame, except for the side near the mining room, can be removed after functional conversion and used for the construction of artificial wells in the next area. This can significantly reduce the consumption of support materials. Combined with the elimination of the amount of work required to open and cut new wells, it comprehensively reduces material costs and construction costs, making mining operations more economical.

[0018] 3. This invention constructs a stable protection system that combines rigidity and flexibility by pre-setting fixed rock sockets on the rock wall of the artificial well to embed and fix horizontal hard square timbers, and suspending explosion-proof curtains for flexible protection. The fixed rock sockets effectively transfer the blasting impact force to the surrounding rock, greatly enhancing the structural stability of the artificial well frame; while the explosion-proof curtains can effectively absorb and buffer the impact energy, ensuring the safety and integrity of the artificial well structure under blasting operations, and providing reliable safety protection for underground workers and subsequent processes. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0020] Among them, 1. Top column; 2. Cutting shaft; 3. Shaft body; 4. Intermediate transport roadway; 5. Ore loading access road; 6. Rock drilling tunnel; 7. Blasting hole; 8. Explosion-proof curtain; 9. Hard timber; 10. Dewatering filter cloth; 11. Rock fixing socket; 12. Ladder. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Example: Please see the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 3 This invention provides a multifunctional artificial well structure for continuous mining of thin veins. It is installed in a well body 3 that is pre-dug to connect two intermediate transport channels 4. The multifunctional artificial well structure includes: an explosion-proof curtain 8, which is suspended along one inner wall of the well body 3; an artificial well frame made of multiple hard square timbers 9, which is installed in the well body 3 and located on the other side of the explosion-proof curtain 8; a dewatering filter cloth 10, which is laid and fixed to the inner wall surface of the artificial well frame; and a ladder 12, which is erected in the space enclosed by the dewatering filter cloth 10.

[0023] To effectively withstand the strong shock waves and flying rocks generated during the blasting operation of the pre-mined chamber (7), and to protect the main structure of the subsequently constructed artificial well from damage, an explosion-proof curtain 8, serving as a flexible protective barrier, is suspended along the rock wall of the well body 3 on the side closest to the pre-mined chamber. Preferably, to save costs and ensure sufficient impact resistance, the explosion-proof curtain 8 can be made from recycled conveyor belts, and its width must be sufficient to cover the entire working surface to ensure comprehensive protection.

[0024] Next, under the protection of the explosion-proof curtain 8, the artificial well frame, which serves as the core load-bearing structure, is constructed behind it. This frame is carefully constructed from multiple long strips of hard square timber 9, which are joined together vertically and horizontally along the perimeter of the well body 3. To ensure the absolute stability of the frame under blasting impact, several fixing rock sockets 11 are pre-carved in the rock wall of the well body 3 near the pre-mined chamber. During construction, one end of the horizontal hard square timber 9 is tightly embedded into the fixing rock socket 11 by tamping or other methods, forming a strong semi-rigid connection, which greatly improves the overall frame's ability to resist lateral impact. The square timbers can be reliably fixed by connecting them with steel nails or binding them with wire. After the artificial well frame is constructed, in order to realize the filling and dewatering function that this structure undertakes after the pre-mined chamber is mined, dewatering filter cloth 10 needs to be carefully laid and fixed on the inner wall surface of the artificial well frame. The dewatering filter cloth 10 is firmly nailed to the inner surface of the hardwood 9. Its function is to act as an efficient dewatering well when filling the pre-mined chamber with paste or mortar. Moisture in the filling slurry can permeate through the filter cloth and be discharged through the channels inside the structure, while solid particles are effectively intercepted in the goaf, ensuring the compactness and strength of the filling body and the well frame.

[0025] Finally, to ensure the structure's continuous pedestrian and ventilation functions, a ladder 12 must be carefully installed within the internal space enclosed by the dewatering filter cloth 10. The installation of this ladder 12 must avoid damaging the already laid dewatering filter cloth 10. It will connect with the pre-installed connecting ladder inside the upper pillar 1, forming a complete and reliable safety passage connecting the two intermediate transport channels 4, serving multiple purposes including personnel passage, equipment transport, and mining area ventilation. After the mining chamber is filled and the filling reaches the predetermined strength, except for the most critical element embedded in the fixed rock cavity 11... Except for the square timber and explosion-proof curtain 8 on one side, the hard square timber 9 on the other three sides can be dismantled, recycled and reused. The original skylight space, together with the dismantled structural space, naturally forms a new cutting skylight 2 for mining in the adjacent mining room. This achieves seamless connection and continuous mining operations. By using a temporary and reusable artificial structure to successfully replace the permanent mine wall, not only is the occupation and loss of valuable mineral resources avoided, but also the process is simplified through the ingenious conversion and integration of functions, achieving high efficiency, safety and economy in thin vein mining.

[0026] The explosion-proof safety curtain 8 faces the blasting area to absorb and buffer the impact energy and high-speed flying ore and rock generated during blasting from the blast holes 7 of the pre-mined chamber. Its segmented installation method makes operations in the high shaft space more convenient and safer. Simultaneously, using each layer of drilling tunnel 6 as a reference for installation or fixing ensures the systematic nature and accuracy of the suspended operation, guaranteeing that the curtain can completely and seamlessly cover the entire impact surface, thus forming a reliable flexible protective barrier. Furthermore, in mine production, conveyor belts are periodically replaced due to wear, generating a large amount of waste. These discarded belts themselves possess extremely high tensile strength, impact toughness, and wear resistance, thus meeting the requirements of the explosion-proof safety curtain 8.

[0027] Please see the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 3 The artificial well frame is constructed by multiple long, rigid square timbers 9 interlocking vertically and horizontally along the perimeter of the well body 3. Fixing recesses 11 are carved into the rock wall of the well body 3 near the pre-mined chamber. One end of each horizontal rigid square timber 9 in the artificial well frame is tightly embedded in the fixing recess 11. When the length dimension of the well body 3 is large, the rigid square timbers 9 constituting the length structure are formed by combining two sections, with additional horizontal bracing added along their short axis for reinforcement. The dewatering filter cloth 10 is fixed to the artificial well frame by nailing. On the inner wall surface of the hardwood timber 9, the ladder 12 is installed inside the artificial well frame and connected to the connecting ladder installed in the upper top column 1, forming a safe passage connecting the upper and lower middle transport channels 4. The well body 3 is connected to the rock drilling tunnel 6 used for constructing blast holes 7, and is connected to the middle transport channel 4 of the ore body footwall through the ore loading access road 5 constructed vertically to the ore vein. After the initial mining chamber is filled, the three sides of the hardwood timber 9 in the artificial well frame except for the side closest to the initial mining chamber are removed, and the remaining structure and space formed constitute the cutting well 2 for the mining of the subsequent mining chamber.

[0028] Hardwood 9 is selected as the main material for the artificial well frame. It relies on its strength and toughness to withstand rock pressure and blasting impact. At the same time, it is easy to process and assemble in the limited space underground. Through the above support technology, a stable and strong cage frame structure can be formed. It is not only the foundation for laying the dewatering filter cloth 10 and erecting the ladder 12, but also plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the well space during filling and functional conversion. When the ore vein is thick, resulting in a large length dimension of the pre-excavated well body 3, a single piece of hardwood 9 may not meet the requirements in terms of length or strength. The rigid square timber 9, which forms the frame along its length, is assembled in two sections. Simultaneously, transverse bracing is added along its short axis for reinforcement to prevent instability or excessive deflection under pressure. This effectively ensures that the artificial well frame maintains sufficient rigidity and stability in wells of different sizes, thus improving its applicability. Several pre-dug fixed rock pits 11 provide a rigid anchor point for the artificial well frame, effectively transferring the enormous lateral impact force from the blasting of the pre-mined chamber to the stable surrounding rock mass through the transverse square timber. This greatly enhances the overturning and damage resistance of the entire structure, ensuring its survivability under harsh working conditions. Dewatering filter cloth 10 is used to reinforce the solid frame. The material is effectively intercepted, thereby achieving solid-liquid separation and ensuring the quality of the filling body. The internal passage of the isolated artificial well is extended upward through the connecting ladder in the upper top column 1 via ladder 12, and seamlessly connected with the safety exit or passage network in the upper part of the mining area, providing reliable protection for daily inspection and emergency evacuation of personnel. The well body 3 is closely connected with multiple key mining projects, making it a central node connecting multiple links such as drilling, blasting, ore extraction, and transportation, fully demonstrating its multi-functionality. The space occupied by the square timber is merged with the original space of the well body 3 to form the cutting well 2, eliminating the need to spend a lot of engineering to dig a new cutting well, realizing seamless functional conversion and continuous mining operations.

[0029] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-functional adit structure for thin vein continuous mining, which is provided in an adit body (3) previously excavated for connecting upper and lower middle section haulage roads (4), characterized in that, The multifunctional artificial roof structure comprises an explosion-proof leather curtain (8) hung along the inner wall of one side of the roof body (3), an artificial roof frame formed by overlapping a plurality of hard square timbers (9) and arranged in the roof body (3) and located on the other side of the explosion-proof leather curtain (8), a dehydration filter cloth (10) laid and fixed on the inner wall surface of the artificial roof frame, and a ladder (12) erected in the space surrounded by the dehydration filter cloth (10).

2. The multi-functional artificial shaft structure for continuous mining of thin veins according to claim 1, characterized in that, The explosion-proof leather curtain (8) is arranged on the side of the roof body (3) close to the first mining room, is delimited by the rock drilling roadway (6), and is hung along the rock wall of the roof body (3) in sections from top to bottom.

3. The multi-functional artificial shaft structure for continuous mining of thin veins according to claim 1, characterized in that, The artificial roof frame is formed by a plurality of long strip-shaped hard square timbers (9) in a vertical and horizontal overlapping manner along the wall of the roof body (3).

4. The multi-functional artificial shaft structure for continuous mining of thin veins according to claim 3, characterized in that, The rock wall on the side of the roof body (3) close to the mining room is provided with a fixed rock nest (11), and one end of the horizontal hard square timber (9) in the artificial roof frame is closely embedded in the fixed rock nest (11).

5. The multi-functional artificial shaft structure for continuous mining of thin veins according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dehydration filter cloth (10) is fixed on the inner wall surface of the hard square timber (9) constituting the artificial roof frame by nailing.

6. The multi-functional artificial shaft structure for continuous mining of thin veins according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ladder (12) is erected in the artificial roof frame and is connected with a connecting ladder arranged in the upper top column (1) to form a safe passage connecting the upper and lower middle section transport roads (4).

7. The multi-functional artificial shaft structure for continuous mining of thin veins according to claim 1, characterized in that, The roof body (3) is connected with the rock drilling roadway (6) for construction of a blast hole (7) and is connected with the middle section transport road (4) of the lower wall of the ore body through a vertical ore vein construction ore loading access (5).

8. The multi-functional artificial shaft structure for continuous mining of thin veins according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the filling of the first mining room is completed, the three hard square timbers (9) of the artificial roof frame except the one close to the first mining room are removed, and the remaining structure and space form a cutting roof (2) for mining of a subsequent mining room.

9. The multi-functional artificial shaft structure for the continuous mining of thin veins according to claim 2, characterized in that, The material of the explosion-proof leather curtain (8) is a waste transport belt.

10. The multi-functional artificial shaft structure for the continuous mining of thin veins according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the length direction size of the roof body (3) is large, the hard square timbers (9) constituting the length direction structure are formed in a two-section combination manner and are reinforced by adding cross supports in the short axis direction.

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