Microwave measuring device

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a microwave measuring device, and belongs to the technical field of microwave measurement. The device comprises: a shielding cover plate, the shielding cover plate comprises a cover plate body, a plurality of beryllium copper springs and a plurality of conductive silicon rubbers; wherein the cover plate body is provided with a plurality of mounting grooves, each conductive silicon rubber is mounted in the corresponding mounting groove, and each beryllium copper spring is embedded in the corresponding conductive silicon rubber; the cover plate body is provided with a plurality of round holes, the diameter of each round hole is determined according to a preset cutoff frequency; a first box body, the first box body is adaptively connected with the cover plate body; a pulse measurement circuit, the pulse measurement circuit is arranged in the first box body, and the pulse measurement circuit is used for collecting a microwave signal and performing pulse measurement on the microwave signal. The embodiment of the application can improve the electromagnetic shielding effect of the microwave measuring device, and further improve the accuracy of the microwave signal measurement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of microwave measurement technology, and in particular to a microwave measurement device. Background Technology

[0002] As the power and waveform characteristics of microwave signals increasingly become core indicators for evaluating system performance and electromagnetic safety, microwave measurement devices, as equipment capable of accurately measuring and analyzing microwave signals, have been widely used in various fields. For example, in the field of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), by mounting microwave measurement devices on UAVs, it is possible to perform close-range sampling and rapid evaluation of microwave signals emitted by radar.

[0003] In the use of microwave measurement devices, sensors or receiving antennas are typically used to directly acquire microwave signals in space and convert them into microwave electrical signals for measurement. However, high-power microwave signals and high-frequency electromagnetic waves can easily enter the device through unexpected paths such as gaps or interfaces, causing electromagnetic leakage. This can lead to the breakdown of components or signal distortion, thereby reducing the accuracy of the device's microwave signal measurement. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the electromagnetic shielding effect of the microwave measurement device to prevent high-power microwave signals and high-frequency electromagnetic waves from entering the device through unexpected paths.

[0004] However, in related technologies, the electromagnetic shielding effect of microwave measurement devices is poor, which reduces the accuracy of microwave signal measurement. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this application is to provide a microwave measuring device that improves the electromagnetic shielding effect of the microwave measuring device, thereby improving the accuracy of microwave signal measurement.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides a microwave measurement device, the device comprising:

[0007] A shielding cover plate includes a cover plate body, multiple beryllium copper springs, and multiple conductive silicone rubbers; wherein, the cover plate body is provided with multiple mounting grooves, each of the conductive silicone rubbers is installed in a corresponding mounting groove, and each of the beryllium copper springs is embedded in a corresponding conductive silicone rubber; the cover plate body is provided with multiple circular holes, the diameter of each circular hole being determined according to a preset cutoff frequency;

[0008] The first box body is adapted and connected to the cover plate body;

[0009] A pulse measurement circuit is disposed within the first housing. The pulse measurement circuit is used to acquire microwave signals and to perform pulse measurement on the microwave signals.

[0010] In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes:

[0011] A battery box is disposed adjacent to the first box body, and the battery box is used to supply power to the pulse measurement circuit;

[0012] The shielding cover has an opening that is adapted to and connected to the opening end of the battery box.

[0013] In some embodiments, the battery box includes:

[0014] A choke groove is disposed on the circumferential surface of the opening end of the battery box at a position away from the edge of the opening end. The depth of the choke groove is determined according to a preset wavelength threshold. The choke groove is used to suppress the microwave signal from entering the battery box.

[0015] In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes:

[0016] The second housing is nested and connected to the first housing, and the second housing is used to provide physical protection for the pulse measurement circuit inside the first housing.

[0017] In some embodiments, the pulse measurement circuit includes:

[0018] A microwave sensor, used to acquire the microwave signal;

[0019] A signal adjustment unit is electrically connected to the microwave sensor and is used to adjust the microwave signal to obtain an adjusted microwave signal.

[0020] A microwave measurement unit is electrically connected to the signal adjustment unit, and the microwave measurement unit is used to perform pulse measurement on the adjustment microwave signal.

[0021] In some embodiments, the signal adjustment unit includes:

[0022] A first attenuation module is electrically connected to the microwave sensor. The first attenuation module is used to attenuate the signal amplitude of the microwave signal according to a preset attenuation amount to obtain an attenuated microwave signal.

[0023] A signal amplification module is electrically connected to the first attenuation module. The signal amplification module is used to enhance the attenuated microwave signal to obtain a high signal-to-noise ratio microwave signal.

[0024] A detection module is electrically connected to the signal amplification module. The detection module is used to perform detection processing on the high signal-to-noise ratio microwave signal to obtain the adjustment microwave signal.

[0025] In some embodiments, the microwave measurement unit includes:

[0026] The second attenuation module is electrically connected to the signal adjustment unit. The second attenuation module is used to perform signal smoothing processing on the adjusted microwave signal to obtain a smooth microwave signal.

[0027] A signal conversion module, which is electrically connected to the second attenuation module, is used to perform signal digitization processing on the smoothed microwave signal to obtain a digital microwave signal;

[0028] A microwave measurement module is electrically connected to the signal conversion module, and the microwave measurement module is used to perform pulse measurement on the digital microwave signal.

[0029] In some embodiments, the pulse measurement circuit further includes:

[0030] An attenuation adjustment unit, which is electrically connected to the first attenuation module;

[0031] The control unit is electrically connected to the attenuation adjustment unit and is used to send an attenuation adjustment command to the attenuation adjustment unit so that the attenuation adjustment unit adjusts the preset attenuation amount of the first attenuation module.

[0032] In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes:

[0033] A fan, electrically connected to the battery box, is used to dissipate heat from the pulse measurement circuit.

[0034] The battery box is also used to power the fan.

[0035] In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes:

[0036] A display, electrically connected to the pulse measurement circuit, is used to display the pulse measurement results output by the pulse measurement circuit.

[0037] The microwave measurement device proposed in this application includes: a shielding cover plate, which comprises a cover plate body, multiple beryllium copper springs, and multiple conductive silicone rubbers; wherein, the cover plate body is provided with multiple mounting slots, each conductive silicone rubber is installed in a corresponding mounting slot, and each beryllium copper spring is embedded in a corresponding conductive silicone rubber; the cover plate body is provided with multiple circular holes, the diameter of each circular hole being determined according to a preset cutoff frequency; a first housing, which is adapted and connected to the cover plate body; and a pulse measurement circuit, which is disposed in the first housing and is used to acquire microwave signals and to perform pulse measurement on the microwave signals.

[0038] This application utilizes an electromagnetic sealing structure comprised of mounting grooves, beryllium copper springs, and conductive silicone on a shielding cover plate. Multiple circular holes designed according to a preset cutoff frequency are also provided on the shielding cover plate to effectively block electromagnetic waves outside the preset frequency range. Simultaneously, a pulse measurement circuit is placed within the first housing, allowing the pulse measurement circuit to acquire and measure microwave signals under electromagnetic shielding conditions. This reduces the risk of device breakdown and signal distortion caused by external high-power microwave signals and high-frequency electromagnetic waves entering the device through gaps or interfaces. In other words, the microwave measurement device provided by this application improves the electromagnetic shielding effect, thereby enhancing the accuracy of microwave signal measurements. Attached Figure Description

[0039] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the technical solutions of this application and constitute a part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of this application to explain the technical solutions of this application and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions of this application.

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic radiation path provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0041] Figure 2A This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the microwave measuring device provided in the embodiments of this application from a first perspective;

[0042] Figure 2B This is a schematic diagram of the microwave measuring device provided in the embodiments of this application from a second perspective;

[0043] Figure 2C This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shielding cover provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 2D This is a schematic diagram of the battery box provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 3A This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of the circular hole provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0046] Figure 3B This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the circular hole provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0047] Figure 4A This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second box body provided in the embodiments of this application from a first perspective;

[0048] Figure 4B This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second box body provided in the embodiments of this application from a second perspective;

[0049] Figure 5A This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of the pulse measurement circuit provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0050] Figure 5B This is a schematic diagram of a second structure of the pulse measurement circuit provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0051] Figure 5C This is a schematic diagram of the third structure of the pulse measurement circuit provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0052] Figure 5D This is a schematic diagram of the fourth structure of the pulse measurement circuit provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0053] Figure 5E This is a schematic diagram of the fifth structure of the pulse measurement circuit provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0054] Figure 6 This is a comparison diagram of the electromagnetic shielding effects of different displays provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0055] Figure 7A This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the intelligent data acquisition and monitoring system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0056] Figure 7B This is a schematic diagram of the button function area provided in the embodiment of this application.

[0057] Figure label:

[0058] Shielding cover 100, cover body 110, beryllium copper spring 120, mounting groove 130, round hole 140, opening 150, first box 200, battery box 300, choke groove 310, second box 400, welding reserved groove 410, weld 420, male and female grooves 430. Detailed Implementation

[0059] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0060] First, let's analyze some of the terms used in this application:

[0061] Microwave signals refer to electromagnetic wave signals with frequencies ranging from 300 MHz to 300 GHz. The power, frequency, and waveform characteristics of microwave signals are commonly used in fields such as communications, radar, and electromagnetic compatibility testing, and are core indicators for evaluating system performance and electromagnetic safety.

[0062] Electromagnetic leakage refers to the phenomenon where electromagnetic waves propagate from the inside of an electronic device or system to the external environment or from the external environment to the inside through unintended paths, such as gaps, holes, or interfaces. For a better understanding of the principles behind electromagnetic leakage, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic radiation path provided in the embodiments of this application. Specifically, if an electronic device is near a high-power microwave source (e.g., with a field strength reaching kilovolts per meter), the electromagnetic energy of the microwave source can directly intrude into the front coupling part of the electronic device through conduction paths such as signal lines and power lines, including antenna coupling and transmission line coupling, causing device breakdown and signal distortion. Simultaneously, the electromagnetic wave signal from the microwave source can also penetrate into the rear coupling part through structural defects such as chassis gaps and holes, including connection coupling, slot coupling, and dielectric penetration, causing circuit disorder and functional failure. Electromagnetic leakage may lead to equipment overheating, performance degradation, or even permanent damage.

[0063] Electromagnetic shielding refers to technical measures taken to reduce or block the propagation of electromagnetic waves in space by using conductive materials or other shielding methods to solve the problem of electromagnetic leakage, thereby preventing electromagnetic interference or protecting sensitive equipment from electromagnetic radiation.

[0064] The application of microwave measurement devices has provided crucial technical support for fields such as communications, radar, and electromagnetic effect assessment, improving the accuracy of system performance testing and electromagnetic safety evaluation. However, existing microwave measurement devices still have certain limitations in practical applications. For example, in the field of combat effectiveness assessment, electromagnetic wave signals now exhibit megavolt-per-meter field strength, nanosecond-level rise time, gigahertz-level wideband, and kilometer-level effective range, mainly originating from ultra-wideband high-power microwaves (bandwidth exceeding 1 gigahertz), narrowband high-power microwaves (peak power greater than 1 gigawatt), and phased array radar pulses emitted by electromagnetic pulse weapons. Microwave measurement devices in related technologies typically employ large, fixed, or vehicle-mounted designs, resulting in bulky devices with poor mobility. Given the evolution of modern warfare towards multi-platform collaboration and the rapid deployment of electromagnetic pulse weapon systems across diverse platforms such as missile-borne, UAV, and fixed-site systems, such microwave measurement devices are difficult to quickly deploy or integrate into mobile platforms (such as UAVs and light armored vehicles). Furthermore, the signal acquisition and processing modules of these devices have high power requirements, necessitating reliance on vehicle-mounted power supplies or fixed power stations, making them unsuitable for prolonged operation in the field or under mobile conditions. Furthermore, the circuit components in this device are mostly designed in a discrete manner, with each functional module such as the front-end sensor, signal processing module, and data storage module being independently packaged. This results in low system reliability, high vulnerability, and long maintenance cycles, making it difficult to meet the needs of rapid support on the battlefield.

[0065] Overall, with the increasing demand for mobile deployment in the field, large microwave measurement devices have shown significant limitations in adaptability. For example, in the field of UAV countermeasures, the size of microwave measurement devices makes them difficult to integrate into small and medium-sized UAV platforms; forcing their installation would severely restrict the UAVs' endurance and maneuverability. In ground measurement missions, although such devices can provide high measurement accuracy and system stability, their bulky structure, long deployment cycle, huge energy consumption, and complex maintenance requirements make them completely unsuitable for the tactical requirements of rapid mobile deployment and covert reconnaissance operations on the modern battlefield. Therefore, this application provides a microwave measurement device designed to improve the electromagnetic shielding effect and simplify the device structure, thereby improving the accuracy of microwave signal measurements.

[0066] The following will combine Figures 2A to 5E The present application provides a clear and complete description of the structural schematic diagram of a microwave measuring device according to the embodiments. Obviously, the embodiments described below are some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments.

[0067] refer to Figure 2A and Figure 2B , Figure 2A This is a schematic diagram of the microwave measuring device provided in the embodiments of this application from a first perspective. Figure 2BThis is a schematic diagram of the microwave measuring device provided in this application embodiment from a second perspective. The first perspective is a front view; the second perspective is a top view. The microwave measuring device includes: a shielding cover plate 100, a first housing 200, and a pulse measuring circuit.

[0068] The shielding cover 100 includes a cover body 110, multiple beryllium copper springs 120, and multiple conductive silicone rubbers. The cover body 110 has multiple mounting slots 130, each conductive silicone rubber is installed in a corresponding mounting slot 130, and each beryllium copper spring 120 is embedded in a corresponding conductive silicone rubber. The cover body 110 also has multiple circular holes 140, the diameter of which is determined according to a preset cutoff frequency.

[0069] The first box 200 is adapted to and connected to the cover plate body 110;

[0070] The pulse measurement circuit is located inside the first housing 200. The pulse measurement circuit is used to acquire microwave signals and to perform pulse measurement on the microwave signals.

[0071] In some embodiments of this application, the shielding cover 100 includes a cover body 110, a plurality of beryllium copper springs 120, a plurality of conductive silicone rubbers, and a plurality of circular holes 140. The cover body 110 can refer to the main structure used to constitute the shielding cover 100. For example, as... Figure 2C As shown, Figure 2C This is a schematic diagram of the shielding cover plate provided in this application embodiment. The cover plate body 110 can be a cover structure made of aluminum alloy. It should be noted that the specific material used to manufacture the cover plate body 110 can be adjusted according to actual electromagnetic shielding performance, weight limitations, or cost requirements. The beryllium copper spring 120 can refer to the elastic conductive element on the shielding cover plate 100 used to form an electromagnetic sealing structure. The beryllium copper spring 120 is embedded in a corresponding conductive silicone. For example, such as... Figure 2A As shown, the shielding cover 100 includes two beryllium copper springs 120. Each beryllium copper spring 120 can be an assembly of multiple springs made of beryllium copper alloy connected together, and each beryllium copper spring 120 is embedded in a corresponding conductive silicone. It is understood that the beryllium copper springs 120 can undergo adaptive deformation during insertion and removal, and the number of beryllium copper springs 120 is the same as the number of conductive silicone. The conductive silicone can refer to an elastic conductive material disposed within the mounting groove 130. For example, such as... Figure 2CAs shown, the conductive silicone can be an electromagnetic interference (EMI) pad or a conductive rubber gasket disposed within the mounting groove 130. It is understood that the specific type of conductive silicone can be adjusted according to actual needs, and the quantity of conductive silicone is the same as the number of mounting grooves 130. The mounting groove 130 can refer to a recessed structure on the cover plate body 110 used to position and accommodate the conductive silicone. For example, as... Figure 2C As shown, two mounting slots 130 are equidistantly spaced along the circumference of the cover plate body 110. The cross-sectional shape of each mounting slot 130 matches the beryllium copper spring piece 120, ensuring that the beryllium copper spring piece 120 embedded with conductive silicone remains radially limited and provides elastic support during insertion and removal. It should be noted that the number of mounting slots 130 can be adjusted according to actual needs. Figure 2B As shown, the circular hole 140 can refer to a circular cutoff waveguide hole disposed on the cover plate body 110. Each circular hole 140 can facilitate the connection of an external cable or connector to the pulse measurement circuit inside the first housing 200. For example, as Figure 3A and Figure 3B As shown, Figure 3A This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of the circular hole provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 3A The circular hole in the middle is used for fiber optic connection, that is, fiber optic cutoff waveguide hole; Figure 3B This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the circular hole provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 3B The circular hole in the middle is used for power switch connection, which is the power switch cut-off waveguide hole.

[0072] It should be noted that the diameter of each circular aperture 140 is determined according to a preset cutoff frequency. Each aperture 140 can block electromagnetic wave signals outside a specific frequency range, minimizing the impact of the aperture on the electromagnetic shielding effect of the device. The preset cutoff frequency can refer to a specific frequency range of microwave signals. For example, the calculation principle for the diameter of the aperture 140 is as follows:

[0073]

[0074] Where D is the diameter of the hole (in inches, 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters). The preset cutoff frequency (in MHz).

[0075] It should be noted that after determining the diameter of the circular hole, this application can also determine the length (or depth) of the circular hole by presetting the electromagnetic attenuation amount and the diameter of the circular hole. For example, the calculation principle of the length of the circular hole is as follows:

[0076]

[0077] Where L is the length of the circular hole (in inches). This is the preset electromagnetic attenuation level (in dB). This is a multiplication sign. It should be noted that the preset electromagnetic attenuation can refer to the difference in electromagnetic energy inside and outside the device.

[0078] It should be noted that, in order to reduce the gap between the connector and the front panel, shielding material (such as indium sheet) can be embedded in the gap in this embodiment of the application to reduce the risk of electromagnetic leakage.

[0079] It is understood that the electromagnetic shielding structure constructed by beryllium copper spring sheets and conductive silicone in this application embodiment can form a continuous, low-impedance conductive path on the shielding interface, shunting and absorbing the surface current, and opening multiple circular cutoff waveguide holes on the cover plate body for external connection, thereby generating high attenuation of electromagnetic waves outside the preset frequency range and maintaining stable electromagnetic sealing performance over a long period of time.

[0080] The first housing 200 can refer to a housing structure used to house the pulse measurement circuit. The first housing is fitted and connected to the cover plate body. For example, as... Figure 2A As shown, the first box 200 can be a box structure made of metal. It is understood that the specific type of material used to make the first box 200 is not limited.

[0081] The pulse measurement circuit refers to the circuit components disposed within the first housing 200. The pulse measurement circuit can be used to acquire microwave signals and perform pulse measurements on the microwave signals. Specifically, pulse measurement refers to the process of measuring the time-domain envelope parameters of the microwave signal (such as pulse parameters, field strength, period, or peak power). It should be noted that this pulse measurement circuit can operate not only in high-power electromagnetic environments but also in conventional electromagnetic environments (such as non-high-power electromagnetic environments) to complete the acquisition and measurement of microwave signals.

[0082] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, a waveguide cutoff window can also be formed on the first housing 200. The size of the waveguide cutoff window is determined using the same principle as the diameter of the circular hole. This allows the waveguide cutoff window to cut off electromagnetic wave signals in specific frequency bands while meeting the device's heat dissipation requirements, thanks to its special structure, thus achieving efficient electromagnetic shielding. Furthermore, the waveguide cutoff window is organically integrated with the overall protective design of the first housing 200, ensuring that the electromagnetic protection performance of the microwave measuring device does not decrease due to ventilation openings during heat dissipation, maintaining a good electromagnetic shielding effect while ensuring normal heat dissipation of the device.

[0083] In some embodiments of this application, the microwave measuring device further includes a battery box 300. The battery box 300 is disposed adjacent to the first housing, and the battery box 300 may refer to a component in the microwave measuring device used to power the pulse measurement circuit. For example, as... Figure 2A and Figure 2D As shown, Figure 2D This is a schematic diagram of the battery box provided in the embodiment of this application. The battery box 300 can be a voltage regulator box or a rechargeable lithium battery box, and the specific is not limited.

[0084] It should be noted that the shielding cover 100 also has an opening 150. The opening 150 can refer to a through-hole structure for embedding the battery box 300. The opening 150 is adapted to the open end of the battery box 300. For example, as... Figure 2C As shown, the opening 150 can be a rectangular annular groove provided along the circumferential edge of the shielding cover body 110. It is understood that the specific size and shape of the opening 150 can be adjusted according to actual installation requirements to ensure that the battery box 300 can be accurately embedded in the shielding cover 100.

[0085] It is understood that the embodiments of this application provide a stable, low-ripple operating voltage to the pulse measurement circuit by setting a battery box inside the microwave measurement device, thereby reducing interference and voltage drop caused by long-distance transmission and improving measurement stability. At the same time, the internal power supply enables the device to be independent of a fixed socket, achieving portability and rapid field deployment, and can continue to work when the external power is off, enhancing environmental adaptability and reliability.

[0086] In some embodiments of this application, the battery case 300 includes a choke groove 310. The choke groove 310 is used to suppress microwave signals from entering the battery case 300. The choke groove 310 may refer to an annular groove structure disposed on the circumferential surface of the opening end of the battery case 300, away from the edge of the opening end. For example, as Figure 2B As shown, the choke groove 310 can be a continuous annular groove with a rectangular cross-section. It should be noted that the depth of the choke groove 310 is determined based on a preset wavelength threshold. The preset wavelength threshold can refer to a pre-set wavelength value. For example, if the preset wavelength threshold is taken as a quarter-wavelength value corresponding to the center frequency of the microwave signal to be suppressed, then the depth of the choke groove 310 is directly equal to the physical depth value corresponding to that quarter-wavelength value. It should be noted that the preset wavelength threshold can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0087] It is understood that, by setting a choke groove on the battery box, when the microwave signal propagates along the circumferential surface of the opening end of the battery box, the surface current of the microwave signal encounters a standing wave node at the choke groove 310, and the electric field component perpendicular to the groove wall decays rapidly and exponentially. At the same time, the groove wall lengthens the current path and increases reflection loss. Thus, the microwave signal can be suppressed from entering the battery box through the choke groove, and electromagnetic interference to the pulse measurement circuit is also reduced.

[0088] In some embodiments of this application, the microwave measuring device further includes a second housing 400. The second housing 400 may refer to a metal shielding shell that is fitted over the outside of the first housing 200 and nested within it. The second housing 400 can be used to provide physical protection and electromagnetic shielding for the first housing 200 and its internal pulse measurement circuitry. For example, as... Figure 2A As shown, the second housing 400 refers to the metal shell covering the first housing 200. The second housing 400 can be precision-machined in one piece using CNC machining, ensuring both structural strength and machining accuracy. The four corners of the second housing 400 can also be covered with silicone protective corner protectors, providing both cushioning and shock absorption as well as edge sealing. The surface of the second housing 400 undergoes a three-proof treatment against moisture, salt spray, and mildew, significantly improving its reliability and service life in harsh environments such as humid heat and high salt spray. It should be noted that the second housing 400 can be nested with the first housing 200 using clips, screws, or other fasteners to form a double-layer shielding structure. Finally, the shielding cover 100 is placed on top of the double-layer shielding structure to form the entire microwave measurement device. The material used to manufacture the second housing 400 can be adjusted according to actual needs, and the size and shape of the second housing 400 can also be adjusted based on the specific size and shape of the first housing 200.

[0089] It should be noted that, as Figure 2A As shown, the second housing 400 can also be nested with the battery housing 300, and together with the first housing 200, form a shielding structure. Finally, the shielding cover 100 is placed on the shielding structure to form the entire microwave measurement device. Furthermore, the second housing 400 can also provide physical protection and electromagnetic shielding for the battery housing 300.

[0090] It should be noted that, in this embodiment of the application, a waveguide cutoff window can also be opened on the second housing 400 to further improve the heat dissipation effect of the device while maintaining the cutoff effect on electromagnetic wave signals of a specific frequency band.

[0091] Understandably, this application incorporates a second housing within the first housing, with an air gap between them, forming a double-layered shielded cavity. External microwave signals must penetrate both metal walls sequentially and be continuously attenuated through multiple reflections within the cavity, thereby significantly improving the overall electromagnetic shielding effect and reducing interference with the internal pulse measurement circuitry.

[0092] It should be noted that, in order to reduce the entry of electromagnetic wave signals from the weld seam of the second housing 400 into the second housing 400, thereby affecting the pulse measurement circuit in the first housing 200, please refer to [the relevant documentation / reference needed]. Figure 4A and Figure 4B , Figure 4A This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second box provided in the embodiment of this application from a first perspective. Figure 4BThis is a structural schematic diagram of the second box body provided in an embodiment of this application from a second perspective. The first perspective can refer to a side view of one side of the second box body; the second perspective can refer to a side view of the other side of the second box body. Figure 4A As shown, the first box 200 has multiple pre-punched welding grooves 410 at the joints of adjacent sides. The plates are embedded into the grooves in an overlapping manner at the corresponding positions before welding, so that the joint forms a groove-enclosed shielding structure, which increases mechanical interlocking and naturally extends the electromagnetic wave leakage path, thereby improving the overall electromagnetic shielding effect. Figure 4B As shown, the second box 400 has male and female grooves 430 at the joints of adjacent two sides. After the male side protrusion and the female side groove interlock, they are welded along the weld seam 420 to form a labyrinth-type shielding joint, which extends the electromagnetic leakage path and blocks the gap radiation, significantly improving the overall electromagnetic shielding performance.

[0093] It is understood that, through the above-mentioned electromagnetic shielding methods, the microwave measurement device of this application embodiment can meet the high-precision measurement requirements of nanosecond-level transient pulses and GW-level continuous waves, and is small in size, adapting to the stringent requirements of miniaturization and lightweighting for platforms such as UAVs, and achieving good electromagnetic shielding effect in the C and X bands.

[0094] In some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 5A , Figure 5A This is a schematic diagram of a first structural embodiment of the pulse measurement circuit provided in this application. The pulse measurement circuit includes a microwave sensor, a signal adjustment unit, and a microwave measurement unit. The microwave sensor can refer to a component in the pulse measurement circuit used to acquire microwave signals. For example, the microwave sensor can be an antenna or an electro-optic probe, etc., and is not specifically limited. The signal adjustment unit is electrically connected to the microwave sensor. The signal adjustment unit can refer to a component in the pulse measurement circuit used to adjust the microwave signal. Signal adjustment can refer to the process of using the signal adjustment unit to amplify, filter, and level-shift the microwave signal so that the adjusted signal amplitude, waveform, and signal-to-noise ratio meet the input requirements of the subsequent microwave measurement unit. Adjusting the microwave signal can refer to obtaining a signal with stable amplitude, suppressed noise, and meeting the input requirements of the microwave measurement unit after amplification, filtering, and level shifting of the microwave signal using the signal adjustment unit. The microwave measurement unit is electrically connected to the signal adjustment unit. The microwave measurement unit can refer to a component in the pulse measurement circuit used to perform pulse measurement on the adjusted microwave signal. Microwave measurement can refer to the process of using the microwave measurement unit to detect, integrate, or digitize the adjusted microwave signal to obtain a DC level or digital output corresponding to the microwave power.

[0095] It is understood that the embodiments of this application construct a pulse measurement circuit including a microwave sensor, a signal adjustment unit, and a microwave measurement unit. First, the microwave sensor acquires the microwave signal; then, the signal adjustment unit adjusts the microwave signal to obtain an adjusted microwave signal; finally, the microwave measurement unit performs pulse measurement on the adjusted microwave signal. In this way, while achieving microwave signal acquisition, detection, and analysis, the signal path remains simple, reducing the risk of introducing additional noise and distortion, thereby improving the accuracy of microwave measurements.

[0096] In some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 5B , Figure 5B This is a schematic diagram of a second structure of the pulse measurement circuit provided in this application embodiment. The signal adjustment unit in this pulse measurement circuit includes: a first attenuation module, a signal amplification module, and a detection module. The first attenuation module is electrically connected to the microwave sensor. The first attenuation module can refer to the component in the signal adjustment unit used to attenuate the signal amplitude of the microwave signal according to a preset attenuation amount. For example, the first attenuation module can be a digitally controlled attenuator, a voltage-controlled attenuator, or a digital step attenuator, and is not specifically limited. The preset attenuation amount can be a pre-set decibel (dB) value. For example, the preset attenuation amount can be 31.5 dB or other values, which can be adjusted according to actual needs. Signal amplitude attenuation can refer to the process of proportionally reducing the power of the microwave signal using the first attenuation module according to the preset attenuation amount. Attenuated microwave signal can refer to the low-power microwave signal obtained after the microwave signal is attenuated by the first attenuation module according to the preset attenuation amount, which is used for subsequent amplification. The signal amplification module is electrically connected to the first attenuation module. The signal amplification module can refer to the component in the signal adjustment unit used to amplify the attenuated microwave signal. For example, the signal amplification module can be a low-noise amplifier or an RF transistor amplifier circuit, without specific limitations. Signal enhancement can refer to the process of using a signal amplification module to amplify an attenuated microwave signal with low distortion to improve its signal-to-noise ratio. A high signal-to-noise ratio microwave signal can refer to a microwave signal sufficient to allow the detection module to operate in the linear region after the attenuated microwave signal has been amplified by the signal amplification module. The detection module is electrically connected to the signal amplification module. The detection module can refer to the component in the signal conditioning unit used for detecting high signal-to-noise ratio microwave signals. For example, the detection module can be an integrated detection chip or an envelope pulse measurement circuit, without specific limitations. Detection conditioning can refer to the process of using the detection module to demodulate the envelope of a high signal-to-noise ratio microwave signal and convert it into DC or low-frequency voltage. Adjusting the microwave signal can refer to the DC low-frequency signal obtained after detecting and conditioning a high signal-to-noise ratio microwave signal using the detection module, which is then used for sampling by the microwave measurement unit.

[0097] It is understood that the embodiments of this application construct a pulse measurement circuit including a microwave sensor, a first attenuation module, a signal amplification module, a detection module, and a microwave measurement unit. First, the microwave sensor acquires the microwave signal. Then, the first attenuation module, signal amplification module, and detection module sequentially perform signal attenuation, amplification, and detection to obtain an adjustment microwave signal. Finally, the microwave measurement unit performs pulse measurement on the adjustment microwave signal. In this way, the acquired microwave signal retains its complete envelope information after being attenuated, amplified, and detected at each stage, avoiding compression and distortion, thereby improving the accuracy of microwave measurement.

[0098] In some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 5C , Figure 5C This is a schematic diagram of a third structure of the pulse measurement circuit provided in this application embodiment. The microwave measurement unit in this pulse measurement circuit includes: a second attenuation module, a signal conversion module, and a microwave measurement module. The second attenuation module is electrically connected to the signal adjustment unit. The second attenuation module can refer to the component in the microwave measurement unit used for signal smoothing of the adjusted microwave signal. For example, the second attenuation module can be a fixed passive attenuator or a resistor attenuation network, and is not specifically limited. Signal smoothing can refer to the process of using the second attenuation module to stabilize the signal amplitude of the adjusted microwave signal. The smoothed microwave signal can refer to the low-ripple DC low-frequency envelope signal obtained after the adjusted microwave signal is smoothed by the second attenuation module, which is used for subsequent processing. The signal conversion module is electrically connected to the second attenuation module. The signal conversion module can refer to the component in the microwave measurement unit used for signal digitization of the smoothed microwave signal. For example, the signal conversion module can be a pipelined analog-to-digital converter or a flash analog-to-digital converter, and is not specifically limited. Signal digitization can refer to the process of using the signal conversion module to sample, quantize, and encode the smoothed microwave signal. A digitized microwave signal refers to the digital code value obtained by digitizing a smoothed microwave signal using a signal conversion module, which is then used for calculations by the microwave measurement module. The microwave measurement module is electrically connected to the signal conversion module. The microwave measurement module can refer to the component within the microwave measurement unit used for pulse measurement of the digitized microwave signal. For example, the microwave measurement module can be a microcontroller or a digital signal processor, with no specific limitation. It should be noted that after completing the pulse measurement, the microwave measurement module can cache the obtained pulse measurement results in local memory and upload them to a designated host computer / remote terminal / data aggregation center via the onboard bus or network interface.

[0099] It is understood that the embodiments of this application construct a pulse measurement circuit including a microwave sensor, a signal adjustment unit, a second attenuation module, a signal conversion module, and a microwave measurement module. First, the microwave sensor acquires the microwave signal. Then, the signal adjustment unit adjusts the microwave signal to obtain an adjusted microwave signal. Subsequently, the second attenuation module smooths the adjusted microwave signal to obtain a smoothed microwave signal. Next, the signal conversion module digitizes the smoothed microwave signal to obtain a digitized microwave signal. Finally, the microwave measurement module performs pulse measurement on the digitized microwave signal. In this way, low-ripple, highly stable digital measurement of microwave signals can be achieved, reducing the risk of signal jitter and quantization errors, thereby improving the accuracy and consistency of microwave measurements.

[0100] In some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 5D , Figure 5D This is a schematic diagram of the fourth structure of the pulse measurement circuit provided in this application embodiment. The pulse measurement circuit further includes an attenuation adjustment unit and a control unit. The attenuation adjustment unit is electrically connected to the first attenuation module. The attenuation adjustment unit can refer to a component in the pulse measurement circuit used to adjust the preset attenuation amount of the first attenuation module. For example, the attenuation adjustment unit can be a TTL level controller or a digitally controlled attenuator, without specific limitations. It is understood that if the attenuation adjustment unit is a TTL level controller, the output level can be changed by the TTL level controller to continuously adjust the preset attenuation amount, such as from 0.5 dB to 33.5 dB; or, if the attenuation adjustment unit is a digitally controlled attenuator, the preset attenuation amount can be directly adjusted by switching between multiple attenuation levels. The control unit is electrically connected to the attenuation adjustment unit. The control unit can refer to a component in the pulse measurement circuit used to send attenuation adjustment commands to the attenuation adjustment unit to control the working state of the attenuation adjustment unit. For example, the control unit can be a microcontroller or a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), without specific limitations. The attenuation adjustment command can refer to a set of commands sent by the control unit to the attenuation adjustment unit to control the attenuation adjustment unit to adjust the preset attenuation amount of the first attenuation module.

[0101] It is understood that the embodiments of this application construct a pulse measurement circuit including a microwave sensor, an attenuation adjustment unit, a control unit, a first attenuation module, a signal amplification module, a detection module, and a microwave measurement module. First, the microwave sensor acquires the microwave signal. Then, the control unit sends an attenuation adjustment command to the attenuation adjustment unit to dynamically set the preset attenuation amount of the first attenuation module. The signal is then amplified and detected sequentially by the signal amplification module and the detection module to obtain the adjusted microwave signal. Finally, the microwave measurement module performs pulse measurement on the adjusted microwave signal. In this way, automatic gain control of the input microwave signal can be achieved, expanding the dynamic range and maintaining the optimal detection level, thereby improving the accuracy and adaptability of microwave measurement.

[0102] In some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 5E , Figure 5E This is a fifth schematic diagram of the pulse measurement circuit provided in this application embodiment. The pulse measurement circuit includes: a microwave sensor, an attenuation adjustment unit, a control unit, a first attenuation module, a signal amplification module, a detection module, a second attenuation module, a signal conversion module, and a microwave measurement module. The microwave sensor, as the front end of signal acquisition, is responsible for acquiring microwave signals and transmitting them to the first attenuation module. The microwave sensor possesses excellent wideband characteristics and can effectively receive microwave signals covering different frequency ranges. The first attenuation module receives the microwave signal from the microwave sensor and attenuates the microwave signal according to a preset attenuation amount. The output of the first attenuation module is electrically connected to the signal amplification module. The preset attenuation amount ensures that the amplitude of the microwave signal entering the signal amplification module is moderate, guaranteeing that subsequent modules remain within the linear operating range. The preset attenuation amount of the numerically controlled attenuation module is set to 31.5dB, which meets the initial attenuation requirements for high-power signals.

[0103] The control unit is electrically connected to the attenuation adjustment unit, which in turn is electrically connected to the first attenuation module. The control unit can adjust the preset attenuation of the first attenuation module by controlling the attenuation adjustment unit. For example, if the control unit is an FPGA and the attenuation adjustment unit is a TTL level controller, the TTL level controller has pin levels for controlling the first attenuation module. Switching between different attenuation levels is achieved by changing the pin level states. The TTL level controller features fast response and precise control, and can adjust the preset attenuation of the TTL level controller in real time according to system requirements. The FPGA can control the power-on sequence of the TTL level controller through I / O ports. The FPGA has powerful logic processing capabilities and programmability, and can precisely control the working timing and parameters of each module according to a preset program. In terms of numerical attenuation control, the FPGA can power on the control pins according to attenuation control instructions, achieving attenuation changes within the range of 0.5dB to 31.5dB, and supports custom step changes (minimum step is 0.5dB) to meet the needs of different signal processing scenarios.

[0104] The signal amplification module amplifies the microwave signal processed by the first attenuation module, increasing its intensity to achieve the voltage amplitude required by the detection module. The signal amplification module features low noise and high gain, effectively improving microwave signal quality and reducing signal loss during transmission and processing. The detection module receives the microwave signal output from the signal amplification module and performs detection processing within its linear operating range, converting the microwave signal into a measurable low-frequency envelope signal (i.e., the adjustment microwave signal). The detection module features large detection amplitude, good dynamic range, and high linearity, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the acquisition results. The adjustment microwave signal output from the detection module enters the second attenuation module. The second attenuation module has a fixed attenuation amount and is mainly used to smooth the adjustment microwave signal, reducing standing wave effects. It should be noted that standing wave effects cause microwave signal amplitude fluctuations, affecting the accuracy of subsequent signal conversion modules; the second attenuation module effectively improves signal stability. The signal conversion module converts the microwave signal processed by the second attenuation module from analog to digital, transforming the continuous analog signal into a discrete digital signal for subsequent analysis and processing by the microwave measurement module. The signal conversion module features high resolution and fast conversion speed, accurately capturing subtle changes in the signal. The microwave measurement module receives the signal output from the signal conversion module and performs various data processing operations on it, such as filtering, noise reduction, feature extraction, and interpolation, to obtain useful signal information. The microwave measurement module employs advanced algorithms and a highly efficient computing architecture, enabling it to complete data processing tasks quickly and accurately.

[0105] Understandably, in a high-power microwave signal processing system, a microwave sensor first accurately acquires the high-power microwave signal and sends it to the first attenuation module. The output of this module is connected to a signal amplification module, ensuring that the subsequent detection module remains stable within its linear operating range. The output signal from the detection module enters a second attenuation module with a fixed attenuation level, achieving signal smoothing and reducing standing wave effects. The signal, after further attenuation, is input to a signal conversion module for analog-to-digital conversion. The converted digital signal then enters the microwave measurement module for signal processing. The attenuation adjustment unit controls the pins of the first attenuation module to switch between different attenuation levels, enabling effective information acquisition under varying input power signals. The FPGA, as the core control unit of the system, uses its I / O ports to strictly and precisely control the power-on sequence of the TTL level controller. At system startup, the initial attenuation state of the first attenuation module is set to 31.5dB. When attenuation adjustment is needed, the FPGA powers on the control pins according to preset logic or external control commands, allowing the attenuation to vary within the range of 0.5dB to 31.5dB. Finally, the FPGA is remotely controlled for level conversion, enabling remote regulation of the entire microwave signal processing flow. In this way, remote automated attenuation control can be achieved, reducing the labor intensity of personnel and improving measurement efficiency, while minimizing measurement deviations caused by system errors within the power tolerance range of the device.

[0106] It should be noted that the embodiments of this application can integrate a pulse measurement circuit, including a microwave sensor, an attenuation adjustment unit, a control unit, a first attenuation module, a signal amplification module, a detection module, a second attenuation module, a signal conversion module, and a microwave measurement module, onto a single circuit board. This achieves the miniaturization of the pulse measurement circuit and effectively reduces space. Furthermore, compared to using discrete components, it allows for maximum precise control of the graded errors of each module, significantly improving equipment stability and measurement accuracy.

[0107] In some embodiments of this application, the microwave measuring device further includes a fan. The fan is electrically connected to a power supply. The fan can refer to a component in the microwave measuring device used for heat dissipation of the pulse measurement circuit. For example, the fan can be a centrifugal fan or a thin blower fan, without specific limitation. It is understood that the battery box 300 is also used to power the fan.

[0108] It is understood that by installing a fan inside the microwave measurement device, the heat generated by the pulse measurement circuit can be carried away by a continuous airflow, which can alleviate the difficulty of heat dissipation in a confined space, reduce the device parameter drift caused by temperature rise, and thus maintain the measurement accuracy and stability of the microwave measurement device.

[0109] It should be noted that, to further improve the heat dissipation effect of the fan on the microwave measuring device, this embodiment can also open multiple circular holes on the surface of the first housing. The diameter of each circular hole is determined according to a preset cutoff frequency, thereby allowing the fan to drive airflow smoothly in and out to remove heat, while utilizing the waveguide cutoff effect of the circular holes to suppress microwave leakage, thus balancing heat dissipation and electromagnetic shielding to maintain measurement accuracy. Furthermore, this embodiment can also employ comprehensive heat dissipation measures for the multiple components included in the pulse measurement circuit, installing shielding covers on multiple components to reduce the impact of electromagnetic interference on heat dissipation, and using silicone pads to enhance the thermal conductivity between the components and the heat dissipation parts. In addition, the microwave measuring device can also be equipped with heat sinks to increase the heat dissipation area and improve heat dissipation capacity, and the aforementioned pulse measurement circuit can be tightly connected to the surface of the second housing, achieving passive heat dissipation through the housing surface.

[0110] In some embodiments of this application, the microwave measuring device further includes a display. The display is electrically connected to the pulse measuring circuit. The display can refer to a component in the microwave measuring device used to display the pulse measurement results output by the pulse measuring circuit. For example, the display can be an organic light-emitting display screen or a small thin-film transistor color display screen, without specific limitations. The pulse measurement result can be a readable value obtained after processing by the pulse measuring circuit. For example, the pulse measurement result can be pulse parameters, field strength, period, or peak power, etc. (i.e., time domain envelope parameters), without specific limitations.

[0111] It is understood that by directly connecting the display to the pulse measurement circuit, the pulse measurement results can be converted into readings in real time and displayed locally, eliminating the complex wiring of external instruments, reducing reading delay and human transcription errors, improving on-site testing efficiency, and making it convenient for users to quickly judge the signal status, thereby enhancing the intuitiveness and ease of operation of the microwave measurement device.

[0112] It should be noted that, in order to further improve the electromagnetic shielding effect of the display screen while maintaining high light transmittance, the embodiments of this application employ a composite structure of conductive glass and 100-mesh metal wire mesh to construct the shielding layer. This design, while ensuring a light transmittance of 75% for the display screen, achieves a shielding effect with an electric field strength attenuation of no less than 45dB (applicable to C-band and X-band), effectively blocking external electromagnetic interference and ensuring the clarity and accuracy of displayed information.

[0113] It should be noted that, to verify that the display screen designed in this scheme has better electromagnetic shielding effect than existing technologies while also having higher light transmittance, please refer to [the relevant documentation / reference needed]. Figure 6 And Table 1, Figure 6 Table 1 is a comparison chart of the electromagnetic shielding effects of different displays provided in the embodiments of this application, and Table 1 is a comparison table of the electromagnetic shielding effects and light transmittance of different displays provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 6The horizontal axis represents frequency, ranging from 300 kHz to 10 GHz; the left side of the vertical axis represents shielding effectiveness (i.e., electromagnetic shielding effect, in dB). Figure 6 The average electromagnetic shielding effect of each display screen in the system is shown in Table 1 below:

[0114] Table 1. Comparison of average electromagnetic shielding effect and light transmittance of different displays.

[0115]

[0116] according to Figure 6 As shown in Table 1, the display screens adopted ITO conductive film (represented by the "purple line" corresponding to the experimental results), which maintained 80% light transmittance while providing an average electromagnetic shielding effect of approximately 30dB; 85-mesh shielding mesh (blue line), with light transmittance in the range of 75%-80% and an average electromagnetic shielding effect of approximately 40dB; 100-mesh shielding mesh (green line), with light transmittance of 70%-75% and providing an average electromagnetic shielding effect of approximately 50dB; 165-mesh shielding mesh (orange line), with light transmittance decreasing to 50% but an average electromagnetic shielding effect of 60dB; and 250-mesh shielding mesh (red line), with light transmittance of 40%-45% and an average electromagnetic shielding effect of 70dB. This visually demonstrates the trend that the average electromagnetic shielding effect increases with the increase of the mesh count, but the light transmittance decreases. It also shows the preferred characteristics of the shielding layer constructed by the composite structure of conductive glass and 100-mesh metal mesh in this application embodiment, which balances high light transmittance and good shielding.

[0117] It should be noted that, in this embodiment of the application, a conductive strip can be provided between the display screen and the pulse measurement circuit to achieve a reliable electrical connection and form a continuous conductive path. Simultaneously, fixing the display screen to the first housing 200 complements the composite shielding structure design of the display screen, further enhancing the integrity of electrostatic protection and electromagnetic shielding, and jointly providing comprehensive electromagnetic protection for the display screen.

[0118] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 7A to 7B , Figures 7A to 7B This application demonstrates an intelligent data acquisition and monitoring system constructed according to an embodiment of the present application. The system includes the aforementioned microwave measuring device, a CPU motherboard, a button function area with multiple buttons, and multiple different interfaces. Figure 7A This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the intelligent data acquisition and monitoring system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 7B This is a schematic diagram of the button function area provided in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 7A As shown, the entire system adopts a three-layer design. The first layer includes an integrated display screen and function button area, which can support convenient human-computer interaction and clear information display. Figure 7BAs shown, the button function area includes: "Run / Stop", "Time", "Amplitude", "Trigger", "Level", "Save", "OK", "Power Off", and multiple directional keys (Up, Down, Left, Right). Operators can switch the content displayed on the screen using the multiple buttons in the function area. It should be noted that, for the button function area, the waveguide array metal compartment, determined based on the cutoff frequency, significantly reduces electromagnetic leakage at the operation hole seams, greatly improving the electromagnetic safety of the equipment during button operation and preventing electromagnetic signals from leaking through the button hole seams. The second layer includes a 19V power supply, a fan, and a CPU motherboard. The power supply powers the fan and CPU motherboard. Furthermore, the power supply can connect to the power conversion board on the third layer via the CPU motherboard's 12V voltage interface to provide 12V or 5V power to the pulse measurement circuit. The fan provides cooling for the CPU motherboard. The CPU motherboard can connect to the pulse measurement circuit's network port via a network port for data exchange. The third layer includes the pulse measurement circuit, a power conversion board, and a fiber optic interface board; the power supply can also power the fiber optic interface board. The entire system also includes a variety of interfaces such as DC port, RF interface (N), RF interface (SMA), fiber optic, HDMI, RJ45, USB1, and USB2, which can flexibly adapt to the application needs of various scenarios. The intelligent acquisition and monitoring system constructed in this application embodiment can realize real-time monitoring of the operating parameters of each module. Through multi-dimensional performance evaluation, visualized data presentation, and automated report generation, it can achieve rapid fault diagnosis and accurate location, significantly improving the accuracy and efficiency of microwave measurement.

[0119] It is understood that the intelligent acquisition and monitoring system constructed in this application embodiment can realize functions such as power measurement, pulse parameter measurement, status monitoring of each module (power, temperature, storage, communication status), remote automated attenuation control, and one-click report generation. It can also be uniformly managed by a host computer, reducing manual intervention and improving testing efficiency and data reliability. The calculation formula for calculating the power of the transmitting source in a high-power microwave field is as follows:

[0120]

[0121] in, This refers to the total power or power distribution. For the index variable of the summation, from arrive ; and These represent the power values ​​at positions i and i+1, respectively. Pi is the mathematical constant; R is the maximum distance related to the power distribution. This represents the angle difference between two adjacent power measurement points; It is a cosine function.

[0122] It should be noted that the algorithm error of the above power measurement method is mainly caused by the distance R and the angle difference. The composition, especially the angular difference, is difficult to measure accurately. Therefore, this application also proposes the following empirical formula:

[0123]

[0124] Where L is the radiation attenuation (dB). This represents the attenuation (dB) from the microwave sensor to the detector module. The attenuation (dB) is the distance from the microwave sensor to the point of contact with the microwave sensing device. This represents the voltage amplitude (mV) of the display screen. This represents the sensitivity (mV / dB) of the detector module. Based on empirical formulas, operators only need to perform calibration at each stage sequentially in the laboratory to determine the corresponding attenuation value for each stage, with minimal error variation between stages. It should be noted that the k-value in this formula is the detector sensitivity after temperature-compensated processing. By obtaining the corresponding k-values ​​under different temperature conditions, the power measurement accuracy of the equipment in various environments can be effectively improved.

[0125] Pulse parameter measurement can optimize signal quality by filtering and interpolating microwave signals. When measuring pulse width, a 90% reference level of the envelope amplitude signal is selected as the measurement benchmark; for pulse response time determination, the time interval corresponding to 10% to 90% of the reference level is used. It is important to note that the accuracy of amplitude measurement is closely related to the bit depth of the signal conversion module; a higher bit depth generally results in higher amplitude accuracy. The accuracy of time measurement depends on the sampling rate of the signal conversion module; a faster sampling rate results in higher time accuracy. Status monitoring of each module (power, temperature, storage, communication status) primarily relies on the collaborative processing of the CPU motherboard and the host computer. Each module uses the signal conversion module to convert the acquired analog signals into digital signals, which are then transmitted to the CPU motherboard via multiple communication interfaces. After preliminary processing, the CPU motherboard sends the data to the host computer via Ethernet. The host computer parses the data according to the protocol to achieve data reading and display. Remote automated attenuation control is achieved through network communication between the host computer and the FPGA to remotely regulate the entire system. The host computer is equipped with an intuitive and user-friendly interface, through which operators can easily send various control commands, including adjusting the CNC attenuation, starting or stopping data processing, thereby achieving remote operation and real-time monitoring of the system.

[0126] The working principle of the intelligent acquisition and monitoring system constructed in this embodiment is as follows: Upon system startup, the FPGA of the microwave measurement device controls the TTL level controller to power on via the I / O port according to a preset program, putting the first attenuation module into its initial attenuation state (maximum value 31.5dB). Simultaneously, other modules are initialized to ensure all parts of the system are in normal working condition. Then, the high-power microwave signal acquired by the microwave sensor is transmitted to the first attenuation module, which attenuates the signal according to the current attenuation level before sending it to the signal amplification module. Next, the signal amplification module amplifies the microwave signal and inputs it to the detection module, which detects the microwave signal within its linear operating range. Further, the microwave signal output from the detection module enters the second attenuation module for smoothing and is then sent to the signal conversion module for analog-to-analog conversion. Finally, the converted signal enters the microwave measurement module for data processing. Understandably, when the preset attenuation needs adjustment, the operator can send control commands via a host computer. These commands are transmitted to the FPGA through the network port. Upon receiving the commands, the FPGA controls the TTL level controller via its I / O port to change the pin level of the first attenuation module, thus switching the attenuation level. The switching range is 0.5~31.5dB, and the attenuation step can be customized (minimum 0.5dB). Finally, the host computer can receive system status information transmitted by the FPGA in real time, such as the operating parameters of each module and signal processing results, and display them on the user interface. The operator can remotely monitor and operate the system based on the displayed information to ensure stable system operation.

[0127] It should be noted that the intelligent data acquisition and monitoring system constructed in this application embodiment can be used in conjunction with UAVs. Specifically, the UAV can transmit various key information collected to the ground station with millisecond-level high reliability via high-speed fiber optic bus or Ethernet protocol, achieving initial data aggregation and synchronization on the airborne end. Then, the UAV establishes a two-way telemetry channel with the ground station via wireless communication through its onboard integrated telemetry module. On one hand, the UAV transmits the pulse measurement data collected and processed by the system to the ground station in real time; on the other hand, the ground station can upload control commands to the UAV based on the system's operational requirements and mission planning, achieving remote and precise control. After receiving the data, the ground station can use multi-source data fusion technology to conduct in-depth analysis and comprehensive evaluation of the information, while also visually presenting the system's operating status through visualization monitoring. Based on these analysis results, task instructions are dynamically generated, thus forming a complete closed-loop management mechanism from data generated by the measurement system to ground station decision-making and control, and finally to UAV execution feedback.

[0128] The embodiments described in this application are intended to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application. Those skilled in the art will know that with the evolution of technology and the emergence of new application scenarios, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0129] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0130] In the description of this application, "multiple" refers to two or more. The use of "first" and "second" is for the purpose of distinguishing technical features only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated, or the order in which the technical features are indicated.

[0131] In the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly defined, terms such as "setup," "installation," and "connection" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this application in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0132] The preferred embodiments of the present application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but this does not limit the scope of the claims of the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and substance of the embodiments of the present application shall be within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A microwave measuring device, characterized in that, The device includes: A shielding cover plate includes a cover plate body, multiple beryllium copper springs, and multiple conductive silicone rubbers; wherein, the cover plate body is provided with multiple circumferentially equidistant mounting grooves, each of the conductive silicone rubbers is installed in a corresponding mounting groove, and each of the beryllium copper springs is embedded in a corresponding conductive silicone rubber; the cover plate body is provided with multiple circular holes, the diameter of each of the circular holes being determined according to a preset cutoff frequency; The first box body is adapted and connected to the cover plate body, and the first box body is a box structure made of metal material. A pulse measurement circuit is disposed in the first housing. The pulse measurement circuit is used to acquire microwave signals and to perform pulse measurement on the microwave signals. Each of the circular holes is used to connect an external cable or connector to the pulse measurement circuit; A battery box is disposed adjacent to the first box body and is used to power the pulse measurement circuit. The battery box includes a choke groove, which is disposed on the circumferential surface of the opening end of the battery box at a position away from the edge of the opening end. The depth of the choke groove is determined according to a preset wavelength threshold. The choke groove is used to suppress the microwave signal from entering the battery box. The shielding cover has an opening that is adapted to and connected to the opening end of the battery box. The second housing is a metal shielding shell. The second housing is nested with the first housing and the battery box to form an electromagnetic shielding structure. The shielding cover plate covers the electromagnetic shielding structure. The second housing is used to provide physical protection for the pulse measurement circuit inside the first housing.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pulse measurement circuit includes: A microwave sensor, used to acquire the microwave signal; A signal adjustment unit is electrically connected to the microwave sensor and is used to adjust the microwave signal to obtain an adjusted microwave signal. A microwave measurement unit is electrically connected to the signal adjustment unit, and the microwave measurement unit is used to perform pulse measurement on the adjustment microwave signal.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The signal adjustment unit includes: A first attenuation module is electrically connected to the microwave sensor. The first attenuation module is used to attenuate the signal amplitude of the microwave signal according to a preset attenuation amount to obtain an attenuated microwave signal. A signal amplification module is electrically connected to the first attenuation module. The signal amplification module is used to enhance the attenuated microwave signal to obtain a high signal-to-noise ratio microwave signal. A detection module is electrically connected to the signal amplification module. The detection module is used to perform detection processing on the high signal-to-noise ratio microwave signal to obtain the adjustment microwave signal.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The microwave measurement unit includes: The second attenuation module is electrically connected to the signal adjustment unit. The second attenuation module is used to perform signal smoothing processing on the adjusted microwave signal to obtain a smooth microwave signal. A signal conversion module is electrically connected to the second attenuation module. The signal conversion module is used to perform signal digitization processing on the smoothed microwave signal to obtain a digital microwave signal. A microwave measurement module is electrically connected to the signal conversion module, and the microwave measurement module is used to perform pulse measurement on the digital microwave signal.

5. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pulse measurement circuit further includes: An attenuation adjustment unit, which is electrically connected to the first attenuation module; The control unit is electrically connected to the attenuation adjustment unit and is used to send an attenuation adjustment command to the attenuation adjustment unit so that the attenuation adjustment unit adjusts the preset attenuation amount of the first attenuation module.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device further includes: A fan, electrically connected to the battery box, is used to dissipate heat from the pulse measurement circuit. The battery box is also used to power the fan.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device further includes: A display, electrically connected to the pulse measurement circuit, is used to display the pulse measurement results output by the pulse measurement circuit.

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