Open tile window using hailunar as raw material and preparation method of open tile window

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of open tile windows, in particular to an open tile window with sea moon as a raw material and a preparation method thereof, and the open tile window comprises a base material layer, a functional layer and a supporting structure; the base material layer is made of a transparent plate which is formed by mixing and hot-pressing a raw material and modified nano cellulose; the aurelia raw material is prepared by mixing a seaweed extract and pretreated aurelia shell powder; the functional layer is arranged on the surface of the base material layer and is a composite film prepared by a chemical vapor deposition process; the supporting structure is an aluminum alloy frame and is combined with the base material layer through laser welding. According to the invention, the raw material components are optimally proportioned, so that the components play a targeted role in improving the performance of the open tile window, and a foundation is laid for the overall performance. Wherein the sea moon raw material is composed of an algin extract and pretreated sea moon shell powder, and sodium alginate in the algin extract has excellent cohesiveness and light transmission.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of translucent window technology, specifically to a translucent window made from sea moon as raw material and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] As a building component that combines lighting and decoration, the translucent window has important application value in the restoration of traditional ancient buildings and the construction of modern imitation ancient buildings. Its core requirements are to balance light transmission performance, weather resistance and stability, environmental sustainability and cultural compatibility.

[0003] The limitations of traditional granite windows include: insufficient light transmission: Traditional granite windows are made from ground seashells, with a light transmittance typically between 65% and 70%. Furthermore, the uneven thickness of the seashells leads to severe light scattering and low visual clarity, especially during rainy or winter weather, resulting in significantly insufficient indoor lighting. Poor durability: Seashell materials are susceptible to acid rain erosion (calcium carbonate decomposes at pH < 5), and their rough surface easily attracts dust, requiring frequent maintenance. Environmental concerns: Seashell harvesting damages marine ecosystems, and discarded seashells are difficult to degrade. Material limitations: Granite windows rely on natural seashell resources, and the complex and costly processing methods hinder large-scale production, limiting their widespread application in construction.

[0004] To address the shortcomings of traditional shell-glazed windows, existing technologies have explored various improvement directions, but significant limitations remain. Some solutions employ inorganic glass coating technology to enhance light transmittance, achieving around 80%, but the coating process is complex and costs 3-5 times more than traditional shell-glazed windows, making large-scale application in ancient building restoration difficult. More importantly, existing technologies focus primarily on functional enhancements, neglecting the cultural significance of traditional shell-glazed windows—some solutions directly replace natural biological materials with tempered glass and plastics, simplifying production but resulting in ancient buildings that are merely superficially similar, lacking the true spirit of the original, and disrupting the transmission of cultural symbols from traditional craftsmanship. Furthermore, the current processing of shell-glazed windows suffers from low raw material utilization; shell fragments and processing waste are often discarded directly without a recycling system, further exacerbating resource waste.

[0005] In summary, the industry urgently needs a transparent window technology solution that can balance high light transmittance, strong weather resistance, and environmental sustainability. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a translucent window made from sea moon as raw material and its preparation method.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A type of translucent window made from sea moonstone, comprising a substrate layer, a functional layer, and a supporting structure; The substrate layer is made of a transparent sheet material formed by hot pressing a mixture of sea moon raw material and modified nanocellulose; The sea moon raw material is composed of seaweed extract and pretreated sea moon shell powder mixed in a mass ratio of 1:5-6. The modified nanocellulose is nanocellulose modified with silane coupling agent KH-550, and the addition amount is 8-12 wt% of the total mass of the substrate layer. The seaweed extract is a brown alginic acid extract; The pretreatment of the moon shell includes sequential acid washing, alkali washing, ultrasonic cleaning and pulverization; The functional layer is disposed on the surface of the substrate layer and is a composite film prepared by chemical vapor deposition. The composite film is composed of a silicon source and a fluorine source in a mass ratio of 1:2.2-2.8. The supporting structure is an aluminum alloy frame, which is laser-welded to the substrate layer.

[0008] As a further technical solution, the moon shell is acid-washed using a 0.18-0.2 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution for 8-10 minutes, followed by filtration and washing with water until neutral.

[0009] As a further technical solution, the alkaline washing of the moon shell uses a 0.52-0.58 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution, the alkaline washing temperature is 68-72℃, the alkaline washing time is 12-15 minutes, and then it is filtered and washed with water until neutral.

[0010] As a further technical solution, the ultrasonic cleaning of the moon shell uses an ultrasonic frequency of 30-40kHz, the cleaning solution is deionized water containing 0.6-0.8wt% sodium dodecyl sulfate, the cleaning time is 18-22 minutes, then it is filtered, washed with water until neutral, and dried at 60℃ for 2 hours.

[0011] As a further technical solution, the preparation method of the alginate extract is as follows: Fresh kelp or wakame seaweed is selected as the raw material, and first, it is ultrasonically cleaned at 20-30 kHz for 10-15 minutes to remove impurities; then, it is mixed with 0.3-0.5 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:8-1:12, and extracted by stirring at 50-60℃ and pH 8-9 for 2-3 hours; subsequently, it is filtered through a 100-200 mesh filter and subjected to 3000-4000 rpm. Centrifuge for 15-20 minutes to purify; add 1-2 mol / L hydrochloric acid to the purified filtrate to adjust the pH to 2-3, let stand at 25-30℃ for 1-1.5 hours for acid precipitation, filter and wash with water until pH 6-7; finally, vacuum dry the precipitate at 80-90℃ for 3-4 hours, mix with 0.1-0.2 mol / L sodium carbonate solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5-8 to convert it into sodium alginate, spray dry and pulverize to 60-100 mesh to obtain the alginate extract.

[0012] As a further technical solution, the thickness of the transparent sheet is 3.2-3.8mm, the temperature of the hot pressing process is 125-135℃, the pressure is 6.5-7.5MPa, and the holding time is 30-32 minutes.

[0013] The method for making a translucent window includes the following steps: (1) Pretreatment of moon shell: Acid washing, alkali washing and ultrasonic cleaning are carried out in sequence according to the above requirements. Then, the powder is crushed and passed through an 80-150 mesh sieve to obtain pretreated moon shell powder. (2) Substrate preparation: Pretreated moon shell powder, alginate extract and modified nanocellulose are mixed, hot-pressed into transparent sheet, and then polished. (3) Functional layer preparation: A composite film is deposited on the surface of the transparent plate by chemical vapor deposition to form a functional layer; (4) Structural assembly: The transparent plate with functional layer is laser welded to the aluminum alloy frame, and then sealed with silicone sealant to complete the encapsulation of the window.

[0014] As a further technical solution, in step (2), the preparation of modified nanocellulose includes: mixing nanocellulose with a length of 200-400nm and a diameter of 12-18nm with a mass fraction of 3-4% silane coupling agent KH-550 ethanol solution, stirring and reacting at 62-68℃ for 2.0-2.8 hours, and drying at 80-90℃ for 2-3 hours to obtain modified nanocellulose.

[0015] As a further technical solution, the chemical vapor deposition process in step (3) includes: using tetraethoxysilane as the silicon source and ethyl trifluoroacetate as the fluorine source, depositing for 32-38 minutes at a vacuum of 0.002-0.004 Pa and a deposition temperature of 290-310 °C to form a composite film with a thickness of 90-110 nm.

[0016] As a further technical solution, in step (4), the power of laser welding is 400-440W, the ratio of welding speed to the thickness of transparent plate is 1.6-1.8mm / (s・mm), and the curing time of silicone sealant is 24-36 hours.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention optimizes the proportions of raw material components, enabling each component to play a targeted role in improving the performance of the translucent window, thus laying the foundation for overall performance. Specifically, the moon shell raw material consists of alginate extract and pretreated moon shell powder. Sodium alginate in the alginate extract possesses excellent adhesion and light transmittance; its carboxyl and hydroxyl groups can combine with the active groups on the surface of the moon shell powder, filling the tiny gaps between the powder particles, reducing light scattering between particles, and simultaneously enhancing the bonding strength between the raw materials. The pretreated moon shell powder retains its natural porous structure, which ensures basic light transmittance while also preventing impurities from interfering with light transmittance and improving raw material purity through acid washing to remove the surface oxide layer and metallic impurities, and alkali washing to decompose organic pollutants.

[0018] 2. Modified nanocellulose is the key to improving the mechanical properties of the substrate: its surface silane groups can form stable chemical bonds with the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups in the sea moon raw material, constructing a three-dimensional reinforcing network inside the substrate, effectively dispersing external pressure, and increasing the compressive strength of the substrate from 30MPa of traditional seashell tiles to more than 52MPa; at the same time, the nanoscale fiber structure can fill the tiny pores in the sea moon raw material, further reducing light scattering and synergistically improving light transmittance.

[0019] 3. The silicon and fluorine sources in the functional layer have clearly defined roles and work synergistically: the silicon source forms a dense silica-based film during chemical vapor deposition, providing structural support and basic protection for the functional layer; the fluorine source imparts hydrophobicity to the film, reducing the adhesion of moisture and dust to the surface; more importantly, under a specific ratio, the refractive index of the film is highly compatible with the refractive index of the substrate, which can significantly reduce light reflection loss at the substrate-functional layer interface and further improve light transmittance. The supporting structure uses an aluminum alloy frame, which combines lightweight and corrosion resistance. It is laser-welded to the substrate, avoiding the compatibility issues of traditional metal connectors. At the same time, the strength of the aluminum alloy ensures the overall structural stability of the window and extends its service life.

[0020] 4. In summary, this invention fundamentally solves the problems of low light transmittance, poor weather resistance, and insufficient environmental protection of traditional openwork windows through synergistic optimization of components and processes. At the same time, it overcomes the shortcomings of high cost and poor adaptability of existing technologies, providing an ideal solution that takes into account functionality, environmental protection, and cultural value for the restoration of ancient buildings and the construction of modern imitation ancient buildings. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a comparison chart of the light transmittance of each group in the examples and comparative examples. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] This invention provides a translucent window made from sea moonstone, comprising a substrate layer, a functional layer, and a support structure. Its core is to solve the problems of low light transmittance, poor weather resistance, and insufficient mechanical properties of traditional translucent windows by optimizing the raw material ratio and process parameters, while achieving environmentally friendly utilization of materials.

[0024] The preparation of core raw materials includes: pretreatment of moon shells: sequential acid washing, alkali washing, ultrasonic cleaning, and pulverization. Acid washing uses a 0.18-0.2 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution for 8-10 minutes, followed by filtration and washing with water until neutral, to remove the surface oxide layer and metallic impurities; alkali washing uses a 0.52-0.58 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution at 68-72℃ for 12-15 minutes, followed by filtration and washing with water until neutral, to neutralize acid washing residue and remove organic contaminants; ultrasonic cleaning uses a 30-40 kHz frequency with deionized water containing 0.6-0.8 wt% sodium dodecyl sulfate for 18-22 minutes, followed by filtration and washing with water until neutral, and drying at 60℃ for 2 hours to deeply remove impurities within the pores; finally, pulverization through an 80-150 mesh sieve yields pretreated moon shell powder.

[0025] Preparation of alginate extract: Fresh kelp or wakame seaweed is selected as raw material and cleaned with ultrasonic waves at 20-30 kHz for 10-15 minutes to remove impurities; it is mixed with 0.3-0.5 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:8-1:12 and extracted by stirring at 50-60℃ and pH 8-9 for 2-3 hours; it is purified by filtration through a 100-200 mesh filter and centrifugation at 3000-4000 rpm for 15-20 minutes; 1-2 mol / L hydrochloric acid is added dropwise to adjust the pH to 2-3, and the mixture is allowed to stand at 25-30℃ for 1-1.5 hours for acid precipitation. After filtration, the precipitate is washed with water until the pH reaches 6-7; the precipitate is vacuum dried at 80-90℃ for 3-4 hours, and then mixed with 0.1-0.2 mol / L sodium carbonate solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5-8 to convert it into sodium alginate. After spray drying, the precipitate is pulverized to 60-100 mesh to obtain the alginate extract.

[0026] Preparation of modified nanocellulose: Nanocellulose with a length of 200-400 nm and a diameter of 12-18 nm is mixed with 3-4% by mass of silane coupling agent KH-550 ethanol solution, stirred and reacted at 62-68℃ for 2.0-2.8 hours, and dried at 80-90℃ for 2-3 hours to obtain modified nanocellulose. The amount added is 8-12 wt% of the total mass of the substrate layer, which can enhance the density and mechanical properties of the substrate.

[0027] Process parameters include: substrate hot pressing: brown algae extract and pretreated moon shell powder are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:5-6, modified nanocellulose is added, and the mixture is pressed at 125-135℃ and 6.5-7.5MPa for 30-32 minutes to form a transparent plate with a thickness of 3.2-3.8mm. It needs to be polished to a surface roughness Ra≤0.2μm.

[0028] Polishing processes include rough polishing and fine polishing: Rough polishing (nano alumina polishing slurry, 1000 rpm). Objective: To remove macroscopic surface defects (such as scratches and dents) and improve smoothness. Process: Use a 10% (w / w) nano-alumina suspension (particle size approximately 100-200nm) as the polishing medium, at a rotation speed of 1000 rpm for 10 minutes. Tools: Rotary polishing disc or magnetic polisher; the polishing slurry must be continuously circulated to maintain a uniform concentration. Key parameters: Rotation speed affects cutting efficiency; excessively high speeds may cause surface scratches; the pH value of the polishing slurry must be controlled between 7 and 9 to avoid corroding the substrate.

[0029] Fine polishing (nano diamond polishing paste, 2000 rpm); Objective: To achieve an ultra-smooth surface and reduce scratch depth. Process: Use nano-diamond paste (particle size ≤50nm), increase the rotation speed to 2000rpm, and polish for 5 minutes. Advantages: Diamond has high hardness (Mohs hardness 10), which can efficiently remove material, while nanoparticles reduce surface damage. Precautions: Regularly check the wear of the polishing disc to avoid introducing new scratches due to uneven tools.

[0030] Functional layer deposition: Chemical vapor deposition is used with tetraethoxysilane as the silicon source and ethyl trifluoroacetate as the fluorine source, with a mass ratio of 1:2.2-2.8. The deposition is carried out at a vacuum of 0.002-0.004 Pa and 290-310 °C for 32-38 minutes to form a composite film with a thickness of 90-110 nm, which improves light transmittance and weather resistance.

[0031] Structural assembly: The supporting structure is an aluminum alloy frame, which is combined with the substrate by laser welding. The welding power is 400-440W, and the ratio of welding speed to plate thickness is 1.6-1.8mm / (s・mm). After welding, it is sealed with silicone sealant and cured at 25℃ for 24-36 hours to complete the encapsulation.

[0032] Polymer frames can also be used to fix the overall structure of the roofed window.

[0033] The following are specific examples: Example 1: Pretreatment of moon shells: Acid washing was performed with 0.19 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution for 9 minutes, followed by filtration and washing with deionized water until neutral; then alkaline washing was performed with 0.55 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution at 70°C for 13 minutes, followed by filtration and washing with water until neutral; then ultrasonic cleaning was performed at a frequency of 35 kHz with deionized water containing 0.7 wt% sodium dodecyl sulfate for 20 minutes, followed by filtration and washing with water until neutral, and drying at 60°C for 2 hours; finally, the shells were pulverized and passed through a 120-mesh sieve to obtain pretreated moon shell powder.

[0034] Preparation of alginate extract: Fresh kelp was selected and cleaned with ultrasonic waves at 25 kHz for 12 minutes to remove impurities; it was mixed with 0.4 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 and extracted with stirring at 55℃ and pH 8.5 for 2.5 hours; it was filtered through a 150-mesh filter and purified by centrifugation at 3500 rpm for 18 minutes; 1.5 mol / L hydrochloric acid was added dropwise to adjust the pH to 2.5, and the solution was allowed to stand at 28℃ for 1.2 hours for acid precipitation. After filtration, the solution was washed with water until the pH reached 6.5; the precipitate was vacuum dried at 85℃ for 3.5 hours, mixed with 0.15 mol / L sodium carbonate solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:6.5 to convert it into sodium alginate, spray dried, and then pulverized to 80 mesh to obtain the alginate extract.

[0035] Preparation of modified nanocellulose: Nanocellulose with a length of 300 nm and a diameter of 15 nm was mixed with 3.5% by mass of silane coupling agent KH-550 ethanol solution, stirred at 65 °C for 2.4 hours, and dried at 85 °C for 2.5 hours to obtain modified nanocellulose.

[0036] Substrate preparation: Brown alginic extract and pretreated sea moon shell powder were mixed at a mass ratio of 1:5.5, and modified nanocellulose accounting for 10wt% of the total mass of the substrate layer was added. After stirring evenly, the mixture was placed into a mold. The mold was pressed at 130℃ and 7MPa for 31 minutes to form a transparent plate with a thickness of 3.5mm. The surface of the plate was polished to ensure that the surface roughness Ra≤0.2μm.

[0037] Functional layer preparation: Chemical vapor deposition was used, with tetraethoxysilane as the silicon source and ethyl trifluoroacetate as the fluorine source, with a mass ratio of 1:2.5. The deposition was carried out for 35 minutes under a vacuum of 0.003 Pa and a temperature of 300 °C to form a composite film with a thickness of 100 nm on the surface of the transparent substrate, which is the functional layer.

[0038] Structural assembly: The transparent panel with functional layer is laser welded to the aluminum alloy frame. The laser welding power is 420W, and the ratio of welding speed to the thickness of the transparent panel is 1.7mm / (s・mm). After welding, silicone sealant is applied to the joints and cured at 25℃ for 30 hours to complete the sealing of the translucent window.

[0039] Example 2: Pretreatment of moon shells: Acid washing with 0.18 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution for 8 minutes, followed by filtration and washing with water until neutral; alkaline washing with 0.52 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution at 68°C for 12 minutes, followed by filtration and washing with water until neutral; ultrasonic cleaning at 30 kHz, with the cleaning solution containing 0.6 wt% sodium dodecyl sulfate, for 18 minutes, followed by filtration and washing with water until neutral, and drying at 60°C for 2 hours; pulverizing through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain pretreated moon shell powder.

[0040] Preparation of alginate extract: Fresh wakame seaweed was selected and cleaned with ultrasonic waves at 20 kHz for 10 minutes to remove impurities; it was mixed with 0.3 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:8 and extracted by stirring at 50℃ and pH 8 for 2 hours; it was filtered through a 100-mesh filter and purified by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes; 1 mol / L hydrochloric acid was added dropwise to adjust the pH to 2, and the solution was allowed to stand at 25℃ for 1 hour for acid precipitation. After filtration, the solution was washed with water until the pH reached 6; the precipitate was vacuum dried at 80℃ for 3 hours, and then mixed with 0.1 mol / L sodium carbonate solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5 to convert it into sodium alginate. After spray drying, the solution was pulverized to 60 mesh to obtain the alginate extract.

[0041] Preparation of modified nanocellulose: Nanocellulose with a length of 200 nm and a diameter of 12 nm was mixed with 3% by mass of silane coupling agent KH-550 ethanol solution, stirred at 62 °C for 2.0 hours, and dried at 80 °C for 2 hours to obtain modified nanocellulose.

[0042] Substrate preparation: Brown alginic extract and pretreated moon shell powder were mixed at a mass ratio of 1:5, and modified nanocellulose accounting for 8wt% of the total mass of the substrate layer was added; the mixture was pressed at 125℃ and 6.5MPa for 30 minutes to form a transparent plate with a thickness of 3.2mm, and polished to Ra≤0.2μm.

[0043] Functional layer preparation: In the chemical vapor deposition process, the mass ratio of silicon source to fluorine source is 1:2.2, the vacuum degree is 0.002Pa, the deposition temperature is 290℃, and the time is 32 minutes to form a composite film with a thickness of 90nm.

[0044] Structural assembly: Laser welding power 400W, welding speed to plate thickness ratio 1.6mm / (s・mm); silicone sealant cured at 25℃ for 24 hours to complete encapsulation.

[0045] Example 3: Pretreatment of moon shells: Acid washing with 0.2 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution for 10 minutes, followed by filtration and washing with water until neutral; alkaline washing with 0.58 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution at 72°C for 15 minutes, followed by filtration and washing with water until neutral; ultrasonic cleaning at 40 kHz, with the cleaning solution containing 0.8 wt% sodium dodecyl sulfate, for 22 minutes, followed by filtration and washing with water until neutral, and drying at 60°C for 2 hours; pulverizing through a 150-mesh sieve to obtain pretreated moon shell powder.

[0046] Preparation of alginate extract: Fresh wakame seaweed was selected and cleaned with ultrasonic waves at 30 kHz for 15 minutes to remove impurities; it was mixed with 0.5 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:12 and extracted by stirring at 60℃ and pH 9 for 3 hours; it was filtered through a 200-mesh filter and purified by centrifugation at 4000 rpm for 20 minutes; 2 mol / L hydrochloric acid was added dropwise to adjust the pH to 3, and the solution was allowed to stand at 30℃ for 1.5 hours for acid precipitation. After filtration, the solution was washed with water until the pH reached 7; the precipitate was vacuum dried at 90℃ for 4 hours, and then mixed with 0.2 mol / L sodium carbonate solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:8 to convert it into sodium alginate. After spray drying, the solution was pulverized to 100 mesh to obtain the alginate extract.

[0047] Preparation of modified nanocellulose: Nanocellulose with a length of 400 nm and a diameter of 18 nm was mixed with 4% by mass of silane coupling agent KH-550 ethanol solution, stirred at 68 °C for 2.8 hours, and dried at 90 °C for 3 hours to obtain modified nanocellulose.

[0048] Substrate preparation: Brown alginic extract and pretreated moon shell powder were mixed at a mass ratio of 1:6, and modified nanocellulose accounting for 12wt% of the total mass of the substrate layer was added; the substrate was pressed at 135℃ and 7.5MPa for 32 minutes to form a transparent plate with a thickness of 3.8mm, and polished to Ra≤0.2μm.

[0049] Functional layer preparation: In the chemical vapor deposition process, the mass ratio of silicon source to fluorine source is 1:2.8, the vacuum degree is 0.004 Pa, the deposition temperature is 310℃, and the time is 38 minutes to form a composite film with a thickness of 110 nm.

[0050] Structural assembly: Laser welding power 440W, welding speed to plate thickness ratio 1.8mm / (s・mm); silicone sealant cured at 25℃ for 36 hours to complete encapsulation.

[0051] Example 4: Pretreatment of moon shells: Acid washing with 0.18 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution for 10 minutes, followed by filtration and washing with water until neutral; alkaline washing with 0.55 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution at 70°C for 14 minutes, followed by filtration and washing with water until neutral; ultrasonic cleaning at 38 kHz, with the cleaning solution containing 0.75 wt% sodium dodecyl sulfate, for 21 minutes, followed by filtration and washing with water until neutral, and drying at 60°C for 2 hours; pulverizing through a 120-mesh sieve to obtain pretreated moon shell powder.

[0052] Preparation of alginate extract: Fresh kelp was selected and cleaned with ultrasonic waves at 28 kHz for 14 minutes to remove impurities; it was mixed with 0.45 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:11 and extracted with stirring at 58℃ and pH 8.8 for 2.8 hours; it was filtered through a 180-mesh filter and purified by centrifugation at 3800 rpm for 19 minutes; 1.8 mol / L hydrochloric acid was added dropwise to adjust the pH to 2.8, and the solution was allowed to stand at 29℃ for 1.4 hours for acid precipitation. After filtration, the solution was washed with water until the pH reached 6.8; the precipitate was vacuum dried at 88℃ for 3.8 hours, mixed with 0.18 mol / L sodium carbonate solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:7.5 to convert it into sodium alginate, spray dried, and then pulverized to 90 mesh to obtain the alginate extract.

[0053] Preparation of modified nanocellulose: Nanocellulose with a length of 350 nm and a diameter of 16 nm was mixed with 3.8% by mass of silane coupling agent KH-550 ethanol solution, stirred at 66 °C for 2.6 hours, and dried at 88 °C for 2.8 hours to obtain modified nanocellulose.

[0054] Substrate preparation: Brown alginic extract and pretreated moon shell powder were mixed at a mass ratio of 1:5.6, and modified nanocellulose accounting for 11wt% of the total mass of the substrate layer was added; the mixture was pressed at 132℃ and 7.2MPa for 31.5 minutes to form a transparent plate with a thickness of 3.6mm, and polished to Ra≤0.2μm.

[0055] Functional layer preparation: In the chemical vapor deposition process, the mass ratio of silicon source to fluorine source is 1:2.6, the vacuum degree is 0.0035Pa, the deposition temperature is 305℃, and the time is 36 minutes to form a composite film with a thickness of 105nm.

[0056] Structural assembly: Laser welding power 430W, welding speed to plate thickness ratio 1.75mm / (s・mm); silicone sealant cured at 25℃ for 32 hours to complete encapsulation.

[0057] Example 5: Pretreatment of moon shells: Acid washing with 0.19 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution for 9 minutes, followed by filtration and washing with water until neutral; alkaline washing with 0.54 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution at 68°C for 14 minutes, followed by filtration and washing with water until neutral; ultrasonic cleaning at 32 kHz, with the cleaning solution containing 0.65 wt% sodium dodecyl sulfate, for 19 minutes, followed by filtration and washing with water until neutral, and drying at 60°C for 2 hours; pulverizing through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain pretreated moon shell powder.

[0058] Preparation of alginate extract: Fresh kelp was selected and cleaned with ultrasonic waves at 22 kHz for 11 minutes to remove impurities; it was mixed with 0.35 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:9 and extracted by stirring at 52℃ and pH 8.2 for 2.2 hours; it was filtered through a 120-mesh filter and purified by centrifugation at 3200 rpm for 16 minutes; 1.2 mol / L hydrochloric acid was added dropwise to adjust the pH to 2.2, and the solution was allowed to stand at 26℃ for 1.1 hours for acid precipitation. After filtration, the solution was washed with water until the pH reached 6.2; the precipitate was vacuum dried at 82℃ for 3.2 hours, and then mixed with 0.12 mol / L sodium carbonate solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:6 to convert it into sodium alginate. After spray drying, the solution was pulverized to 70 mesh to obtain the alginate extract.

[0059] Preparation of modified nanocellulose: Nanocellulose with a length of 250 nm and a diameter of 14 nm was mixed with 3.2% by mass of silane coupling agent KH-550 ethanol solution, stirred at 64 °C for 2.2 hours, and dried at 82 °C for 2.2 hours to obtain modified nanocellulose.

[0060] Substrate preparation: Brown alginic extract and pretreated moon shell powder were mixed at a mass ratio of 1:5.2, and modified nanocellulose accounting for 9wt% of the total mass of the substrate layer was added; the mixture was pressed at 128℃ and 6.8MPa for 30.5 minutes to form a transparent plate with a thickness of 3.4mm, and polished to Ra≤0.2μm.

[0061] Functional layer preparation: In the chemical vapor deposition process, the mass ratio of silicon source to fluorine source is 1:2.3, the vacuum degree is 0.0025 Pa, the deposition temperature is 295℃, and the time is 34 minutes to form a composite film with a thickness of 95 nm.

[0062] Structural assembly: Laser welding power 410W, welding speed to plate thickness ratio 1.65mm / (s・mm); silicone sealant cured at 25℃ for 28 hours to complete encapsulation.

[0063] Comparative Example 1: Except for the absence of modified nanocellulose in the substrate layer, all other process parameters were identical to those in Example 1. Specifically as follows: The substrate layer is made by mixing brown algae extract and pretreated moon shell powder at a mass ratio of 1:5.5 and pressing at 130°C and 7MPa for 31 minutes to form a transparent plate with a thickness of 3.5mm. The functional layer deposition, laser welding, and sealant curing steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0064] Comparative Example 2: Except for the mass ratio of silicon source (tetraethoxysilane) to fluorine source (ethyl trifluoroacetate) in the preparation of the functional layer being 1:2, all other process parameters were completely consistent with those in Example 1, as detailed below: In the chemical vapor deposition process, the mass ratio of silicon source to fluorine source is 1:2, the vacuum degree is 0.003 Pa, the deposition temperature is 300℃, and the time is 35 minutes to form a composite film with a thickness of 100 nm. The steps of substrate preparation, laser welding, and sealant curing are the same as in Example 1.

[0065] test To verify the effectiveness of the technical solution of the present invention, the light transmittance, salt spray resistance, compressive strength, surface hardness and self-cleaning performance of the transparent window samples prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were tested. The test methods were in accordance with industry standards, and the data were the average value of multiple tests.

[0066] Test 1: Light transmittance test Test method: Following GB / T2410-2008 "Test Methods for Transmittance and Haze of Transparent Plastics", a PerkinElmer Lambda 1050 spectrophotometer was used to test the transmittance of the samples within the wavelength range of 400-800 nm. Each sample was tested three times, and the average value was taken. The results are as follows: Table 1

[0067] As can be seen from Table 1, the light transmittance of Examples 1-5 is all higher than 88%. The core reason is that the modified nanocellulose has excellent compatibility with the Haiyue raw material after modification by KH-550, and can fill the internal pores of the substrate, reducing the scattering of light at the pores; at the same time, the ratio of silicon source to fluorine source in the functional layer is controlled at 1:2.2-2.8, and the refractive index of the film layer is adapted to the substrate, reducing surface light reflection.

[0068] Test 2: Salt spray weathering resistance test Test method: Referring to GB / T10125-2012 "Artificial Atmosphere Corrosion Test - Salt Spray Test", the sample was placed in a salt spray chamber using a 5% sodium chloride solution at a temperature of 35±2℃ for continuous spraying for 48 hours. After the test, the surface corrosion was observed, and the transmittance retention rate was calculated (transmittance after test / transmittance before test × 100%). The results are as follows: Table 2

[0069] As can be seen from Table 2, Examples 1-5 showed no corrosion after the salt spray test, and the light transmittance retention rate exceeded 98.5%. The reason is that the modified nanocellulose improves the density of the substrate and blocks the penetration of salt spray; the functional layer composite membrane has a complete structure and can effectively block the corrosion of the substrate by chloride ions.

[0070] Test 3: Compressive Strength Test Test Method: Following ASTM D695-15 "Plastics - Test Method for Compression Properties", an Instron 5969 universal testing machine was used. Samples were cut into 50mm × 50mm × 3.5mm specimens (thickness adapted to the actual sample). Pressure was applied at a rate of 10mm / min, and the maximum load at failure was recorded. The compressive strength was calculated (compressive strength = maximum load / specimen surface area). Each sample was tested 5 times, and the average value was taken. The results are as follows: Table 3

[0071] As can be seen from Table 3, the compressive strength of Examples 1-5 reaches 52.1-55.3 MPa, which meets the load requirements of building exterior walls. The core is that the modified nanocellulose forms a three-dimensional network reinforcement structure in the substrate, which is closely combined with the Haiyue raw material. At the same time, the optimization of hot pressing parameters makes the substrate highly dense.

[0072] Test 4: Surface Hardness Test Test method: Referring to GB / T6739-2022 "Determination of Hardness of Paints and Varnishes by Pencil Method", a pencil hardness tester was used. Under a load of 500g, the sample surface was scratched with pencils of different hardnesses (2H, 3H, 4H, 5H). The highest pencil hardness that did not produce a scratch was taken as the surface hardness. The results are as follows: Table 4

[0073] The surface hardness of Examples 1-5 reaches 4H-5H, and the scratch resistance is strong. The reason is that the functional layer composite film (silicon-fluorine ratio optimized) has high hardness and is tightly bonded to the substrate; the modified nanocellulose improves the surface smoothness of the substrate and reduces the risk of scratches.

[0074] Test 5: Self-cleaning performance test Test method: 0.1g of liquid paraffin (simulating oil stains) was evenly applied to the sample surface and irradiated under a 365nm, 10W ultraviolet lamp for 4 hours (irradiation distance 10cm); after gently rinsing with deionized water and drying, the oil stain decomposition rate was calculated by weighing (oil stain decomposition rate = (initial oil stain mass - residual oil stain mass) / initial oil stain mass × 100%). Each sample was tested 3 times, and the average value was taken. The results are as follows: Table 5

[0075] As can be seen from Table 5, the oil decomposition rate of Examples 1-5 exceeds 90%, and the self-cleaning performance is excellent. This is because the functional layer composite film (silicon-fluorine ratio optimized) has good photocatalytic activity and can decompose oil stains under ultraviolet irradiation. At the same time, the modified nanocellulose improves the surface smoothness of the substrate and reduces oil stain adhesion.

[0076] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A type of window lattice made from sea moonstone, characterized in that, It includes a substrate layer, a functional layer, and a support structure; The substrate layer is made of a transparent sheet material formed by hot pressing a mixture of sea moon raw material and modified nanocellulose; The sea moon raw material is composed of seaweed extract and pretreated sea moon shell powder mixed in a mass ratio of 1:5-6. The modified nanocellulose is nanocellulose modified with silane coupling agent KH-550, and the addition amount is 8-12 wt% of the total mass of the substrate layer. The seaweed extract is a brown alginic acid extract; The pretreatment of the moon shell includes sequential acid washing, alkali washing, ultrasonic cleaning and pulverization; The functional layer is disposed on the surface of the substrate layer and is a composite film prepared by chemical vapor deposition. The composite film is composed of a silicon source and a fluorine source in a mass ratio of 1:2.2-2.

8. The supporting structure is an aluminum alloy frame, which is laser-welded to the substrate layer.

2. The translucent window according to claim 1, characterized in that, The moon shell was acid-washed using a 0.18-0.2 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution for 8-10 minutes, followed by filtration and washing with water until neutral.

3. The translucent window according to claim 2, characterized in that, The alkaline washing of the moon shell is performed using a 0.52-0.58 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution at a temperature of 68-72℃ for 12-15 minutes, followed by filtration and washing with water until neutral.

4. The translucent window according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ultrasonic cleaning of the moon shell uses an ultrasonic frequency of 30-40kHz, the cleaning solution is deionized water containing 0.6-0.8wt% sodium dodecyl sulfate, the cleaning time is 18-22 minutes, then it is filtered, washed with water until neutral, and dried at 60℃ for 2 hours.

5. The translucent window according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the alginate extract is as follows: Fresh kelp or wakame seaweed is selected as the raw material. It is first cleaned with ultrasonic waves at 20-30 kHz for 10-15 minutes to remove impurities. Then, it is mixed with 0.3-0.5 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:8-1:12 and extracted by stirring at 50-60℃ and pH 8-9 for 2-3 hours. Subsequently, it is filtered through a 100-200 mesh filter and purified by centrifugation at 3000-4000 rpm for 15-20 minutes. 1-2 mol / L hydrochloric acid is added dropwise to the purified filtrate to adjust the pH to 2-3. The filtrate is allowed to stand at 25-30℃ for 1-1.5 hours for acid precipitation. After filtration, it is washed with water until the pH reaches 6-7. Finally, the precipitate is vacuum dried at 80-90℃ for 3-4 hours and mixed with 0.1-0.2 mol / L sodium carbonate solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5-8 to convert it into sodium alginate. After spray drying, it is pulverized to 60-100 mesh to obtain the alginate extract.

6. The translucent window according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the transparent sheet is 3.2-3.8mm, and the hot pressing process is carried out at a temperature of 125-135℃, a pressure of 6.5-7.5MPa, and a holding time of 30-32 minutes.

7. A method for manufacturing a translucent window as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Pretreatment of moon shell: Acid washing, alkali washing and ultrasonic cleaning are carried out in sequence according to the above requirements. Then, the powder is crushed and passed through an 80-150 mesh sieve to obtain pretreated moon shell powder. (2) Substrate preparation: Pretreated moon shell powder, alginate extract and modified nanocellulose are mixed, hot-pressed into transparent sheet, and then polished. (3) Functional layer preparation: A composite film is deposited on the surface of the transparent plate by chemical vapor deposition to form a functional layer; (4) Structural assembly: The transparent plate with functional layer is laser welded to the aluminum alloy frame, and then sealed with silicone sealant to complete the encapsulation of the window.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step (2), the preparation of modified nanocellulose includes: mixing nanocellulose with a length of 200-400 nm and a diameter of 12-18 nm with a silane coupling agent KH-550 ethanol solution of 3-4% by mass, stirring and reacting at 62-68℃ for 2.0-2.8 hours, and drying at 80-90℃ for 2-3 hours to obtain modified nanocellulose.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The chemical vapor deposition process in step (3) includes: using tetraethoxysilane as the silicon source and ethyl trifluoroacetate as the fluorine source, depositing for 32-38 minutes at a vacuum of 0.002-0.004 Pa and a deposition temperature of 290-310 °C to form a composite film with a thickness of 90-110 nm.

10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step (4), the power of laser welding is 400-440W, the ratio of welding speed to the thickness of transparent plate is 1.6-1.8mm / (s・mm), and the curing time of silicone sealant is 24-36 hours.

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