Energy-saving current-sharing bus for aluminum electrolysis cell

Abstract

The invention provides an energy-saving current-sharing bus for an aluminum electrolysis cell, and relates to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis cell buses, the energy-saving current-sharing bus comprises a plurality of longitudinal horizontal buses, a plurality of middle connecting buses and a plurality of end connecting buses; the two longitudinal horizontal buses which are parallel to each other are respectively arranged along the length direction of the aluminum electrolysis cell; the first end of the first longitudinal horizontal bus and the first end of the second longitudinal horizontal bus are connected through a first end connecting bus, and the second end of the first longitudinal horizontal bus and the second end of the second longitudinal horizontal bus are connected through a second end connecting bus; a plurality of anode current distribution transformation point positions are obtained on the line body part of the first longitudinal horizontal bus, the first end of the middle connection bus is connected with the anode current distribution transformation point positions, the second end of the middle connection bus is connected to the second longitudinal horizontal bus, and the middle connection bus is perpendicular to the first longitudinal direction. The angle pole has the advantage of solving the problems of insufficient conduction, non-uniform current distribution and high energy consumption of the angle pole in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aluminum electrolytic cell busbar technology, and more specifically, to an energy-saving current-equalizing busbar for aluminum electrolytic cells. Background Technology

[0002] The aluminum electrolytic cell is the most important equipment in aluminum smelting. It uses cryolite as the electrolyte to dissolve alumina and conducts an electrochemical reaction at a high temperature of approximately 950℃~1000℃, reducing metallic aluminum at the cathode. In the anode conductive structure of the aluminum electrolytic cell, two sets of horizontal busbars are generally arranged side by side along the length of the cell. Within each aluminum electrolytic cell, multiple sets of anode carbon block groups, consisting of anode guide rods, anode steel claws, and anode carbon blocks, are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the two sets of busbars. The bottom of the anode carbon blocks is in horizontal contact with the molten salt electrolyte in the lower shell of the aluminum electrolytic cell, guiding the current of the anode busbars into the electrolyte, allowing the anode carbon blocks to participate in the thermo-electrochemical reaction.

[0003] The anodes installed at both ends of the electrolytic cell's flue and aluminum tapping end are angle electrodes. Due to uneven current distribution, poor local thermal efficiency, and poor local insulation, the consumption of angle electrodes is relatively slow. Furthermore, heat dissipation increases at the corners of the electrolytic cell, and over time, the corner extensions and furnace sides gradually thicken, causing uneven anode consumption. Long angle electrodes can compromise the stability of the electrolytic cell, not only increasing anode carbon consumption and reducing current efficiency but also damaging the cell's internal structure and increasing the labor intensity of workers. During aluminum tapping, the descent of the busbars causes the anode guide rods to bend and the welds to crack, requiring multiple manual replacements of the anodes and treatment of the extensions. Moreover, power outages and voltage fluctuations are prone to occur after aluminum tapping and other operations, increasing the labor intensity of workers handling various abnormal situations and the cost of purchasing raw materials for weld repair. Secondly, the connecting busbars between the horizontal busbars of the aluminum electrolytic cell form a parallel circuit, and the number of connecting busbar groups is usually the same as the number of column busbars. The smaller number of groups results in higher resistance and higher power consumption. Current conventional technical solutions involve reducing aluminum production, decreasing heat dissipation, and increasing the set voltage to increase heat input. This method can melt excessively thick furnace legs and walls, but it can cause overheating of cathodes in other areas, leading to new cathode damage. Alternatively, optimizing the design, increasing the corner electrode temperature, adjusting the electrode switching method, strengthening external insulation, and adjusting process parameters are also effective methods. However, these methods are relatively expensive, and the effects of some measures are not very significant.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to optimize the busbar structure of aluminum electrolysis cells to achieve conductivity balance and improve current distribution in a cost-effective manner, so as to solve the problems of insufficient corner electrode conductivity, uneven current distribution and high energy consumption in the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an energy-saving current-equalizing busbar for aluminum electrolysis cells, which can achieve conductivity balance and improve current distribution in a cost-effective manner.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: An energy-saving current-equalizing busbar for aluminum electrolysis cells includes multiple longitudinal horizontal busbars, multiple intermediate connecting busbars, and multiple end connecting busbars. Two parallel longitudinal horizontal busbars are arranged along the length of the aluminum electrolysis cell. The first end of the first longitudinal horizontal busbar and the first end of the second longitudinal horizontal busbar are connected by a first end connecting busbar, and the second end of the first longitudinal horizontal busbar and the second end of the second longitudinal horizontal busbar are connected by a second end connecting busbar. Multiple anode current distribution modification points are obtained on the line body of the first longitudinal horizontal busbar. The first end of the intermediate connecting busbar is connected to the anode current distribution modification point and the second end is connected to the second longitudinal horizontal busbar. The intermediate connecting busbar is perpendicular to the first longitudinal busbar.

[0007] Preferably, the method for obtaining multiple anode current distribution modification points on the body portion of the first longitudinal horizontal busbar is as follows: Find the points where the anode current is less than the preset anode current threshold.

[0008] Preferably, the method for obtaining the points where the anode current is less than a preset anode current threshold is as follows: A magnetic field measurement is performed on the aluminum electrolysis cell, and the point where the anode current is less than a preset anode current threshold is determined based on the results of the magnetic field measurement.

[0009] Preferably, multiple connecting elbows are also provided; Each connection point between the longitudinal horizontal busbar and the end connection busbar is connected by a connecting elbow.

[0010] Preferably, the position and / or shape of the branch pipe are modified according to the position and shape of the plurality of longitudinal horizontal busbars and the plurality of intermediate connecting busbars to avoid affecting the lifting operation of the energy-saving current equalization busbar for aluminum electrolysis cells.

[0011] Preferably, the method for modifying the position and / or shape of the cigarette pipe is as follows: Based on the maximum height of the end connecting busbar and its own width, determine the portion of the pipe wall at the bottom of the circular smoke pipe that will obstruct the lifting. After cutting off this portion of the pipe wall to a preset size and sealing it, ensure that the end connecting busbar will not touch the smoke pipe during the lifting process. The preset size is selected based on the condition that the end connecting busbar will not conduct current with the upper part of the aluminum electrolysis cell during the lifting process.

[0012] Preferably, the energy-saving current-equalizing busbar for the aluminum electrolytic cell is formed by integral casting and / or pressing and / or welding and / or bolt connection.

[0013] Preferably, the energy-saving current-equalizing busbar for the aluminum electrolytic cell is made of aluminum, copper, or an alloy.

[0014] Preferably, the alloy comprises multiple metals with electrical conductivity higher than a preset threshold.

[0015] Preferably, the cross-sectional area of ​​the energy-saving current-equalizing busbar used in the aluminum electrolysis cell is determined according to the required current-equalizing value.

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects: This invention improves the uneven current distribution and enhances stability by adding a connecting busbar between two horizontal busbars along the length of the electrolytic cell, especially by setting up auxiliary connection paths in areas with weak current distribution. This invention can significantly reduce the resistance of the connecting busbars between the horizontal busbars of the aluminum electrolysis cell, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the aluminum electrolysis cell and improving production efficiency. This invention is reasonably designed and has a simple structure. It can solve the problems of low corner electrode temperature, slow consumption, need for electrode replacement, potential cracking and explosion of weld joints, and risk of electrode detachment in traditional aluminum electrolysis cells by simple adjustments. The corner electrode problem is greatly improved, the production cost is significantly reduced, the electrolysis cell operates relatively stably, and the safety risk is further reduced. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energy-saving current-equalizing busbar for aluminum electrolysis cells provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energy-saving current-equalizing busbar for aluminum electrolysis cells provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energy-saving current-equalizing busbar for aluminum electrolysis cells provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Icons: 1-Aluminum electrolytic cell, 2-Anode system, 3-Upper part of the cell, 4-Longitudinal horizontal busbar, 5-Intermediate connecting busbar, 6-End connecting busbar, 7-Connecting elbow, 8-Branch pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0019] Example 1 This embodiment provides an energy-saving current-equalizing busbar for an aluminum electrolysis cell 1, see reference. Figure 1 It includes multiple longitudinal horizontal busbars 4, multiple intermediate connecting busbars 5 and multiple end connecting busbars 6; Two parallel longitudinal horizontal busbars 4 are arranged along the length of the aluminum electrolysis cell 1. The first end of the first longitudinal horizontal busbar 4 and the first end of the second longitudinal horizontal busbar 4 are connected by the first end connecting busbar 6, and the second end of the first longitudinal horizontal busbar 4 and the second end of the second longitudinal horizontal busbar 4 are connected by the second end connecting busbar 6. Multiple anode current distribution modification points are obtained on the line body of the first longitudinal horizontal busbar 4. The first end of the intermediate connecting busbar 5 is connected to the anode current distribution modification point and the second end is connected to the second longitudinal horizontal busbar 4. The intermediate connecting busbar 5 is perpendicular to the first longitudinal busbar.

[0020] In addition, the cross-sectional area of ​​the energy-saving current-equalizing busbar used in the aluminum electrolysis cell 1 is determined according to the required current-equalizing value.

[0021] In this embodiment, the end-energy-saving current-equalizing busbar can be installed inside the upper part 3 of the electrolytic cell, or it can be installed at the end of the upper part 3 of the cell or the aluminum electrolytic cell 1.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment, the method for obtaining multiple anode current distribution modification points on the body portion of the first longitudinal horizontal busbar 4 is as follows: Find the points where the anode current is less than the preset anode current threshold.

[0023] Based on this, the method for obtaining the points where the anode current is less than the preset anode current threshold is as follows: A magnetic field measurement is performed on the aluminum electrolysis cell 1, and the point where the anode current is less than the preset anode current threshold is determined based on the results of the magnetic field measurement.

[0024] Generally, magnetic field measurements can be achieved in the following ways: First, a two-dimensional regular grid is established above the aluminum electrolysis cell 1, for example, every 0.1–0.5 m along the length of the cell and every 0.1–0.5 m along the width, with the specific spacing depending on the busbar spacing and resolution requirements. The grid height can be 50–200 mm from the busbar surface. Then, a triaxial Hall probe can be used to measure the vector magnetic field at each grid point. Multiple samples can be taken from the same grid point and averaged or filtered. In addition, multi-node current measurements can also be performed directly.

[0025] In other words, by testing the anode current distribution and magnetic field of aluminum electrolysis cell 1, adding a connecting busbar at the location where the anode current distribution is smaller between two horizontal busbars symmetrically distributed along the length of the electrolysis cell, and directly connecting the transverse horizontal busbars near both ends of the electrolysis cell, can reduce resistance and improve the uniformity of anode current distribution.

[0026] On the other hand, the energy-saving current-equalizing busbar of the aluminum electrolysis cell 1 in this embodiment is also provided with multiple connecting elbows 7; Each connection point between the longitudinal horizontal busbar 4 and the end connecting busbar 6 is connected by a connecting elbow 7.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment, the aluminum electrolysis cell 1 is formed by integral casting and / or pressing and / or welding and / or bolting of an energy-saving current equalization busbar.

[0028] Specifically, the material of the energy-saving current-equalizing busbar used in the aluminum electrolysis cell 1 is aluminum, copper, or an alloy.

[0029] Based on the above scheme, the alloy includes various metals with conductivity exceeding a preset threshold. It should be noted that the energy-saving current-sharing busbar material can be rigid or flexible to meet the usage requirements under different operating conditions.

[0030] See as an implementation case. Figure 1 Easily processed aluminum plates can be used as the material for the current-equalizing busbar. Through simulation calculations and actual measurements, several current-equalizing busbars are welded to the weaker current distribution areas between the two longitudinal busbars and at the ends, ensuring a secure connection with the longitudinal busbars. Simultaneously, to ensure the busbar can be raised and lowered normally, since part of it needs to pass through the upper part of the aluminum electrolysis cell 1, the corresponding smoke pipe 8 needs to be modified accordingly. Based on the positions and shapes of the multiple longitudinal horizontal busbars 4 and the multiple intermediate connecting busbars 5, the position and / or shape of the smoke pipe 8 are modified to avoid affecting the lifting operation of the energy-saving current-equalizing busbar in the aluminum electrolysis cell 1.

[0031] As a preferred embodiment, the method for modifying the position and / or shape of the cigarette branch pipe 8 is as follows: Based on the maximum height of the end connecting busbar 6 and its own width, determine the portion of the pipe wall at the bottom of the circular smoke pipe 8 that will obstruct the lifting. After cutting off this portion of the pipe wall to a preset size and sealing it, ensure that the end connecting busbar 6 will not touch the smoke pipe 8 during the lifting process. The preset size is selected based on the fact that the end connecting busbar 6 and the upper part 3 of the aluminum electrolysis cell 1 will not conduct current during the lifting process.

[0032] Example 2 This embodiment is based on the technical solution of Embodiment 1 and provides another molding method.

[0033] See Figure 2 During manufacturing, currently mature materials such as pure aluminum can be used as the busbar material. The longitudinal horizontal busbar 4, intermediate connecting busbar 5, and end connecting busbar 6 are produced using a one-piece casting method, ensuring they meet the required dimensions and quality. The intermediate connecting busbar 5 and end connecting busbar 6 are then welded to the longitudinal horizontal busbar 4. This solution does not require significant modifications to the electrolytic cell; only the large busbar needs to be replaced.

[0034] It should be noted that no modification to the cigarette pipe is required under the scheme of this embodiment.

[0035] Example 3 This embodiment is based on the technical solution of Embodiment 1 and provides another molding method.

[0036] See Figure 3 In this embodiment, the longitudinal horizontal busbar 4, which meets the required dimensions and quality, and the end connecting busbar 6 of the longitudinal busbar can also be produced by casting. The end connecting busbar 6 is then connected to the longitudinal horizontal busbar 4 by welding. This process can be directly modified on the electrolytic cell without any other modifications, making it relatively convenient.

[0037] It should be noted that no modification to the cigarette pipe is required under the scheme of this embodiment.

[0038] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy-saving current-equalizing busbar for aluminum electrolysis cells, characterized in that, It includes multiple longitudinal horizontal busbars, multiple intermediate connecting busbars, and multiple end connecting busbars; Two parallel longitudinal horizontal busbars are arranged along the length of the aluminum electrolysis cell. The first end of the first longitudinal horizontal busbar and the first end of the second longitudinal horizontal busbar are connected by a first end connecting busbar, and the second end of the first longitudinal horizontal busbar and the second end of the second longitudinal horizontal busbar are connected by a second end connecting busbar. Multiple anode current distribution modification points are obtained on the line body of the first longitudinal horizontal busbar. The first end of the intermediate connecting busbar is connected to the anode current distribution modification point and the second end is connected to the second longitudinal horizontal busbar. The intermediate connecting busbar is perpendicular to the first longitudinal busbar.

2. The energy-saving current-equalizing busbar for aluminum electrolysis cells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for obtaining multiple anode current distribution modification points on the body portion of the first longitudinal horizontal busbar is as follows: Find the points where the anode current is less than the preset anode current threshold.

3. The energy-saving current-equalizing busbar for aluminum electrolysis cells according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the points where the anode current is less than the preset anode current threshold is as follows: A magnetic field measurement is performed on the aluminum electrolysis cell, and the point where the anode current is less than a preset anode current threshold is determined based on the results of the magnetic field measurement.

4. The energy-saving current-equalizing busbar for aluminum electrolysis cells according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also has multiple connecting elbows; Each connection point between the longitudinal horizontal busbar and the end connection busbar is connected by a connecting elbow.

5. The energy-saving current-equalizing busbar for aluminum electrolysis cells according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the position and shape of the multiple longitudinal horizontal busbars and the multiple intermediate connecting busbars, the position and / or shape of the smoke branch pipe are modified to avoid affecting the lifting operation of the energy-saving current equalization busbar for aluminum electrolysis cells.

6. The energy-saving current-equalizing busbar for aluminum electrolysis cells according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method for modifying the position and / or shape of the cigarette branch pipe is as follows: based on the maximum height of the end connecting busbar and its own width, determine the part of the pipe wall at the bottom of the circular cigarette branch pipe that will obstruct the lifting, cut off the pipe wall by a preset size and seal it to ensure that the end connecting busbar will not hit the cigarette branch pipe during the lifting process. The selection standard for the preset size is that the end connecting busbar and the upper part of the aluminum electrolysis cell will not conduct current during the lifting process.

7. The energy-saving current-equalizing busbar for aluminum electrolysis cells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy-saving current-equalizing busbar for the aluminum electrolytic cell is formed by integral casting and / or pressing and / or welding and / or bolt connection.

8. The energy-saving current-equalizing busbar for aluminum electrolysis cells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy-saving current-equalizing busbar used in the aluminum electrolysis cell is made of aluminum, copper, or an alloy.

9. The energy-saving current-equalizing busbar for aluminum electrolytic cells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The alloy comprises a variety of metals with electrical conductivity exceeding a preset threshold.

10. The energy-saving current-equalizing busbar for aluminum electrolysis cells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-sectional area of ​​the energy-saving current-equalizing busbar used in the aluminum electrolysis cell is determined according to the required current-equalizing value.

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