Adjustable split mounting type back rib steel-wood combined formwork with reinforcing ribs and construction method of adjustable split mounting type back rib steel-wood combined formwork

Abstract

The invention discloses an adjustable assembly type back rib steel-wood combined formwork with reinforcing ribs and a construction method of the adjustable assembly type back rib steel-wood combined formwork. The formwork comprises a formwork body, a steel back rib unit and an intelligent control module. The steel back rib unit is formed by longitudinally splicing section steel with standard length, and an electromagnetic coil and a mechanical lock catch mechanism are integrated in an inner cavity of the steel back rib unit. The intelligent control module presets various construction control modes, senses concrete side pressure in real time through a pressure sensor, and automatically controls cooperative work of electromagnetic force and a mechanical lock catch mechanism. During construction, different sizes are adapted through modular assembly, electromagnetic force is used for assisting in positioning and preliminary fixing, and then mechanical locking is conducted; in the pouring stage, electromagnetic force and mechanical locking force bear pressure together, electromagnetism is automatically cut off in the solidification stage to save energy, and reverse pulse current is applied in the demolding stage to reduce demolding resistance. The light-weight, adjustable, intelligent and efficient lossless demolding of the formwork is achieved, and the construction efficiency, the forming quality and the safety are remarkably improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of construction engineering construction control, and particularly relates to a back-rib steel-wood combined formwork with reinforcing ribs and an adjustable assembly method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In cast-in-place concrete structure construction, the steel back-rib formwork module is the key to ensure the forming, size precision and surface quality of concrete members such as bridge pile caps and retaining walls. At present, large steel formworks or scattered wood formworks are often used for such mass concrete structures. The large steel formwork has high strength and large rigidity, and can be used for many times, but it is heavy and needs large lifting equipment for installation and removal, and has poor flexibility and high cost. In addition, it needs to be customized according to the structure size, and has poor universality and adjustability. The scattered wood formwork is flexible in material selection, easy to cut and assemble, and can be adapted to different sizes, but the overall rigidity is weak, and it is easy to deform and expand the formwork under the side pressure of concrete, causing size deviation of the member. The assembly and reinforcement of the scattered wood formwork are complicated, and depend on manual work and fasteners, which has low construction efficiency and high technical requirements for workers, and many connection points are easy to cause leakage of concrete due to improper fastening.

[0003] In order to improve the standardization and lightness of the formwork, a modular assembly formwork system has emerged, which is composed of standard size units by mechanical connection. However, the existing technology has the following three problems: 1) The connection usually depends on bolts or pins, which is time-consuming and laborious to align and tighten the holes, and is more prominent in high altitude or space-limited environment; 2) The formwork is easy to bond with concrete and adjacent formwork joints, and strong stripping is needed for demolding, which is not only dangerous but also easy to damage the corners of the formwork and concrete, shortening the service life; 3) The intelligent degree is low, and the concrete side pressure cannot be sensed in real time, and the installation, locking and removal processes depend on manual experience, which may cause safety hazards due to early removal or excessive locking, and the energy utilization efficiency is low.

[0004] In recent years, there have been attempts to apply electromagnetic technology to the field of tooling fixtures, using electromagnetic force to realize the rapid adsorption and fixation of metal workpieces. However, it is still a blank to innovatively integrate electromagnetic technology into the steel back-rib formwork module of concrete and make it work cooperatively with the mechanical locking mechanism to realize intelligent positioning, sealing, bearing and efficient demolding of the formwork.

[0005] Based on the above analysis, the bottlenecks of the existing formwork technology can be summarized as three core problems: 1) The existing modular formwork is difficult to realize lightness and size adjustment while ensuring rigidity; 2) The connection and separation processes of the formwork are too dependent on manual work and easy to damage the concrete and formwork; 3) The steel back-rib formwork module cannot sense the state of concrete during the entire construction process, and cannot adaptively adjust the support strategy according to the construction stage, which may cause safety hazards and energy utilization is extensive. Therefore, there is an urgent need in the field for a new formwork system that integrates lightness, high strength, size flexibility, convenient construction and intelligent control, to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the existing technology. SUMMARY

[0006] The application aims to provide a back-rib steel-wood combined formwork with adjustable assembling and reinforcing ribs and a construction method thereof, so as to solve the problems of large weight, inflexible adjustment, low construction efficiency, difficult demolding and low intelligent degree of the existing formwork technology.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the application adopts the following technical solutions: The application provides a back-rib steel-wood combined formwork with adjustable assembling and reinforcing ribs, which comprises a formwork, a steel back-rib unit and an intelligent control module. The formwork is used as a forming surface directly contacting with concrete, and is made of wood plywood or bamboo plywood meeting the building formwork standard and is detachably installed on the outer side of the steel back-rib unit through mechanical connecting pieces, so as to be quickly replaced according to the apparent quality requirement or wear condition of the concrete structure. The steel back-rib unit constitutes a rigid support framework of the formwork and is longitudinally spliced by a plurality of steel back-ribs with standard length; the steel back-rib is a profile steel with an internal cavity, and the internal cavity is integrated with an electromagnetic coil, a power supply for the coil and a mechanical lock mechanism; the electromagnetic coil is a tightly wound copper solenoid embedded in an insulating chamber preformed at the end of the steel back-rib and is connected with the power supply through high-temperature-resistant wires, and is used for controlling the generated attractive force or repulsive force by controlling the current size and direction flowing through the electromagnetic coil; the power supply is a rechargeable battery or a capacitor; the mechanical lock mechanism comprises an electric bolt arranged at the end of the steel back-rib and a corresponding pin hole arranged at the end of the adjacent steel back-rib, and the electric bolt is driven by a micro motor; the attractive force generated by the electromagnetic coil can assist the end of the adjacent steel back-rib to closely adhere, so as to provide alignment assistance and initial compression force for the accurate insertion of the bolt. The intelligent control module comprises a sensing unit, an executing unit, a control unit and a storage unit; the sensing unit comprises a pressure sensor and an alignment sensor; the pressure sensor is embeddedly installed on the side wall of the steel back rib unit facing the concrete, for real-time collection of the side pressure of the concrete acting on the formwork; the alignment sensor is installed on the mechanical lock mechanism, for detection of the alignment error of the interface of adjacent steel back rib units; the executing unit comprises a driving circuit of the electromagnetic coil and a driving circuit of the micro motor; the control unit adopts an embedded microprocessor, and is in communication connection with the sensing unit and the executing unit through wireless signals; the storage unit stores a control program, and is preset with control modes based on construction stages, including but not limited to installation mode, pouring mode, solidification mode and stripping mode; each control mode program defines the default current value output to the electromagnetic coil, the driving instruction of the mechanical lock mechanism, and the response logic to the feedback signal of the pressure sensor, and the operator can select the control mode through the human-computer interface, or authorize the intelligent control module to automatically trigger the switching of the control mode according to the pressure sensor data.

[0008] Preferably, the standard length of the steel back rib unit includes but is not limited to 0.5 meters, 1.0 meters and 1.5 meters, and the overall length of the steel back rib formwork module is adjusted by combination and splicing of different numbers.

[0009] Preferably, the steel back rib formwork module is divided into standard straight-line units and right-angle units according to its functions and shapes; the standard straight-line unit is applied to the straight-line segment part of the concrete surface, the steel back rib unit thereof is a straight-line profile, forming the main load-bearing framework; the right-angle unit is applied to the external corner or internal corner part of the concrete surface, the steel back rib unit thereof is bent at right angles, so as to realize close and rigid connection at the corner; the standard straight-line unit and the right-angle unit jointly constitute a complete and continuous formwork system through combination.

[0010] Preferably, the intelligent control module is preset with control modes based on construction stages, specifically including: Installation mode: output low electromagnetic force, assist the rapid positioning and preliminary alignment between adjacent steel back ribs, between the steel back rib and the underlying concrete or steel bar, provide centering guidance for subsequent mechanical locking; Pouring mode: the electromagnetic coil is connected with high current, strong magnetic attraction force is generated, and the mechanical lock mechanism works together to resist the side pressure of the newly poured concrete, enhance the overall rigidity and joint sealing property of the formwork, and effectively inhibit the formwork expansion and grout leakage; Solidification mode: when the concrete is initially solidified and the side pressure is significantly reduced, the electromagnetic coil current is automatically cut off, and the steel back rib formwork module only relies on the mechanical lock mechanism to bear the structural load, thereby reducing energy consumption and avoiding electromagnetic interference; Demoulding mode: output a short reverse current, the intelligent control module passes a momentary, low-intensity reverse pulse current to the electromagnetic coil, thereby eliminating the residual magnetic attraction between the steel back rib and the steel bars or other metal embedded parts in the concrete, and at the same time, using the momentary change of the electromagnetic field, weakening the van der Waals force bonding and vacuum adsorption effect between the formwork and the concrete interface, thereby reducing the initial demoulding resistance; The pressure sensor monitors the side pressure of the concrete on the formwork in real time; the intelligent control module presets a side pressure threshold value, and when the monitored side pressure continuously falls below the threshold value, the module is automatically switched from the pouring mode to the solidification mode, and a prompt information is issued.

[0011] A construction method of an adjustable assembled back rib steel-wood combined formwork with reinforcing ribs, applied to an adjustable assembled back rib steel-wood combined formwork with reinforcing ribs, comprising the following steps: S1, modular assembly: determine the assembly scheme according to the design size of the concrete structure; set the total length of the required steel back rib formwork module as L t , and the standard length specification of the steel back rib formwork module is L i , the combination satisfies the following relationship:

[0012] , wherein k i is the number of each specification of the steel back rib formwork module, which is optimized and configured by integer programming to minimize the number of joints and material waste; S2, preliminary fixation: after the steel back rib formwork module is transported to the target construction position, the installation mode is started; the intelligent control module outputs an electric current I 1 to the electromagnetic coil, generating an adsorption force F 1 and enabling the steel back rib formwork module to be temporarily adsorbed and fixed on the steel bars of the concrete structure, achieving rapid positioning and temporary stability, and assisting the alignment of the interface of the adjacent steel back rib formwork modules; S3, mechanical locking: under the assistance of the initial compression force provided by the electromagnetic adsorption force, the interfaces of the adjacent steel back rib formwork modules are tightly fitted; the interface error of the adjacent steel back rib formwork modules is detected by the alignment sensor δ 1 , when δ 1 is less than the set threshold value δ 1 , the intelligent control module automatically triggers the micro motor to drive the electric bolt to insert into the pin hole at the end of the adjacent steel back rib formwork module, completing the rigid interlocking; S4. Pressure bearing during pouring: Switch to the pouring mode before pouring concrete; at this time, the intelligent control module supplies a higher preset current to the electromagnetic coil. I 2 This causes it to have a large adsorption force. F 2 The adsorption force F 2 Total locking force provided by the mechanical locking mechanism F g They work together to resist the maximum lateral pressure of the freshly poured concrete, satisfying the following relationship:

[0013] in, F g The locking force provided to the mechanical locking mechanism. η 2 For safety margin, it is usually taken as 1.5 to 2.0; λ To account for the dynamic pressure coefficient of concrete vibration operation, it is usually taken as 1.2 to 1.5; ρ The density of concrete; h This is the template height; β It is the electromagnetic force constant; S5. Intelligent Sensing and Mode Switching: After concrete pouring, pressure sensors continuously monitor lateral pressure. P Changes, when the side pressure is detected to be continuously decreasing and below a preset threshold [ P When the concrete is in pouring mode, the intelligent control module automatically switches from pouring mode to solidification mode. In solidification mode, the power supply to the electromagnetic coil is cut off, and only the mechanical locking mechanism bears the subsequent structural load, thereby achieving energy saving and avoiding potential electromagnetic interference. At the same time, the intelligent control module issues a prompt signal to inform the operator of the concrete status. S6. High-efficiency demolding: When the concrete reaches the demolding strength, the demolding mode is activated. The intelligent control module first sends an instantaneous, low-intensity reverse pulse current to the electromagnetic coil. The resulting repulsive force is used to eliminate the residual magnetic attraction between the steel back rib and the steel bars or other metal embedded parts in the concrete, and weaken the physical bonding effect between the formwork and the concrete interface, thereby reducing the initial demolding resistance. Subsequently, the control unit remotely controls the micro motor to retract the electric pin and release the mechanical lock, thereby completing the demolding.

[0014] In summary, compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are: it proposes an adjustable, modular steel-wood composite formwork with reinforcing ribs, including a formwork, steel back rib units, and an intelligent control module; the corresponding construction method includes modular assembly, initial fixing, mechanical locking, pressure bearing during pouring, intelligent sensing and mode switching, and non-destructive and efficient demolding; and it achieves the following breakthrough improvements: 1) Significantly improves construction efficiency: The innovative electromagnetic-assisted positioning and mechanical locking collaborative working mechanism changes the traditional operation mode that relies on manual alignment and cumbersome bolt tightening; in the installation mode, electromagnetic force can achieve rapid initial positioning and stabilization of the template, greatly reducing the difficulty and intensity of operation at height or in confined spaces; the automatic drive of the mechanical locking mechanism realizes a fast and precise rigid connection. 2) Intelligent construction and precise pressure control: The integrated intelligent control module and pressure sensor enable the formwork system to have perception, decision-making and execution capabilities; the system can adaptively adjust the working mode according to different construction stages such as pouring and solidification, which not only ensures the structural safety under maximum lateral pressure and effectively suppresses formwork bulging and grout leakage, but also realizes on-demand energy allocation and improves energy utilization efficiency. 3) Non-destructive and efficient demolding: The instantaneous reverse pulse current applied in demolding mode can actively eliminate the residual magnetic attraction between the steel back rib and the reinforcing bar, and weaken the bonding effect between the formwork and the concrete interface, thereby fundamentally reducing the initial demolding resistance; This makes the demolding process smooth and easy, avoids violent damage to the concrete edges and the formwork surface, ensures the quality of concrete molding, and significantly extends the number of times the formwork, especially the easily damaged wooden panels, can be reused. 4) Enhanced safety and reduced overall costs: Intelligent mode switching reduces over-reliance on worker experience and lowers the safety risks caused by premature demolding or insufficient locking due to misjudgment of concrete strength; the modularity and standardization of formwork and the replaceability of wooden formwork reduce the types of spare parts and inventory, thus lowering maintenance costs; Overall, this invention improves construction quality and efficiency while providing effective equipment support for achieving green and intelligent construction, and has extremely high promotion and application value. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of the steel back rib template module shown in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the standard linear unit and right-angle unit shown in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a connection diagram of the intelligent control module shown in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating a construction method for an adjustable, modular steel-wood composite formwork with reinforcing ribs, as shown in an embodiment of the present invention. Among them, 1-template, 2-steel back rib unit, 21-steel back rib, 22-internal cavity, 23-electromagnetic coil, 24-mechanical locking mechanism, 25-power supply, 26-standard linear unit, 27-right angle unit, 31-sensing unit, 311-pressure sensor, 312-alignment sensor, 32-actuator unit, 33-control unit, 34-storage unit. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments given herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0017] The first aspect of this application discloses as follows: Figures 1-3 The diagram shows an adjustable, modular steel-wood composite formwork with reinforcing ribs, comprising a formwork 1, a steel back rib unit 2, and an intelligent control module; wherein the formwork 1 and the steel back rib unit 2 constitute a steel back rib formwork module.

[0018] The template 1, as the forming surface that directly contacts the concrete, is made of wood plywood or bamboo plywood that meets the building template standards. It is detachably installed on the outside of the steel back rib unit 2 through mechanical connectors, which facilitates quick replacement according to the appearance quality requirements of the concrete structure or the wear condition.

[0019] The steel back rib unit 2 constitutes the rigid support frame of the template 1, and is formed by longitudinally splicing multiple steel back ribs 21 of standard length. Specifically, the standard length of the steel back rib unit includes, but is not limited to, 0.5 meters, 1.0 meters, and 1.5 meters. By combining and splicing different numbers, the overall length of the steel back rib template module can be adjusted. The steel back rib 21 is made of steel with an internal cavity 22. The internal cavity 22 integrates an electromagnetic coil 23, a power supply 25 for supplying power to the coil, and a mechanical locking mechanism 24. The electromagnetic coil 23 is a tightly wound copper solenoid embedded in the steel. The pre-fabricated insulating cavity at the end of the back rib is connected to the power supply 25 via a high-temperature resistant wire. This is used to control the magnitude and direction of the current flowing through the electromagnetic coil 23 to generate an attractive or repulsive force. The power supply 25 is a rechargeable battery or capacitor. The mechanical locking mechanism 24 includes an electric pin located at the end of the steel back rib and corresponding pin holes located at the ends of adjacent steel back ribs. The electric pin is driven by a micro motor. The attractive force generated by the electromagnetic coil 23 can assist the ends of adjacent steel back ribs to fit tightly together, providing alignment assistance and initial clamping force for the accurate insertion of the pin.

[0020] The intelligent control module includes a sensing unit 31, an execution unit 32, a control unit 33, and a storage unit 34. The sensing unit 31 includes a pressure sensor 311 and an alignment sensor 312. The pressure sensor 311 is embedded in the sidewall of the steel back rib unit 2 facing the concrete, used to collect the lateral pressure of the concrete acting on the formwork in real time. The alignment sensor 312 is mounted on the mechanical locking mechanism 24, used to detect the alignment error of adjacent steel back rib unit interfaces. The execution unit 32 includes a drive circuit for the electromagnetic coil 23 and a drive circuit for the micro motor. The control unit 33 is embedded... The microprocessor is wirelessly connected to the sensing unit 31 and the execution unit 32. The storage unit 34 stores the control program, which has preset control modes based on the construction stage, including but not limited to installation mode, pouring mode, solidification mode and demolding mode. Each control mode program defines the default current value output to the electromagnetic coil 23, the drive command of the mechanical locking mechanism 24, and the response logic to the feedback signal of the pressure sensor 311. The operator can select the control mode through the human-machine interface, or authorize the intelligent control module to automatically trigger the switching of the control mode according to the data of the pressure sensor 311.

[0021] In specific implementation, the steel back rib formwork module is divided into standard straight-line unit 26 and right-angle unit 27 according to its function and shape. The standard straight-line unit 26 is applied to the straight section of the concrete surface, and its steel back rib unit 2 is a straight profile, forming the main load-bearing frame. The right-angle unit 27 is applied to the external or internal corner of the concrete surface, and its steel back rib unit 2 is bent at a right angle, thereby achieving a tight and rigid connection at the corner. The standard straight-line unit 26 and the right-angle unit 27 are combined to form a complete and continuous formwork system.

[0022] In specific implementation, the intelligent control module has a preset control mode based on the construction stage, which specifically includes: Installation mode: Outputs a low electromagnetic force to assist in the rapid positioning and initial alignment between adjacent steel back ribs 21 and between steel back ribs 21 and reinforcing bars, providing centering guidance for subsequent mechanical locking; Pouring mode: When a high current is passed through the electromagnetic coil 23, a strong magnetic attraction force is generated. It works in conjunction with the mechanical locking mechanism 24 to resist the lateral pressure of the newly poured concrete, enhance the overall rigidity of the formwork and the sealing of the joints, and effectively suppress bulging and grout leakage. Solidification mode: After the concrete has initially set and the lateral pressure has dropped significantly, the current of the electromagnetic coil is automatically cut off. The steel back rib formwork module relies solely on the mechanical locking mechanism 24 to bear the structural load, thereby reducing energy consumption and avoiding electromagnetic interference. Demolding mode: Output a short-time reverse current. The intelligent control module sends an instantaneous, low-intensity reverse pulse current to the electromagnetic coil, thereby eliminating the residual magnetic attraction between the steel back rib and the steel bars or other metal embedded parts in the concrete. At the same time, by utilizing the instantaneous change of the electromagnetic field, the van der Waals force bonding and vacuum adsorption effect between the template and the concrete interface are weakened, thereby reducing the initial demolding resistance. The pressure sensor 311 monitors the lateral pressure of concrete on the formwork in real time; the intelligent control module presets a lateral pressure threshold, and when the lateral pressure is detected to be continuously lower than the threshold, it automatically switches the module from the pouring mode to the solidification mode and issues a prompt message.

[0023] The second aspect of this application discloses, as follows: Figure 4 The method for constructing an adjustable, modular steel-wood composite formwork with reinforcing ribs, as shown, is applied to such a formwork and includes the following steps: S1. Modular Assembly: Determine the assembly scheme based on the design dimensions of the concrete structure; set the total length of the required steel back rib formwork modules as follows: L t The standard length specification of the steel back rib formwork module is as follows: L i When combined, the following relationship is satisfied: (1) in, k i The number of steel back rib formwork modules of various specifications is optimized through integer programming to minimize the number of seams and material waste. In specific implementation, the total required length of the steel back rib formwork modules is set. L t The standard length specifications for steel back rib formwork modules are 12.5m. L 1 =0.5m L 2 =1.0m and L 3 =1.5m, and accordingly adopt k 1 =1、 k 2 =2 and k 3 =7, the total length after combination is 12.5m, and this configuration minimizes the number of seams to 10.

[0024] S2. Initial Fixing: After the steel back rib formwork modules are assembled on the ground, they are transported to the target construction location. The operator initiates the installation mode through the human-machine interface of the intelligent control module; at this time, the control unit outputs a preset current to the electromagnetic coil. I 1=0.5A, causing it to generate approximately F 1 =150N of adsorption force; under the action of this electromagnetic force, the steel back rib formwork module is quickly and stably adsorbed and temporarily fixed on the vertical main reinforcement of the concrete structure, realizing rapid positioning and temporary stability; at the same time, the adsorption force causes the interfaces of adjacent steel back rib formwork modules to come close together, assisting them to automatically perform preliminary alignment, laying the foundation for subsequent mechanical locking procedures, and significantly reducing the difficulty and risk of high-altitude adjustment operations.

[0025] S3. Mechanical Locking: With the assistance of the initial clamping force provided by the electromagnetic adsorption, the interfaces of adjacent steel back rib template modules are tightly fitted. At this time, the alignment sensor installed on the mechanical locking mechanism starts to work, detecting the two-dimensional planar error of the adjacent interfaces in real time. δ 1 The preset alignment error threshold within the intelligent control module is [ δ 1 =2mm, when an error is detected δ 1 When the thickness is ≤2mm, the control unit immediately sends a command to the execution unit, automatically triggering the micro motor. The micro motor drives the electric pin at the end of the steel back rib to precisely and quickly insert into the corresponding pin hole at the end of the adjacent module, completing a rigid mechanical interlock. The entire process requires no manual intervention, achieving a fast, accurate, and reliable connection, providing a stable structural guarantee for subsequent concrete pouring.

[0026] S4. Pressure Bearing During Pouring: After mechanical locking is completed, before starting concrete pouring, the operator switches the system to pouring mode via the intelligent control module. At this time, the control unit supplies a higher preset current to each electromagnetic coil. I 2 =3.0A, which gives it a strong adsorption force. F 2 The electromagnetic attraction force and the total locking force provided by the mechanical locking mechanism F g They work together to resist the maximum lateral pressure of the freshly poured concrete, satisfying the following relationship: (2) in, F g The locking force provided to the mechanical locking mechanism, in N; η 2 For safety margin, it is usually taken as 1.5 to 2.0; λ To account for the dynamic pressure coefficient of concrete vibration operation, it is usually taken as 1.2 to 1.5; ρ For the density of concrete, take ρ =2400kg / m 3 ; hFor template height, take h =3m; β Let be the electromagnetic force constant, and take... β =20N / A 2 .

[0027] S5. Intelligent Sensing and Mode Switching: After concrete pouring, it enters continuous monitoring mode. Embedded pressure sensors collect the lateral pressure of the concrete acting on the formwork in real time at a frequency of once per second. P Specifically, the preset lateral pressure threshold [ P ] = 10 kPa, when P The peak value during pouring decreased to below a preset threshold. P When the concrete is in solidification mode, the intelligent control module automatically triggers the mode switching logic, switching the system from pouring mode to solidification mode. In solidification mode, the control unit immediately cuts off the power supply to all electromagnetic coils, and the support of the formwork system is entirely provided by the mechanical locking mechanism. At the same time, the intelligent control module sends a "Switched to solidification mode" prompt signal to the operator's terminal equipment, informing them that the concrete has entered the steady hardening stage.

[0028] S6. High-efficiency demolding: When the concrete strength reaches the design demolding requirements, the operator activates the demolding mode; the intelligent control module first applies a momentary, low-intensity reverse pulse current to the electromagnetic coil. I 3 =0.8A, the instantaneous electromagnetic repulsion force generated by this pulse effectively eliminated the residual magnetic attraction between the steel back rib and the internal reinforcing steel in the concrete, and weakened the van der Waals forces and vacuum adsorption effects between the formwork and the concrete interface through high-frequency oscillation of the electromagnetic field. Subsequently, the control unit remotely drove all micro motors to synchronously retract the electric latches, releasing the mechanical locks. Finally, the fully released steel back rib formwork module was smoothly detached. The entire demolding process was easy and smooth, with the concrete edges intact and no residual adhesive on the formwork surface, achieving efficient and non-destructive demolding.

[0029] The above describes one or more embodiments of the present invention in a relatively specific and detailed manner, but it should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A reinforced, adjustable, modular steel-wood composite formwork, comprising a formwork, steel back rib units, and an intelligent control module; wherein, The template and the steel back rib unit together form a steel back rib template module. The template, which is the forming surface that directly contacts the concrete, is made of wood plywood or bamboo plywood that meets the building template standards, and is detachably installed on the outside of the steel back rib unit through mechanical connectors. The steel back rib unit constitutes the rigid support skeleton of the template, and is formed by longitudinally splicing multiple steel back ribs of standard length. The steel back rib is made of steel with an internal cavity, which integrates an electromagnetic coil, a power supply for the coil, and a mechanical locking mechanism. The electromagnetic coil is a tightly wound copper solenoid, embedded in a pre-fabricated insulating cavity at the end of the steel back rib, and connected to the power supply through a high-temperature resistant wire. It is used to control the magnitude and direction of the current flowing through the electromagnetic coil to control the attraction or repulsion force generated. The power supply is a rechargeable battery or capacitor. The mechanical locking mechanism includes an electric pin located at the end of the steel back rib and corresponding pin holes located at the ends of adjacent steel back ribs. The electric pin is driven by a micro motor. The attraction force generated by the electromagnetic coil can help the ends of adjacent steel back ribs fit tightly together, providing alignment assistance and initial clamping force for accurate insertion of the pin. The intelligent control module includes a sensing unit, an execution unit, a control unit, and a storage unit. The sensing unit includes a pressure sensor and an alignment sensor. The pressure sensor is embedded in the sidewall of the steel back rib unit facing the concrete, used to collect real-time lateral pressure exerted by the concrete on the formwork. The alignment sensor is mounted on the mechanical locking mechanism, used to detect alignment errors at the interfaces of adjacent steel back rib units. The execution unit includes a drive circuit for the electromagnetic coil and a drive circuit for the micro motor. The control unit uses an embedded microprocessor and communicates with the sensing unit and the execution unit wirelessly. The storage unit stores control programs with preset control modes based on construction stages. Each control mode program defines the default current value output to the electromagnetic coil, the drive command for the mechanical locking mechanism, and the response logic to the pressure sensor feedback signal. Operators can select the control mode through a human-machine interface or authorize the intelligent control module to automatically trigger the switching of control modes based on pressure sensor data.

2. The adjustable, modular steel-wood composite formwork with reinforcing ribs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The standard lengths of the steel back rib units include 0.5 meters, 1.0 meters, and 1.5 meters. By combining and splicing different quantities, the overall length of the steel back rib template module can be adjusted.

3. The adjustable, modular steel-wood composite formwork with reinforcing ribs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steel back rib formwork module is divided into standard straight-line units and right-angle units according to its function and shape. The standard straight-line unit is applied to the straight sections of the concrete surface, and its steel back rib unit is a straight profile. The right-angle unit is applied to the external or internal corners of the concrete surface, and its steel back rib unit is bent at a right angle. The standard straight-line unit and the right-angle unit are combined to form a complete and continuous formwork system.

4. The adjustable, modular steel-wood composite formwork with reinforcing ribs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control module has preset control modes based on the construction stage, including: Installation mode: Outputs low electromagnetic force to assist in rapid positioning and initial alignment between adjacent steel back ribs, and between steel back ribs and underlying concrete or reinforcing bars. Pouring mode: A high current is passed through the electromagnetic coil to generate a strong magnetic attraction force, which works in conjunction with the mechanical locking mechanism to resist the lateral pressure of the newly poured concrete. Setting mode: Automatically cuts off the current to the electromagnetic coil after the concrete has initially set and the lateral pressure has dropped significantly; Demolding mode: The intelligent control module supplies a momentary, low-intensity reverse pulse current to the electromagnetic coil to reduce the initial demolding resistance; The pressure sensor monitors the lateral pressure of the concrete on the formwork in real time; the intelligent control module presets a lateral pressure threshold, and when the lateral pressure is detected to be continuously lower than the threshold, it automatically switches the module from the pouring mode to the solidification mode and issues a prompt message.

5. A construction method for an adjustable, modular steel-wood composite formwork with reinforcing ribs, applicable to the adjustable, modular steel-wood composite formwork with reinforcing ribs as described in claims 1-4, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1. Modular Assembly: Determine the assembly scheme based on the design dimensions of the concrete structure; set the total length of the required steel back rib formwork modules as follows: L t The standard length specification of the steel back rib formwork module is as follows: L i When combined, the following relationship is satisfied: （1） in, k i The number of steel back rib template modules of each specification is optimized through integer programming to minimize the number of seams and material waste. S2. Initial Fixing: After the steel back rib formwork module is transported to the target construction location, the installation mode is activated; the intelligent control module outputs current to the electromagnetic coil. I 1 , generating adsorption force F 1 And enable the steel back rib formwork module to be temporarily attached and fixed to the steel reinforcement of the concrete structure; S3. Mechanical Locking: With the assistance of the initial clamping force provided by electromagnetic adsorption, the interfaces of adjacent steel back rib template modules are tightly fitted; the interface error of adjacent steel back rib template modules is detected by an alignment sensor. δ 1 ,when δ 1 Less than the set threshold[ δ 1 When the intelligent control module automatically triggers the micro motor, it drives the electric pin to insert into the pin hole at the end of the adjacent steel back rib template module to complete the rigid interlock. S4. Pressure bearing during pouring: Switch to the pouring mode before pouring concrete; at this time, the intelligent control module supplies a higher preset current to the electromagnetic coil. I 2 This causes it to have a large adsorption force. F 2 The adsorption force F 2 Total locking force provided by the mechanical locking mechanism F g Working together, satisfying the following relationship: （2） in, F g The locking force provided to the mechanical locking mechanism. η 2 For safety margin, it is usually taken as 1.5 to 2.0; λ To account for the dynamic pressure coefficient of concrete vibration operation, it is usually taken as 1.2 to 1.5; ρ The density of concrete; h This is the template height; β It is the electromagnetic force constant; S5. Intelligent Sensing and Mode Switching: After concrete pouring, pressure sensors continuously monitor lateral pressure. P Changes, when the side pressure is detected to be continuously decreasing and below a preset threshold [ P When the concrete is in the pouring mode, the intelligent control module automatically switches from the pouring mode to the solidification mode; at the same time, the intelligent control module issues a prompt signal to inform the operator of the concrete status. S6. High-efficiency demolding: When the concrete reaches the demolding strength, the demolding mode is activated; the intelligent control module first sends a momentary, low-intensity reverse pulse current to the electromagnetic coil to reduce the initial demolding resistance; then, the control unit remotely controls the micro motor to retract the electric pin, releasing the mechanical lock, thereby completing the demolding.

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