Supporting structure for suspended erection of raise boring machine and construction method of supporting structure

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of underground shaft construction, and particularly discloses a supporting structure of a raise boring machine erected in a suspended mode and a construction method of the supporting structure. The two longitudinal main steel beams are vertically erected at the top of the transverse supporting I-shaped steel group and are used for directly supporting the raise boring machine; the main steel beam is connected with the raise boring machine through bolts; the two ends of the connecting beam are connected to the two longitudinal main steel beams respectively. A supporting structure for the raise boring machine is formed by the multiple transverse supporting I-shaped steel sets and the two longitudinal main steel beams, an existing raise boring machine can be supported in strength, and the device can be rapidly disassembled after shaft excavation is completed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground shaft construction technology, specifically to a support structure for suspended raising drill rigs and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] In the excavation of deep, large-diameter vertical shafts in water conservancy and hydropower projects (such as water intake shafts, surge tanks, and ventilation shafts in pumped storage power stations, with diameters often ≥ 4.5 meters), raise boring machines have become the mainstream method due to their safety, efficiency, and high-quality well completion. The core process is "pilot hole first, then reaming," meaning that the shaft is first drilled from top to bottom using a φ350mm small-diameter pilot drill rod, and then reaming is achieved from bottom to top using a reaming drill bit to expand the shaft to the designed diameter. During construction, a stable raise boring machine (including power head and drive unit) needs to be erected directly above the wellhead to withstand the weight of the drill rod and drill bit, axial thrust, vibration loads, and lateral forces, and to transmit the enormous drilling torque. Therefore, the stability, reliability, and high load-bearing capacity of the main support foundation are crucial. Since the raise boring machine needs to be dismantled after erection and drilling, it is inconvenient to invest too much in its construction as a temporary structure.

[0003] Currently, traditional support and construction methods face significant challenges when carrying out raise boring operations in confined spaces: 1. Large-area cast-in-place concrete foundations require a large amount of steel bars and concrete. The formwork support, pouring and curing cycle is long, which prolongs the construction preparation time and is costly. In addition, as a temporary structure, it will also cause material waste. It has high requirements for wellhead topography and geological conditions. It is difficult to implement when the geological bearing capacity is insufficient. It mainly relies on the friction between the foundation and the main unit base or the shear resistance of the anchor bolts to resist large torques. Under high torque conditions such as deep well and hard rock drilling, there is a risk of slippage or bolt shear failure.

[0004] 2. Simple steel support brackets are mostly made of welded or bolted I-beams and H-beams. They lack rigidity and load-bearing capacity, making it difficult to withstand the huge loads (especially torque and overturning moment) of the raise boring machine used in large-diameter deep vertical shafts. Simple steel support brackets are prone to deformation and excessive vibration, which affects drilling accuracy and equipment safety. They have weak torsional resistance and lack effective torsional resistance structures. They cannot reliably transmit large torques when connected to the main unit base, causing the main unit to shake or even deflect. When subjected to axial force and vibration loads, their overall stability (anti-overturning and anti-instability) is poor. They are simply placed or anchored to the wellhead ring beam and the ground, without fully utilizing the load-bearing capacity of the cast-in-place ring beam and foundation surface to form a stable overall force-bearing system.

[0005] 3. Thirdly, the layout of drill pipe storage and mud circulation system (such as circulation pool and trench) in confined space is difficult, which can easily lead to chaotic site layout and large cross-interference of operations, seriously affecting construction efficiency and safety. The space for personnel to operate is small and the precise positioning of equipment is difficult. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a support structure for suspended raising borehole rigs and its construction method, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A support structure for a suspended raise boring machine includes: multiple transverse support I-beams arranged parallel to each other on the foundation surface of the shaft opening; two longitudinal main steel beams erected vertically on top of the transverse support I-beams for directly supporting the raise boring machine; the longitudinal main steel beams are bolted to the raise boring machine; and a connecting beam whose two ends are respectively connected to the two longitudinal main steel beams.

[0008] Furthermore, one of the transverse support I-beam groups consists of two I-beams arranged side by side, connected by welding or bolting through a connecting plate.

[0009] A construction method for suspending a raise boring machine includes the following steps: Step S1: Excavate and treat the foundation surface of the wellhead section. The wellhead section of the vertical shaft is excavated using the orthogonal shaft method. Concrete lining and foundation surface are poured outside the wellhead section, and steel casing is pre-embedded. Step S2: Install the steel support structure, including: Step S2.1: Install multiple transverse support I-beam assemblies, which are arranged parallel and at equal intervals above the wellhead section; Step S2.2: Hoist and fix the two longitudinal main steel beams to the transverse support I-beam assembly, adjust the spacing between the two longitudinal main steel beams, and ensure that the two longitudinal main steel beams are parallel; ensure that the orientation of the longitudinal main steel beams and the transverse support I-beam assembly is perpendicular; Step S2.3: Install the connecting beam by welding or bolting it between the two longitudinal main steel beams to enhance stability; Step S2.4: Hoist the raise boring machine onto the longitudinal main steel beam and connect the base of the raise boring machine to the longitudinal main steel beam using high-strength bolts; Step S3: Conduct pilot hole drilling and reaming drilling.

[0010] Furthermore, in step S1, the upper end of the steel casing is 300mm away from the foundation surface and is supported and fixed to the shaft wall by steel bars or angle steel.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S2.1, the flatness error of the positions where multiple transverse support I-beam groups are placed on the base surface is controlled within ±3mm / m.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S2.2, the specific fixing method for hoisting and fixing the two longitudinal main steel beams to the transverse support I-beam assembly is: welding or high-strength bolt connection.

[0013] Step S3 also includes installing the hydraulic power station, connecting the hydraulic pipeline and the electrical system, and performing no-load testing; the hydraulic power station is installed on the transverse support I-beam assembly.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: This invention utilizes multiple transverse support I-beams and two longitudinal main steel beams to form a support structure for the raise boring machine. In terms of strength, it can support existing raise boring machines and can be quickly disassembled after the shaft excavation is completed. In confined spaces, a folding boom crane is used for hoisting operations, which can flexibly adapt to narrow working environments. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the plan layout for a raised drilling rig suspended in the air.

[0016] Figure 2 Detailed construction layout for the suspended erection of a raise boring machine.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the longitudinal main steel beam and connecting beams.

[0018] The labels in the diagram are as follows: 1-Drill pipe storage area, 2-Sewage circulation pool, 3-Drainage ditch, 4-Operating platform, 5-Drilling center, 6-Drill pipe spare area, 7-Longitudinal main steel beam, 8-Foundation surface, 9-Shaft, 10-Raised well drilling rig, 11-Hydraulic power station, 12-Horizontal support I-beam assembly, 13-Connecting beam. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, so as to provide a better understanding of the concept of the present invention, the technical problem solved, the technical features constituting the technical solution, and the technical effects brought about.

[0020] like Figures 1-3 As shown, a support structure for a suspended raise boring machine includes: multiple transverse support I-beam groups 12, arranged in parallel on the foundation surface 8 of the shaft 9; two longitudinal main steel beams 7, vertically mounted on top of the transverse support I-beam groups 12, for directly supporting the raise boring machine 10; the longitudinal main steel beams 7 are bolted to the raise boring machine 10; and a connecting beam 13, with both ends of the connecting beam 13 connected to the two longitudinal main steel beams 7 respectively.

[0021] Furthermore, one of the transverse support I-beam groups 12 consists of two I-beams arranged side by side, connected by welding or bolting through connecting plates.

[0022] A construction method for suspending a raise boring machine includes the following steps: Step S1: Excavate the wellhead section area and treat the foundation surface 8. Use the orthogonal shaft method to excavate the wellhead section of the vertical shaft 9. Pour concrete lining and foundation surface 8 outside the wellhead section and pre-embed steel casing. Step S2: Install the support structure, including: Step S2.1: Install multiple transverse support I-beam groups 12, which are arranged parallel and at equal intervals above the wellhead section; Step S2.2: Hoist and fix the two longitudinal main steel beams 7 to the transverse support I-beam group 12, adjust the spacing between the two main steel beams, and ensure that the two longitudinal main steel beams 7 are parallel; ensure that the orientation of the longitudinal main steel beams 7 and the transverse support I-beam group 12 is perpendicular. Step S2.3: Install the connecting beam 13 by welding or bolting it between the two longitudinal main steel beams 7 to enhance stability; Step S2.4: Hoist the raise boring machine 10 onto the two longitudinal main steel beams 7, and connect the base of the raise boring machine 10 to the two longitudinal main steel beams 7 with high-strength bolts; Step S3: Conduct pilot hole drilling and reaming drilling.

[0023] Furthermore, in step S1, the upper end of the steel casing is 8300mm away from the foundation surface and is supported and fixed to the well wall of the vertical shaft 9 by steel bars or angle steel.

[0024] Furthermore, in step S2.1, the flatness error of the positions on the base surface 8 where multiple transverse support I-beam groups 12 are placed is controlled within ±3mm / m.

[0025] Furthermore, in step S2.2, the specific fixing method for hoisting and fixing the two longitudinal main steel beams 7 to the transverse support I-beam group 12 is: welding or high-strength bolt connection.

[0026] Under the condition that the wellhead structure (locking ring beam and foundation surface) has been formed by the straight shaft method excavation, the support structure of this invention can actively, reliably, and efficiently transmit and resist the large torque of the main machine, which is superior to the traditional method that relies on friction or simple anchoring. Furthermore, traditional methods require sufficient rigidity and strength to stably bear the gravity load of the main machine and drill pipe, axial thrust, drilling vibration, and lateral forces, ensuring the smooth operation and drilling accuracy of the raise boring machine. Simultaneously, it must form a strong connection and an integrated force-bearing system with the already cast locking ring beam and foundation surface at the wellhead, maximizing the use of the existing structural bearing capacity, avoiding large-volume concrete foundations, and enabling rapid installation and dismantling to shorten the construction period. It must also ensure the overall stability and anti-overturning capacity of the support structure under complex working conditions, ensuring the safety of construction personnel and equipment. Moreover, the design is reasonable to improve material utilization, facilitate manufacturing, transportation, installation, and dismantling, and combine economic efficiency with potential reusability. It also addresses multiple pain points caused by limited space, such as hoisting, layout, stability, and efficiency. Therefore, it meets the needs of modern water conservancy and hydropower projects for efficient, safe, and economical construction of large-diameter vertical shafts.

[0027] In specific implementation, Step S1: The "direct shaft method" is used to excavate the entire cross-section from top to bottom. The wellhead section is excavated 3m down with a diameter of 4.5m. The wellhead section area is blasted, and anchor bolts, initial support, steel reinforcement installation, formwork installation, and concrete pouring are carried out. A steel casing is pre-embedded in the center 5 of the borehole. The upper end of the steel casing is required to be 300mm away from the foundation surface 8. The steel casing is supported by steel bars to ensure a firm support.

[0028] Step S2.1: First, carefully clean the foundation surface 8 to ensure it is free of loose soil, standing water, and oil stains. Then, use a level to measure the flatness of the foundation surface 8. If the foundation surface 8 is uneven, small areas of unevenness can be locally leveled using thin steel plates, while larger areas of unevenness require chiseling or grouting. Ensure that the flatness of the location where the transverse support I-beam assembly 12 is placed meets the requirements, for example, the horizontal error should be controlled within ±3mm / m. Regarding the layout, rationally plan the locations of the drill pipe storage area 1, the drill pipe spare area 6, the wastewater circulation tank 2, and the path of the drainage ditch 3 to ensure a smooth construction process and efficient use of the working space. The wastewater circulation tank 2 is located nearby to facilitate drilling fluid circulation and soil sedimentation.

[0029] Step S2.2: First, on a flat ground or operating platform, place two I-beams side by side at the spacing required by the drawings to form the first transverse support I-beam group 12; then weld connecting plates or use bolts to connect the I-beams to firmly connect them into an integral rigid unit. This step is crucial to ensure that the two I-beams form an integral whole and share the load.

[0030] Using a folding boom crane or other lifting equipment, slowly lower the assembled first transverse support I-beam assembly 12, aligning it with the pre-laid-out outline and center line on the foundation surface 8. Then, use a pry bar to fine-tune its position, ensuring that the center line of the transverse support I-beam assembly 12 coincides with the layout line. At the same time, use a level or laser level to measure the levelness of the top surface of the transverse support I-beam assembly 12. Adjust the level by inserting steel plates of different thicknesses at the ends or bottom of the transverse support I-beam assembly 12 until the design level accuracy (±3mm / m) is achieved, ensuring that the entire support surface of the transverse support I-beam assembly 12 is flat. Finally, fix it with wedges or temporary supports by spot welding to prevent displacement.

[0031] Use a steel tape measure to precisely measure the spacing at multiple points, including both ends and the middle, of the horizontal support I-beam group 12 to ensure that the two I-beams in the horizontal support I-beam group 12 are parallel and have consistent spacing. Then, use a level to check the levelness of the top surface of the second horizontal support I-beam group 12 and adjust it to be at the same elevation as the first horizontal support I-beam group 12 and level, ensuring that the horizontal support I-beam groups 12 are on the same horizontal plane. Finally, initially fix the second horizontal support I-beam group 12, and then install the subsequent horizontal support I-beam groups 12 in sequence.

[0032] After confirming that the centerline, spacing, levelness, and elevation of the transverse support I-beam assembly 12 are correct, final fixing is carried out. Bolt fixing is used; anchor bolts are pre-embedded during foundation construction. After aligning the holes on the base plate of the support I-beams with the bolts, they are inserted, tightened with washers and nuts, and then secured with a torque wrench according to design requirements. The key is to ensure that the transverse support I-beam assembly 12 is stable itself and that its relative positions (spacing and parallelism) are absolutely accurate.

[0033] Step S2.3: First, use a folding boom crane to lift the first longitudinal main steel beam 7 and place it stably on the designed position on the top surface of the transverse support I-beam group 12, ensuring that the longitudinal centerline of the first longitudinal main steel beam 7 coincides with the layout line; adjust the position of the first longitudinal main steel beam 7 so that the cantilever lengths at both ends of the first longitudinal main steel beam 7 are symmetrical, and verify by using a right-angle ruler or measuring the diagonal to ensure that the first longitudinal main steel beam 7 is perpendicular to the transverse support I-beam group 12; use temporary clamps to initially fix the first longitudinal main steel beam 7 at the contact point between the first longitudinal main steel beam 7 and the transverse support I-beam group 12 to prevent overturning or sliding.

[0034] The first longitudinal main steel beam 7 is placed on one side of the transverse support I-beam group 12. Then, the second longitudinal main steel beam 7 is hoisted into place and placed at the designed position on the other side. Next, the distance between the two longitudinal main steel beams 7 at multiple points at both ends and in the middle of the span is accurately measured to ensure that they meet the design requirements and are parallel to each other. This is the basis for the installation of the connecting beam 13. The position of the longitudinal main steel beams 7 can be finely adjusted with the help of jacks or crowbars to ensure that the distance and parallelism meet the standards.

[0035] Next, use a level to check the elevation and levelness of the top surfaces of the two longitudinal main steel beams 7 to ensure that the top surfaces of the two longitudinal main steel beams 7 are at the same design elevation and level. This is the basis for the installation of the raise boring machine 10. If necessary, thin steel plates can be added between the two longitudinal main steel beams 7 and the lower transverse support I-beam group 12 for adjustment. Finally, make the final connection between the two longitudinal main steel beams 7 and the lower transverse support I-beam group 12. Weld a perforated connecting plate on the top surface of the transverse support I-beam group 12. After the two longitudinal main steel beams 7 are in place, connect and tighten them with high-strength bolts, and tighten them with a torque wrench according to the design requirements.

[0036] Step S2.4: First, mark the installation position lines of the connecting beam 13 on the two longitudinal main steel beams 7 according to the drawings. Then, place the connecting beam 13 at the designed position between the two longitudinal main steel beams 7 by hoisting or manual handling. Finally, fix the connecting beam 13 to the two longitudinal main steel beams 7 with bolts using connecting plates. The main function of the connecting beam 13 is to ensure the overall stability of the two longitudinal main steel beams 7, prevent lateral displacement or torsion, and enhance the rigidity and stability of the entire support frame.

[0037] Step S3: First, use measuring instruments to comprehensively remeasure the levelness and elevation of all supporting structures (lateral support I-beam group 12, longitudinal main steel beam 7, connecting beam 13), the spacing and parallelism of the main beams, the spacing and parallelism of the lateral supports, and the overall dimensions (diagonal) of the structure; then check the quality of all welds, checking whether the welds are full, whether there are slag inclusions, undercuts, cracks, etc., and perform non-destructive testing if necessary. At the same time, check whether the bolts are tightened as required and whether any are missing.

[0038] The tracked raise boring machine 10 travels autonomously along a pre-planned safe path onto the installed and inspected support structure. During travel, a designated person must direct the operation to ensure the track center is aligned with the main beam, ensuring even force distribution and avoiding impacts. The rig is precisely moved to the designed borehole center 5 position. Precise positioning is achieved using the rig's own fine-tuning device or jacks, ensuring the rig's rotation center is strictly aligned with the wellhead design center. After accurate positioning, high-strength bolts are used to firmly fix the rig base to the two longitudinal main steel beams 7 below. All bolts are tightened to the specified torque to ensure the rig and support structure form a rigid whole.

[0039] Use a folding boom crane to lift the hydraulic power station 11 (including the oil tank, hydraulic pump, motor / diesel engine, valve assembly, etc.) to the supporting structure. Place it stably and take necessary anti-slip measures. Connect the high-pressure hoses and return hoses between the power station and the drilling rig main unit (propulsion cylinder, motor, gripper, etc.) according to the markings. Ensure the connections are secure, free from twisting, the joints are clean, and the correct phase sequence seals are used. After connection, conduct a preliminary check for leaks.

[0040] Lay the main power cable from the distribution cabinet to the drilling rig control cabinet and the hydraulic power station 11 motor. The cable must be properly secured and protected to prevent crushing and wear. A professional electrician should connect the cables according to the electrical drawings, connecting the drilling rig control cabinet, control panel 4, hydraulic power station 11 motor, sensors, lighting, etc. Ensure correct phase sequence and reliable grounding. After wiring, perform insulation testing and continuity checks. Connect the piping or power supply to the hydraulic oil cooler. Check and add grease or lubricating oil to all lubrication points on the drilling rig (such as spindle bearings, chains, etc.). Hoist the drilling rod, stabilizing rod, and pilot drill bit (or reaming drill bit) to an easily accessible location near the drilling rig. Connect the mud pump, piping, and mud tank / circulation system.

[0041] Without installing the drill string, start the hydraulic power station 11 and the electrical control system. Operate each action in sequence (push, lift, rotate, clamp release / tighten, etc.) to check whether the action is normal, smooth, and without abnormal noise, whether the pressure display is within a reasonable range, whether the signals of each sensor are accurate, and eliminate any leaks.

[0042] The terms "connection" and "fixing" appearing in the description of this invention can refer to fixed connection, processing and forming, welding, or mechanical connection. The specific meaning of the above terms in this invention should be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0043] In the description of this invention, the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., are used only to indicate the orientation or positional relationship for the convenience of describing this invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply a specific orientation that the device or element referred to must have, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0044] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A support structure for a suspended raised drilling rig, characterized in that, include: Multiple transverse support I-beam groups (12) are arranged in parallel on the foundation surface (8) of the shaft (9); Two longitudinal main steel beams (7) are vertically mounted on the top of the transverse support I-beam group (12) to directly support the raise boring machine (10). The longitudinal main steel beam (7) is connected to the riser drill rig (10) by bolts; The connecting beam (13) is connected to two longitudinal main steel beams (7) at both ends.

2. The support structure for a suspended raised drilling rig according to claim 1, characterized in that: One of the transverse support I-beam groups (12) consists of two I-beams arranged side by side, connected by welding or bolting through connecting plates.

3. A construction method for suspending and erecting a raise boring machine, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Excavate the wellhead section area and treat the foundation surface (8). Use the orthogonal shaft method to excavate the wellhead section of the vertical shaft (9). Pour concrete lining and foundation surface (8) outside the wellhead section and pre-embed steel casing. Step S2: Install the support structure as described in claim 1 or 2, including: Step S2.1: Install multiple transverse support I-beam groups (12), which are arranged in parallel and at equal intervals above the wellhead section; Step S2.2: Hoist and fix the two longitudinal main steel beams (7) onto the transverse support I-beam group (12), adjust the spacing between the two longitudinal main steel beams (7), and ensure that the two longitudinal main steel beams (7) are parallel; ensure that the orientation of the longitudinal main steel beams (7) and the transverse support I-beam group (12) is perpendicular; Step S2.3: Install the connecting beam (13), and weld or bolt the connecting beam (13) between the two longitudinal main steel beams (7) to enhance stability; Step S2.4: Hoist the raise boring machine (10) onto the longitudinal main steel beam (7) and connect the base of the raise boring machine (10) to the longitudinal main steel beam (7) with high-strength bolts; Step S3: Conduct pilot hole drilling and reaming drilling.

4. The construction method for a suspended raised drilling rig according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S1, the upper end of the steel casing is 300mm away from the foundation surface (8) and is supported and fixed to the well wall of the vertical shaft (9) by steel bars or angle steel.

5. The construction method for a suspended raised drilling rig according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S2.1, the flatness error of the position where multiple transverse support I-beam groups (12) are placed on the base surface (8) is controlled within ±3mm / m.

6. The construction method for a suspended raised drilling rig according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S2.2, the specific fixing method for hoisting and fixing the two longitudinal main steel beams (7) to the transverse support I-beam group (12) is: welding or high-strength bolt connection.

7. The construction method for a suspended raised drilling rig according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step S3 also includes installing a hydraulic power station (11), connecting hydraulic pipelines and electrical systems, and performing no-load testing; the hydraulic power station (11) is installed on the transverse support I-beam assembly (12).

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