Amomum villosum cultivation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a villous amomum fruit cultivation method which comprises the following steps: step 1, selecting a sandy loam land parcel which is under a sparse forest, good in drainage and fertile and loose in soil as a nursery land, and pretreating the soil; step 2, treating the seeds; step 3, sowing the seeds; step 4, performing seed propagation and field planting; and step 5, harvesting. Step 6, processing the harvested products; and step 7, storing the processed product in a packaging box. According to the villous amomum fruit cultivation method, the survival rate of seedlings is increased, the emergence rate of the villous amomum fruit seedlings is increased by precisely controlling land selection conditions and a seed treatment method in combination with scientific sowing and field planting technologies, and the transplanting survival rate is remarkably increased. Systematic field management measures and a targeted pest control method are adopted, so that the incidence rate of diseases and pests such as root rot is effectively reduced, the use amount of pesticides is reduced, and the pest and disease resistance of fructus amomi is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a cultivation method of Amomum villosum. BACKGROUND

[0002] As an important medicinal plant of Zingiberaceae, Amomum villosum has high medicinal and economic value. However, there are problems such as unstable yield, poor pest control effect, and low survival rate of seedlings in the existing cultivation technology of Amomum villosum. For example, the traditional cultivation method cannot accurately control the growth environment, which leads to the fact that Amomum villosum is easily affected by external environmental factors during the growth process, thereby affecting its quality and yield. At the same time, the technical means for seed treatment and field management are relatively extensive, which is difficult to meet the needs of large-scale and standardized planting of Amomum villosum. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a cultivation method that can improve the yield and quality of Amomum villosum. SUMMARY

[0003] (I) Technical problems solved

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present application provides a cultivation method of Amomum villosum.

[0005] (II) Technical solutions

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions: a cultivation method of Amomum villosum, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1, selecting a sandy soil plot with good drainage, fertile and loose soil under sparse forest as a nursery, and pretreating the soil;

[0008] Step 2, treating the seeds;

[0009] Step 3, sowing;

[0010] Step 4, seed propagation and planting;

[0011] Step 5, harvesting;

[0012] Step 6, processing the harvested products;

[0013] Step 7, packaging and storing the processed products.

[0014] Preferably, the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:

[0015] The soil humidity is controlled at 40-60%, the soil is plowed before sowing, raked and leveled, and 2000-2500 kg of mature farmyard manure is applied per mu as base fertilizer, and the soil is leveled in strips or blocks and the drainage ditch is dug.

[0016] Preferably, the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:

[0017] In the middle and late November, when the seeds change from green to red, select the healthy plants as seed mother plants, cut the inflorescences, take off the red ball fruits, soak them in water, rub and wash to remove the red peel and white seed coat, and drain the surface water of the seeds in a cool place with a sieve.

[0018] Preferably, the step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:

[0019] In February every year, level the ground, spread lime and compact, spread the seed of Amomum villosum, cover with sieved pine loess 3 cm, pull up the shading net, germinate in April, spray water and fertilizer once when the seedlings grow 2 leaves and 1 core in May, spray water and fertilizer once again when the seedlings grow 3 leaves and 1 core in June, and spray compound fertilizer 20 kg per mu in August in rainy days, and wait for transplanting next year.

[0020] Preferably, the step 4 specifically comprises the following steps:

[0021] Seed propagation and planting is to spread seeds in February every year, germinate after 30 days, the germination rate is greater than 90% and the germination is uniform, and transplant to the sparse forest with scattered light after the seedlings grow 3 leaves about 30 cm after 10 months, the plant spacing is 100 cm x 100 cm, cover the soil after planting, and pour enough water for root fixation. The division propagation and planting is to cut the old leaves after dividing 2-3 buds of the old seedlings, leave 20-30 cm, dig a hole 30 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm, fill with soil, leave the stem to grow out of the soil 10 cm, the plant spacing is 100 cm x 100 cm, cover the soil after planting, and pour enough water for root fixation.

[0022] Preferably, the step 5 specifically comprises the following steps:

[0023] In February-March next year, when the seedlings grow 3 leaves about 30 cm, transplant and plant. Select the sparse forest with scattered light, plant according to the plant spacing 100 cm x 100 cm, cover the soil after planting, and pour enough water for root fixation. Check the survival rate of the seedlings about 15 days after planting, and the survival rate is more than 95%.

[0024] Preferably, field management is also needed in the process of the above steps 1-5, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0025] Cultivation and weeding is carried out once in the seedling stage combined with soil cultivation, and is changed to manual weeding after stem formation. Water is poured in time when drought occurs, and drainage ditches are cleaned regularly combined with soil cultivation. A shading net is arranged above the seedlings, and the light transmittance of the shading net is 60%, and no shading net is arranged above the ditch between the ridges. After transplanting and survival, matured bean cake fertilizer is applied once a month, 100 kg per mu each time, 200 kg of matured bean cake fertilizer is applied as topdressing per mu in September, and the fertilizer is applied once again in April of the next year, 150 kg per mu. After the end of topdressing, grass is cut and laid on the ground before 'great heat', and the thickness of the laid grass is 5 cm. In order to promote root growth, 'tubers' are removed in time,'stems' are cut, and the 'tubers' are cut from'summer solstice' before budding and flowering, and the cutting is carried out once every 6 days, and the cutting is carried out 3 times, and the cutting is carried out once each time, and the cutting edge is flat. 'Shengzong' before and after,'shanjingling' 600 times liquid is sprayed twice, 50 kg per mu each time, and the interval is 7 days.

[0026] Preferably, disease and pest control is further needed in the process of steps 3-5, if the initial symptoms of root rot disease are found, 50% tobramycin 0.08% solution is sprayed continuously for 2 times with an interval of 7 days, and infected seedlings are removed in time.

[0027] Preferably, the step 6 specifically comprises the following steps: after harvesting, the peel is removed, the kernel is dried, the drying temperature is controlled at 60 DEG C, and the drying time is 24 hours.

[0028] Preferably, the step 7 specifically comprises the following steps: after drying, the kernel is packaged with a sealed, moisture-proof and waterproof polypropylene woven bag, and the bag is marked with information such as product name, origin, specification and the like. The packaged kernel is stored in a clean, cool, dry and ventilated warehouse, the temperature in the warehouse is controlled below 20 DEG C, the humidity is controlled below 60%, and attention is paid to moisture-proof, waterproof, insect-proof and rat-proof, and the kernel is checked once every 15 days during storage.

[0029] (Three) beneficial effects

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the application provides a cultivation method of amomum villosum, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] The cultivation method of amomum villosum improves the survival rate of seedlings: by accurately controlling the site selection conditions and seed treatment method, combined with scientific seeding and planting techniques, the seedling emergence rate of amomum villosum is improved, and the survival rate of transplanting is significantly improved.

[0032] The disease and pest resistance is enhanced: the systematic field management measures and the targeted disease and pest control method effectively reduce the occurrence rate of root rot and other diseases and pests, reduce the amount of pesticide used, and improve the disease and pest resistance of amomum villosum.

[0033] Improving yield and quality: appropriate growth environment regulation, reasonable fertilization and field management promote the growth and development of buxbaumia australis, and the quality is also significantly improved.

[0034] Facilitating large-scale planting: the cultivation method is easy to master and implement, and is suitable for large-scale and standardized planting of buxbaumia australis. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0036] Example 1: Large-scale cultivation of buxbaumia australis

[0037] 1. Site selection and land preparation

[0038] A plot of land with good drainage, fertile and loose sandy soil under sparse forest is selected as the nursery, and the soil humidity is detected to be about 50%, which meets the growth requirements of buxbaumia australis. One month before sowing, the soil is ploughed to a depth of 25 cm, and after raking and leveling, it is made into a ridge. When land preparation, 2200 kg of mature farmyard manure is applied as base fertilizer per mu, and the land is prepared in a strip manner, and a drainage ditch is dug with a depth of 30 cm and a width of 20 cm to ensure smooth drainage and irrigation.

[0039] 2. Seed treatment

[0040] In late November, when the seeds of buxbaumia australis change from green to red, select healthy and disease-free plants as seed mother plants, cut the inflorescences, remove the red fruits, and then wash and remove the red fruit skin and white seed coat. Then place the seeds in a cool and ventilated place, and drain the surface water of the seeds with a sieve.

[0041] 3. Sowing

[0042] In February every year, first level the sowing land, spread a layer of grass ash with a thickness of 1 cm and compact it, then evenly sow the sandalwood seeds, the sowing amount is 10 kg per mu, after sowing, cover with sieved loose yellow soil with a thickness of 3 cm, and finally pull up the shading net, the light transmittance of the shading net is 50%.

[0043] 4. Seedling stage management

[0044] After the seedlings emerge in April, the seedling management is strengthened. When the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 core in May, 500 kg of water and fertilizer (water and fertilizer are made of decomposed human excrement and urine diluted 10 times) per mu is sprayed; when the seedlings grow to 3 leaves and 1 core in June, 500 kg of water and fertilizer per mu is sprayed again. In August, 20 kg of compound fertilizer per mu is applied on a rainy day.

[0045] 5. Planting

[0046] The next year, from February to March, when the seedlings grow to 3 leaves about 30 cm long, transplanting is carried out. Choose a piece of land under a sparse forest with scattered light, plant according to the spacing of 100 cm x 100 cm, cover the soil after planting and compact, and pour enough water to fix the roots. About 15 days after planting, check the survival rate of seedlings, and the survival rate should be more than 95%.

[0047] 6. Field management

[0048] Cultivation and weeding is done once during the seedling stage combined with hilling. After the stems form, manual weeding is used. Water in a timely manner to resist drought, and clean the drainage ditches regularly combined with hilling. A shading net is installed above the seedlings, with a light transmission rate of 60%, and no shading net is installed above the ditch between the rows. After transplanting and survival, apply decomposed bean cake fertilizer once a month, 100 kg per mu each time, and apply a top dressing in September, 200 kg of decomposed bean cake fertilizer per mu, and apply fertilizer again in April of the next year, 150 kg of decomposed bean cake fertilizer per mu. After the end of top dressing, mow the grass and lay it on the ground before "great heat", with a thickness of 5 cm. To promote root growth, remove "tubers" and "stems" in time, and cut off the stems from "summer solstice" to flowering, cutting every 6 days for 3 times, cutting all at once each time, and the cut surface should be flat. Spray "shankengling" 600 times liquid twice before and after "grain in ear", 50 kg per mu each time, with an interval of 7 days.

[0049] 7. Disease and pest control

[0050] During growth, pay close attention to the growth status of the Amomum villosum seedlings. If the initial symptoms of root rot disease are found, spray 50% tobramycin 0.08% solution continuously for 2 times with an interval of 7 days, and remove infected seedlings in time.

[0051] 8. Harvesting

[0052] From November to December, when the Amomum villosum fruits are mature, harvesting is carried out, and the fruit sequence is carefully cut off to avoid damaging the plants.

[0053] 9. Processing, packaging and storage

[0054] After harvesting, the fruit peel is removed, and the seed kernel is dried at a temperature of 60°C for 24 hours. After drying, the seed kernel is packaged in a sealed, moisture-proof, and waterproof polypropylene woven bag, and the bag is marked with information such as product name, origin, and specifications. The packaged seed kernel is stored in a clean, cool, dry, and ventilated warehouse, with the temperature controlled below 20°C and the humidity controlled below 60%. Attention should be paid to moisture-proofing, waterproofing, insect-proofing, and rat-proofing, and the storage is checked every 15 days during the storage period.

[0055] Example 2: Cultivation of Amomum villosum by division propagation

[0056] 1. Preparation of division propagation material

[0057] The old Amomum villosum seedlings that are healthy and free of diseases and pests are selected as the division propagation material, and 2-3 buds are divided from the old seedlings, and the old leaves are cut off, and the length of the leaves is kept at 25 cm.

[0058] 2. Planting

[0059] The planting hole is dug, and the size of the hole is 30 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm, and the hole is filled with soil loosening, and the stem is left to grow out of the ground by 10 cm, and the plant spacing is 100 cm x 100 cm, and the soil is covered and compacted after planting, and enough water is poured to fix the roots.

[0060] 3. Other management measures

[0061] The other management measures (such as field management, disease and pest control, harvesting, processing, packaging, and storage) after division propagation planting are the same as those in Example 1.

[0062] Through the cultivation methods of Example 1 and Example 2, the yield and quality of Amomum villosum have been significantly improved.

[0063] In this document, the term "example" means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the example can be included in at least one example of the application. The term "example" appearing in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same example, and does not particularly limit the independence or association between other examples. In principle, in this application, each technical feature mentioned in each example can be combined in any way as long as there is no technical contradiction or conflict, to form a corresponding implementable technical solution.

[0064] Unless otherwise defined, the meaning of the technical terms used in this document is the same as that generally understood by those skilled in the art to which the application belongs; the use of related terms in this document is only for the purpose of describing specific examples, and is not intended to limit the application.

[0065] While embodiments of the application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that the embodiments described are merely exemplary of the principles and application of the present application. Numerous modifications and changes can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Amomum villosum, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Select a plot of sandy loam soil with good drainage, fertile soil, and loose soil under sparse forest as the nursery site, and pre-treat the soil. Step 2: Treat the seeds; Step 3: Sow the seeds; Step 4: Propagate and plant from seeds; Step 5: Harvest; Step 6: Process the harvested products; Step 7: Pack the processed product into boxes and store it.

2. The method for cultivating Amomum villosum according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 1 specifically includes the following steps: Soil moisture should be controlled at 40-60%. Before sowing, the soil should be tilled, harrowed and leveled, and ridges should be made. Apply 2000-2500 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure per acre as base fertilizer, and prepare the land in strips or blocks and dig drainage ditches.

3. The method for cultivating Amomum villosum according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step 2 specifically includes the following steps: In mid-to-late November, when the seeds turn from green to red, select healthy plants as seed-collecting mother plants, cut off the fruit clusters, pick the red cones, soak them in clean water, rub and wash to remove the red pericarp and white seed coat, and drain the surface moisture of the seeds in a cool place using a sieve.

4. The method for cultivating Amomum villosum according to claim 3, characterized in that: Step 3 specifically includes the following steps: Every February, level the ground, spread grass ash and compact it, sow cardamom seeds, cover with 3cm of sifted pine yellow soil, and put up a shade net. Seedlings will emerge in April. In May, when the seedlings have 2 leaves and 1 bud, spray water and fertilizer once. In June, when the seedlings have 3 leaves and 1 bud, spray water and fertilizer once more. In August, on rainy days, apply 20 catties / mu of compound fertilizer and wait to transplant the following year.

5. The method for cultivating Amomum villosum according to claim 4, characterized in that: Step 4 specifically includes the following steps: For seed propagation, sow seeds in February each year. Seedlings will emerge after 30 days, with an emergence rate of over 90% and uniform emergence. About 10 months after emergence, when the seedlings have grown 3 leaves of about 30cm, transplant them to sparse forests with diffused light, with a plant spacing of 100cm×100cm. After planting, cover with soil, compact, and water thoroughly. For division propagation, divide the old seedlings into 2-3 buds, cut off the old leaves, leaving 20cm-30cm, dig a 30cm×30cm×30cm hole, fill with loose soil, leaving the vascular bundle 10cm above the soil, with a plant spacing of 100cm×100cm. After planting, cover with soil, compact, and water thoroughly.

6. The method for cultivating Amomum villosum according to claim 5, characterized in that: Step 5 specifically includes the following steps: In February or March of the following year, when the seedlings have grown three leaves of about 30cm, they are transplanted. Choose a sparsely wooded area with diffused light, and plant them at a spacing of 100cm x 100cm. After planting, cover with soil, compact it, and water thoroughly. About 15 days after transplanting, check the seedling survival rate; it should be over 95%.

7. The method for cultivating Amomum villosum according to claim 6, characterized in that: Field management is also required during steps 1-5 above, specifically including the following steps: Weeding and cultivation should be done once during the seedling stage in conjunction with hilling. After stem formation, manual weeding should be used. Water promptly during droughts and regularly clean drainage ditches in conjunction with hilling. A shade net should be erected above the seedlings, with a light transmittance of 60%. No shade net should be erected above the furrows between rows. After transplanting and establishment, apply 100 kg of well-rotted soybean cake fertilizer per acre monthly. A top dressing of 200 kg of well-rotted soybean cake fertilizer per acre should be applied in September, followed by another top dressing of 150 kg of well-rotted soybean cake fertilizer per acre in April of the following year. After top dressing, mow and lay 5 cm of grass on the ground before the Great Heat (a solar term). To promote rhizome growth, remove suckers and prune off shoots promptly. From the Summer Solstice until flowering, prune the rhizomes every 6 days for 3 consecutive times, ensuring each cut is clean and clean. Before and after the "Grain in Ear" solar term, spray "Shanjiangling" at a 600-fold dilution twice, with 50 kg per mu each time, 7 days apart.

8. The method for cultivating Amomum villosum according to claim 7, characterized in that: During steps 3-5, pest and disease control is also required. If early symptoms of root rot are found, spray with a 0.08% solution of 50% thiophanate-methyl twice, with an interval of 7 days, and remove infected seedlings in time.

9. A method for cultivating Amomum villosum according to claim 8, characterized in that: Step 6 specifically includes the following steps: after harvesting, remove the pericarp, dry the kernels, control the drying temperature at 60℃, and dry for 24 hours.

10. A method for cultivating Amomum villosum according to claim 9, characterized in that: Step 7 specifically includes the following steps: After drying, package the seeds in sealed, moisture-proof, and waterproof polypropylene woven bags, labeling the bags with information such as product name, origin, and specifications. Store the packaged Amomum villosum seeds in a clean, cool, dry, and well-ventilated warehouse, controlling the temperature below 20℃ and the humidity below 60%. Take precautions against moisture, water, insects, and rodents, and check the storage area every 15 days during the storage period.