Special compound microorganism culture medium for blueberries as well as preparation method and application of special compound microorganism culture medium

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural biotechnology and culture substrates, in particular to a compound microorganism culture substrate special for blueberries and a preparation method and application of the compound microorganism culture substrate. The invention provides a special compound microorganism culture medium for blueberries. The special compound microorganism culture medium comprises the following components: a basic culture medium and a compound bacterium agent, the invention relates to a compound microbial inoculant, which is characterized in that the compound microbial inoculant is an azalea mycorrhizal fungi (Eryzophyllum commune), paenibacillus mucilaginosus (Paenibacillus mucilaginosus) and Trichoderma harzianum (Trichoderma harzianum). By organically combining excellent physicochemical properties of the substrate with specific beneficial microorganism functions, the synergistic effect of '1 + 1 + 1gt, 3' is realized, a set of complete solution is provided for green, high-quality and efficient cultivation of blueberries, and the method has important popularization and application values and wide market prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of agricultural biotechnology and cultivation substrate technology, and in particular to a blueberry-specific composite microbial cultivation substrate, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Blueberries are typical acid-loving, shallow-rooted plants with fibrous roots. Their root growth has extremely demanding requirements for soil aeration, water retention, pH, and microbial environment. Traditional ground-grown blueberries are often limited by problems such as high soil pH, compaction, and poor aeration, resulting in poor growth, low yield, and poor quality. Container cultivation is an effective way to solve these problems, and the cultivation substrate is the core. Currently, commercially available general-purpose substrates often have the following defects: 1) Unstable pH, unable to continuously provide a suitable acidic environment for blueberries; 2) Poor physical structure, prone to compaction, affecting root aeration; 3) Single or unbalanced nutrient composition, lacking the comprehensive nutrients required for blueberry growth; 4) Lack of specific beneficial microorganisms, making it difficult to form a healthy rhizosphere micro-ecosystem, resulting in a high incidence of disease.

[0003] The inventors also discovered that blueberry roots have an obligate symbiotic relationship with rhododendron mycorrhizal fungi (ERMs), which is crucial for blueberries to absorb nutrients from poor, acidic soil. However, in container cultivation, conventional substrates often focus only on the regulation of physical and chemical properties, neglecting the core biological process of microbial community building. Existing patented technologies (such as CN 118077548 A) provide blueberry substrates that, while offering an initial acidic environment, lack a stable beneficial microbial community. With irrigation and the passage of time, the substrate microenvironment is prone to imbalance, leading to the proliferation of harmful microorganisms, continuous cropping obstacles, and decreased nutrient utilization. Applying microbial fertilizers alone also carries risks such as poor substrate compatibility and low colonization success rates.

[0004] Therefore, integrating specific beneficial microorganisms during the substrate preparation stage to create an optimal rhizosphere environment tailored for blueberries from physical, chemical, and biological perspectives is key to breaking through the current bottlenecks in blueberry cultivation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a truly "bio-based" substrate that combines excellent physical and chemical properties with specific beneficial microbial functions to achieve a synergistic effect of "1+1+1>3". The physical properties of the substrate are mainly adjusted by peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite, providing an optimal water, air, and fertilizer environment for blueberry root growth; the chemical properties of the substrate are adjusted by peat moss, Ganoderma lucidum powder, and functional additives, creating a long-term stable nutritional and acidic environment for blueberries.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a blueberry-specific compound microbial cultivation substrate, comprising the following components: a basic cultivation substrate and a compound microbial agent; The compound microbial agent is azalea mycorrhizal fungi. (Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi) gelatinous spore-forming bacteria (Paenibacillus mucilaginosus) and Trichoderma harzianum (Trichoderma harzianum) .

[0007] Preferably, the effective viable count ratio of the rhododendron mycorrhizal fungi, gelatinous Bacillus and Trichoderma harzianum is 1:(2~3):(1~2).

[0008] The core of this invention lies in the addition of a compound microbial agent composed of azalea mycorrhizal fungi, gelatinous Bacillus, and Trichoderma harzianum. The synergistic mechanism of the three agents is as follows: 1) Rhododendron mycorrhizal fungi (ERM): form a symbiotic relationship with blueberry roots, greatly expanding the root system's absorption area, assisting the host in absorbing difficult-to-move nutrients such as phosphorus, zinc, and nitrogen, and improving drought resistance and heavy metal stress resistance. 2) Bacillus jellyiformis: a highly efficient potassium and phosphorus solubilizing bacterium that can convert ineffective potassium and phosphorus fixed in the soil into effective forms that can be absorbed by blueberries; at the same time, the extracellular polysaccharides it secretes can improve soil aggregate structure.

[0009] 3) Trichoderma harzianum: a biocontrol fungus that effectively inhibits blueberry root rot caused by Fusarium, Rhizoctonia solani, etc. through competition, hyperparasitism and antibiosis, while inducing systemic resistance in plants.

[0010] The above three microbial agents, when mixed in a certain proportion, constitute a complete functional system of "growth promotion (mycorrhizal fungi) + nutrient activation (Bacillus) + disease control (Trichoderma)," which perfectly complements the basic compound cultivation substrate.

[0011] Preferably, the amount of the compound microbial agent added is 0.5 × 10⁻⁶ per liter of basic cultivation substrate inoculation concentration. ~5×1 50-100 mL of bacterial suspension with CFU / mL.

[0012] Preferably, the basic cultivation substrate is composed of the following raw materials by volume percentage: 50%~60% peat moss, 10%~20% perlite, 10%~15% Ganoderma lucidum powder by-products, 5%~10% vermiculite, and 3%~5% functional additives.

[0013] Preferably, the functional additive is sulfur powder, ferrous sulfate, and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in a weight ratio of (3~4):1:(2~3). It is used to adjust pH and provide trace elements. The sulfur powder acts as a slow-release acidifier, slowly oxidizing to sulfuric acid under the action of soil microorganisms, thus stably lowering the substrate pH over a long period. Ferrous sulfate provides easily absorbed iron for blueberries and helps adjust acidity. Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer provides phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and other trace elements.

[0014] Preferably, the peat moss is a sphagnum moss originating from Russia and provided by Shanghai Zhongbei Agriculture (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., with an organic matter content greater than 80%, a pH value less than 5.5, and an electrical conductivity less than 0.6 mS / cm.

[0015] Preferably, the perlite is formed by heating and expanding volcanic rock, has good air and drainage properties, is free of pathogens, has a particle size of 3-6 mm, and a total porosity of more than 90%, and its function is to adjust the size-to-void ratio of the matrix.

[0016] Preferably, the Ganoderma lucidum by-products are by-products from the production of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, with a fineness of 0.5~1.0mm, possessing certain biological activity and nutritional components, and are provided by Shanghai Baixin Agriculture Company.

[0017] Preferably, the vermiculite is mainly composed of hydrous aluminum silicate minerals with a fineness of 0.5~2mm, strong water absorption capacity, and certain mineral nutrients, and is provided by Shanghai Suyin Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.

[0018] This invention provides a method for preparing the aforementioned cultivation substrate, which involves mixing a basic cultivation substrate and a compound microbial agent and then aging the mixture to obtain a blueberry-specific compound microbial cultivation substrate.

[0019] Preferably, the aging time is 5 to 7 days.

[0020] This invention provides the application of the aforementioned cultivation substrate in blueberry cultivation.

[0021] This invention provides the application of the aforementioned cultivation substrate in the prevention and control of blueberry root diseases.

[0022] This invention provides a blueberry-specific bio-based substrate with added compound microbial inoculants and its preparation method, exhibiting significant beneficial technical effects. This substrate, through the scientific compounding of peat moss, perlite, Ganoderma lucidum powder byproducts, vermiculite, and functional additives, constructs a loose, breathable, and acidically stable physicochemical environment, providing ideal conditions for blueberry root growth. Its core lies in the addition of a compound microbial inoculant composed of azalea mycorrhizal fungi, gelatinous Bacillus, and Trichoderma harzianum. These three elements work synergistically to form a complete functional system of "growth promotion + nutrient activation + disease control," effectively promoting blueberry root development, improving nutrient utilization efficiency, and enhancing stress resistance.

[0023] Furthermore, this patented substrate boasts several outstanding advantages: First, it is specifically designed for blueberries, offering comprehensive functionality and precisely regulating the rhizosphere microenvironment to address the survival challenges of blueberries in non-acidic soils, reconcile water and air imbalances, and replenish nutrients. Second, it employs a microbial-driven strategy, directly introducing a beneficial microbial community unique to blueberries, fundamentally promoting healthy plant growth with significantly superior results compared to ordinary substrates. Third, it achieves efficient nutrient utilization through the nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, and potassium solubilization functions of microorganisms, drastically reducing fertilizer application and aligning with the direction of green agriculture development. Additionally, its strong disease resistance effectively prevents soil-borne diseases through biological control, reducing pesticide use and overcoming continuous cropping obstacles.

[0024] In terms of environmental friendliness, this technology combines microbial technology with the resource utilization of agricultural waste, achieving sustainable development. Field trials have proven its advantages of low cost and significant yield increase, making it highly cost-effective. It is also easy to use; users do not need complex acidity adjustment and pretreatment, and it can be used immediately after opening the bag, saving labor and time. Application effect tests show that blueberries using this substrate are significantly better than the control group in terms of mycorrhizal infection rate, new shoot growth, single fruit weight, and sugar-acid ratio. The incidence of root diseases is significantly reduced, and the yield per plant can be increased by up to 48.6%, fully verifying the effectiveness and superiority of this invention.

[0025] In summary, this invention patent achieves a synergistic effect of "1+1+1>3" by organically combining the excellent physicochemical properties of the substrate with the functions of specific beneficial microorganisms, providing a complete solution for the green, high-quality, and efficient cultivation of blueberries. It has significant promotion and application value and broad market prospects. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] A method for preparing a blueberry-specific composite microbial culture substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0029] 1. Basic raw materials (by volume): Peat: 60% Perlite: 15% Reishi powder by-products: 10% Vermiculite: 10% Functional additive: 5% (made by mixing 50% sulfur powder, 15% ferrous sulfate, and 35% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer by weight); 2. Mixing: First, put peat moss, perlite, Ganoderma lucidum powder and vermiculite into a mixer and mix for 5 minutes. Then add the functional additives and mix for another 5 minutes.

[0030] 3. Rhododendron mycorrhizal fungi spore powder and gelatinous Bacillus subtilis (live count ≥ 2 × 10⁻⁶) CFU / g), Trichoderma harzianum spore powder (live count ≥1×10⁻⁶) The CFU / g of the compound microbial agent was prepared by physical mixing at a ratio of 1:2.5:1.5 to the effective viable bacteria count.

[0031] 4. Dissolve the compound microbial agent powder in sterile water and dilute to a viable count of 5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL. Spray 60mL of bacterial suspension per liter of base substrate, stirring constantly to ensure uniformity. Store the inoculated substrate at room temperature away from light for 6 days, then package as the finished product.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] A method for preparing a blueberry-specific composite microbial culture substrate, comprising the following steps: 1. Basic raw materials (by volume): Peat: 58% Perlite: 18% Reishi powder by-products: 12% Vermiculite: 8% Functional additives: 4% (made from a mixture of 45% sulfur powder, 15% ferrous sulfate, and 40% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer by weight). 2. Mixing: First, put peat moss, perlite, Ganoderma lucidum powder and vermiculite into a mixer and mix for 5 minutes. Then add the functional additives and mix for another 5 minutes.

[0034] 3. Rhododendron mycorrhizal fungi spore powder and gelatinous Bacillus subtilis (live count ≥ 2 × 10⁻⁶) CFU / g), Trichoderma harzianum spore powder (live count ≥1×10⁻⁶) The CFU / g of the compound microbial agent was prepared by physical mixing at a ratio of 1:2.5:1.5 to the effective viable bacteria count.

[0035] 4. Dissolve the compound microbial agent powder in sterile water and dilute to a viable count of 5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL. Spray 60mL of bacterial suspension per liter of base substrate, stirring constantly to ensure uniformity. Store the inoculated substrate at room temperature away from light for 7 days, then package as the finished product.

[0036] Experiment 1

[0037] 1. Materials and Methods

[0038] The experiment was conducted in the official greenhouse of the Zhuangxing Comprehensive Experimental Station of the Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences from April to September 2024. The test crop was blueberry, variety O'Neill, with a tree age of 3 years; the planting pots had a bottom diameter of 25 cm and a height of 30 cm.

[0039] Experimental treatments: Two treatments were set up: Treatment 1 (experimental group) (product prepared in Example 1); Treatment 2 (control group) (ordinary blueberry substrate, purchased from Shanghai Suyin Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.). Blueberries were planted on April 12, 2024, with one plant per pot, using drip irrigation. The fertilizer used was an acidic amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (purchased from Shanghai Roquette Co., Ltd., with an amino acid content ≥10% and a pH of 5.54). Other management measures, such as fertilizer and water management, flower and fruit management, pruning, and pest and disease control, were strictly maintained.

[0040] The growth, disease incidence, yield, and quality of blueberries were investigated, and the data were statistically analyzed using software such as Excel 2010 and SPSS 19.0.

[0041] 2. Experimental Results and Analysis

[0042] The experimental results show that the substrate of this invention can significantly improve the mycorrhizal infection rate of blueberry roots, activate rhizosphere nutrients, and effectively control diseases. The incidence of root diseases in the experimental group (3.2%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (18.5%). The significant increase in new shoot growth proves that healthy roots and a good microbial environment can promote the above-ground growth of plants, laying the foundation for high yield. The single fruit weight of blueberries increased by 7.89% compared with the control, and the sugar-acid ratio increased by 10.36%. This indicates that the bio-substrate of this invention significantly promotes the health and vegetative growth of blueberry roots, ultimately achieving a synergistic improvement in yield and quality.

[0043] Table 1 Blueberry growth under each treatment

[0044] Note: Different letters after the data in the same row indicate that the difference is significant at the P<0.05 level, and the same applies below.

[0045] Experiment 2

[0046] Two-year-old blueberry seedlings with uniform growth were selected and potted using the substrate of Example 1 of this invention (experimental group) and commercially available nutrient substrate (control group) (purchased from Shanghai Suyin Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.). Before the experiment, the substrate pH was 5.5, and the cultivation management conditions were the same. After 6 months of planting, a survey was conducted and the results showed that the product of this invention can maintain the stability of the substrate pH. At the same time, the blueberries using the substrate of this invention were significantly better than the control group in terms of growth, root development, leaf nutrition status and yield, with a 48.6% increase in yield per plant, which fully demonstrates the effectiveness and superiority of this invention.

[0047] Table 2 Blueberry growth under each treatment

[0048] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A special compound microbial culture substrate for blueberries, characterized in that, It includes the following components: basic cultivation substrate and compound microbial agent; The compound microbial agent consists of Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi, Paenibacillus mucilaginosus, and Trichoderma harzianum.

2. The cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The effective viable count ratio of the rhododendron mycorrhizal fungi, gelatinous Bacillus and Trichoderma harzianum is 1:(2~3):(1~2).

3. The cultivation substrate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The compound microbial agent is added at a concentration of 0.5 × 10⁻⁶ per liter of basic cultivation substrate. ~5×1 50-100 mL of bacterial suspension with CFU / mL.

4. The cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The basic cultivation substrate is composed of the following raw materials by volume percentage: 50%~60% peat moss, 10%~20% perlite, 10%~15% Ganoderma lucidum powder by-products, 5%~10% vermiculite, and 3%~5% functional additives.

5. The cultivation substrate according to claim 4, characterized in that, The functional additives are sulfur powder, ferrous sulfate and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, in a weight ratio of (3~4):1:(2~3).

6. The cultivation substrate according to claim 4, characterized in that, The peat moss is a sphagnum moss with an organic matter content greater than 80%, a pH value less than 5.5, and an electrical conductivity less than 0.6 mS / cm.

7. The method for preparing the cultivation substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The basic cultivation substrate and compound microbial agent are mixed and aged to obtain a compound microbial cultivation substrate specifically for blueberries.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The aging time is 5 to 7 days.

9. The application of the cultivation substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in blueberry cultivation.

10. The application of the cultivation substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in the prevention and control of blueberry root diseases.

Images