Battery cluster passive equalization control method and device based on dynamic average voltage

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery cluster passive equalization control method and device based on dynamic average voltage, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a real-time voltage value of each single battery in a battery cluster in a current control period, and calculating a real-time voltage average value of all single batteries in the battery cluster; selecting a plurality of single batteries of which the real-time voltage values are greater than the real-time voltage average value to obtain a candidate equalization target set; according to the sequence of the real-time voltage values from high to low, sequentially selecting at least one single battery in the candidate equalization target set as an equalization target battery, and performing equalization control on the equalization target battery; and when the battery cluster or the equalization target battery meets a preset condition, stopping equalization control on the equalization target battery. By using the dynamic average voltage as the equalization reference and introducing the adjacent mutual exclusion principle, the smooth and progressive equalization control of the battery cluster voltage is realized, and the problem that the voltage discreteness and local overheating are aggravated due to the response difference of the traditional fixed threshold passive equalization strategy is effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery management equalization control, and in particular to a passive equalization control method and apparatus for battery clusters based on dynamic average voltage. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy industry, lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in energy storage and other fields due to their advantages such as high energy density and long cycle life. In practical applications, to meet voltage and capacity requirements, a large number of battery cells are usually connected in series and parallel to form battery clusters. However, due to differences in manufacturing processes, usage environments, and charge-discharge cycles, inconsistencies inevitably exist among battery cells, specifically manifested as variations in parameters such as voltage, internal resistance, and capacity. This inconsistency can lead to a decrease in the usable capacity of the battery cluster, a shortened cycle life, and even safety hazards.

[0003] To address the aforementioned inconsistencies, battery balancing technology has emerged. This technology is mainly divided into two categories: active balancing (non-dissipative) and passive balancing (dissipative). While active balancing technology is more efficient, its complex circuit structure and high cost make it difficult to popularize in large-scale energy storage projects. Passive balancing technology, on the other hand, has become the mainstream solution adopted in current energy storage projects due to its simple structure and low cost.

[0004] Currently, common passive balancing strategies generally employ a "fixed voltage threshold" method. This means that balancing is initiated for a single cell when its voltage exceeds a fixed threshold above the lowest voltage in the battery cluster. However, this strategy has a significant drawback: if several cells in the cluster have significantly low voltages, the voltages of most cells within the cluster will exceed the set fixed threshold, triggering large-scale, wide-ranging balancing. This is especially true for lithium iron phosphate batteries, where high-voltage cells are often in a voltage plateau region with slow voltage drops, while low-voltage cells have often moved out of the plateau region and experience faster voltage drops. This difference in response speed means that the energy consumption for large-scale balancing is primarily applied to the slowly changing high-voltage cells, potentially exacerbating the overall voltage dispersion of the battery cluster and further widening inconsistencies, contradicting the balancing objective. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a lithium battery cluster balancing method that is logically simple, highly adaptive, effectively prevents over-balancing, and is applicable to existing passive balancing hardware solutions to overcome the shortcomings of current technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a passive equalization control method and device for battery clusters based on dynamic average voltage. By using dynamic average voltage as the equalization benchmark and introducing the principle of adjacent mutual exclusion, smooth and progressive equalization control of battery cluster voltage is achieved, effectively solving the technical problems of voltage dispersion exacerbated by response differences and potential local overheating caused by traditional fixed threshold passive equalization strategies.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, a first aspect of this invention provides a passive equalization control method for battery clusters based on dynamic average voltage, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Obtain the real-time voltage value of each individual cell in the battery cluster during the current control cycle, and calculate the average real-time voltage of all the individual cells in the battery cluster.

[0008] Select several individual cells whose real-time voltage values ​​are greater than the average real-time voltage value to obtain a candidate equalization target set;

[0009] Based on the real-time voltage values ​​from high to low, at least one of the individual cells in the candidate equalization target set is selected as the equalization target cell, and equalization control is performed on the equalization target cell.

[0010] When the battery cluster or the target battery meets the preset conditions, the balancing control of the target battery is stopped.

[0011] Furthermore, after selecting at least one individual cell from the candidate equalization target set as the equalization target cell in descending order of real-time voltage values, the method further includes:

[0012] After determining the candidate equalization target set, the physical adjacent position relationship of each individual cell in the candidate equalization target set is identified;

[0013] According to the real-time voltage values ​​from high to low, the current equalization enable state of several adjacent single cells that are directly adjacent to the candidate equalization target in the physical adjacent position relationship is obtained in sequence.

[0014] If any adjacent cell is in the equilibrium enabled state, then the candidate equilibrium target is set to the equilibrium disabled state.

[0015] If none of the directly adjacent neighboring cells of a candidate equilibrium target are in an equilibrium enabled state, then the candidate equilibrium target is taken as the equilibrium target cell.

[0016] Control the closing of the equalization branch switching element of at least one of the equalization target batteries to initiate passive equalization.

[0017] Furthermore, after using the candidate equalization target as the equalization target battery, the method further includes:

[0018] If the directly adjacent neighboring cells of a neighboring cell contain other candidate equalization targets that have been allowed as equalization target cells, then the neighboring cell is considered to be in an equalization enabled state.

[0019] If any directly adjacent neighboring cell of the current candidate equalization target has been allowed as the equalization target cell, then the current candidate equalization target is set to equalization prohibited state, so that when any two of the multiple candidate equalization targets are directly adjacent, only the candidate equalization target with the highest real-time voltage value is allowed as the equalization target cell.

[0020] Further, stopping the balancing control of the target battery when the battery cluster or the target battery meets the preset conditions includes:

[0021] When the real-time voltage difference of all individual cells in the battery cluster is less than a first preset voltage value, the equalization control of the target battery is stopped; or

[0022] When the average voltage of all individual cells in the battery cluster is less than a second preset voltage value, the equalization control of the target battery is stopped; or

[0023] When the real-time voltage difference of the target battery is less than the real-time average voltage of the battery cluster, the equalization control of the target battery is stopped.

[0024] Furthermore, before obtaining the real-time voltage value of each individual cell in the battery cluster during the current control cycle, the method further includes:

[0025] The system status parameters of the battery cluster are obtained, including: hardware fault flags, master-slave communication status, temperature of each individual cell, and total current of the battery cluster.

[0026] When the hardware fault flag indicates a fault-free state, the master-slave communication states are both in normal state, the temperature value of each individual battery cell is within the normal operating temperature range, and the total current of the battery cluster is lower than the static current threshold, the battery cluster is determined to be in an equilibrable state.

[0027] Furthermore, the battery cluster includes several battery compartments;

[0028] The step of selecting several individual cells whose real-time voltage values ​​are greater than the average real-time voltage value to obtain a candidate equalization target set includes:

[0029] In each battery pack, the cell with the highest real-time voltage value among several individual cells whose real-time voltage value is greater than the average real-time voltage value is selected as the local candidate equalization target of the battery pack.

[0030] The candidate equilibrium target set of the battery cluster is constituted by the local candidate equilibrium targets of all the battery boxes.

[0031] Furthermore, after constructing the candidate equalization target set for the battery cluster from the local candidate equalization targets of all the battery boxes, the method further includes:

[0032] For all local candidate equilibrium targets in the candidate equilibrium target set, a global traversal is performed in descending order of real-time voltage values ​​in the current control cycle;

[0033] For the local candidate equalization target currently being traversed, determine whether any single cell directly adjacent to it in the overall physical arrangement of the battery cluster has been identified as the equalization target cell.

[0034] If any directly adjacent neighboring cell has been identified as the equalization target cell, then the current local candidate equalization target is excluded from the candidate equalization target set;

[0035] If none of the directly adjacent neighboring cells are identified as the balancing target cells, then the current local candidate balancing target is identified as the balancing target cell, and balancing control is enabled for it.

[0036] Accordingly, a second aspect of the present invention provides a battery cluster passive equalization control device based on dynamic average voltage, which performs passive equalization control on battery clusters based on the above-mentioned battery cluster passive equalization control based on dynamic average voltage. The control device includes:

[0037] The data acquisition module is used to acquire the real-time voltage value of each individual cell in the battery cluster during the current control cycle, and to calculate the average real-time voltage of all the individual cells in the battery cluster.

[0038] The target set construction module is used to select several individual cells whose real-time voltage values ​​are greater than the average real-time voltage values ​​to obtain a candidate equalization target set;

[0039] The equalization control module is used to select at least one of the individual cells in the candidate equalization target set as equalization target cells according to the real-time voltage values ​​from high to low, and to perform equalization control on the equalization target cells.

[0040] The equalization control module is also used to stop equalization control of the target battery when the battery cluster or the target battery meets the preset conditions.

[0041] Accordingly, a third aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device, including: at least one processor; and a memory connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor to cause the at least one processor to perform the above-described passive equalization control method for battery clusters based on dynamic average voltage.

[0042] Accordingly, a fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having computer instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implement the above-described passive equalization control method for battery clusters based on dynamic average voltage.

[0043] The above-described technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial technical effects:

[0044] 1. By using a dynamically changing average voltage as the balancing benchmark and continuously refreshing the target, a smooth and adaptive "water recedes, boats descend" balancing process is achieved, enabling the overall voltage of the battery cluster to steadily converge towards the lowest voltage. This effectively solves the technical problem of low balancing efficiency and even exacerbation of voltage dispersion caused by the voltage plateau characteristics of lithium iron phosphate batteries in the traditional fixed threshold method, and significantly improves the overall consistency and usable capacity of the battery cluster.

[0045] 2. By introducing and strictly implementing the principle of selecting equalization targets based on mutual exclusion between adjacent cells, this solution ensures that at any given time, two cells that are physically adjacent will not simultaneously undergo equalization discharge. This distributes the heat generated during equalization evenly in space, effectively preventing the risk of battery module overheating due to local heat accumulation. While improving the equalization effect, it significantly enhances the safety and reliability of the system.

[0046] 3. The balancing strategy relies solely on the voltage monitoring capabilities and standard passive balancing hardware circuits commonly found in battery management systems (BMS), without requiring additional costs or complex active balancing devices. Furthermore, its core logic does not depend on the precise SOC (State of Charge) data of individual cells, thereby reducing the computational requirements of the BMS. This allows the efficient balancing method to be seamlessly applied to the vast majority of existing energy storage systems that only have the capability to estimate the SOC of the entire cluster, demonstrating strong compatibility and promotional value. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the passive equalization circuit structure for battery clusters provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a passive equalization control method for battery clusters based on dynamic average voltage provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating the balancing effect of the traditional cluster minimum voltage + fixed threshold strategy provided in this embodiment of the invention.

[0050] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the equalization strategy based on dynamic average voltage provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 5 This is a block diagram of a battery cluster passive balancing control device based on dynamic average voltage provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Figure label:

[0053] 1. Data acquisition module; 2. Target set construction module; 3. Balance control module. Detailed Implementation

[0054] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the invention.

[0055] like Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This is a typical schematic diagram of a passive equalization circuit for a battery cluster. The circuit consists of multiple equalization branches connected in parallel to the individual battery cells. Each branch includes a switching element (such as a transistor, labeled S1, S2, etc. in the diagram) and a power dissipation resistor (labeled R1, R2, etc. in the diagram). When a battery cell meets the equalization activation condition, the corresponding switching element closes, and current flows through the corresponding resistor, dissipating excess electrical energy as heat, thereby achieving voltage equalization.

[0056] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The first aspect of this invention provides a passive equalization control method for battery clusters based on dynamic average voltage, comprising the following steps:

[0057] Step S100: Obtain the real-time voltage value of each individual cell in the battery cluster during the current control cycle, and calculate the average real-time voltage of all individual cells in the battery cluster.

[0058] First, the voltage sampling circuit of the battery management system (BMS) synchronously acquires the real-time voltage value of each individual cell in the battery cluster during the current control cycle. To ensure the validity and stability of the data, this acquisition process is usually performed when the battery cluster is in a quiescent state, that is, the total current of the battery cluster is continuously lower than a set quiescent current threshold (e.g., 1A) and maintained for a period of time (e.g., 40 minutes) to eliminate interference from the dynamic charging and discharging process on the voltage measurement.

[0059] After obtaining the voltage sampling values ​​of all individual cells, an arithmetic average calculation is performed to sum the real-time voltage values ​​of all individual cells and then divide by the total number of individual cells in the battery cluster. This yields the dynamic average voltage value that characterizes the overall voltage level of the battery cluster during the control cycle. This average voltage value will serve as the core benchmark for subsequent equalization determination, and its dynamic change is the key difference from the fixed threshold method.

[0060] Step S200: Select several individual cells whose real-time voltage values ​​are greater than the average real-time voltage value to obtain a candidate equalization target set.

[0061] After calculating the dynamic average voltage, the initial screening stage for equalization targets begins. This step iterates through each individual cell in the battery cluster, comparing its real-time voltage value with the average real-time voltage calculated in the previous step. All individual cells with voltage values ​​greater than this average voltage are selected, forming a "candidate equalization target set." Individual cells with voltages higher than the average value have relatively higher energy states and are suitable targets for energy dissipation (i.e., passive equalization). In this way, the range of individual cells requiring attention in each control cycle can be adaptively determined. This range dynamically changes with fluctuations in the average voltage, avoiding the problem of premature or delayed equalization triggering caused by improper fixed threshold settings in traditional methods.

[0062] Step S300: Based on the real-time voltage values ​​from high to low, at least one single cell in the candidate equalization target set is selected as the equalization target cell, and equalization control is performed on the equalization target cell.

[0063] First, all individual cells within the candidate equalization target set obtained in step S200 are sorted in descending order of their real-time voltage values. Then, based on this sorting result, starting with the cell with the highest voltage, each cell is sequentially checked to determine if it meets the final equalization activation conditions. This process incorporates a crucial safety principle: the adjacent-exclusion principle. For the cell currently being evaluated, it is checked whether its directly adjacent cells in the battery cluster's physical structure are already in an equalization state. If any of its adjacent cells are currently equalizing, the current cell will be prohibited from starting equalization in this cycle, even if its voltage is very high.

[0064] This mechanism ensures that spatially adjacent batteries do not simultaneously generate equal heat, effectively preventing excessive local temperatures and improving the system's thermal safety. Only cells that pass this judgment will have their corresponding equalization branch switching element (such as a MOSFET) controlled to close, allowing current to flow through the parallel energy-dissipating resistor, thus initiating discharge equalization for that cell.

[0065] Step S400: When the battery cluster or the target battery for equalization meets the preset conditions, stop equalization control of the target battery for equalization.

[0066] By defining the conditions for ending the equalization process, ineffective equalization or over-discharge is prevented. The stopping conditions are divided into three levels: At the overall battery cluster level, when the difference between the highest and lowest voltages within the cluster (i.e., voltage differential) drops below a preset convergence threshold (e.g., 40mV), it indicates that the voltage consistency of the battery cluster has reached a satisfactory level, and all equalization is shut down. Similarly, at the overall level, if the calculated dynamic average voltage drops below a preset voltage protection threshold (e.g., 3050mV), equalization will also be forcibly shut down to prevent the overall energy of the battery cluster from becoming too low due to prolonged static equalization, thus avoiding the risk of over-discharge. At the individual cell level, since equalization is a process lasting from several seconds to several minutes, and the average voltage is dynamically refreshed, if in a subsequent cycle a cell being equalized is detected whose voltage has dropped below the current average voltage, equalization of that cell will immediately stop, ensuring that the equalization action always applies to the target group with the highest energy in the current state. These conditions together constitute a multi-level, adaptive equalization exit mechanism.

[0067] By employing the aforementioned benchmark setting based on dynamic average voltage, dynamic screening of candidate targets, target selection combining voltage sorting and adjacent mutual exclusion principles, and multi-level termination condition judgment, a smooth, gradual, and thermally safe passive equalization control is achieved. This method effectively overcomes the technical shortcomings of traditional fixed threshold methods in the voltage plateau region of lithium iron phosphate batteries, such as low equalization efficiency, susceptibility to increased inconsistency due to response differences, and potential for local overheating. While significantly improving battery cluster voltage consistency and usable capacity, it reduces dependence on BMS computing resources and possesses excellent thermal safety management capabilities and hardware compatibility.

[0068] Furthermore, after selecting at least one single cell from the candidate equalization target set as the equalization target cell in step S300 according to the real-time voltage value in descending order, the process further includes:

[0069] Step S310: After determining the candidate equalization target set, identify the physical adjacent position relationship of each individual cell in the candidate equalization target set.

[0070] After determining the candidate equalization target set, it is necessary to identify the positional adjacency of each individual cell in the set within the actual physical structure of the battery cluster. Establishing this relationship relies on battery layout information pre-stored in the battery management system or obtained through topology identification. Specifically, for series-connected battery clusters, physical adjacency typically refers to two individual cells that are directly adjacent in both electrical connection and physical installation location. By querying a predefined battery topology mapping table, the numbers or addresses of the two directly adjacent individual cells (either left-right or top-bottom) for each cell in the candidate equalization target set are determined, establishing its corresponding list of adjacent cells.

[0071] Step S320: According to the real-time voltage values ​​from high to low, sequentially obtain the current equalization enabling state of several adjacent single cells that are directly adjacent to a candidate equalization target in the physical adjacent position relationship.

[0072] After establishing physical adjacency relationships, an ordered traversal and judgment process is initiated on the candidate equalization target set. The traversal order strictly follows the priority of battery voltage, that is, each candidate target is processed sequentially according to the real-time voltage value from high to low. For the candidate cell currently being processed, the identity identifiers of all its directly adjacent cells are obtained according to the adjacency relationship list established in step S310. Subsequently, the equalization status flag bits of these adjacent cells in the current control cycle are queried to determine whether they are in the "equalization enabled state". This status flag bit records whether the equalization branch switch element of the corresponding cell has been commanded to close and is dissipating energy. This sequential judgment mechanism ensures that the battery with the highest voltage has priority to be equalized, and also prioritizes safety mutual exclusion checks, thereby optimizing equalization efficiency under the premise of safety.

[0073] Step S330: If any adjacent single cell is in the balance enabled state, then set the candidate balance target to the balance disabled state.

[0074] When it is detected that any directly adjacent cell of the current candidate target is already in the equalization enabled state, a potential risk of local overheating is determined. As a countermeasure, the control state of the current candidate target is set to "equalization disabled state". In this state, even if the cell voltage is high and it belongs to the candidate set, its corresponding equalization branch switch element will not be allowed to close within the current control cycle. This judgment is real-time and mandatory. For example, even if two batteries with very close voltages and physical proximity are selected into the candidate set simultaneously within the same processing cycle, this step ensures that only the one with a slightly higher voltage (processed first due to its higher ranking) can enter the equalization state, while the one with a slightly lower voltage will be disabled because its adjacent battery (i.e., the one in front) has already started equalization. This mechanism fundamentally eliminates the possibility of adjacent batteries overheating simultaneously from the control logic.

[0075] Step S340: If all of the directly adjacent neighboring cells of a candidate equilibrium target are not in the equilibrium enabled state, then the candidate equilibrium target is taken as the equilibrium target cell.

[0076] If the inspection reveals that none of the directly adjacent cells of the current candidate target are in an equalization enabled state, meaning there are no active equalization heat sources around it, then equilibration of that cell is deemed to meet thermal safety requirements. At this point, the candidate target is formally designated as the final "equilibration target battery," and a corresponding status flag is set, such as setting its "equilibration enabled state" flag. This determination is a prerequisite for allowing subsequent physical actions (step S350). It should be noted that this determination is based on the instantaneous state within the current control cycle. As equalization progresses and the system state is refreshed, the adjacency relationship state of a cell may change, thus affecting its determination result in subsequent cycles.

[0077] Step S350: Control the closing of the equalization branch switch element of at least one equalization target battery to initiate passive equalization.

[0078] After all the aforementioned logical checks, a specific control signal is output to each individual cell identified as a "balancing target battery." This control signal drives the corresponding balancing branch switching element (usually a MOSFET or relay) to close, thus forming a discharge loop consisting of the individual battery, the switching element, and the energy-dissipating resistor. The battery's electrical energy is dissipated as heat through the resistor in this loop, causing its voltage to gradually decrease. The switching elements of multiple balancing target batteries that meet the conditions can be controlled to close simultaneously, as long as they do not violate the adjacent mutual exclusion principle. This step translates the upper-level control decisions into actual physical effects and is the final and crucial step in achieving voltage balancing.

[0079] Through the detailed steps S310 to S350 above, which involve establishing adjacency relationships based on physical location identification, querying states according to voltage priority, strictly determining mutual exclusion logic, and finally controlling execution, this solution transforms the safety concept of "adjacent mutual exclusion" into a precise control process that can operate stably in the battery management system. This process ensures that at any given time, physically adjacent battery cells will not simultaneously undergo equalization discharge, thereby effectively dispersing the heat generated during equalization within the battery cluster space. This significantly reduces the risk of module overheating caused by localized heat accumulation, greatly enhancing thermal safety and long-term operational reliability while improving the system's equalization effect.

[0080] Furthermore, after selecting the candidate equalization target as the equalization target battery in step S340, the process also includes:

[0081] Step S341: If a neighboring cell has other candidate equalization targets that have been allowed as equalization target cells among its directly adjacent neighboring cells, then the neighboring cell is considered to be in an equalization enabled state.

[0082] The criteria for determining the "equilibrium enabling state" have been significantly expanded to address potential conflicts that may arise during sequential judgments within the same control cycle. During the traversal judgment process, not only are the states of cells already dissipating energy considered, but also those cells in the current traversal sequence that have been allowed to initiate equilibrium by preceding logic but have not yet actually performed a switching action. Specifically, when judging the state of a neighboring cell, the criteria include not only the current hardware switching state of that neighboring cell but also whether it has been identified as a "equilibrium target cell" by previous judgment logic within this control cycle (i.e., for candidate cells with higher voltage). Even if the equilibrium branch switch of that neighboring cell is not physically closed, as long as it has been marked as "allowed as an equilibrium target cell," it is considered to be in a logically "equilibrium enabling state." This mechanism ensures that, within the same decision cycle, the judgment of subsequent candidate cells can proactively consider the selected equilibrium target, thereby preventing conflicts at the logical level and avoiding judgment blind spots caused by processing order.

[0083] Step S342: If any directly adjacent neighboring cell of the current candidate equalization target has been allowed as the equalization target cell, the current candidate equalization target is set to equalization prohibition state, so that when any two of the multiple candidate equalization targets are directly adjacent, only the candidate equalization target with the highest real-time voltage value is allowed as the equalization target cell.

[0084] Based on the judgment criteria established in step S341, during the traversal process, if any directly adjacent cell of the current candidate target is found to be marked as a "balancing target battery" (regardless of whether its switch has been activated), the current candidate target is immediately set to a "balancing prohibited state". The direct technical effect of this operation is that when there are two or more physically adjacent candidate batteries with voltages higher than the average, the inherent voltage-descending processing flow ensures that only the one with the highest voltage is ultimately allowed to start balancing, while its adjacent candidate targets with relatively lower voltages are automatically excluded by the system logic. For example, in the physical arrangement of battery clusters, if two batteries numbered N and N+1 enter the candidate set simultaneously, and voltage N > voltage N+1, when processing battery N, since none of its adjacent batteries have started balancing, it is marked as a target battery; subsequently, when processing battery N+1, it is detected that its adjacent battery N has been marked as a target, and battery N+1 is immediately prohibited from starting balancing. This mechanism ensures the strict enforcement of the mutual exclusion principle from the decision-making root.

[0085] By introducing the aforementioned forward-looking judgment and mandatory mutual exclusion mechanism based on logical state, this scheme improves the closed-loop application of the adjacent mutual exclusion principle in the dynamic decision-making process. It ensures that, within each control cycle, regardless of the voltage distribution and physical location relationship of the candidate equalization targets, it reliably prevents any two directly adjacent batteries from being simultaneously allowed to be equalized. This refined conflict resolution strategy further eliminates potential thermal risks caused by processing timing or state update delays, enabling the equalization process to achieve a higher level of decision determinism and thermal safety reliability while pursuing voltage consistency.

[0086] Further, step S400, which stops balancing control of the target battery when the battery cluster or balancing target battery meets preset conditions, includes:

[0087] Step S410: When the real-time voltage difference of all individual cells in the battery cluster is less than the first preset voltage value, stop the equalization control of the target battery.

[0088] The above defines the termination conditions of the equalization process when the expected consistency target is achieved. The overall voltage difference of the battery cluster is continuously calculated and monitored; this voltage difference is defined as the real-time difference between the highest and lowest voltage cells within the cluster. As the equalization process progresses effectively, the energy of high-voltage cells is gradually dissipated, while the voltage distribution range of the entire battery cluster narrows due to low-voltage cells not participating in equalization or experiencing a slower voltage drop. Once the voltage difference decreases and stabilizes below a pre-set first preset voltage value (e.g., 40mV), the voltage consistency of the battery cluster is considered to have reached a satisfactory level. At this point, continuing equalization will not bring significant performance improvements and will instead cause unnecessary energy waste. Therefore, control of all target batteries for equalization will be automatically shut off, ending the current equalization cycle. This condition serves as the primary criterion for judging the equalization effect, ensuring the precise cessation of the equalization operation.

[0089] Step S420: When the average voltage of all individual cells in the battery cluster is less than the second preset voltage value, stop the equalization control of the target battery.

[0090] The above establishes a protective termination condition based on the overall energy state of the battery cluster, aiming to prevent the risk of over-discharge due to prolonged static equalization. The dynamic average voltage of the battery cluster is recalculated in each control cycle. When the battery cluster undergoes continuous equalization discharge in a static state, its overall energy level slowly decreases, manifested as a gradual decrease in the dynamic average voltage. This average voltage is compared to a preset second preset voltage value (e.g., 3050mV), which is typically set at a voltage protection threshold that takes into account battery material characteristics and system safety margins. Once the dynamic average voltage is detected to be below this second preset voltage value, regardless of the current voltage difference of the battery cluster, all equalization functions will be forcibly shut down. This mechanism ensures that the battery cluster does not deplete its energy to a dangerous level during the equalization process, serving as a crucial protective measure for the overall health of the battery cluster.

[0091] Step S430: When the real-time voltage difference of the target battery is less than the real-time average voltage of the battery cluster, stop the equalization control of the target battery.

[0092] The above defines a dynamic exit mechanism for individual balancing targets. Since the balancing process is continuous, and the dynamic average voltage, serving as the balancing benchmark, is periodically refreshed, the relative state of a single cell undergoing balancing may change. The system compares the real-time voltage value of each balancing target cell with the newly calculated average real-time voltage of the battery cluster for the current control cycle. If a cell undergoing balancing is found to have a voltage drop below the latest average voltage value due to energy dissipation, it indicates that the cell no longer belongs to the high-energy group at that moment. Continuing to discharge it is inconsistent with the balancing strategy and constitutes ineffective energy dissipation. Therefore, an immediate instruction is issued to that specific cell to shut down its corresponding balancing branch switch, stopping its individual balancing process, while other eligible cells may continue balancing. This mechanism enables dynamic and refined management of balancing targets.

[0093] The balancing process can be stopped when any of the above three conditions is met. Based on three mechanisms—targeted termination for overall consistency, robust termination for overall energy protection, and dynamic individual termination based on changes in individual cell states—this scheme constructs a multi-dimensional, adaptive balancing exit mechanism. This mechanism not only ensures that the balancing process stops promptly when the expected results are achieved, avoiding ineffective energy waste, but more importantly, it provides crucial system protection, preventing over-discharge of the battery cluster. Furthermore, by dynamically managing the balancing target, it optimizes balancing efficiency and accuracy, thereby maximizing the consistency maintenance effect of the battery cluster while ensuring safety and economy.

[0094] Furthermore, before obtaining the real-time voltage value of each individual cell in the battery cluster during the current control cycle in step S100, the following steps are also included:

[0095] Step S101: Obtain the system status parameters of the battery cluster. The system status parameters include: hardware fault flags, master-slave communication status, temperature of each individual cell, and total current of the battery cluster.

[0096] This step is a system-level pre-check and data preparation phase for equalization control, aiming to comprehensively assess whether the operating status of the battery management system and the battery cluster itself meets the basic safety and functional conditions for initiating equalization. Through internal diagnostic circuits and the communication bus, key parameters reflecting system health are collected synchronously across multiple dimensions. Specifically, a preset hardware fault flag register is read. This flag integrates the self-check results of key hardware modules such as the voltage sampling circuit, temperature sampling circuit, and equalization branch switch drive circuit, used to determine whether there are underlying hardware faults affecting the accuracy or safety of equalization control. Simultaneously, the packet loss rate and bit error rate of communication messages between the main controller and each battery management unit are monitored to ensure continuous and reliable transmission of key data such as voltage and temperature, avoiding control decisions based on erroneous or delayed information due to communication anomalies. Furthermore, real-time temperature readings of each individual battery are obtained through temperature sensors, and the total current value of the battery cluster is continuously collected. The complete acquisition of these real-time status parameters provides the necessary data foundation for the next step of comprehensive status determination.

[0097] Step S102: When the hardware fault flag indicates a fault-free state, the master-slave communication state is normal, the temperature value of each individual battery is within the normal operating temperature range, and the total current of the battery cluster is lower than the static current threshold, the battery cluster is determined to be in an equilibrable state.

[0098] After acquiring all necessary system status parameters, a multi-condition integrated logical AND operation is performed to ultimately determine whether entry into the equalization state is permitted. First, hardware fault flags are checked to confirm a clear "fault-free" state. Second, the master-slave communication status must be determined to be consistently "normal," typically meaning no fatal communication interruptions or verification errors have occurred in the recent communication cycles. For temperature conditions, the temperature of each individual cell is compared to a preset "normal operating temperature range." The upper limit of this range aims to prevent high-temperature equalization from exacerbating the risk of thermal runaway, while the lower limit avoids lithium plating issues that may arise from low-temperature charging. For example, a typical range might be set to 5°C to 45°C, requiring all reported cell temperatures to fall within this range. Finally, the battery cluster's quiescent state is determined by comparing the absolute value of the cluster's total current to a set "quiescent current threshold" (e.g., 0.05C, or specifically 1 ampere). Only when the total current remains consistently below this threshold can the battery polarization effect be considered essentially stable, and the voltage reading accurately reflect its open-circuit voltage and energy state. Only when all the above conditions are met simultaneously will the battery cluster be determined to be in an "equalizable state" and the subsequent voltage acquisition and equalization control process be allowed to start.

[0099] Before activating the core equalization algorithm, a robust safety and technical barrier was established to ensure that the equalization function is activated only under ideal conditions: intact system hardware, reliable communication, suitable temperature, and a stable, quiescent battery. This pre-process effectively eliminates the risk of erroneous equalization that may be caused by system anomalies, harsh environments, or dynamic operating condition interference, ensuring the safety, effectiveness, and reliability of the equalization process from the source, and laying a solid foundation for subsequent refined voltage equalization control.

[0100] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the battery cluster includes a plurality of battery compartments.

[0101] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the battery cluster is physically composed of several standardized battery boxes connected and mechanically fixed together. Each battery box is an independent battery module unit, containing a specific number (e.g., 24) of individual battery cells connected in series. The battery management system adopts a distributed architecture, with each battery box equipped with a local acquisition unit responsible for synchronously monitoring the voltage and temperature parameters of all individual battery cells within the box, and uploading the data to the main controller via bus communication.

[0102] When performing the equalization target selection, local optimization is first performed within each battery pack. The specific process is as follows: After calculating the dynamic average voltage of the entire cluster, the main controller sends this benchmark value to the local processing logic of each pack. Each pack's local logic then traverses all individual cells within its jurisdiction, selecting local candidate cells with voltage values ​​higher than the cluster average voltage. Subsequently, from these local candidate cells, the cell with the highest real-time voltage value is further selected and identified as the "local candidate equalization target" for that pack. This step ensures that each pack has at least one representative cell (if a suitable one exists) that enters the next stage of selection, thus pre-distributing equalization resources across different pack units in terms of physical structure.

[0103] After all cells have completed their local screening, the main controller aggregates the local candidate equalization targets reported by each cell, forming an optimized "candidate equalization target set" covering the entire battery cluster. Logically, this candidate set is equivalent to a simplified subset of the set of cells with voltages higher than the average value selected directly from the entire cluster, but its composition is guided by a clear physical structure. Subsequent global adjacency and mutual exclusion judgments and the final target selection will be based on this aggregated candidate set. This two-level screening mechanism, "local first, then global," optimizes the data processing flow while ensuring equalization effectiveness and facilitates the rational distribution of equalization actions across the battery cluster space.

[0104] Accordingly, in step S200, several individual cells with real-time voltage values ​​greater than the average real-time voltage are selected to obtain a candidate equalization target set, including:

[0105] Step S210: Select the cell with the highest real-time voltage value from among several individual cells in each battery pack whose real-time voltage value is greater than the average real-time voltage value, and use it as the local candidate equalization target for the battery pack.

[0106] In a system architecture where the battery cluster consists of multiple standardized battery boxes, this step achieves preliminary optimization of the equalization target selection. After calculating the dynamic average voltage of the entire cluster, instead of directly selecting across the entire cluster, a localized selection process is first executed in parallel within each battery box. Each battery box's local management unit, based on the dynamic average voltage value of the entire cluster issued by the main controller, iterates through and compares the voltages of all individual cells within its jurisdiction, identifying all cells with voltage values ​​higher than this benchmark. Subsequently, from this local set of high-voltage cells, the management unit selects the cell with the highest real-time voltage value using a comparison algorithm, defining it as the "local candidate equalization target" for that battery box. This design ensures that at most one representative cell from each battery box can enter the next stage of selection; this cell must have the highest voltage within its box and also meet the condition of being higher than the cluster average voltage. For example, in an IP384S battery cluster composed of 16 IP24S battery boxes, this step can generate a maximum of 16 local candidate targets, providing a controllable and reasonably distributed candidate base for subsequent processing.

[0107] Step S220: The candidate equilibrium target set of the battery cluster is formed by the local candidate equilibrium targets of all battery boxes.

[0108] After all battery cells have completed the local screening in step S210 and reported their local candidate equalization targets, the main controller aggregates these local candidate targets from each cell. These local candidate targets together constitute a "candidate equalization target set" at the battery cluster level for subsequent fine-tuning. It should be noted that this candidate set is an optimized subset of the set of all cells with voltages higher than the average voltage across the entire cluster. Through the "highest voltage" competition mechanism within each cell, it significantly reduces the size of the candidate set without overlooking any candidate with the highest voltage within any cell. This optimized candidate set will be used as input to the processing module that subsequently performs global adjacency mutual exclusion judgment and final target selection. This two-level architecture of "first local competition within each cell, then global aggregation and judgment" effectively balances the comprehensiveness of the equalization effect with the optimized allocation of system processing resources.

[0109] Furthermore, after constructing the candidate equilibrium target set for the battery cluster from the local candidate equilibrium targets of all battery boxes in step S220, the process further includes:

[0110] Step S231: Perform a global traversal of all local candidate equilibrium targets in the candidate equilibrium target set in descending order of real-time voltage values ​​in the current control cycle.

[0111] After screening and summarizing the local candidate targets for each battery pack, the next step is a refined selection phase on a global scale. This step first sorts the resulting set of candidate balancing targets. Based on the real-time voltage data collected during the current control cycle, all local candidate balancing targets in the set are sorted in descending order of voltage value. This sorting process establishes a clear processing priority, ensuring that the candidate target with the highest voltage is prioritized for processing in subsequent mutual exclusion checks. Then, following this sorting result, each candidate target in the set is visited sequentially. This voltage-priority-based global traversal mechanism lays the logical foundation for achieving optimal balancing target selection in complexly distributed battery clusters.

[0112] Step S232: For the local candidate equalization target currently being traversed, determine whether any single cell directly adjacent to it in the overall physical arrangement of the battery cluster has been identified as the equalization target cell.

[0113] For the specific local candidate balancing target currently being traversed, a critical spatial safety judgment is performed. The core basis for this judgment is the preset physical topology of the battery cluster. Based on the battery arrangement mapping relationship stored in the battery management system, the identity of all directly adjacent individual cells of the current candidate target within the overall physical structure of the battery cluster is determined. Subsequently, the status flags of these adjacent individual cells within the current control cycle are queried in real time, with a focus on checking whether any of them have been marked as "balancing target cell". This status flag means that the adjacent cell has been identified as an object requiring balancing during this traversal by the previous judgment logic (i.e., when processing candidate targets that are ranked higher and have higher voltage). This step transforms the abstract concept of "adjacent" into a concrete, executable status query operation.

[0114] Step S233: If any directly adjacent neighboring cell has been identified as the equalization target cell, then the current local candidate equalization target is excluded from the candidate equalization target set.

[0115] When it is detected that any directly adjacent cell of the current candidate target has been identified as the equalization target cell, the mutual exclusion protection mechanism is triggered. According to the principle of adjacent mutual exclusion, the currently traversed candidate target is immediately excluded from the final equalization execution list. Specifically, its status is marked as "equalization prohibited," and it is removed from the valid candidate set for the current cycle. This operation is mandatory and is unaffected by its voltage level. For example, even if the voltage value of the current candidate target is second only to its adjacent selected target, this exclusion logic is strictly enforced. This mechanism fundamentally ensures that at any given time, two physically adjacent cell units will not be allowed to be equalized simultaneously, thus eliminating the possibility of localized heat concentration at the logical level.

[0116] Step S234: If none of the directly adjacent neighboring cells are identified as the balancing target cells, then the current local candidate balancing target is identified as the balancing target cell, and balancing control is enabled for it.

[0117] If none of the directly adjacent cells of the current candidate target are marked as the balancing target cell, it indicates that there are no conflicting balancing heat sources in the surrounding area of ​​the candidate target. At this point, the local candidate balancing target is officially determined as the final "balancing target cell," and its status flag is updated. This determination means that the cell meets all the prerequisites, including a voltage higher than the dynamic average, winning the competition within the cell, and passing the global adjacent mutual exclusion safety check. Subsequently, a balancing execution command will be issued to it at the end of the control cycle. In this way, while ensuring thermal safety, the maximum number of cells meeting the conditions can be selected for synchronous balancing, thereby optimizing the overall balancing efficiency.

[0118] By introducing global voltage sorting and rigorous adjacent state judgment on the basis of local selection of battery cells, this scheme realizes the optimized selection of equalization targets and thermal safety management in complex distributed battery systems. This mechanism ensures that while allowing as many batteries as possible to participate in equalization simultaneously to improve efficiency, it reliably prevents excessive local temperature rise caused by the simultaneous heating of adjacent batteries through the principle of spatial mutual exclusion. This enables the system to maximize equalization efficiency while ensuring safety, significantly improving the intelligence level and operational reliability of large-scale battery cluster consistency management.

[0119] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 The experiment compares the practical application effects of two equalization strategies in the same battery compartment of an energy storage power station. Two battery clusters from the same compartment were selected. Both clusters were configured as 1P384S cells, containing 16 1P24S battery cells. With an initial SOC of 12.5%, one cluster was upgraded to apply the proposed new equalization strategy, while the other retained the traditional strategy of "minimum cluster voltage plus a fixed threshold." To clearly demonstrate the equalization effect, only cells numbered 1 to 100 were selected as samples for the analysis. After the strategy upgrade, the entire station was placed in a static state for one week. Figure 3 and Figure 4 The text shows the changes in the voltage distribution of the two battery clusters during the week to compare the performance differences between the old and new strategies.

[0120] from Figure 3 and Figure 4As can be seen, in the initial stage of the experiment, there were several cells with very low voltage in both battery clusters. The traditional strategy uses the lowest cluster voltage plus a fixed threshold (40mV) as the equalization trigger condition, resulting in most cells meeting the equalization activation condition. Due to the characteristics of lithium iron phosphate batteries, low-voltage cells are often not in the voltage plateau region, and their voltage drops rapidly; while high-voltage cells are in the plateau region, and their voltage changes slowly. This difference in response exacerbates the dispersion of the voltage of the entire battery cluster, making the equalization effect counterproductive. In contrast, the strategy proposed in this paper uses the dynamic average cluster voltage as the criterion, prioritizing equalization for cells whose voltage is not lower than the average value. As the equalization process progresses, the average voltage gradually decreases, forming a gradual "lowering voltage" effect, causing the overall voltage to steadily converge towards the lowest cluster voltage, thereby achieving a better equalization effect.

[0121] Accordingly, please refer to Figure 5 A second aspect of the present invention provides a battery cluster passive equalization control device based on dynamic average voltage, which performs passive equalization control on battery clusters based on the above-mentioned dynamic average voltage-based passive equalization control. The control device includes:

[0122] Data acquisition module 1 is used to acquire the real-time voltage value of each individual cell in the battery cluster during the current control cycle, and to calculate the real-time average voltage of all individual cells in the battery cluster.

[0123] Target set construction module 2 is used to select several individual cells whose real-time voltage values ​​are greater than the average real-time voltage values ​​to obtain a candidate equalization target set.

[0124] The equalization control module 3 is used to select at least one single cell from the candidate equalization target set as the equalization target cell according to the real-time voltage value from high to low, and to perform equalization control on the equalization target cell.

[0125] The equalization control module 3 is also used to stop equalization control of the target battery when the battery cluster or the target battery meets the preset conditions.

[0126] Accordingly, a third aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device, including: at least one processor; and a memory connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor to cause the at least one processor to perform the above-described passive equalization control method for battery clusters based on dynamic average voltage.

[0127] Accordingly, a fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having computer instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implement the above-described passive equalization control method for battery clusters based on dynamic average voltage.

[0128] The embodiments of the present invention aim to protect a passive equalization control method and device for battery clusters based on dynamic average voltage, which has the following effects:

[0129] 1. By using a dynamically changing average voltage as the balancing benchmark and continuously refreshing the target, a smooth and adaptive "water recedes, boats descend" balancing process is achieved, enabling the overall voltage of the battery cluster to steadily converge towards the lowest voltage. This effectively solves the technical problem of low balancing efficiency and even exacerbation of voltage dispersion caused by the voltage plateau characteristics of lithium iron phosphate batteries in the traditional fixed threshold method, and significantly improves the overall consistency and usable capacity of the battery cluster.

[0130] 2. By introducing and strictly implementing the principle of selecting equalization targets based on mutual exclusion between adjacent cells, this solution ensures that at any given time, two cells that are physically adjacent will not simultaneously undergo equalization discharge. This distributes the heat generated during equalization evenly in space, effectively preventing the risk of battery module overheating due to local heat accumulation. While improving the equalization effect, it significantly enhances the safety and reliability of the system.

[0131] 3. The balancing strategy relies solely on the voltage monitoring capabilities and standard passive balancing hardware circuits commonly found in battery management systems (BMS), without requiring additional costs or complex active balancing devices. Furthermore, its core logic does not depend on the precise SOC (State of Charge) data of individual cells, thereby reducing the computational requirements of the BMS. This allows the efficient balancing method to be seamlessly applied to the vast majority of existing energy storage systems that only have the capability to estimate the SOC of the entire cluster, demonstrating strong compatibility and promotional value.

[0132] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0133] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0134] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0135] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0136] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A passive equalization control method for battery clusters based on dynamic average voltage, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Obtain the real-time voltage value of each individual cell in the battery cluster during the current control cycle, and calculate the average real-time voltage of all the individual cells in the battery cluster. Select several individual cells whose real-time voltage values ​​are greater than the average real-time voltage value to obtain a candidate equalization target set; Based on the real-time voltage values ​​from high to low, at least one of the individual cells in the candidate equalization target set is selected as the equalization target cell, and equalization control is performed on the equalization target cell. When the battery cluster or the target battery meets the preset conditions, the balancing control of the target battery is stopped.

2. The passive equalization control method for battery clusters based on dynamic average voltage according to claim 1, characterized in that, After selecting at least one individual cell from the candidate equalization target set as the equalization target cell in descending order of real-time voltage values, the method further includes: After determining the candidate equalization target set, the physical adjacent position relationship of each individual cell in the candidate equalization target set is identified; According to the real-time voltage values ​​from high to low, the current equalization enable state of several adjacent single cells that are directly adjacent to the candidate equalization target in the physical adjacent position relationship is obtained in sequence. If any adjacent cell is in the equilibrium enabled state, then the candidate equilibrium target is set to the equilibrium disabled state. If none of the directly adjacent neighboring cells of a candidate equilibrium target are in an equilibrium enabled state, then the candidate equilibrium target is taken as the equilibrium target cell. Control the closing of at least one of the equalization target batteries' equalization branch switching elements to initiate passive equalization.

3. The passive equalization control method for battery clusters based on dynamic average voltage according to claim 2, characterized in that, After selecting the candidate equalization target as the equalization target battery, the method further includes: If the directly adjacent neighboring cells of a neighboring cell contain other candidate equalization targets that have been allowed as equalization target cells, then the neighboring cell is considered to be in an equalization enabled state. If any directly adjacent neighboring cell of the current candidate equalization target has been allowed as the equalization target cell, then the current candidate equalization target is set to equalization prohibited state, so that when any two of the multiple candidate equalization targets are directly adjacent, only the candidate equalization target with the highest real-time voltage value is allowed as the equalization target cell.

4. The passive equalization control method for battery clusters based on dynamic average voltage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of stopping the balancing control of the target battery when the battery cluster or the target battery meets the preset conditions includes: When the real-time voltage difference of all individual cells in the battery cluster is less than a first preset voltage value, the equalization control of the target battery is stopped; or When the average voltage of all individual cells in the battery cluster is less than a second preset voltage value, the equalization control of the target battery is stopped; or When the real-time voltage difference of the target battery is less than the real-time average voltage of the battery cluster, the equalization control of the target battery is stopped.

5. The passive equalization control method for battery clusters based on dynamic average voltage according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before obtaining the real-time voltage value of each individual cell in the battery cluster during the current control cycle, the process also includes: The system status parameters of the battery cluster are obtained, including: hardware fault flags, master-slave communication status, temperature of each individual cell, and total current of the battery cluster. When the hardware fault flag indicates a fault-free state, the master-slave communication states are both in normal state, the temperature value of each individual battery cell is within the normal operating temperature range, and the total current of the battery cluster is lower than the static current threshold, the battery cluster is determined to be in an equilibrable state.

6. The passive equalization control method for battery clusters based on dynamic average voltage according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The battery cluster includes several battery compartments; The step of selecting several individual cells whose real-time voltage values ​​are greater than the average real-time voltage value to obtain a candidate equalization target set includes: In each battery pack, the cell with the highest real-time voltage value among several individual cells whose real-time voltage value is greater than the average real-time voltage value is selected as the local candidate equalization target of the battery pack. The candidate equilibrium target set of the battery cluster is constituted by the local candidate equilibrium targets of all the battery boxes.

7. The passive equalization control method for battery clusters based on dynamic average voltage according to claim 6, characterized in that, After constructing the candidate equilibrium target set for the battery cluster from the local candidate equilibrium targets of all the battery boxes, the method further includes: For all local candidate equilibrium targets in the candidate equilibrium target set, a global traversal is performed in descending order of real-time voltage values ​​in the current control cycle; For the local candidate equalization target currently being traversed, determine whether any single cell directly adjacent to it in the overall physical arrangement of the battery cluster has been identified as the equalization target cell. If any directly adjacent neighboring cell has been identified as the equalization target cell, then the current local candidate equalization target is excluded from the candidate equalization target set; If none of the directly adjacent neighboring cells are identified as the balancing target cells, then the current local candidate balancing target is identified as the balancing target cell, and balancing control is enabled for it.

8. A passive equalization control device for battery clusters based on dynamic average voltage, characterized in that, The passive equalization control of the battery cluster based on the dynamic average voltage as described in any one of claims 1-7 is used to perform passive equalization control on the battery cluster. The control device includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire the real-time voltage value of each individual cell in the battery cluster during the current control cycle, and to calculate the average real-time voltage of all the individual cells in the battery cluster. The target set construction module is used to select several individual cells whose real-time voltage values ​​are greater than the average real-time voltage values ​​to obtain a candidate equalization target set; The equalization control module is used to select at least one of the individual cells in the candidate equalization target set as equalization target cells in descending order of real-time voltage values, and to perform equalization control on the equalization target cells. The equalization control module is also used to stop equalization control of the target battery when the battery cluster or the target battery meets the preset conditions.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: At least one processor; And a memory connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor to cause the at least one processor to perform the battery cluster passive equalization control method based on dynamic average voltage as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, It stores computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the passive equalization control method for battery clusters based on dynamic average voltage as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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