Compressed air energy storage system based on multi-stage heat pipe heat exchanger and control method

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of compressed air energy storage technology. It proposes a compressed air energy storage system and control method based on a multi-stage heat pipe heat exchanger, solving the problems of low heat exchange efficiency, unclear heat storage stages, and low-temperature performance degradation of lithium-ion batteries in traditional compressed air energy storage systems. The system includes a four-stage series compressor and a three-stage series expander. By determining the compression or expansion mode and the medium-to-high temperature heat storage method, the system controls the operation by starting and stopping dual heating branches according to the temperature of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system. This invention enhances compression heat capture and expansion heat replenishment, improving energy recovery efficiency. The dual heating branches ensure the low-temperature operating performance of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system, preventing system failure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of compressed air energy storage technology, and in particular to a compressed air energy storage system and control method based on a multi-stage heat pipe heat exchanger. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] To reduce carbon dioxide emissions and expand the application of renewable energy, compressed air energy storage, as a typical mechanical energy storage method, boasts large storage capacity and mature, reliable technology, making it one of the most feasible energy storage technologies currently available. For compressed air energy storage systems, efficiency is crucial for their widespread commercialization.

[0004] For compressed air energy storage systems, the working process generally includes compression, storage, heating, expansion, and cooling. Compression releases a significant amount of heat; if this heat is not utilized effectively and is directly released into the environment, it leads to energy waste and reduces the overall efficiency of the compressed air energy storage system. Currently, the utilization of compression heat in compressed air energy storage systems mainly relies on the installation of heat storage devices, storing the heat released during compression in a heat exchanger within a heat storage medium. During expansion, sufficient heat from the compressed air is needed to ensure power generation efficiency and output. At this point, the energy stored in the heat storage device is used to heat the air through a heat exchanger, achieving high-efficiency power generation.

[0005] However, existing compressed air energy storage systems based on traditional heat exchange / storage devices still have the following problems: the temperature range of the heat storage medium is limited, making it difficult to match the needs of multi-stage compression and expansion; the heat exchange efficiency is low and the responsiveness is insufficient; and there is a large amount of pump power consumption in the heat storage process, which affects the overall efficiency of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a compressed air energy storage system and control method based on a multi-stage heat pipe heat exchanger, which significantly reduces the power consumption during the compression process, better utilizes the heat of compression, and increases the output power during the expansion process.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a compressed air energy storage system based on a multi-stage heat pipe heat exchanger.

[0009] A compressed air energy storage system based on a multi-stage heat pipe heat exchanger includes: a cold water tank, a medium-temperature heat storage tank, a high-temperature heat storage tank, a low-temperature oil tank, a two-stage heat pipe cooling device, a two-stage heat pipe heating device, an air heating branch of a lithium-ion battery energy storage system, a water heating branch of a lithium-ion battery energy storage system, an air storage chamber, a first-stage air compressor, a second-stage air compressor, a third-stage air compressor, and a fourth-stage air compressor connected in series, and a first-stage expander, a second-stage expander, and a third-stage expander connected in series.

[0010] The outlets of the first-stage air compressor, the second-stage air compressor, the third-stage air compressor, and the fourth-stage air compressor are respectively connected to the inlet of a two-stage heat pipe cooling device. The outlet of the two-stage heat pipe cooling device corresponding to the fourth-stage air compressor is divided into two paths: one path is directly connected to the inlet of the gas storage chamber, and the other path is connected to the inlet of the air heating branch of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system.

[0011] Each of the first-stage expander, second-stage expander, and third-stage expander is connected to a two-stage heat pipe heating device at its inlet. The outlet of the gas storage chamber is connected to the inlet of the two-stage heat pipe heating device before the first-stage expander. The two-stage heat pipe cooling device includes a medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism and a high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism. The two-stage heat pipe heating device includes a medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism and a high-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism.

[0012] The cold water tank is connected to the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism and the water heating branch of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system through different pipelines. The medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected to the medium-temperature heat storage tank. The low-temperature oil tank is connected to the high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism, and the high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected to the high-temperature heat storage tank. The medium-temperature heat storage tank is connected to the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism, the high-temperature heat storage tank is connected to the high-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism, and the water heating branch of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system is connected to the cold water tank.

[0013] In one implementation of the first aspect of the present invention, in the two-stage heat pipe cooling device corresponding to the first-stage air compressor, the inlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected to the outlet of the first-stage air compressor, and the outlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the second-stage air compressor.

[0014] In the two-stage heat pipe cooling device corresponding to the second-stage air compressor, the inlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected to the outlet of the second-stage air compressor, and the outlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the third-stage air compressor.

[0015] In the two-stage heat pipe cooling device corresponding to the third-stage air compressor, the inlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected to the outlet of the third-stage air compressor, and the outlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the fourth-stage air compressor.

[0016] In the two-stage heat pipe cooling device corresponding to the fourth-stage air compressor, the inlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected to the outlet of the fourth-stage air compressor, and the outlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank is divided into two paths and connected to the inlet of the gas storage chamber and the inlet of the air heating branch of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system, respectively.

[0017] The inlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank of each medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected to the outlet of the cold water tank through a pipeline with a solenoid valve, and the outlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the medium-temperature heat storage tank through a pipeline with a solenoid valve, forming a medium-temperature heat exchange circulation path with water as the working fluid.

[0018] In one implementation of the first aspect of the present invention, in the two-stage heat pipe cooling device corresponding to the first-stage air compressor, the inlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of the high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected to the outlet of the first-stage air compressor, and the outlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism in the same two-stage heat pipe cooling device.

[0019] In the two-stage heat pipe cooling device corresponding to the second-stage air compressor, the inlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of the high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected to the outlet of the second-stage air compressor, and the outlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism in the same two-stage heat pipe cooling device.

[0020] In the two-stage heat pipe cooling device corresponding to the third-stage air compressor, the inlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of the high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected to the outlet of the third-stage air compressor, and the outlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism in the same two-stage heat pipe cooling device.

[0021] In the two-stage heat pipe cooling device corresponding to the fourth-stage air compressor, the inlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of the high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected to the outlet of the fourth-stage air compressor, and the outlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism in the same two-stage heat pipe cooling device.

[0022] The inlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank of each high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected to the outlet of the low-temperature oil tank through a pipeline with a solenoid valve, and the outlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank through a pipeline with a solenoid valve, forming a high-temperature heat exchange circulation path with heat transfer oil as the working fluid.

[0023] In one implementation of the first aspect of the present invention, in the two-stage heat pipe heating device before the first-stage expander, the inlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism is connected to the outlet of the gas storage chamber, and the outlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the first-stage expander.

[0024] In the two-stage heat pipe heating device corresponding to the two-stage expander, the inlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism is connected to the outlet of the first-stage expander, and the outlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the second-stage expander.

[0025] In the two-stage heat pipe heating device corresponding to the three-stage expander, the inlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism is connected to the outlet of the second-stage expander, and the outlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the third-stage expander.

[0026] The inlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of each medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism is connected to the outlet of the medium-temperature heat storage tank through a pipeline with a solenoid valve, and the outlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the cold water tank through a pipeline with a solenoid valve, forming a medium-temperature heating working fluid circulation path.

[0027] In one implementation of the first aspect of the present invention, the air heating branch of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system includes a branch solenoid valve, a pressure regulating valve, and a flow regulating valve connected in series. The inlet of the branch solenoid valve is connected to the outlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism in the two-stage heat pipe cooling device corresponding to the fourth-stage air compressor through a pipeline. The outlet of the flow regulating valve is connected to the main road at the inlet of the gas storage chamber through a pipeline. The air heating branch of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system is also equipped with an air temperature sensor and a pressure sensor for real-time detection of the temperature and pressure of the compressed air in the branch.

[0028] In one implementation of the first aspect of the present invention, the water heating branch of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system includes a water supply pump, a water supply solenoid valve, a branch flow regulating valve, an inlet valve, and a return water solenoid valve connected in series between the outlet of the lithium-ion battery cooling plate channel and the cold water tank.

[0029] The inlet of the water supply pump is connected to the outlet of the cold water tank through a pipeline, and the outlet of the water inlet valve is connected to the inlet of the cooling plate flow channel through a pipeline. The cooling plate flow channel is in close contact with the surface of the lithium-ion battery. The cold water tank, water supply pump, water supply solenoid valve, branch flow regulating valve, water inlet valve, cooling plate flow channel, and return water solenoid valve are connected in sequence through pipelines to form a closed-loop water heating circuit.

[0030] In one implementation of the first aspect of the present invention, in the two-stage heat pipe heating device before the first-stage expander, the inlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank of the high-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism is connected to the outlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism in the same device, and the outlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the first-stage expander.

[0031] In the two-stage heat pipe heating device corresponding to the two-stage expander, the inlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank of the high-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism is connected to the outlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism in the same device, and the outlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the two-stage expander.

[0032] In the two-stage heat pipe heating device corresponding to the three-stage expander, the inlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank of the high-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism is connected to the outlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism in the same device, and the outlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the three-stage expander.

[0033] The inlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of each high-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism is connected to the outlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank through a pipeline with a solenoid valve, and the outlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the low-temperature oil tank through a pipeline with a solenoid valve, forming a circulation path for the high-temperature heating working fluid.

[0034] Secondly, the present invention provides a compressed air energy storage control method based on a multi-stage heat pipe heat exchanger.

[0035] A compressed air energy storage control method based on a multi-stage heat pipe heat exchanger, utilizing the compressed air energy storage system based on a multi-stage heat pipe heat exchanger of the first aspect of the present invention, includes the following processes:

[0036] The operating mode is determined to be either a compression energy storage process or an expansion energy release process, and the thermal storage method is determined to be either a medium-temperature thermal storage method or a high-temperature thermal storage method.

[0037] If it is determined to be a compression energy storage process and a medium-temperature heat storage method, start the first-stage air compressor, the second-stage air compressor, the third-stage air compressor and the fourth-stage air compressor. The compressors run at a medium compression ratio. Open the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism passage in the two-stage heat pipe cooling device and close the high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism passage. The compressed air flows through the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism and then enters the next stage air compressor.

[0038] If it is determined to be a compression energy storage process and a high-temperature heat storage method, the first-stage air compressor, the second-stage air compressor, the third-stage air compressor and the fourth-stage air compressor are started. Each compressor operates at a high compression ratio. The passages of the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism and the high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism in the two-stage heat pipe cooling device are opened. The compressed air first flows through the high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism for cooling, and then flows through the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism for cooling. After two cooling cycles, it enters the next stage air compressor.

[0039] During system operation, the temperature of the lithium-ion battery in the lithium-ion battery energy storage system is monitored in real time. If the lithium-ion battery temperature is less than or equal to 0°C, the water supply pump of the water heating branch of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system is started, the water heating branch is opened, and the water in the cold water tank is used to heat the lithium-ion battery. The heated water flows back to the cold water tank. If the lithium-ion battery temperature is higher than 20°C, the water supply pump of the water heating branch is stopped, and the water heating branch is closed.

[0040] During the compressed energy storage process, after the air undergoes four stages of compression and cooling, if the lithium-ion battery temperature is less than or equal to 0°C, the air heating branch and the gas storage chamber inlet of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system are opened. Part of the compressed air flows into the air heating branch, and after the pressure is regulated by the pressure regulating valve and the flow rate is regulated by the flow regulating valve in the branch, it heats the lithium-ion battery. The other part of the compressed air flows directly into the gas storage chamber for storage. If the lithium-ion battery temperature is greater than 20°C, the air heating branch is closed.

[0041] During the compression energy storage process, after the air undergoes four stages of compression and cooling, if the temperature of the lithium-ion battery is higher than 0°C, all the compressed air flows directly into the storage chamber for storage. The pressure in the storage chamber is monitored, and when the pressure reaches a safe threshold, all compressors are stopped, terminating the compression energy storage process.

[0042] If it is determined to be an expansion and energy release process, first detect the pressure in the gas storage chamber. When the pressure is lower than the preset low limit, directly terminate the expansion and energy release process.

[0043] If the process is determined to be an expansion and energy release process, and the pressure in the gas storage chamber is higher than the preset low limit and the oil temperature in the high-temperature heat storage tank is higher than 200°C, the high-temperature heat storage mode for expansion and energy release is activated, and the two-stage heat pipe heating device operates in the high-temperature heat storage mode. The outlet passage of the gas storage chamber is opened, and the air first enters the two-stage heat pipe heating device before the first-stage expander. After being heated by the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism, it is then heated by the high-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism. The heated air enters the first-stage expander to expand and do work. The air discharged from the first-stage expander sequentially enters the two-stage heat pipe heating device corresponding to the second-stage expander, the second-stage expander, and the two-stage heat pipe heating device corresponding to the third-stage expander, and the third-stage expander, completing the entire process of expansion and energy release.

[0044] If it is determined to be an expansion and energy release process, and the pressure in the gas storage chamber is higher than the preset low limit and the oil temperature in the high-temperature heat storage tank is lower than 200°C, the medium-temperature heat storage mode for expansion and energy release is activated, so that the two-stage heat pipe heating device operates in the medium-temperature heat storage mode, the outlet passage of the gas storage chamber is opened, and the air enters the two-stage heat pipe heating device corresponding to each stage of the expander in sequence, and after being heated, it enters the corresponding expander to expand and do work, thus completing the entire process of expansion and energy release.

[0045] During the expansion and energy release process, the pressure in the gas storage chamber is continuously monitored. When the pressure is lower than the preset low limit, all expanders are stopped and the expansion and energy release process is terminated.

[0046] In one implementation of the second aspect of the present invention, when the air flows through the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism for cooling, the water in the cold water tank simultaneously enters the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism, absorbs the heat released by the compressed air, and then flows into the medium-temperature heat storage tank for storage.

[0047] When air flows through the high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism, the heat transfer oil in the low-temperature oil tank simultaneously enters the high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism, absorbs the heat released by the compressed air, and then flows into the high-temperature heat storage tank for storage; when air flows through the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism, the water in the cold water tank simultaneously enters the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism, absorbs the heat, and then flows into the medium-temperature heat storage tank for storage.

[0048] In one implementation of the second aspect of the present invention, the two-stage heat pipe heating device operates in a high-temperature heat storage mode, including: opening the passages of the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism and the high-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism in the two-stage heat pipe heating device; hot water in the medium-temperature heat storage tank enters the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism to release heat and then flows back to the cold water tank; heat transfer oil in the high-temperature heat storage tank enters the high-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism to release heat and then flows back to the low-temperature oil tank.

[0049] The two-stage heat pipe heating device operates in medium-temperature heat storage mode, including: opening the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism passage in the two-stage heat pipe heating device, closing the high-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism passage, and then returning the hot water in the medium-temperature heat storage tank to the cold water tank after releasing heat through the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0051] This invention integrates a four-stage series compressor, a three-stage series expander, and a two-stage heat pipe cooling / heating device for each compressor / expander. Combined with a cold water tank, a medium-high temperature heat storage tank, a low-temperature oil tank, and a dual heating branch for the lithium-ion battery, this system solves the technical problems of low heat exchange efficiency, unclear heat storage grading, and low-temperature performance degradation of lithium-ion batteries in traditional compressed air energy storage. It overcomes the shortcomings of single heat exchange mechanisms that cannot adapt to heat exchange requirements in different temperature ranges. Through the combination of a medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism (using water as the working fluid) and a high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism (using heat transfer oil as the working fluid), precise heat exchange is achieved at different compression temperatures, improving energy recovery efficiency during the energy storage process. The two-stage heat pipe device enhances the capture of compression heat and the replenishment of heat before expansion, reducing energy loss and avoiding the problem of decreased charge / discharge performance of lithium-ion batteries in low-temperature environments. The dual heating branch provides stable temperature control for the battery while avoiding the limitations of a single heating method, ensuring stable operation of the system over a wide temperature range.

[0052] This solution, utilizing compression / expansion mode determination, switching between medium and high-temperature thermal storage methods, start-stop control of dual heating branches for lithium-ion batteries, and parameter threshold regulation, solves the technical problems of traditional energy storage systems, such as coarse switching of operating modes, poor coordination between thermal storage and heat exchange, and inappropriate timing of lithium-ion battery heating. It overcomes the shortcomings of traditional control systems, such as delayed mode switching and a single heating strategy. By precisely determining the operating mode through the compressor outlet temperature and the oil temperature of the high-temperature thermal storage tank, seamless switching between medium and high-temperature thermal storage is achieved, improving the system's operational flexibility and energy utilization efficiency. During compression, dual heating branches are activated as needed to avoid energy waste; during expansion, staged heating ensures efficient expansion work. It avoids energy loss caused by improper mode switching. Lithium-ion battery temperature threshold control (activated at ≤0℃, deactivated at >20℃) prevents overheating or low-temperature failure, while pressure threshold control of the gas storage chamber avoids overpressure risks, ensuring safe and efficient system operation.

[0053] Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0054] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0055] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a compressed air energy storage system based on a multi-stage heat pipe heat exchanger, provided as an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a two-stage heat pipe cooling device provided as an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a two-stage heat pipe heating device provided as an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a heat pipe structure is provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 5 A performance improvement diagram of operating parameters provided as an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Among them, 101, cryogenic oil return solenoid valve; 102, cryogenic oil tank; 103, high-temperature heat storage tank; 104, high-temperature heat storage tank oil supply solenoid valve; 105, high-temperature heat transfer oil supply pump; 106, two-stage heat pipe cooling device; 107, flow regulating valve for air heating branch of lithium-ion battery energy storage system; 108, lithium-ion battery energy storage system; 109, heating water inlet valve for lithium-ion battery energy storage system; 110, air heating branch of lithium-ion battery energy storage system. 111. Pressure regulating valve for the air heating branch of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system; 112. First-stage air compressor; 113. Second-stage air compressor; 114. Third-stage air compressor; 115. Fourth-stage air compressor; 116. Air inlet solenoid valve for the storage chamber; 117. Storage chamber; 118. Air outlet solenoid valve for the storage chamber; 119. Two-stage heat pipe heating device; 120. First-stage expander; 121. Second-stage expander; 122. Third-stage expander 123. Generator; 124. Medium-temperature thermal storage tank outlet solenoid valve; 125. Medium-temperature thermal storage working fluid supply pump; 126. Medium-temperature thermal storage tank return water solenoid valve; 127. Cold water pump; 128. Recooler; 129. Medium-temperature thermal storage tank; 130. Cold water tank outlet solenoid valve; 131. Cold water tank return water solenoid valve; 132. Cold water tank; 133. Lithium-ion battery energy storage system heating water supply pump; 134. Lithium-ion battery energy storage system heating water flow rate regulator. 135. Solenoid valve for supplying heating water to a lithium-ion battery energy storage system; 136. Solenoid valve for returning heating water to a lithium-ion battery energy storage system; 137. First-stage air compressor drive motor; 138. Second-stage air compressor drive motor; 139. Third-stage air compressor drive motor; 140. Fourth-stage air compressor drive motor; 141. Cryogenic oil pump; 142. Cryogenic oil tank outlet solenoid valve; 143. High-temperature thermal storage tank return oil solenoid valve;

[0061] 201. Inlet of the heat exchange tank for the condensing section of the high-temperature heat pipe; 202. Solenoid valve for the inlet of the heat exchange tank for the first high-temperature heat pipe condensing section; 203. Heat exchange tank for the condensing section of the high-temperature heat pipe; 204. Solenoid valve for the outlet of the heat exchange tank for the condensing section of the high-temperature heat pipe; 205. Outlet of the heat exchange tank for the condensing section of the high-temperature heat pipe; 206. First high-temperature heat pipe; 207. Heat exchange tank for the evaporating section of the first high-temperature heat pipe; 208. Air outlet of the two-stage heat pipe cooling device; 209. Solenoid valve for the outlet of the heat exchange tank for the evaporating section of the first medium-temperature heat pipe; 210. Heat exchange tank for the evaporating section of the first medium-temperature heat pipe; 211. Outlet of the heat exchange tank for the condensing section of the first medium-temperature heat pipe; 212. 213. Solenoid valve at the outlet of the heat exchange tank of the first medium-temperature heat pipe condensing section; 214. Solenoid valve at the inlet of the first medium-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank; 215. Inlet of the first medium-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank; 216. First medium-temperature heat pipe; 217. Solenoid valve from the air inlet of the two-stage heat pipe cooling device to the heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe evaporating section; 218. Air inlet of the two-stage heat pipe cooling device; 219. Solenoid valve from the outlet of the heat exchange tank of the high-temperature heat pipe evaporating section to the heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe evaporating section; 220. Solenoid valve from the air inlet of the two-stage heat pipe cooling device to the heat exchange tank of the high-temperature heat pipe evaporating section.

[0062] 301. Outlet of heat exchange tank in evaporation section of medium-temperature heat pipe; 302. Solenoid valve at the outlet of heat exchange tank in evaporation section of second medium-temperature heat pipe; 303. Heat exchange tank in evaporation section of second medium-temperature heat pipe; 304. Solenoid valve at the inlet of heat exchange tank in evaporation section of medium-temperature heat pipe; 305. Inlet of heat exchange tank in evaporation section of medium-temperature heat pipe; 306. Second medium-temperature heat pipe; 307. Inlet of heat exchange tank in condensation section of second medium-temperature heat pipe; 308. Solenoid valve at the inlet of heat exchange tank in condensation section of second medium-temperature heat pipe; 309. Heat exchange tank in condensation section of second medium-temperature heat pipe; 310. Solenoid valve at the inlet of heat exchange tank in condensation section of second high-temperature heat pipe; 311. Second high-temperature heat pipe 312. Inlet of the heat exchange tank in the high-temperature heat pipe evaporation section; 313. Solenoid valve at the inlet of the heat exchange tank in the high-temperature heat pipe evaporation section; 314. Heat exchange tank in the second high-temperature heat pipe evaporation section; 315. Solenoid valve at the outlet of the high-temperature heat pipe evaporation section; 316. Outlet of the high-temperature heat pipe evaporation section; 317. Outlet of the high-temperature heat pipe condensation section; 318. Solenoid valve at the outlet of the high-temperature heat pipe condensation section; 319. Solenoid valve for the passage from the outlet of the medium-temperature heat pipe condensation section heat exchange tank to the high-temperature heat pipe condensation section heat exchange tank; 320. Outlet of the heat exchange tank in the second medium-temperature heat pipe condensation section; 321. Solenoid valve for the passage from the outlet of the medium-temperature heat pipe condensation section heat exchange tank to the expander.

[0063] 401. Heat pipe evaporator section connecting piece; 402. Heat pipe evaporator section; 403. Heat pipe insulation section; 404. Heat pipe condenser section; 405. Heat pipe condenser section connecting piece. Detailed Implementation

[0064] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0065] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further illustration of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0066] This implementation proposes a compressed air energy storage system based on a multi-stage heat pipe heat exchanger, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes: a cold water tank 132, a medium-temperature heat storage tank 129, a high-temperature heat storage tank 103, a low-temperature oil tank 102, a two-stage heat pipe cooling device 106, a two-stage heat pipe heating device 119, an air heating branch of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system, a water heating branch of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system, a gas storage chamber 117, and a four-stage compression-three-stage expansion compressed air energy storage system body. The four-stage compression-three-stage expansion compressed air energy storage system body includes: a first-stage air compressor drive motor 137, a second-stage air compressor drive motor 138, a third-stage air compressor drive motor 139, a fourth-stage air compressor drive motor 140, a first-stage air compressor 112, a second-stage air compressor 113, a third-stage air compressor 114, a fourth-stage air compressor 115, a gas storage chamber inlet solenoid valve 116, a gas storage chamber 117, a gas storage chamber outlet solenoid valve 118, a first-stage expander 120, a second-stage expander 121, a third-stage expander 122, and a generator 123.

[0067] The outlets of the first-stage air compressor 112, the second-stage air compressor 113, the third-stage air compressor 114, and the fourth-stage air compressor 115 are respectively connected to the inlet of a two-stage heat pipe cooling device 106. The outlet of the two-stage heat pipe cooling device 106 corresponding to the fourth-stage air compressor 115 is divided into two paths: one path is directly connected to the inlet of the air storage chamber 117, and the other path is connected to the inlet of the air heating branch of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system.

[0068] The inlets of the primary expander 120, secondary expander 121, and tertiary expander 122 are each connected to a two-stage heat pipe heating device 119. The outlet of the gas storage chamber 117 is connected to the inlet of the two-stage heat pipe heating device 119 before the primary expander 120. The two-stage heat pipe cooling device 106 includes a medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism and a high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism. Its function is to cool the compressed air, reduce compression power consumption, and export and store the compression heat, thereby improving the overall system efficiency. Among them, the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is mainly used when the temperature of the compressed air is less than 200°C. When the temperature of the compressed air is less than 200°C, the compressed air enters the heat exchange tank of the evaporation section of the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism for cooling before flowing out into the next stage air compressor or directly into the gas storage chamber 117. When the temperature of the compressed air is greater than 200°C, the air first passes through the heat exchange tank of the evaporation section of the high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism and then through the heat exchange tank of the evaporation section of the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism, undergoing two stages of cooling before flowing out. In medium-temperature heat pipe cooling systems, water is used as the working fluid. Before the heat pipe is encapsulated, a vacuum pump is used to evacuate the internal pressure to near-vacuum, lowering the boiling point of water to below 40°C. High-temperature heat pipe cooling systems use heat transfer oil as the working fluid. Before the heat pipe is encapsulated, a vacuum pump is also used to evacuate the internal pressure to near-vacuum, lowering the boiling point of the heat transfer oil to between 150-200°C.

[0069] The two-stage heat pipe heating device 119 includes a medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism and a high-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism. Its function is to heat the air before it needs to expand and release energy, thereby increasing its work capacity. When the entire compressed air energy storage system operates in the medium-temperature heat storage mode, the air flows into the condenser section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism for heating, and then enters the next stage expander 120. When the entire compressed air energy storage system operates in the high-temperature heat storage mode, the air first flows into the condenser section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism for heating, and then enters the condenser section heat exchange tank of the high-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism for heating. After two stages of heating, the air enters the expander.

[0070] The cold water tank 132 is connected to the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism and the water heating branch of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system through different pipelines. The medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected to the medium-temperature heat storage tank 129. The low-temperature oil tank 102 is connected to the high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism, and the high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected to the high-temperature heat storage tank 103. The medium-temperature heat storage tank 129 is connected to the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism, the high-temperature heat storage tank 103 is connected to the high-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism, and the water heating branch of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system is connected to the cold water tank 132.

[0071] In this implementation, in the two-stage heat pipe cooling device 106 corresponding to the first-stage air compressor 112, the inlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected to the outlet of the first-stage air compressor 112, and the outlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the second-stage air compressor 113; in the two-stage heat pipe cooling device 106 corresponding to the second-stage air compressor 113, the inlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected to the outlet of the second-stage air compressor 113, and the outlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the third-stage air compressor 114; in the two-stage heat pipe cooling device 106 corresponding to the third-stage air compressor 114, the inlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected to the inlet of the third-stage air compressor 114. The outlet of the air compressor 114 and the outlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank are connected to the inlet of the fourth-stage air compressor 115. In the two-stage heat pipe cooling device 106 corresponding to the fourth-stage air compressor 115, the inlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected to the outlet of the fourth-stage air compressor 115, and the outlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank is divided into two paths and connected to the inlet of the gas storage chamber 117 and the inlet of the air heating branch of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system, respectively. The inlets of the condensation section heat exchange tanks of each medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism are all connected to the outlet of the cold water tank 132 through pipelines with solenoid valves, and the outlets of the condensation section heat exchange tanks are all connected to the inlet of the medium-temperature heat storage tank 129 through pipelines with solenoid valves, forming a medium-temperature heat exchange circulation path with water as the working fluid.

[0072] In this implementation, in the two-stage heat pipe cooling device 106 corresponding to the first-stage air compressor 112, the inlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of the high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected to the outlet of the first-stage air compressor 112, and the outlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism in the same two-stage heat pipe cooling device; in the two-stage heat pipe cooling device 106 corresponding to the second-stage air compressor 113, the inlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of the high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected to the outlet of the second-stage air compressor 113, and the outlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism in the same two-stage heat pipe cooling device; in the two-stage heat pipe cooling device 106 corresponding to the third-stage air compressor 114, the evaporation section heat exchange tank of the high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism... The inlet of the heat exchange tank is connected to the outlet of the third-stage air compressor 114, and the outlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism in the same two-stage heat pipe cooling device. In the two-stage heat pipe cooling device 106 corresponding to the fourth-stage air compressor 115, the inlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of the high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected to the outlet of the fourth-stage air compressor 115, and the outlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism in the same two-stage heat pipe cooling device. The inlets of the condensation section heat exchange tanks of each high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism are all connected to the outlet of the low-temperature oil tank 102 through pipelines with solenoid valves, and the outlets of the condensation section heat exchange tanks are all connected to the inlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank 103 through pipelines with solenoid valves, forming a high-temperature heat exchange circulation path with heat transfer oil as the working fluid.

[0073] In this implementation, in the two-stage heat pipe heating device 119 before the first-stage expander 120, the inlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism is connected to the outlet of the gas storage chamber 117, and the outlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the first-stage expander 120; in the two-stage heat pipe heating device 119 corresponding to the second-stage expander 121, the inlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism is connected to the outlet of the first-stage expander 120, and the outlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the second-stage expander 121; in the two-stage heat pipe heating device 119 corresponding to the third-stage expander 122, the inlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism is connected to the outlet of the second-stage expander 121, and the outlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the third-stage expander 122; the inlet of the evaporating section heat exchange tank of each medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism is connected to the outlet of the medium-temperature heat storage tank 129 through a pipeline with a solenoid valve, and the outlet of the evaporating section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the cold water tank 132 through a pipeline with a solenoid valve, forming a medium-temperature heating working fluid circulation path.

[0074] In this implementation, the air heating branch of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system is located after the two-stage heat pipe cooling device 106 configured in the fourth-stage air compressor 115 and before the air storage chamber 117. The function of this branch is to depressurize and regulate the compressed air before introducing it into the lithium-ion battery energy storage system 108 to heat the batteries when the lithium-ion battery temperature is low (generally below 0°C), thereby reducing the energy consumption of the lithium-ion battery heating system. The air heating branch of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system includes a branch solenoid valve, a pressure regulating valve, and a flow regulating valve connected in series. The inlet of the branch solenoid valve is connected via a pipeline to the outlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism in the two-stage heat pipe cooling device 106 corresponding to the fourth-stage air compressor 115. The outlet of the flow regulating valve is connected via a pipeline to the main line at the inlet of the air storage chamber 117. An air temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are also provided on the air heating branch of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system to detect the temperature and pressure of the compressed air in the branch in real time.

[0075] In this implementation, in the two-stage heat pipe heating device 119 before the first-stage expander 120, the inlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank of the high-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism is connected to the outlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism in the same device, and the outlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the first-stage expander 120; in the two-stage heat pipe heating device 119 corresponding to the second-stage expander 121, the inlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank of the high-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism is connected to the outlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism in the same device, and the outlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the second-stage expander 120. 21 Inlet; In the two-stage heat pipe heating device 119 corresponding to the three-stage expander 122, the inlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank of the high-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism is connected to the outlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank of the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism in the same set of devices, and the outlet of the condensing section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the three-stage expander 122; The inlet of the evaporating section heat exchange tank of each high-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism is connected to the outlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank 103 through a pipeline with a solenoid valve, and the outlet of the evaporating section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the low-temperature oil tank 102 through a pipeline with a solenoid valve, forming a high-temperature heating working fluid circulation path.

[0076] In this implementation, in the two-stage heat pipe cooling device 106, the working fluid of the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is water. Before the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is encapsulated, a vacuum pump is used to evacuate its internal pressure to near vacuum, so that the boiling point of water is reduced to below 40°C. The working fluid of the high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is heat transfer oil. Before the high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is encapsulated, a vacuum pump is used to evacuate its internal pressure to near vacuum, so that the boiling point of the heat transfer oil is controlled between 150°C and 200°C.

[0077] In this implementation, the first-stage air compressor 112, the second-stage air compressor 113, the third-stage air compressor 114, and the fourth-stage air compressor 115 are all variable frequency compressors. Temperature and pressure sensors are installed on the air ducts at the inlet and outlet of the first-stage air compressor 112, the second-stage air compressor 113, the third-stage air compressor 114, and the fourth-stage air compressor 115. Temperature and pressure sensors are also installed on the air ducts at the inlet and outlet of the first-stage expander 120, the second-stage expander 121, and the third-stage expander 122. All temperature and pressure sensors are used to collect air temperature and pressure data at the corresponding locations.

[0078] When the compressed air energy storage system is in the compression energy storage process, the first-stage air compressor drive motor 137, the second-stage air compressor drive motor 138, the third-stage air compressor drive motor 139, and the fourth-stage air compressor drive motor 140 start working, respectively driving the first-stage air compressor 112, the second-stage air compressor 113, the third-stage air compressor 114, and the fourth-stage air compressor 115 to start the compressed air process. Air flows from the first-stage air compressor 112 into the two-stage heat pipe cooling device 106, and after exiting the two-stage heat pipe cooling device 106, it sequentially passes through the second-stage air compressor 113 and the subsequent two-stage heat pipe cooling device, the third-stage air compressor 114 and the subsequent two-stage heat pipe cooling device, and the fourth-stage air compressor 115 and the subsequent two-stage heat pipe cooling device. Subsequently, according to control commands, all the air enters the storage chamber 117 through the storage chamber inlet solenoid valve 116 for storage; or part of the air enters the storage chamber 117 through the storage chamber inlet solenoid valve 116 for storage, and part of the air flows through the lithium-ion battery energy storage system air heating branch solenoid valve 111, then is pressure regulated by the lithium-ion battery energy storage system air heating branch pressure regulating valve 110, and then the flow rate is regulated by the lithium-ion battery energy storage system air heating branch flow regulating valve 107 before entering the lithium-ion battery energy storage system 108 for air heating, thereby improving the operating efficiency of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system at low temperatures.

[0079] When the compressed air energy storage system is in the expansion and energy release process, the air outlet solenoid valve 118 of the air storage chamber is opened. The air in the air storage chamber 117 is first heated by the two-stage heat pipe heating device 119 and then expanded by the first-stage expander 120 to do work. The subsequent two stages of air flow through the matching two-stage heat pipe heating device before entering the corresponding expander, and finally complete the three-stage expansion and work process. The first-stage expander 120, the second-stage expander 121, and the third-stage expander 122 are coaxially connected to the generator 123 to generate electricity, completing the entire expansion and work process.

[0080] Two-stage heat pipe cooling device components such as Figure 2As shown, the air passage operation mode of the two-stage heat pipe cooling device is as follows: If the system operates in the medium-temperature heat storage mode, the solenoid valve 217 from the air inlet of the two-stage heat pipe cooling device to the medium-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank and the solenoid valve 209 from the outlet of the first medium-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank are open. The solenoid valve 220 from the air inlet of the two-stage heat pipe cooling device to the high-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank and the solenoid valve 219 from the outlet of the high-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank to the medium-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank are closed. Air flows into the two-stage heat pipe cooling device from the air inlet 218, flows through the solenoid valve 217 from the air inlet of the two-stage heat pipe cooling device to the medium-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank, enters the first medium-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank 210 after cooling, and then flows out. Subsequently, it flows through the solenoid valve 209 from the outlet of the first medium-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank and then flows out through the air outlet 208 of the two-stage heat pipe cooling device to enter the next stage air compressor. If the system operates in high-temperature heat storage mode, the solenoid valves 220 (air inlet to high-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchanger), 219 (outlet to medium-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchanger), and 209 (outlet to first medium-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchanger) of the two-stage heat pipe cooling device are open, and the solenoid valve 217 (air inlet to medium-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchanger) is closed. Air flows into the two-stage heat pipe cooling device from the air inlet 218, passing through the air inlet and outlet of the two-stage heat pipe cooling device. After passing through the solenoid valve 220 of the high-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank, the water enters the first high-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank 207. After being cooled by the first high-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank 207, the water flows out and passes through the outlet of the high-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank to the solenoid valve 219 of the medium-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank. After being cooled by the first medium-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank 210, the water flows out and then passes through the outlet solenoid valve 209 of the first medium-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank. Finally, the water flows out through the air outlet 208 of the two-stage heat pipe cooling device and enters the next stage air compressor.

[0081] The water passage operation mode of the two-stage heat pipe cooling device is as follows: If the system operates in the medium-temperature heat storage mode, the cold water pump 127 is started, and the cold water tank outlet solenoid valve 130, the inlet solenoid valve 214 of the first medium-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank, the outlet solenoid valve 212 of the medium-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank, and the return water solenoid valve 126 of the medium-temperature heat storage tank are opened. The lower temperature water in the cold water tank 132 passes through the cold water tank outlet solenoid valve 130 and the cold water pump 127, and then enters the first medium-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank 213 through the inlet 215 and the inlet solenoid valve 214 of the first medium-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank. After the lower temperature water cools the water vapor in the medium-temperature heat pipe condensing section, the water temperature rises and flows out from the outlet 211 of the first medium-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank through the outlet solenoid valve 212 of the medium-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank, and then flows into the medium-temperature heat storage tank 129 through the return water solenoid valve 126 of the medium-temperature heat storage tank. If the system operates in high-temperature thermal storage mode, in addition to the water passage operating as described above in the medium-temperature thermal storage mode, the heat transfer oil passage of the high-temperature heat pipe condensing section needs to be opened simultaneously. At this time, the low-temperature oil tank outlet solenoid valve 142, the inlet solenoid valve 202 of the first high-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank, the outlet solenoid valve 204 of the high-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank, and the high-temperature thermal storage tank return solenoid valve 143 are opened, the low-temperature oil pump 141 is started, and the lower-temperature heat transfer oil flows out from the low-temperature oil tank 102, through the low-temperature oil tank outlet solenoid valve 142 and the low-temperature oil pump 141, through the inlet 201 of the high-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank and the inlet solenoid valve 202 of the first high-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank, into the high-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank 203. After the heat exchange temperature rises, it flows out from the outlet solenoid valve 204 and the outlet 205 of the high-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank, and finally flows into the high-temperature thermal storage tank 103 through the high-temperature thermal storage tank return solenoid valve 143.

[0082] Two-stage heat pipe heating device components such as Figure 3As shown, the air passage operation mode of the two-stage heat pipe heating device is as follows: If the system operates in the medium-temperature heat storage mode, the inlet solenoid valve 308 of the second medium-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank and the solenoid valve 321 of the passage from the outlet of the medium-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank to the expander are open. The solenoid valve 319 of the passage from the outlet of the medium-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank to the high-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank, the inlet solenoid valve 310 of the second high-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank, and the outlet solenoid valve 318 of the high-temperature heat pipe condensing section are closed. The air released from the air storage chamber 117 first passes through the inlet 307 and the inlet solenoid valve 308 of the second medium-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank and enters the second medium-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank 309. After being heated by the medium-temperature heat pipe, it flows through the outlet of the medium-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank to the expander passage solenoid valve 321 and flows out from the outlet 320 of the second medium-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank. If the system operates in the high-temperature heat storage mode, the inlet solenoid valve 308 of the second medium-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank and the outlet solenoid valve 321 of the second medium-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank are closed. Solenoid valve 308, solenoid valve 319 (from the outlet of the medium-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank to the high-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank), solenoid valve 310 (the inlet of the second high-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank), and solenoid valve 318 (the outlet of the high-temperature heat pipe condensing section) are open. Solenoid valve 321 (from the outlet of the medium-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank to the expander) is closed. The air released from the gas storage chamber 117 first passes through the inlet 307 and the inlet solenoid valve 308 of the second medium-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank and enters the second medium-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank 309. After being heated by the medium-temperature heat pipe, it flows through the solenoid valve 319 (from the outlet of the medium-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank to the high-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank) and the inlet solenoid valve 310 of the second high-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank, and enters the high-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank. After being heated in the high-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank, it flows out of the high-temperature heat pipe condensing section outlet 317 through the high-temperature heat pipe condensing section outlet solenoid valve 318. This is a two-stage heat pipe heating device.

[0083] The water circuit operation mode of the two-stage heat pipe heating device is as follows: If the system operates in the medium-temperature heat storage mode, the medium-temperature heat storage tank outlet solenoid valve 124, the medium-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank inlet solenoid valve 304, the second medium-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank outlet solenoid valve 302, and the cold water tank return solenoid valve 131 are opened. The medium-temperature heat storage working fluid supply pump 125 starts working, and high-temperature water flows out from the medium-temperature heat storage tank 129, passes through the medium-temperature heat storage tank outlet solenoid valve 124, and the medium-temperature heat storage working fluid supply pump 125 from the medium-temperature heat pipe evaporation section. The heat exchange tank inlet 305 enters the second medium-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank 303 via the medium-temperature heat pipe evaporation section inlet solenoid valve 304 to heat the working fluid in the medium-temperature heat pipe. After heating, the cooler water flows out from the second medium-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank 303, flows out via the second medium-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank outlet solenoid valve 302 and the medium-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank outlet 301, is further cooled by the recooler 128, and finally flows into the cold water tank 132 via the cold water tank return solenoid valve 131; if the system uses high In the medium-temperature thermal storage mode, in addition to the water passage operating as described above in the medium-temperature thermal storage mode, the heat transfer oil passage of the high-temperature heat pipe evaporation section needs to be opened simultaneously. At this time, the high-temperature thermal storage tank oil supply solenoid valve 104, the high-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank inlet solenoid valve 313, the high-temperature heat pipe evaporation section outlet solenoid valve 315, and the low-temperature oil return solenoid valve 101 are opened, the high-temperature heat transfer oil supply pump 105 is started, and the high-temperature heat transfer oil flows out from the high-temperature thermal storage tank 103, through the high-temperature thermal storage tank oil supply solenoid valve 104, the high-temperature heat transfer oil supply pump 105, and the low-temperature oil return solenoid valve 101. After 05, the high-temperature heat transfer oil flows into the two-stage heat pipe heating device from the inlet 312 of the heat exchange tank of the high-temperature heat pipe evaporation section. In the two-stage heat pipe heating device, the high-temperature heat transfer oil enters the heat exchange tank 314 of the second high-temperature heat pipe evaporation section through the inlet solenoid valve 313 of the high-temperature heat pipe evaporation section to heat the working fluid in the second high-temperature heat pipe 311. Subsequently, the heat transfer oil flows out of the two-stage heat pipe heating device from the outlet 316 of the high-temperature heat pipe evaporation section through the outlet solenoid valve 315 of the high-temperature heat pipe evaporation section and flows into the low-temperature oil tank 102 through the low-temperature oil return solenoid valve 101.

[0084] The air heating branch of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system consists of a solenoid valve 111, a pressure regulating valve 110, and a flow regulating valve 107. If the battery temperature in the lithium-ion battery energy storage system 108 is less than 0°C and the compressed air energy storage system is in the compressed air energy storage process, the solenoid valve 111 opens. The compressed air is then pressurized by the pressure regulating valve 110, and its flow rate is regulated by the flow regulating valve 107 before entering the air passage in the lithium-ion battery energy storage system 108.

[0085] The water heating branch of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system consists of a lithium-ion battery energy storage system heating water supply solenoid valve 135, a lithium-ion battery energy storage system heating water supply pump 133, a lithium-ion battery energy storage system heating water flow regulating valve 134, a lithium-ion battery energy storage system heating water inlet valve 109, and a lithium-ion battery energy storage system heating water return solenoid valve 136. If the battery temperature in the lithium-ion battery energy storage system 108 is less than 0°C, the lithium-ion battery energy storage system heating water supply solenoid valve 135, the lithium-ion battery energy storage system heating water inlet valve 109, and the lithium-ion battery energy storage system heating water return solenoid valve 136 are opened, and the lithium-ion battery energy storage system heating water supply pump 133 is started. The water in the cold water tank 132 passes through the lithium-ion battery energy storage system heating water supply solenoid valve 135 and the lithium-ion battery energy storage system heating water supply pump 133, and then passes through the lithium-ion battery energy storage system heating water flow regulating valve 134 for flow regulation. After that, it enters the cooling plate channel in the lithium-ion battery energy storage system 108 through the lithium-ion battery energy storage system heating water inlet valve 109 to heat the lithium-ion battery. After heating, the lithium-ion battery energy storage system heating water flows out of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system 108 and flows back to the cold water tank 132 through the lithium-ion battery energy storage system heating water return solenoid valve 136.

[0086] The heat pipes in this implementation include a first high-temperature heat pipe 206 and a first medium-temperature heat pipe 216 in a two-stage heat pipe cooling device, and a second high-temperature heat pipe 311 and a second medium-temperature heat pipe 306 in a two-stage heat pipe heating device. They have the same structure, as shown in... Figure 4 As shown, the array includes a heat pipe evaporator section connecting piece 401, a heat pipe evaporator section 402, a heat pipe insulation section 403, a heat pipe condenser section 404, and a heat pipe condenser section connecting piece 405. The heat pipe has an array structure, typically composed of several narrow, flat heat pipes. During use, it needs to be placed perpendicular to the ground, with the heat pipe evaporator section 402 at the bottom and the heat pipe condenser section 404 at the top. The heat pipe evaporator section 402 heats the external fluid, while the heat pipe condenser section 404 cools the external fluid. The heat pipe insulation section 403 is typically wrapped with an insulation layer to ensure insulation. The heat pipe evaporator section 402 of the array flat heat pipe is connected to the heat pipe evaporator section connecting piece 401, and the heat pipe condenser section 404 of the array flat heat pipe is connected to the heat pipe condenser section connecting piece 405.

[0087] Based on the above-mentioned compressed air energy storage system based on a multi-stage heat pipe heat exchanger, this implementation proposes a compressed air energy storage control method based on a multi-stage heat pipe heat exchanger, including the following process:

[0088] Step 1: The operator issues a control command, and the system determines the operating mode based on the command. First, it determines whether it is a compressed air energy storage process or an expansion energy release process, and then it determines whether it is a medium-temperature thermal storage method or a high-temperature thermal storage method.

[0089] Step 2: If it is determined to be a compression energy storage process and a medium-temperature heat storage method, start the first-stage air compressor 112, the second-stage air compressor 113, the third-stage air compressor 114, and the fourth-stage air compressor 115. The compressors operate in medium compression ratio mode, and the air passage and water passage of the two-stage heat pipe cooling device 106 operate in medium-temperature heat storage mode. After compression, the air is cooled by the heat exchange tank 210 of the first medium-temperature heat pipe evaporation section before flowing out into the next stage air compressor.

[0090] Step 3: If it is determined to be a compression energy storage process and a high-temperature heat storage method, start the first-stage air compressor 112, the second-stage air compressor 113, the third-stage air compressor 114, and the fourth-stage air compressor 115. The compressors operate in a high compression ratio mode, and the air passage and water passage of the two-stage heat pipe cooling device 106 operate in a high-temperature heat storage mode. After compression, the air first flows through the first high-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank 207 for cooling, and then flows through the first medium-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank 210 for cooling. After two cooling cycles, it enters the next stage air compressor.

[0091] Step 4: During the entire system operation, the temperature of the lithium-ion batteries in the nearby supporting lithium-ion battery energy storage system 108 is simultaneously monitored. If the battery temperature in the lithium-ion battery energy storage system 108 is less than or equal to 0°C, the heating water supply pump 133 of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system starts, and the heating water supply solenoid valve 135, the heating water inlet valve 109, and the heating water return solenoid valve 136 of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system are opened, thus opening the heating water and return water passages of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system. The water in the cold water tank is used to heat the lithium-ion battery energy storage system, and the water flows back to the cold water tank after heating is completed. During this process, the temperature of the lithium-ion battery in the lithium-ion battery energy storage system 108 is monitored in real time. If it is higher than 20°C, the supply of heating water to the lithium-ion battery energy storage system is stopped, the heating water supply pump 133 of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system is turned off, and the heating water supply solenoid valve 135, the heating water inlet valve 109, and the heating water return solenoid valve 136 of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system are closed.

[0092] Step 5: During the compression energy storage process, after the four-stage compression and cooling of the compressed air are completed, if the battery temperature in the lithium-ion battery energy storage system 108 is less than or equal to 0°C, the solenoid valve 111 of the air heating branch of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system and the solenoid valve 116 of the air inlet of the storage chamber are opened simultaneously. Part of the compressed air flows into the air heating branch of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system and is regulated by the pressure regulating valve 110 of the air heating branch of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system and is regulated by the flow regulating valve 107 of the air heating branch of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system to heat the lithium-ion battery energy storage system. Part of the compressed air flows into the air storage chamber 117 for storage.

[0093] Step 6: During the compression energy storage process, after the four-stage compression and cooling of the compressed air are completed, if the battery temperature in the lithium-ion battery energy storage system 108 is higher than 0°C, all the compressed air will flow into the gas storage chamber 117 for storage. The gas storage chamber 117 is equipped with a pressure sensor. If the pressure in the gas storage chamber reaches the safety threshold, the compression energy storage process will be stopped.

[0094] Step 7: If it is determined to be an expansion work process, stop the expansion work process when the pressure in the gas storage chamber 117 is lower than the lower limit.

[0095] Step 8: If it is determined to be an expansion and work process, when the pressure in the gas storage chamber 117 is higher than the lower limit, the oil temperature in the high-temperature heat storage tank 103 is higher than 200°C, and there is a demand for electricity, the high-temperature heat storage mode of the expansion and work process is activated. The air passage and water passage of the two-stage heat pipe heating device 119 operate in the high-temperature heat storage mode. The gas outlet solenoid valve 118 of the gas storage chamber is opened. The air first enters the second medium-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank 309 in the two-stage heat pipe heating device 119 for heating, and then enters the high-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank for heating. After two stages of heating, it enters the first-stage expander 120 for expansion and work. After expanding and cooling, it enters the second two-stage heating device, the second-stage expander 121, the third two-stage heating device, and the third-stage expander 122 in sequence to complete the entire expansion and work process.

[0096] Step 9: If it is determined to be an expansion work process, when the pressure in the gas storage chamber 117 is higher than the lower limit, the oil temperature in the high-temperature heat storage tank 103 is lower than 200°C and there is a demand for electricity, the medium-temperature heat storage mode of the expansion work process is activated. The air passage and water passage of the two-stage heat pipe heating device 119 operate in the medium-temperature heat storage mode. After the air enters the second medium-temperature heat pipe condensation section heat exchange tank 309 of the two-stage heat pipe heating device 119 before entering the first-stage expander 120, the second-stage expander 121, and the third-stage expander 122, it directly enters the subsequent expander to expand and do work.

[0097] Step 10: Monitor the pressure inside the gas storage chamber 117 in real time during steps 8 and 9. When the pressure inside the gas storage chamber 117 is lower than the lower limit, the expansion work process is terminated.

[0098] The efficiency improvement of the present invention is as follows: Figure 5As shown in the figure, the curves reveal that the multi-stage heat pipe heat exchanger technology based on this invention utilizes a unique mechanism of passive heat transfer through working fluid phase change. Its equivalent thermal conductivity is thousands of times greater than that of metals, significantly reducing reliance on high-power circulating pumps and resulting in a substantial reduction in internal system energy consumption and significant pump power savings. The multi-stage heat pipes enable precise capture and release of heat from different temperature zones, reducing heat loss due to temperature differences and improving heat exchange efficiency. The compact heat pipe design greatly reduces the volume of the heat exchange chamber, decreasing the amount of "static" working fluid stored in the system and consequently reducing thermal inertia. During startup or load changes, power can increase at a steeper slope, significantly shortening the system's stabilization time and enabling rapid response to grid dispatch demands. Lower internal power consumption, less energy waste waiting time, and more efficient thermal energy utilization synergistically significantly improve the system's electro-electric efficiency, fully demonstrating the engineering application value and economic benefits of this technology.

[0099] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compressed air energy storage system based on a multi-stage heat pipe heat exchanger, Characterized in that, It comprises: A cold water tank, a medium temperature heat storage tank, a high temperature heat storage tank, a low temperature oil tank, a two-stage heat pipe cooling device, a two-stage heat pipe heating device, a lithium ion battery energy storage system air heating branch, a lithium ion battery energy storage system water heating branch, an air storage chamber, a first stage air compressor, a second stage air compressor, a third stage air compressor and a fourth stage air compressor connected in series, and a first stage expander, a second stage expander and a third stage expander connected in series; The outlets of the first stage air compressor, the second stage air compressor, the third stage air compressor and the fourth stage air compressor are respectively connected with the inlet of a two-stage heat pipe cooling device, and the outlet of the two-stage heat pipe cooling device corresponding to the fourth stage air compressor is connected with the inlet of the air storage chamber through one path and with the inlet of the lithium ion battery energy storage system air heating branch through another path; The inlets of the first stage expander, the second stage expander and the third stage expander are respectively connected with a two-stage heat pipe heating device, and the outlet of the air storage chamber is connected with the inlet of the two-stage heat pipe heating device before the first stage expander; the two-stage heat pipe cooling device comprises a medium temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism and a high temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism, and the two-stage heat pipe heating device comprises a medium temperature heat pipe heating mechanism and a high temperature heat pipe heating mechanism; The cold water tank is connected with the medium temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism and the lithium ion battery energy storage system water heating branch through different pipelines, the medium temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected with the medium temperature heat storage tank, the low temperature oil tank is connected with the high temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism, the high temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected with the high temperature heat storage tank, the medium temperature heat storage tank is connected with the medium temperature heat pipe heating mechanism, the high temperature heat storage tank is connected with the high temperature heat pipe heating mechanism, and the lithium ion battery energy storage system water heating branch is connected with the cold water tank.

2. The compressed air energy storage system based on the multi-stage heat pipe heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the two-stage heat pipe cooling device corresponding to the first stage air compressor, the inlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of the medium temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected with the outlet of the first stage air compressor, and the outlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank is connected with the inlet of the second stage air compressor; In the two-stage heat pipe cooling device corresponding to the second stage air compressor, the inlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of the medium temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected with the outlet of the second stage air compressor, and the outlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank is connected with the inlet of the third stage air compressor; In the two-stage heat pipe cooling device corresponding to the third stage air compressor, the inlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of the medium temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected with the outlet of the third stage air compressor, and the outlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank is connected with the inlet of the fourth stage air compressor; In the two-stage heat pipe cooling device corresponding to the fourth stage air compressor, the inlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of the medium temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected with the outlet of the fourth stage air compressor, and the outlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank is connected with the inlet of the air storage chamber and the inlet of the lithium ion battery energy storage system air heating branch through two paths respectively; The inlet of the condensation section heat exchange tank of each medium temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected with the outlet of the cold water tank through a pipeline with an electromagnetic valve, and the outlet of the condensation section heat exchange tank is connected with the inlet of the medium temperature heat storage tank through a pipeline with an electromagnetic valve, forming a medium temperature heat exchange circulating path with water as the working medium.

3. The compressed air energy storage system based on the multi-stage heat pipe heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the two-stage heat pipe cooling device corresponding to the first-stage air compressor, the evaporation section heat exchange tank inlet of the high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected to the outlet of the first-stage air compressor, and the evaporation section heat exchange tank outlet is connected to the evaporation section heat exchange tank inlet of the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism in the same two-stage heat pipe cooling device; In the two-stage heat pipe cooling device corresponding to the second-stage air compressor, the evaporation section heat exchange tank inlet of the high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected to the outlet of the second-stage air compressor, and the evaporation section heat exchange tank outlet is connected to the evaporation section heat exchange tank inlet of the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism in the same two-stage heat pipe cooling device; In the two-stage heat pipe cooling device corresponding to the third-stage air compressor, the evaporation section heat exchange tank inlet of the high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected to the outlet of the third-stage air compressor, and the evaporation section heat exchange tank outlet is connected to the evaporation section heat exchange tank inlet of the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism in the same two-stage heat pipe cooling device; In the two-stage heat pipe cooling device corresponding to the fourth-stage air compressor, the evaporation section heat exchange tank inlet of the high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected to the outlet of the fourth-stage air compressor, and the evaporation section heat exchange tank outlet is connected to the evaporation section heat exchange tank inlet of the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism in the same two-stage heat pipe cooling device; The condensation section heat exchange tank inlet of each high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism is connected to the outlet of the low-temperature oil tank through a pipeline with a solenoid valve, and the condensation section heat exchange tank outlet is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank through a pipeline with a solenoid valve, forming a high-temperature heat exchange circulation path with heat conducting oil as the working medium.

4. The compressed air energy storage system based on the multi-stage heat pipe heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the two-stage heat pipe heating device before the first-stage expander, the condensation section heat exchange tank inlet of the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism is connected to the outlet of the gas storage chamber, and the condensation section heat exchange tank outlet is connected to the inlet of the first-stage expander; In the two-stage heat pipe heating device corresponding to the second-stage expander, the condensation section heat exchange tank inlet of the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism is connected to the outlet of the first-stage expander, and the condensation section heat exchange tank outlet is connected to the inlet of the second-stage expander; In the two-stage heat pipe heating device corresponding to the third-stage expander, the condensation section heat exchange tank inlet of the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism is connected to the outlet of the second-stage expander, and the condensation section heat exchange tank outlet is connected to the inlet of the third-stage expander; The evaporation section heat exchange tank inlet of each medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism is connected to the outlet of the medium-temperature heat storage tank through a pipeline with a solenoid valve, and the evaporation section heat exchange tank outlet is connected to the inlet of the cold water tank through a pipeline with a solenoid valve, forming a medium-temperature heating working medium circulation path.

5. The compressed air energy storage system based on the multi-stage heat pipe heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air heating branch of the lithium ion battery energy storage system comprises a branch solenoid valve, a pressure regulating valve and a flow regulating valve connected in series; the inlet of the branch solenoid valve is connected to the evaporation section heat exchange tank outlet of the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism in the two-stage heat pipe cooling device corresponding to the fourth-stage air compressor through a pipeline, and the outlet of the flow regulating valve is connected to the main path of the inlet of the gas storage chamber through a pipeline; the air heating branch of the lithium ion battery energy storage system is also provided with an air temperature sensor and a pressure sensor for real-time detection of the temperature and pressure of the compressed air in the branch.

6. The compressed air energy storage system based on the multi-stage heat pipe heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water heating branch of the lithium ion battery energy storage system comprises, in series, a water supply pump, a water supply electromagnetic valve, a branch flow regulating valve, a water inlet valve, and a backwater electromagnetic valve connected in series between the outlet of the cooling plate flow channel of the lithium ion battery and the cold water tank; The inlet of the water supply pump is connected to the outlet of the cold water tank through a pipeline, the outlet of the water inlet valve is connected to the inlet of the cooling plate flow channel through a pipeline, and the cooling plate flow channel is tightly attached to the surface of the lithium ion battery; the cold water tank, the water supply pump, the water supply electromagnetic valve, the branch flow regulating valve, the water inlet valve, the cooling plate flow channel, and the backwater electromagnetic valve are connected in series through pipelines to form a water heating closed loop.

7. The compressed air energy storage system based on the multi-stage heat pipe heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein, In the two-stage heat pipe heating device before the first-stage expander, the condenser section heat exchange tank inlet of the high-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism is connected to the condenser section heat exchange tank outlet of the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism in the same set of device, and the condenser section heat exchange tank outlet is connected to the inlet of the first-stage expander; In the two-stage heat pipe heating device corresponding to the second-stage expander, the condenser section heat exchange tank inlet of the high-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism is connected to the condenser section heat exchange tank outlet of the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism in the same set of device, and the condenser section heat exchange tank outlet is connected to the inlet of the second-stage expander; In the two-stage heat pipe heating device corresponding to the third-stage expander, the condenser section heat exchange tank inlet of the high-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism is connected to the condenser section heat exchange tank outlet of the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism in the same set of device, and the condenser section heat exchange tank outlet is connected to the inlet of the third-stage expander; The inlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank of each high-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism is connected to the outlet of the high-temperature heat storage tank through a pipeline with an electromagnetic valve, and the outlet of the evaporation section heat exchange tank is connected to the inlet of the low-temperature oil tank through a pipeline with an electromagnetic valve to form a high-temperature heating working medium circulation passage.

8. A compressed air energy storage control method based on a multi-stage heat pipe heat exchanger, characterized in that, The compressed air energy storage system based on the multi-stage heat pipe heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1-7, comprises the following processes: determining whether the operation mode is a compressed energy storage process or an expanded energy release process, and determining whether the heat storage mode is a medium-temperature heat storage mode or a high-temperature heat storage mode; if it is determined that the operation mode is the compressed energy storage process and the medium-temperature heat storage mode, starting the first-stage air compressor, the second-stage air compressor, the third-stage air compressor, and the fourth-stage air compressor, operating the compressors at a medium compression ratio, opening the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism passage in the two-stage heat pipe cooling device, closing the high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism passage, and allowing the compressed air to flow through the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism for cooling before entering the next-stage air compressor; if it is determined that the operation mode is the compressed energy storage process and the high-temperature heat storage mode, starting the first-stage air compressor, the second-stage air compressor, the third-stage air compressor, and the fourth-stage air compressor, operating each compressor at a high compression ratio, opening the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism and the high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism passage in the two-stage heat pipe cooling device, allowing the compressed air to flow through the high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism for cooling first, then through the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism for cooling, and entering the next-stage air compressor after the two cooling processes; During system operation, the temperature of the lithium ion battery in the lithium ion battery energy storage system is detected in real time; if the temperature of the lithium ion battery is less than or equal to 0℃, the water supply pump of the water heating branch of the lithium ion battery energy storage system is started, the water heating branch passage is opened, and the water in the cold water tank is used to heat the lithium ion battery, and the heated water flows back to the cold water tank; if the temperature of the lithium ion battery is higher than 20℃, the water supply pump of the water heating branch is stopped, and the water heating branch passage is closed; During the compressed energy storage process, after the air is compressed and cooled, if the temperature of the lithium ion battery is less than or equal to 0℃, the air heating branch passage and the gas storage chamber inlet passage of the lithium ion battery energy storage system are opened, part of the compressed air flows into the air heating branch, is adjusted in pressure by the pressure regulating valve in the branch and in flow by the flow regulating valve, and then heats the lithium ion battery, and the other part of the compressed air directly flows into the gas storage chamber for storage; if the temperature of the lithium ion battery is greater than 20℃, the air heating branch passage is closed; During the compressed energy storage process, after the air is compressed and cooled, if the temperature of the lithium ion battery is higher than 0℃, the compressed air is directly stored in the gas storage chamber; The pressure in the gas storage chamber is detected, and when the pressure reaches a safety threshold, the operation of all compressors is stopped, and the compressed energy storage process is terminated; If it is determined to be an expansion energy release process, the pressure in the gas storage chamber is detected, and when the pressure is lower than a preset lower limit value, the expansion energy release process is directly terminated; If it is determined to be an expansion energy release process, and the pressure in the gas storage chamber is higher than the preset lower limit value and the oil temperature in the high-temperature heat storage tank is higher than 200℃, the high-temperature heat storage mode of the expansion energy release is opened, the two-stage heat pipe heating device operates in the high-temperature heat storage mode, the gas storage chamber outlet passage is opened, the air first enters the two-stage heat pipe heating device before the primary expander, is heated through the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism passage, is then heated through the high-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism passage, and the heated air enters the primary expander to expand and do work; the air discharged from the primary expander enters the two-stage heat pipe heating device corresponding to the secondary expander, the secondary expander, and the two-stage heat pipe heating device corresponding to the tertiary expander, the tertiary expander in sequence, and completes the whole-process expansion energy release; If it is determined to be an expansion energy release process, and the pressure in the gas storage chamber is higher than the preset lower limit value and the oil temperature in the high-temperature heat storage tank is lower than 200℃, the medium-temperature heat storage mode of the expansion energy release is opened, the two-stage heat pipe heating device operates in the medium-temperature heat storage mode, and the gas storage chamber outlet passage is opened, the air enters the two-stage heat pipe heating device corresponding to each stage of expander in sequence, is heated, enters the corresponding expander to expand and do work, and completes the whole-process expansion energy release; During the expansion energy release process, the pressure in the gas storage chamber is continuously detected, and when the pressure is lower than the preset lower limit value, the operation of all expanders is stopped, and the expansion energy release process is terminated.

9. The compressed air energy storage control method based on the multi-stage heat pipe heat exchanger according to claim 8, characterized in that, when the air flows through the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism, the water in the cold water tank enters the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism at the same time, absorbs the heat released by the compressed air, and then flows into the medium-temperature heat storage tank for storage. When the air flows through the high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism to be cooled, the heat-conducting oil in the low-temperature oil tank enters the high-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism synchronously, flows into the high-temperature heat storage tank after absorbing the heat released by the compressed air, and is stored; when the air flows through the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism to be cooled, the water in the cold water tank enters the medium-temperature heat pipe cooling mechanism synchronously, flows into the medium-temperature heat storage tank after absorbing the heat, and is stored.

10. The compressed air energy storage control method based on the multi-stage heat pipe heat exchanger according to claim 8, characterized in that, the two-stage heat pipe heating device operates in a high-temperature heat storage mode, including: opening the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism passage and the high-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism passage in the two-stage heat pipe heating device, the hot water in the medium-temperature heat storage tank enters the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism passage to release heat, and then flows back to the cold water tank; the heat-conducting oil in the high-temperature heat storage tank enters the high-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism passage to release heat, and then flows back to the low-temperature oil tank; the two-stage heat pipe heating device operates in a medium-temperature heat storage mode, including: opening the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism passage in the two-stage heat pipe heating device, and closing the high-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism passage, the hot water in the medium-temperature heat storage tank enters the medium-temperature heat pipe heating mechanism passage to release heat, and then flows back to the cold water tank.

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