Battery charging method and device and vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery charging method and device and a vehicle. The method comprises the following steps: in a one-time continuous charging process of a battery, in response to determining that the battery enters a depolarization charging working condition, determining charge-discharge cycle times and temperature; determining a charging and discharging waveform corresponding to the charging and discharging cycle times, the temperature and the initial SOC of the battery in the continuous charging process in the mapping relation data set as a target charging and discharging waveform; and carrying out charging and discharging control on the battery under the depolarization charging condition based on the target charging and discharging waveform. Wherein the depolarization charging working condition refers to a charging working condition of discharging and then charging to reduce SOC inconsistency in the battery, and each mapping relation in the mapping relation data set represents a relation among the charging and discharging cycle number, the temperature, the initial SOC and a corresponding charging and discharging wave with the battery life influence being minimized. According to the technical scheme, the charging speed of the battery at the charging tail end is increased, the capacity attenuation of the battery is delayed, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery technology, and more specifically to a battery charging method, apparatus, electronic device, and vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] The state of charge (SOC) at different locations within a battery cell can vary significantly in both the thickness and in-plane directions. This inconsistency is easily influenced by factors such as charging time, accumulated polarization, temperature, negative electrode particle distribution, and the materials of the positive and negative electrodes. Specifically, during charging, the accumulated polarization and temperature differ along both the thickness and in-plane directions, resulting in locally higher SOC. Since battery charging speed is limited by SOC, a higher locally accumulated SOC limits the maximum allowable charging rate for the cell. Exceeding the maximum charging rate can lead to cell lifespan degradation or the risk of thermal runaway.

[0003] In related technologies, active energy release technology can reduce the inconsistency of the State of Charge (SOC) within the battery during charging. Specifically, during active energy release, the electromotive force (EMF) of lithium ions in high SOC regions is higher than that in low SOC regions, leading to preferential delithiation of lithium ions in high SOC regions. Simultaneously, the active energy release process also promotes lithium ion diffusion, allowing lithium ions from high SOC regions to diffuse into low SOC regions, thereby increasing the SOC in the low SOC regions. Therefore, active energy release technology can reduce high SOC regions within the battery, balancing the SOC across different areas, reducing SOC inconsistency, increasing the maximum allowable charging rate, and shortening charging time.

[0004] However, when actively releasing energy during charging, improper energy release strategies can significantly reduce battery life. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a battery charging method, apparatus, electronic device, and vehicle that, while shortening the charging speed at the end of the battery's state of charge (SOC), slows down the battery's capacity decay to the greatest extent possible.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: In a first aspect, this application provides a battery charging method, the method comprising: during a continuous charging process of the battery, in response to determining that the battery enters a depolarization charging condition, determining the number of charge-discharge cycles and the temperature; determining the charge-discharge waveforms corresponding to the number of charge-discharge cycles, temperature, and initial state of charge (SOC) in a mapping dataset as a target charge-discharge waveform; and performing charge-discharge control of the battery under the depolarization charging condition based on the target charge-discharge waveform.

[0007] Among them, the depolarization charging condition refers to the charging condition of discharging first and then charging, thereby reducing the inconsistency of SOC inside the battery. Each mapping relationship in the mapping relationship dataset represents the relationship between the number of charge-discharge cycles, temperature, initial SOC and the corresponding charge-discharge waveform that minimizes the impact on battery life.

[0008] The technical solution provided in this application reduces the inconsistency of the State of Charge (SOC) within the battery when it enters the depolarization charging condition through a reasonable discharge strategy. This reduces the limitation of the maximum allowable charging rate on the battery due to locally high SOC, allowing the battery to be charged at a higher rate after discharge, thus improving the charging speed after entering the depolarization charging condition. Simultaneously, by determining the charge-discharge waveform that minimizes the impact on battery life corresponding to the number of charge-discharge cycles, temperature, and initial SOC in the mapping relationship dataset, the battery's charge-discharge control is performed, making the charge-discharge waveform more closely match the actual situation of the battery. Specifically, during continuous charging, different initial SOCs at the start of charging lead to different accumulated SOC inconsistencies when the battery enters the depolarization condition (such as the end of charging). For example, the accumulated SOC inconsistency when continuously charging from 0% to 80% is higher than the accumulated SOC inconsistency when continuously charging from 40% to 80%. Therefore, this application uses different charging and discharging waveforms for charging and discharging control depending on the degree of SOC inconsistency. For example, when the degree of SOC inconsistency is higher, a charging and discharging waveform with a higher discharge rate can be used to achieve effective integration with the actual vehicle operating conditions. Furthermore, by using charging and discharging waveforms that minimize the impact on battery life, the application reduces the influence of the charging and discharging process on battery capacity and lifespan, delaying battery capacity decay and extending battery life.

[0009] One possible implementation involves defining the target charge / discharge waveform as the charging / discharge waveform corresponding to the number of charge / discharge cycles, temperature, and the initial SOC of the battery during continuous charging, within the mapping relationship dataset. Specifically, this can be achieved by: determining a sub-mapping relationship dataset within the mapping relationship dataset corresponding to the SOC of the battery when it enters the depolarization charging condition; and defining the target charge / discharge waveform as the charging / discharge waveform within the sub-mapping relationship dataset corresponding to the number of charge / discharge cycles, temperature, and initial SOC. Since the degree of SOC inconsistency accumulated within the battery varies depending on the SOC when the battery enters the depolarization charging condition, the mapping relationship dataset includes sub-mapping relationship datasets corresponding to the SOC when the battery enters the depolarization charging condition. This allows for adaptive adjustment of the charge / discharge waveform based on different SOC values ​​to control the battery's charging and discharging, resulting in a higher degree of adaptation between the charge / discharge waveform and the battery's internal SOC inconsistency, thereby maximizing the battery's charging speed and capacity life.

[0010] One possible implementation involves determining the mapping relationship dataset by generating multiple test groups based on different combinations of the battery's State of Health (SOH) when entering depolarization charging conditions, battery temperature, and initial SOC. The relationship between the battery's state of health (SOH) and the number of charge-discharge cycles is then tested for each test group under different charge-discharge waveforms. Based on this relationship, a mapping relationship dataset is constructed. By combining different SOC, battery temperature, and initial SOC when entering depolarization charging conditions, the actual operating scenarios of the battery are simulated as many times as possible. The relationship between SOH and the number of charge-discharge cycles is tested under each scenario to determine the charge-discharge waveform that minimizes the impact on battery life, thus constructing the mapping relationship dataset. During battery charging, the corresponding charge-discharge waveform that minimizes the impact on battery life is directly retrieved from the mapping relationship dataset for charge-discharge control, effectively improving battery capacity and lifespan.

[0011] One possible implementation involves constructing a mapping dataset based on the relationship between battery SOH and the number of charge-discharge cycles for multiple test groups under different charge-discharge waveforms. Specifically, this can be achieved by: plotting the relationship curves between battery SOH and the number of charge-discharge cycles for multiple test groups under different charge-discharge waveforms; determining the optimal charge-discharge waveform corresponding to each battery charge-discharge cycle number for each test group based on these curves; and constructing a mapping dataset based on the optimal charge-discharge waveforms corresponding to each battery charge-discharge cycle number for each test group. The optimal charge-discharge waveform is the one with the smallest rate of change of battery SOH with the number of charge-discharge cycles among different charge-discharge waveforms. The relationship curves between battery SOH and the number of charge-discharge cycles visually represent the relationship between battery SOH and the number of charge-discharge cycles. Differentiating the curves yields the rate of change of battery SOH with the number of charge-discharge cycles. The charge-discharge waveform with the smallest rate of change of battery SOH with the number of charge-discharge cycles among multiple charge-discharge waveforms has the least impact on battery life.

[0012] One possible implementation is that the charge / discharge waveform characterizes the charge / discharge parameters of the battery, including but not limited to rate, amplitude, time, and frequency.

[0013] One possible implementation is that when the battery enters the depolarization charging condition multiple times during the same continuous charging process, the charging rate of the charging waveform in the later depolarization charging condition is higher than that of the earlier depolarization charging condition. When the battery enters the depolarization charging condition multiple times, the SOC inconsistency within the battery is significantly reduced in the earlier depolarization charging condition, thus allowing the later depolarization charging condition to use a higher charging rate, effectively improving the battery's charging speed.

[0014] One possible implementation involves determining that the battery has entered a depolarization charging condition in response to the determination that the battery's State of Charge (SOC) has reached the final SOC. When the battery's SOC reaches the final SOC, i.e., when the battery charging process is nearing its end, the accumulated SOC inconsistency within the battery is relatively high, significantly impacting the battery's maximum charging rate. Therefore, entering the depolarization charging condition when the battery's SOC has reached the final SOC can effectively reduce the degree of SOC inconsistency within the battery.

[0015] One possible implementation is that when the battery enters the depolarization charging state twice consecutively within a preset time during the same continuous charging process, the final SOC of the second depolarization charging state is greater than that of the first depolarization charging state. In other words, the battery can be configured with multiple final SOCs of different sizes during a single continuous charging process, entering the depolarization charging state multiple times to reduce the inconsistency of SOC within the battery, resulting in better depolarization.

[0016] One possible implementation involves determining that the battery has entered a depolarization charging state, including: determining that the battery has entered a depolarization charging state in response to determining that the battery's State of Charge (SOC) has reached its final SOC and the battery temperature is within a preset temperature range. Entering a depolarization charging state when the battery temperature is too high can easily lead to overheating. When the battery temperature is too low, the charging rate of the battery itself is relatively low due to temperature limitations, and entering a depolarization charging state for discharge can easily reduce the overall charging speed of the battery. Therefore, when the battery's SOC has reached its final SOC state and the battery temperature is within the preset temperature range, the battery is determined to enter a depolarization charging state, and the battery is controlled to charge and discharge.

[0017] One possible implementation is to have a final SOC less than a SOC threshold. This prevents the battery from entering a depolarization charging state when its SOC exceeds the threshold. Specifically, when the battery's SOC is greater than the threshold (e.g., above 95%), the time to reach 100% SOC is relatively short, which could prolong the charging time during discharge. Therefore, normal charging can be maintained, without needing to enter a depolarization charging state for discharge.

[0018] One possible implementation, the battery charging method provided in this application embodiment, further includes: in response to determining that the initial SOC is higher than an initial SOC threshold, or that the battery temperature is within a preset temperature range but higher than a third temperature threshold, adjusting the charging and discharging waveform through a preset coefficient to reduce the rate represented by the charging and discharging waveform. Using a higher rate for charging and discharging when the battery temperature is high can easily lead to battery overheating. When the initial SOC of the battery is higher than the initial SOC threshold, the degree of SOC inconsistency accumulated inside the battery is low, and a higher rate for charging and discharging is also unnecessary. Therefore, the charging and discharging waveform can be flexibly adjusted through a preset coefficient to adapt to the actual usage of the battery. Furthermore, when additional adjustments to the charging and discharging waveform are required by staff, adjusting through a preset coefficient is more efficient and convenient, eliminating the need for frequent updates to the data in the mapping relationship dataset.

[0019] One possible implementation for determining the number of charge-discharge cycles is as follows: Based on the battery's State of Health (SOH) and rated capacity, determine the battery's actual capacity. Then, based on the battery's cumulative charge-discharge capacity and actual capacity, determine the number of charge-discharge cycles. The battery's SOH characterizes the difference between its current state and its brand-new state; therefore, the battery's actual capacity can be estimated based on its SOH. Determining the number of charge-discharge cycles based on the actual capacity more closely reflects the battery's actual usage conditions.

[0020] Secondly, this application provides a battery charging device, which includes a processing module and a control module.

[0021] The processing module is used to determine the number of charge-discharge cycles and temperature of the battery during a single continuous charge process, in response to determining that the battery has entered a depolarization charging condition.

[0022] The processing module is also used to centralize the mapping relationship data and determine the charging and discharging waveforms corresponding to the number of charge and discharge cycles, temperature, and the initial SOC of the battery during continuous charging as the target charging and discharging waveforms.

[0023] The control module is used to control the charging and discharging of the battery under depolarization charging conditions based on the target charging and discharging waveform.

[0024] Among them, the depolarization charging condition refers to the charging condition of discharging first and then charging to reduce the inconsistency of SOC inside the battery. Each mapping relationship in the mapping relationship dataset represents the relationship between the number of charge-discharge cycles, temperature, the initial SOC of the battery during continuous charging and the corresponding charge-discharge waveform that minimizes the impact on battery life.

[0025] One possible implementation is that the above processing module is specifically used to: determine the sub-mapping relationship dataset in the mapping relationship dataset that corresponds to the SOC when the battery enters the depolarization charging condition, and determine the charging and discharging waveforms in the sub-mapping relationship dataset that correspond to the number of charge and discharge cycles, temperature and initial SOC as the target charging and discharging waveforms.

[0026] One possible implementation, specifically the aforementioned processing module, is used to: generate multiple test groups based on different combinations of the battery's SOC when entering depolarization charging conditions, battery temperature, and initial SOC. The module then tests the relationship between the battery's SOH and the number of charge-discharge cycles for each of the multiple test groups under different charge-discharge waveforms. Based on this relationship, a mapping dataset is constructed.

[0027] One possible implementation, the aforementioned processing module, is specifically used to: plot the relationship curves between battery SOH and the number of battery charge-discharge cycles for multiple test groups under different charge-discharge waveforms. Based on the relationship curves between battery SOH and the number of battery charge-discharge cycles for the multiple test groups under different charge-discharge waveforms, determine the optimal charge-discharge waveform corresponding to the number of charge-discharge cycles for each battery in the multiple test groups. Based on the optimal charge-discharge waveform corresponding to the number of charge-discharge cycles for each battery in the multiple test groups, construct a mapping relationship dataset. The optimal charge-discharge waveform is the one with the smallest rate of change of battery SOH with the number of battery charge-discharge cycles among different charge-discharge waveforms.

[0028] One possible implementation is that the charge / discharge waveform characterizes the charge / discharge parameters of the battery, including but not limited to rate, amplitude, time, and frequency.

[0029] One possible implementation is that when the battery enters the depolarization charging condition multiple times during the same continuous charging process, the charging rate of the charging waveform in the later depolarization charging condition is higher than the charging rate of the charging waveform in the previous depolarization charging condition.

[0030] One possible implementation is that the aforementioned processing module is specifically used to: determine that the battery enters a depolarization charging state in response to determining that the battery's SOC has reached its final SOC. Specifically, when the battery enters the depolarization charging state twice consecutively within a preset time period, the final SOC of the second depolarization charging state is greater than the final SOC of the first depolarization charging state.

[0031] One possible implementation is that when the battery enters the depolarization charging state twice within a preset time during the same continuous charging process, the final SOC of the second depolarization charging state is greater than the final SOC of the first depolarization charging state.

[0032] One possible implementation is that the above processing module is specifically used to: determine that the battery enters the depolarization charging state in response to determining that the battery's SOC has reached the end of its SOC and the battery temperature is within a preset temperature range.

[0033] One possible implementation is that the terminal SOC is less than the SOC threshold.

[0034] In one possible implementation, the above processing module is further configured to: in response to determining that the initial SOC is higher than the initial SOC threshold, or that the battery temperature is within a preset temperature range but higher than a third temperature threshold, adjust the charge / discharge waveform by a preset coefficient to reduce the rate represented by the charge / discharge waveform.

[0035] One possible implementation is that the aforementioned processing module is specifically used to: determine the actual capacity of the battery based on the battery's state of equilibrium (SOH) and rated capacity; and determine the number of charge-discharge cycles based on the battery's cumulative charge-discharge capacity and actual capacity.

[0036] Thirdly, this application provides an electronic device that includes the battery charging device in any of the embodiments of the second aspect described above.

[0037] Fourthly, this application provides a vehicle that includes the battery charging device in any of the embodiments of the second aspect or the electronic device in the third aspect.

[0038] It should be noted that any of the possible implementations of any of the above aspects can be combined, provided that the solutions do not contradict each other. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a battery charging system provided for an exemplary embodiment; Figure 2 A schematic flowchart of a battery charging method provided for an exemplary embodiment; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a mapping relationship dataset is provided for an exemplary embodiment; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of another mapping relationship dataset structure is provided for an exemplary embodiment; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of another mapping relationship dataset provided for an exemplary embodiment; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of another mapping relationship dataset provided for an exemplary embodiment; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the relationship between SOH and the number of cycles is provided for an exemplary embodiment; Figure 8A schematic flowchart of a charging method for a vehicle power battery provided for an exemplary embodiment; Figure 9 A flowchart illustrating a method for determining the number of charge-discharge cycles, provided for an exemplary embodiment; Figure 10 A flowchart illustrating another method for determining the number of charge-discharge cycles provided for an exemplary embodiment; Figure 11 A schematic diagram of a battery charging device is provided for an exemplary embodiment; Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided for an exemplary embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0040] In the embodiments of this application, in order to clearly describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used to distinguish identical or similar items with essentially the same function and effect. Those skilled in the art will understand that the terms "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity or execution order, and the terms "first" and "second" are not necessarily different. The technical features described by "first" and "second" have no sequential or size order.

[0041] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design that is described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design. Specifically, the use of terms such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner to facilitate understanding.

[0042] In the embodiments of this application, at least one can also be described as one or more, and multiple can be two, three, four or more, and this application does not impose any restrictions.

[0043] Battery charging speed is limited by factors such as temperature, State of Charge (SOC), and charging power. For example, in low-temperature environments (such as below 0°C or even -10°C), battery charging speed will decrease significantly, and fast charging may not even be possible. As another example, according to the formula for the maximum allowable charging rate of negative electrode particles, the higher the battery SOC, the lower the maximum allowable charging rate. If the charging rate exceeds the maximum charging rate, lithium plating will occur, leading to a reduction in battery pack capacity and accelerated lifespan degradation. Similarly, the higher the temperature, the higher the maximum allowable charging rate. Therefore, under low-temperature conditions, if the charging rate exceeds the maximum charging rate, lithium plating will also occur. The charging rate formula is expressed as:

[0044] in, This represents the maximum lithium-ion flux on the surface of the negative electrode particles. The larger the value, the higher the maximum allowable charging rate of the battery. The diffusion coefficient of lithium ions in the negative electrode solid particles measures how quickly lithium ions move within the material. Due to temperature, all other things being equal, the higher the temperature, the greater the maximum allowable charging rate of the battery. This indicates the maximum concentration of lithium ions on the surface of the negative electrode particles. This indicates the characteristic size of the negative electrode particles. The smaller the size, the shorter the path for lithium ions to travel from the interior to the surface. The SOC of the negative terminal of the battery can be approximated by the SOC of the entire battery. Therefore, under the condition that other factors remain unchanged, the higher the SOC of the battery, the smaller the maximum allowable charging rate of the battery.

[0045] During continuous battery charging, factors such as battery polarization, uneven temperature distribution, uneven electrode material distribution, and differences in the particle size of the positive and negative electrode materials can cause inconsistencies in the State of Charge (SOC) at different locations within the battery due to differences in ion transport paths and electrochemical reaction rates. When the battery is continuously charged to the end of its SOC phase (e.g., between 80% and 100%), the inconsistency in the accumulated SOC within the battery is significant. For example, at the end of the SOC phase, areas closer to the battery tabs are nearly fully charged (lithium intercalation saturation), while areas farther from the tabs are not yet saturated. Furthermore, along the thickness of the negative electrode, the SOC near the positive electrode is higher than that further away. In the in-plane direction of the negative electrode, the central region, due to its higher temperature and lower internal resistance, is more likely to reach full charge, resulting in a higher SOC in the central region than in the non-central regions. This locally higher SOC within the battery limits the maximum charging rate and reduces the charging speed. In related technologies, battery polarization and SOC inconsistency can be reduced by allowing the battery to rest or by using active energy release technology. When the battery is resting, ions spontaneously diffuse from high-concentration or high-electrochemical-potential areas to low-concentration or low-electrochemical-potential areas, making the ion concentration at different locations within the battery more even and reducing SOC inconsistency. During active battery discharge, areas with higher SOC discharge preferentially, similarly reducing SOC inconsistency. Simultaneously, the discharge process promotes the diffusion effect of lithium ions in the negative electrode particles, facilitating the diffusion of lithium ions from high-concentration to low-concentration areas. However, resting the battery requires a long time, which cannot guarantee efficient and stable battery operation. Furthermore, active energy release processes, when controlling battery charging and discharging, cannot be effectively integrated with actual vehicle operating conditions, and unreasonable energy release strategies can easily lead to a significant reduction in battery life.

[0046] Based on this, this application provides a battery charging method, apparatus, electronic device, and vehicle that, while shortening the charging speed at the end of the battery's state of charge (SOC), maximizes the delay in battery capacity degradation and extends battery life.

[0047] For ease of understanding, the battery charging method, apparatus, electronic equipment, and vehicle provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0048] The technical solution provided in this application can be applied to Figure 1 The battery charging system shown, such as Figure 1As shown, the battery charging system provided in this application embodiment includes an electronic device 100 and a battery 110. The electronic device 100 can determine whether the battery has entered a depolarization charging condition, and when the battery enters a depolarization charging condition, determine the number of charge-discharge cycles and the temperature of the battery. The electronic device 100 can directly or indirectly obtain / determine the number of charge-discharge cycles and the temperature of the battery. The electronic device 100 also deploys a mapping relationship dataset, which can be used to determine the charge-discharge waveform and control the battery to charge and discharge based on the charging-discharge waveform. The electronic device 100 can also construct a mapping relationship dataset based on experimental data to determine the charge-discharge waveform based on the mapping relationship dataset. The electronic device 100 can also accept instructions from personnel and flexibly configure the parameters of the charge-discharge waveform and the depolarization charging condition based on the instructions. The determination by the electronic device 100 includes any terms with acquisition functions such as query, discovery, and extraction, which are not limited in this application.

[0049] Optionally, the electronic device 100 can be a device equipped with electronic components such as a battery management system (BMS), a vehicle control unit (VCU), a motor controller / microcontroller unit (MCU), and an inverter. This application does not limit the implementation method or application scenario of the electronic device 100.

[0050] like Figure 2 As shown, the battery charging method provided in this application includes: Step S201: During a single continuous charge of the battery, the electronic device determines the number of charge-discharge cycles and the temperature of the battery in response to determining that the battery has entered a depolarization charging condition.

[0051] The continuous charging process can be coupled with a depolarization charging condition. For example, when the battery is charged from 0% to 80% SOC, it enters a depolarization charging condition, controlling the battery to discharge. When the battery's SOC discharges to 79%, it is controlled to charge again until the battery is fully charged. This process from 0% SOC to full charge can be considered a continuous charging process, with 0% as the starting SOC. The depolarization charging condition refers to discharging before charging to reduce the inconsistency of SOC within the battery. For example, during continuous charging, when the battery first reaches the end of the charge cycle, such as when the SOC reaches 80%, it enters a depolarization charging condition, controlling the battery to discharge to 79%, reducing the battery's polarization and the inconsistency of its internal SOC. Then, the battery continues to charge at a higher charging rate until the SOC reaches 85%. This discharge process reduces the excessively high SOC in some areas of the battery, increasing the maximum allowable charging rate, thus allowing the battery to be charged at a higher rate. Compared to continuously charging to 85% after the battery's SOC first reaches 80%, this method offers a faster charging speed. The end of battery charging refers to the final stage of the charging process, i.e., when the battery is close to fully charged (e.g., 90% or above 95%). Because the impact of charging and discharging on SOC inconsistency is highly non-linear, electrochemical reactions preferentially occur in regions with higher SOC during battery discharge. By precisely extracting lithium ions from these regions and specifically reducing the local SOC peak, discharging only 1% of the SOC can lower the peak SOC by more than 1% (e.g., a 3% decrease). The effect of actively discharging 1% of the SOC in reducing SOC inconsistency is far stronger than the exacerbated SOC inconsistency caused by recharging 1% of the SOC.

[0052] As an example, when the battery's SOC reaches its final SOC, it is determined that the battery enters a depolarization charging condition.

[0053] Among them, the final SOC refers to the SOC of the battery when it is at the end of the charging process. For example, when the SOC of the battery is in the range of 80%-100%, it means that the battery is at the end of the charging process. At this time, the final SOC can be 80%, 83%, 85%, 90%, etc.

[0054] For example, there can be multiple final SOCs simultaneously, meaning the battery can enter the depolarization charging state multiple times before being fully charged, controlling the battery to undergo multiple charge and discharge cycles. When the battery enters the depolarization charging state twice consecutively within a preset time, the final SOC of the second depolarization charging state is greater than the final SOC of the first depolarization charging state. For example, the final SOCs include 83%, 86%, and 90%. When the battery's SOC first reaches 83% (the final SOC of the first depolarization charging state), the battery is controlled to discharge. After the battery's SOC discharges to 82%, the battery continues to be charged until the battery's SOC first reaches 86% (the final SOC of the second depolarization charging state). Then, the battery is controlled to discharge again. After the battery's SOC discharges to 85%, the battery continues to be charged until the battery's SOC first reaches 90%. Then, the battery is controlled to discharge again. After the battery's SOC discharges to 89%, the battery continues to be charged until the battery is fully charged.

[0055] The preset duration also limits the time interval between two final SOC (State of Charge) states. This can be a default value or a manually set value to prevent frequent battery discharges that reduce charging speed, and to avoid situations such as resting or charging a load between two final SOC states. For example, if the time interval between two battery entry into depolarization charging mode exceeds the preset duration, the final SOC of the second depolarization charging mode may not be greater than that of the first depolarization charging mode. For instance, if the final SOC is 80%, the battery enters depolarization charging mode for the first time when its SOC first reaches 80%, controlling the battery to discharge and then recharge until it is fully charged. The battery is then used to charge the load, and the battery's SOC begins to decrease. After the battery's SOC drops to 50%, the battery is charged again until the battery's SOC reaches 80%. At this point, the battery enters the depolarization charging state for the second time. In this example, the time interval between the first and second entry into the depolarization charging state exceeds the preset duration. The final SOC of the second entry into the depolarization charging state is not greater than the final SOC of the first entry into the depolarization charging state, and the final SOC of both entries into the depolarization charging state is 80%.

[0056] In some embodiments, when a battery is recharged after a period of inactivity, the decision to enter a depolarization charging state can be flexibly adjusted. For example, the final State of Charge (SOC) may include 83% and 93%. When the battery's SOC first reaches 83%, it enters the depolarization charging state for the first time, controlling the battery to discharge. After the battery's SOC discharges to 82%, charging continues until the battery's SOC reaches 90%. At this point, the battery is externally controlled to stop charging and is left to rest for a period of time. After resting, the battery's SOC inconsistency decreases, so when the battery restarts charging after resting, the accumulated SOC inconsistency is lower, and there is no need to enter the depolarization charging state.

[0057] Optionally, the battery can be left idle for a period of time and then recharged. The state of charge (SOC) of the battery at the time of recharging can be used as the starting SOC for the continuous charging process.

[0058] In some embodiments, when the battery's State of Charge (SOC) reaches its final SOC and the battery temperature is within a preset temperature range, the battery is determined to enter a depolarization charging state. When the battery temperature exceeds the maximum value of the preset temperature range (e.g., above 50°C), controlling the battery to actively discharge will further increase the battery temperature, potentially causing overheating and safety hazards, especially for vehicle power batteries, which increases the demands on the vehicle's internal temperature management system. When the battery temperature is below the minimum value of the preset temperature range (e.g., below 0°C), due to temperature limitations, the maximum allowable charging rate is relatively small. Controlling the battery to actively discharge will prolong the overall charging time. In this case, the original DC charging method coupled with a temperature-raising strategy can be used directly, without entering the depolarization charging state. The preset temperature range can be a default value or a manually set value, and can be flexibly adjusted according to requirements.

[0059] In some embodiments, the final SOC is less than the SOC threshold. For example, when the battery's SOC is greater than 95%, the time until the battery is fully charged is short, and it does not need to enter the depolarization charging mode; it can be directly charged with DC. The SOC threshold can be a default value or a manually set value, which can be flexibly adjusted according to requirements.

[0060] Charge-discharge cycle count refers to the number of times a battery completes a full charge-discharge cycle, that is, the number of times it discharges from a fully charged state to depletion and then recharges to a fully charged state. It measures the battery's lifespan and durability. For example, a lithium-ion battery can complete 300-500 full charge-discharge cycles before its capacity decays to a specific percentage of its rated capacity (e.g., 80%). A ternary lithium battery can complete 800-1500 full charge-discharge cycles before its capacity decays to a specific percentage of its rated capacity (e.g., 80%).

[0061] For example, the actual capacity of the battery is determined based on its state of equilibrium (SOH) and rated capacity. The number of charge-discharge cycles is determined based on the battery's cumulative charge-discharge capacity and actual capacity.

[0062] The cumulative charge-discharge capacity refers to the total capacity absorbed and released by the battery during all charging and discharging processes throughout its entire lifespan.

[0063] Specifically, during battery use, the actual capacity of the battery is determined multiple times based on the battery's state of harm (SOH) and rated capacity. The number of charge-discharge cycles is then determined based on the battery's cumulative charge-discharge capacity and the determined actual capacity.

[0064] For example, when the vehicle is started for the first time, the battery's State of Health (SOH) is measured, and the first charge-discharge cycle number is calculated based on the following formula:

[0065] in, Indicates the number of charge-discharge cycles. Indicates the cumulative charge and discharge capacity. This indicates the battery's state of equilibrium (SOH). The SOH is typically 100% when the vehicle is first started. This indicates the battery's rated capacity. When the number of charge / discharge cycles exceeds the first cycle threshold (e.g., 50 cycles), the accumulated charge / discharge capacity is reset to zero. The current accumulated charge / discharge capacity after the reset is determined again, and the battery's state of equilibrium (SOH) is re-acquired (e.g., 95%). Based on the current accumulated charge / discharge capacity after the reset, 95% SOH, and the above-mentioned charge / discharge cycle calculation formula, the second charge / discharge cycle count is calculated. The sum of the second charge / discharge cycle count and the first charge / discharge cycle count is the current charge / discharge cycle count of the battery.

[0066] Step S202: The electronic device concentrates the charging and discharging waveforms corresponding to the number of charge and discharge cycles, temperature and initial SOC in the mapping relationship data and determines them as the target charging and discharging waveforms.

[0067] Each mapping relationship in the mapping relationship dataset represents the relationship between the number of charge-discharge cycles, temperature, initial SOC, and the corresponding charge-discharge waveform that minimizes the impact on battery life.

[0068] The charge / discharge waveform refers to the curve showing how the battery's terminal voltage, operating current, and other operating parameters change over time during the charging (storing electrical energy) and discharging (releasing electrical energy) processes.

[0069] Optionally, the charge / discharge waveform characterizes the charge / discharge parameters of the battery, such as the charge / discharge rate, amplitude, duty cycle (time), and frequency.

[0070] For example, in a depolarization charging operation, the charging and discharging parameters are different. For instance, in a depolarization charging operation, the charging amplitude is greater than the discharging amplitude.

[0071] For example, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 The table shows the mapping relationship between temperature T, charge / discharge cycle number (Cycle), and charge / discharge waveform (Map) in the mapping relationship dataset. Figure 3 The unit of temperature T is degrees Celsius (°C), and the unit of charge / discharge cycle is cycles. For example, when temperature T is 50°C and the charge / discharge cycle is 100 cycles, the corresponding charge / discharge waveform Map is Map2.15. Different charge / discharge waveform Maps in the mapping data table represent different charge / discharge parameters. For example, the charge rate of charge / discharge waveform Map3.15 is higher than that of charge / discharge waveform Map3.3.

[0072] In some embodiments, a sub-mapping relationship dataset corresponding to the SOC when the battery enters the depolarization charging condition is determined in the mapping relationship dataset, and the charging and discharging waveforms corresponding to the number of charge and discharge cycles, temperature and initial SOC in the sub-mapping relationship dataset are determined as the target charging and discharging waveforms.

[0073] For example, when a battery enters the depolarization charging condition, different SOCs correspond to different charging and discharging waveforms, that is, different SOCs correspond to different charging and discharging parameters. For example: Figure 4 This table shows the mapping relationship between SOC, temperature, and discharge amplitude of the battery when it enters the depolarization charging condition in the mapping relationship dataset. Figure 4 As shown, at a temperature of 25℃, the battery begins to actively discharge when its SOC first reaches 80% at the end of charging, with a discharge amplitude of 0.55C, where C represents the charge / discharge rate. For example, at a 0.55C rate, the current of a 2 amp-hour battery is 1.1 amps. When the battery's SOC first reaches 85%, it begins to actively discharge again with a discharge amplitude of 0.5C, and the discharge time for each discharge can be set to 10 seconds.

[0074] For example, under the same conditions (such as temperature and SOC), the charging rate when the battery enters the depolarization charging condition is higher than the charging rate when the battery does not enter the depolarization charging condition (such as continuous DC charging). Figure 5 The table shows the mapping relationship between the battery's SOC, temperature T, and charging rate when the battery does not enter the depolarization charging condition in the mapping relationship dataset. Figure 6 This table shows the mapping relationship between the State of Charge (SOC), Temperature T, and Charging Rate of a battery entering the depolarization charging condition, as shown in the mapping relationship dataset. Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, after the battery enters the final stage of charging (SOC greater than 80%), the charging rate under depolarization charging conditions is higher than that without entering depolarization charging conditions. For example, at a temperature T of 50℃ and an SOC of 85%, the charging rate of the battery under depolarization charging conditions is 1.6, while the charging rate of the battery without entering depolarization charging conditions is 0.8.

[0075] In some embodiments, because the initial SOC of the battery differs each time charging begins, and the battery may have been idle for a period of time before charging begins, the degree of SOC inconsistency accumulated as the battery charges from the initial SOC to the final SOC during the continuous charging process also differs. For example, during the entire charging process, initial SOCs of 0% and 40% correspond to two different operating conditions: charging from 0% to 80% SOC and charging from 40% to 80% SOC. The degree of SOC inconsistency accumulated in both the in-plane and thickness directions of the negative electrode sheet differs between these two operating conditions. Generally, the degree of SOC inconsistency accumulated when charging from 0% to 80% SOC is higher than that accumulated when charging from 40% to 80% SOC. Therefore, corresponding sub-mapping relationship datasets need to be set up for different charging conditions from initial SOC to final SOC.

[0076] For example, when the initial SOC is higher than the initial SOC threshold, the inconsistency of the battery's accumulated SOC is not high. The charging and discharging waveforms can be adjusted using a preset coefficient (e.g., reducing the discharge rate during depolarization charging). For instance, if the discharge rate determined in the mapping dataset is 0.2C, and the preset coefficient for discharge is set to 0.8, the discharge rate can be adjusted to 0.2 * 0.8 = 0.16C when the initial SOC is higher than 50%. As another example, if the charging rate determined in the mapping dataset is 2C, and the preset coefficient for charging is set to 0.95, the discharge rate can be adjusted to 1.9C when the initial SOC is higher than 50%.

[0077] In some embodiments, when the battery temperature is within a preset temperature range but above a third temperature threshold, the charging and discharging waveform can also be adjusted and limited by a coupling limiting coefficient to prevent the battery from overheating. For example, the maximum value of the preset temperature range is 50°C, the minimum value of the preset temperature range is 0°C, and the third temperature threshold is 45°C.

[0078] In some embodiments, the process of determining the mapping relationship dataset includes generating multiple test groups based on different combinations of SOC, battery temperature, and initial SOC when the battery enters the depolarization charging condition. The changes in battery SOH and the number of battery charge-discharge cycles are tested for each of the multiple test groups under different charge-discharge waveforms. Based on the changes in battery SOH and the number of battery charge-discharge cycles under different charge-discharge waveforms for the multiple test groups, a mapping relationship dataset is constructed.

[0079] For example, curves showing the relationship between battery SOH and the number of charge-discharge cycles are plotted for multiple test groups under different charge-discharge waveforms. Based on these curves, the optimal charge-discharge waveform corresponding to each battery charge-discharge cycle number under each test group is determined. A mapping dataset is constructed based on the optimal charge-discharge waveform corresponding to each battery charge-discharge cycle number under different test groups. The optimal charge-discharge waveform is the one with the smallest rate of change of battery SOH with the number of charge-discharge cycles among different charge-discharge waveforms.

[0080] As an example, consider the scenario of charging a battery from 0% SOC to its final SOC. First, discharge the battery to the cutoff voltage (e.g., 0% SOC) and set different battery temperatures (ambient temperatures), for example, -20℃, -15℃, and -10℃, to create different test groups. Second, based on... Figure 5 The mapping table shown determines the charging rate for DC charging of the battery and records the temperature at which the battery's State of Charge (SOC) reaches the final SOC. From the moment the battery's SOC first reaches the final SOC, it enters the depolarization charging state, based on... Figure 6 The mapping table shown, and as follows Figure 4 The mapping table shown determines the discharge rate and charge rate under depolarization charging conditions to control battery discharge and charging. For example, discharge and charge are performed based on charge and charge parameters when the battery's SOC first reaches 80%, 85%, and 90%, respectively, for multiple discharge and charge cycles until the battery reaches a fully charged state. Based on the above process, battery life cycle tests are conducted using different charge and discharge waveforms. Capacity calibration is performed every 5 cycles or other cycle counts to determine the battery's SOH. Finally, the relationships between multiple SOH values ​​and cycle counts under different temperatures and combinations of charge and discharge waveforms are plotted. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 7 , Figure 7The curves showing the relationship between SOH and cycle number (Cycle) for charge / discharge waveforms A and B at the same temperature are presented. Under the same number of cycles (e.g., cycle number a), the derivatives of the SOH and cycle number curves for charge / discharge waveforms A and B are calculated to obtain the slopes of the tangent lines at each point on the curves. By comparing the slopes of charge / discharge waveforms A and B, and selecting the waveform with the smaller absolute value of its slope, a sub-mapping dataset corresponding to the battery's charging from 0% SOC to the final SOC condition is constructed. For example, at a temperature of 25℃, when the number of charge / discharge cycles is a (100 times), the absolute value of the slope corresponding to charge / discharge waveform A is less than the absolute value of the slope corresponding to charge / discharge waveform B, so charge / discharge waveform A is selected as the charge / discharge waveform for 100 charge / discharge cycles at a temperature of 25℃; when the number of charge / discharge cycles is b (1700 times), the absolute value of the slope corresponding to charge / discharge waveform A is greater than the absolute value of the slope corresponding to charge / discharge waveform B, so charge / discharge waveform B is selected as the charge / discharge waveform for 1700 charge / discharge cycles at a temperature of 25℃.

[0081] As an example, consider the scenario where a battery is charged from a SOC of A% to its final SOC, where A is not zero. Discharge the battery to a SOC of A% (e.g., 40%), set different temperatures, and conduct charging tests starting from SOC A%. Plot the relationship between SOH and the number of charge / discharge cycles (Cycles) at different temperatures and under different charge / discharge waveforms corresponding to the battery's charge from A% to its final SOC. This will determine the sub-mapping relationship dataset corresponding to the battery's charge from A% to its final SOC. Specifically, when calculating the cumulative charge / discharge capacity under the scenario where the battery is charged from A% to its final SOC, capacity conversion should be performed. For example, when A% is 40%, the battery's usage range is [40%, 100%]. Charging and discharging 100 times within this [40%, 100%] usage range corresponds to 60 normalized charge / discharge cycles.

[0082] Step S203: The electronic device performs charge and discharge control of the battery under depolarization charging conditions based on the target charge and discharge waveform.

[0083] For example, parameters such as battery voltage, current, charging time, and discharging time are monitored in real time and compared with the charging and discharging parameters represented by the target charging and discharging waveform. Based on the comparison results, the charging and discharging current and voltage of the battery are dynamically adjusted so that the battery charges and discharges with the charging and discharging parameters represented by the target charging and discharging waveform.

[0084] like Figure 8 The illustration shows a charging method for a vehicle power battery provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application. The method includes: Step S800: The vehicle begins charging via the charging gun.

[0085] Step S810: Determine whether the initial SOC of the battery is greater than the final SOC when the battery is plugged in. If yes, proceed to step S820; otherwise, proceed to step S830. For example: Determine whether the initial SOC of the vehicle battery is greater than 80%. If yes, proceed to step S820; otherwise, proceed to step S830.

[0086] Step S820: Monitor the highest and lowest temperatures of the battery cells.

[0087] Step S821: Determine whether the highest temperature is higher than the first temperature threshold or the lowest temperature is lower than the second temperature threshold. If yes, proceed to step S822; otherwise, proceed to step S823.

[0088] The second temperature threshold is higher than the first temperature threshold.

[0089] Step S822: The battery does not enter the depolarization charging condition, but performs DC charging.

[0090] Step S823: Determine whether the initial SOC of the battery is higher than the target SOC when the vehicle is plugged in. If yes, proceed to step S824; otherwise, proceed to step S825.

[0091] Step S824: The battery does not enter the depolarization charging condition, but performs DC charging.

[0092] Step S825: Determine the number of charge-discharge cycles for the battery.

[0093] Step S826: Determine the charge / discharge waveform based on the number of charge / discharge cycles and the highest temperature.

[0094] Step S827: Adjust the charging and discharging waveform according to the first preset coefficient.

[0095] Step S828: Control the battery to charge based on the adjusted charge / discharge waveform.

[0096] Step S830: Charge the battery DC to the final SOC.

[0097] Step S831: Monitor the highest temperature of the battery cell.

[0098] Step S832: Determine the number of charge-discharge cycles for the battery.

[0099] Step S833: Determine whether the highest temperature is higher than the first temperature threshold or the lowest temperature is lower than the second temperature threshold. If yes, proceed to step S834; otherwise, proceed to step S835.

[0100] Step S834: The battery does not enter the depolarization charging condition, but performs DC charging.

[0101] Step S835: Determine if the highest temperature is higher than the third temperature threshold. If so, proceed to step S839; otherwise, proceed to step S836.

[0102] The third temperature threshold is less than the first temperature threshold and greater than the second temperature threshold. For example, the first temperature threshold is 50℃, the second temperature threshold is 0℃, and the third temperature threshold is 45℃.

[0103] Step S836: Determine the initial SOC when the vehicle is plugged in.

[0104] Step S837: Determine the charge / discharge waveform corresponding to the initial SOC based on the number of charge / discharge cycles and the highest temperature.

[0105] For example, the charge / discharge waveform corresponding to the initial SOC can be determined from the sub-mapping dataset corresponding to the initial SOC in the mapping dataset.

[0106] Step S838: Control the battery to charge based on the charging and discharging waveform.

[0107] Step S839: Determine the initial SOC when the vehicle is plugged in.

[0108] Step S840: Determine the charge / discharge waveform corresponding to the initial SOC based on the number of charge / discharge cycles and the highest temperature.

[0109] Step S841: Adjust the charging and discharging waveform according to the second preset coefficient.

[0110] Optionally, the second preset coefficient may be the same as or different from the first preset coefficient.

[0111] Step S842: Control the battery to charge based on the adjusted charge / discharge waveform.

[0112] like Figure 9 The illustration provided is an exemplary embodiment of this application, illustrating a method for determining the number of charge-discharge cycles. The method includes: Step S900: The vehicle is powered on for the first time.

[0113] Step S901: Read the current SOH of the vehicle battery.

[0114] Step S902: Determine the current cumulative charge and discharge capacity of the battery.

[0115] Step S903: Determine the number of charge / discharge cycles based on the current cumulative charge / discharge capacity and SOH.

[0116] Step S904: Determine whether the number of charge / discharge cycles has reached the threshold of the first cycle count. If yes, proceed to step S905; otherwise, proceed to step S902.

[0117] Step S905: Clear the current cumulative charge / discharge capacity.

[0118] Step S906: First update of the battery's current SOH.

[0119] Step S907: Determine the current cumulative charge / discharge capacity of the battery after the first cycle number threshold.

[0120] Step S908: Based on the first updated SOH and the battery reaching the current cumulative charge / discharge capacity after the first cycle number threshold, determine the number of charge / discharge cycles.

[0121] Step S909: Determine whether the number of charge / discharge cycles has reached the second cycle count threshold. If yes, proceed to step S910; otherwise, proceed to step S907.

[0122] Step S910: Similarly, the current accumulated charge and discharge capacity is cleared.

[0123] Step S911: Update the current SOH of the battery for the Nth time.

[0124] Step S912: Determine the current cumulative charge / discharge capacity of the battery after the Nth cycle threshold.

[0125] Step S913: Based on the SOH updated in the Nth time and the cumulative charge-discharge capacity of the battery after the Nth cycle threshold, determine the number of charge-discharge cycles.

[0126] Where N is greater than 2, the threshold for the number of iterations in the Nth iteration is greater than the threshold for the number of iterations in the second iteration is greater than the threshold for the number of iterations in the first iteration.

[0127] Step S914: Determine whether the number of charge / discharge cycles has reached the threshold of the N+1th cycle. If yes, proceed to step S915; otherwise, proceed to step S912.

[0128] Step S915: Proceed to the next cycle to continuously determine the number of charge and discharge cycles, store the determined number of charge and discharge cycles, until the vehicle is powered off.

[0129] like Figure 10 The illustration shows another method for determining the number of charge-discharge cycles provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application. The method includes: Step S1000: The vehicle is not being powered on for the first time.

[0130] Step S1001: Read the current SOH(N) of the vehicle battery.

[0131] Step S1002: Determine the current cumulative charge / discharge capacity Q(N) of the battery.

[0132] Step S1003: Continuously record the current cumulative charge and discharge capacity Q (N) of the battery.

[0133] Step S1004: Based on SOH(N) and Q(N), update and record the number of charge-discharge cycles Cycle(N).

[0134] Step S1005: Determine whether the number of charge / discharge cycles Cycle(N) has reached the threshold of the Nth cycle. If yes, proceed to step S1006; otherwise, proceed to step S1003.

[0135] Step S1006: Read the current SOH (N+1) of the vehicle battery.

[0136] Step S1007: Continuously record the current cumulative charge and discharge capacity Q(N+1) of the battery.

[0137] Step S1008: Based on SOH(N+1) and Q(N+1), update and record the number of charge-discharge cycles Cycle(N+1).

[0138] Step S1009: Determine whether the charge / discharge cycle number Cycle(N+1) has reached the threshold of the N+1th cycle. If yes, proceed to step S1010; otherwise, proceed to step S1007.

[0139] Step S1010: Enter the next loop to continuously determine the number of charge and discharge cycles, store the determined number of charge and discharge cycles, until the vehicle is powered off.

[0140] The foregoing mainly describes the solutions provided by the embodiments of this application from a methodological perspective. To achieve the above functions, the battery charging device or electronic device includes corresponding hardware structures and / or software modules for performing each function. Those skilled in the art should readily recognize that, based on the units and algorithm steps of the examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein, this application can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed in hardware or by computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0141] like Figure 11 As shown, the battery charging device provided in this embodiment may include a processing module 1101 and a control module 1102. The processing module 1101 is used to execute... Figure 2 In the illustrated method, steps S201 and S202 are executed by the control module 1102. Figure 2 The illustrated method includes step S203.

[0142] This application embodiment can, based on the above-described battery charging method, exemplarily divide a battery charging device or electronic device into functional modules. For example, the battery charging device or electronic device may include functional modules corresponding to each functional division, or two or more functions may be integrated into one processing module. The integrated module can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional module. It should be noted that the module division in this application embodiment is illustrative and only represents one logical functional division; in actual implementation, there may be other division methods.

[0143] like Figure 12 As shown, the electronic device provided in this application embodiment may include a processor 1201, a bus 1202, a communication interface 1203, and a memory 1204. The processor 1201, the memory 1204, and the communication interface 1203 communicate with each other via the bus 1202. It should be understood that this application does not limit the number of processors and memories in the network device.

[0144] Bus 1202 can be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, or a Universal Serial Bus (USB), etc. Buses can be categorized as address buses, data buses, control buses, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 12 The bus 1202 may be represented by a single line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus. The bus 1202 may include a path for transmitting information between various components of the network device (e.g., memory 1204, processor 1201, communication interface 1203).

[0145] Processor 1201 may include any one or more processors such as a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a microprocessor (MP), or a digital signal processor (DSP).

[0146] The memory 1204 may include volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM). The processor 1201 may also include non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, hard disk drive (HDD), or solid state drive (SSD).

[0147] The communication interface 1203 uses transceiver modules such as, but not limited to, network interface cards and transceivers to enable communication between network devices and other devices or communication networks.

[0148] The memory 1204 stores executable program code, and the processor 1201 executes the executable program code to implement the functions of the aforementioned method embodiments. That is, the memory 1204 stores instructions for executing the above-described battery charging method.

[0149] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing at least one computer program, which is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the battery charging method provided in the above-described method embodiments.

[0150] This application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program or instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the battery charging method provided in the above-described method embodiments.

[0151] It should be noted that when one or more instructions in the computer-readable storage medium or computer program product are executed by the processor of an electronic device, they implement the various processes of the above method embodiments and achieve the same technical effect as the above method. To avoid repetition, they will not be described again here.

[0152] The battery charging method, apparatus, and electronic device provided in this application can be applied to vehicles. Vehicles can also be referred to as vehicles, mobile carriers, electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), autonomous vehicles, intelligent and connected vehicles (ICVs), driverless vehicles, etc.

[0153] In this application, the vehicle can be a sedan, a sport utility vehicle (SUV), a truck, an electric vehicle, a motorcycle, a tricycle, a special vehicle (such as an ambulance, fire truck, police car, etc.), a driverless taxi, an intelligent connected bus, an autonomous logistics vehicle, an electric truck, etc. Furthermore, this method is also applicable to various special-purpose vehicles, such as agricultural vehicles, mining vehicles, forestry vehicles, airport vehicles, and port vehicles. This application does not impose specific limitations in this regard.

[0154] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, only the division of the above functional modules is used as an example. In actual applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.

[0155] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of modules or units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another apparatus, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0156] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. A component shown as a unit can be one or more physical units; that is, it can be located in one place or distributed in multiple different locations. Some or all of the classified units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment, depending on actual needs.

[0157] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit. If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the embodiments of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or the entire or partial classification of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a device (which may be a microcontroller, chip, etc.) or processor to execute the entire or partial steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, mobile hard drives, ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0158] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any simple modifications (such as adjustments to the analysis model, boundary conditions, design variables, etc.), equivalent changes and substitutions (such as adjustments to constraints and their weights, additions or subtractions of evaluation indicators, etc.) made to the above specific embodiments without departing from the content of this application and based on the technical essence of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method of charging a battery, characterized by, The method comprises: In a continuous charging process of a battery, in response to determining that the battery enters a depolarization charging condition, determining the number of charge-discharge cycles and the temperature of the battery; wherein the depolarization charging condition refers to a charging condition of discharging first and then charging to reduce the inconsistency of the state of charge (SOC) inside the battery; Corresponding to the number of charge-discharge cycles, the temperature and the initial SOC of the battery in the continuous charging process, the charge-discharge waveform in the mapping relationship data set is determined as the target charge-discharge waveform; wherein each mapping relationship in the mapping relationship data set represents the relationship between the number of charge-discharge cycles, the temperature, the initial SOC and the charge-discharge waveform that minimizes the influence on the battery life; Based on the target charge-discharge waveform, the battery is controlled in the depolarization charging condition.

2. The battery charging method according to claim 1, wherein, The mapping relationship data set comprises: Determine the sub-mapping relationship data set in the mapping relationship data set corresponding to the SOC when the battery enters the depolarization charging condition; Corresponding to the number of charge-discharge cycles, the temperature and the initial SOC, the charge-discharge waveform in the sub-mapping relationship data set is determined as the target charge-discharge waveform.

3. The battery charging method according to claim 2, wherein The determination process of the mapping relationship data set comprises: Based on different combinations of the SOC when the battery enters the depolarization charging condition, the battery temperature and the initial SOC of the battery, a plurality of test groups are generated; Respectively test the change relationship between the state of health (SOH) of the battery and the number of charge-discharge cycles of the battery under different charge-discharge waveforms in a plurality of test groups; Based on the change relationship between the SOH of the battery and the number of charge-discharge cycles of the battery under different charge-discharge waveforms in a plurality of test groups, the mapping relationship data set is constructed.

4. The battery charging method according to claim 3, wherein The mapping relationship data set comprises: Respectively draw the relationship curve between the SOH of the battery and the number of charge-discharge cycles of the battery under different charge-discharge waveforms in a plurality of test groups; Based on the relationship curve between the SOH of the battery and the number of charge-discharge cycles of the battery under different charge-discharge waveforms in a plurality of test groups, the optimal charge-discharge waveform corresponding to each number of charge-discharge cycles of the battery in a plurality of test groups is determined respectively; wherein the optimal charge-discharge waveform is the charge-discharge waveform in which the change rate of the SOH of the battery with the number of charge-discharge cycles of the battery is the smallest among different charge-discharge waveforms; Based on the optimal charge-discharge waveform corresponding to each number of charge-discharge cycles of the battery in a plurality of test groups, the mapping relationship data set is constructed.

5. The battery charging method of claim 1, wherein, The charge-discharge waveform represents the charge-discharge parameters of the battery, including but not limited to rate, amplitude, time and frequency.

6. The battery charging method of claim 5, wherein, The charging rate of the charging waveform of the last depolarization charging condition is higher than the charging rate of the charging waveform of the previous depolarization charging condition when the battery enters the depolarization charging condition multiple times in the same continuous charging process.

7. The battery charging method of claim 1, wherein, In response to determining that the battery enters the depolarization charging condition, the method comprises: In response to determining that the SOC of the battery reaches the terminal SOC, it is determined that the battery enters the depolarization charging condition.

8. The battery charging method of claim 7, wherein, The terminal SOC of the second depolarization charging condition is greater than the terminal SOC of the first depolarization charging condition when the battery enters the depolarization charging condition twice in succession within a preset time period in the same continuous charging process.

9. The battery charging method of claim 5, wherein, In response to determining that the battery enters the depolarization charging condition, the method comprises: In response to determining that the SOC of the battery reaches the terminal SOC and the temperature of the battery is within a preset temperature range, it is determined that the battery enters the depolarization charging condition.

10. The battery charging method according to claim 7 or 9, characterized by, The terminal SOC is less than an SOC threshold.

11. The battery charging method of claim 9, wherein, The method further comprises: In response to determining that the initial SOC is higher than an initial SOC threshold, or the temperature of the battery is within the preset temperature range but higher than a third temperature threshold, the charging and discharging waveform is adjusted by a preset coefficient to reduce the rate represented by the charging and discharging waveform.

12. The battery charging method of claim 1, wherein, The determination of the number of charging and discharging cycles comprises: determining the actual capacity of the battery based on the state of health (SOH) of the battery and the rated capacity of the battery; determining the number of charging and discharging cycles based on the cumulative charging and discharging capacity of the battery and the actual capacity.

13. A battery charging device, characterized by The battery charging device comprises a processing module and a control module. The processing module is configured to, in response to determining that the battery enters a depolarization charging condition during a continuous charging process of the battery, determine the number of charging and discharging cycles and the temperature of the battery; wherein the depolarization charging condition refers to a charging condition in which the battery is first discharged and then charged to reduce the inconsistency of the SOC inside the battery. The processing module is further configured to determine a target charging and discharging waveform corresponding to the number of charging and discharging cycles, the temperature, and the initial SOC of the battery in the continuous charging process in a mapping relationship dataset; wherein each mapping relationship in the mapping relationship dataset represents the relationship between the number of charging and discharging cycles, the temperature, the initial SOC of the battery in the continuous charging process, and the charging and discharging waveform that minimizes the impact on the service life of the battery. The control module is configured to perform charging and discharging control of the battery in the depolarization charging condition based on the target charging and discharging waveform.

14. A vehicle characterized by comprising: The vehicle comprises the battery charging device of claim 13.

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