Manufacturing method of infant teaching aid based on wool products

Abstract

The invention discloses a manufacturing method of an infant teaching aid based on a wool product, and belongs to the technical field of infant education appliances, the method comprises the following steps: pretreatment of raw materials: soaking wool in a weakly alkaline solution at 40-50 DEG C; manufacturing an achnatherum splendens woven substrate; the wool felt is manufactured through three-dimensional interwoven network wool laying, 55-70 DEG C hot water spraying and staged variable-pressure rolling and pressing; dyeing with a natural plant dye; twisting woolen yarns; making a felt picture by using a thick-medium-thin three-level poke needle; weaving the fabric; by optimizing process parameters, operation safety of infants is ensured, the system design has a multi-level education function, traditional culture of Kazakh is fused, fine hand actions, hand-eye coordination, attention, creativity and cultural recognition of the infants are remarkably improved, and the kindergarten teaching aid is suitable for being popularized and applied in kindergartens.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of early childhood education tools, and particularly relates to a production method of an early childhood education tool based on wool products, and more particularly to a tool production technology that combines traditional Kazakh wool crafts and modern early childhood education concepts. BACKGROUND

[0002] As one of the oldest forms of fabric in human history, wool felt dates back to before 6500 BC. Wool felt production technology does not require weaving or knitting, and fully utilizes the natural properties of wool fibers to form an integrated fabric through physical actions such as heating, wetting, and pressing. In the Xinjiang region of China, nomadic ethnic groups such as the Kazakh and Mongolian have passed down the wool felt production technique from generation to generation, which has been listed in the national intangible cultural heritage list.

[0003] With the in-depth development of quality education, kindergartens are increasingly focusing on cultivating children's hands-on ability, creativity, and cultural identity. The current market for children's educational toys is dominated by industrial mass-produced plastic or electronic products, which lack cultural connotations and the warmth of handmade products. Although some kindergartens have started to make their own toys, most of them are limited to simple paper art, clay sculpture, and other traditional handicrafts, and few have systematically introduced traditional ethnic crafts into early childhood education.

[0004] Existing wool felt production methods mainly include wet felting and needle felting. Wet felting uses wool fibers to open their scales in hot water and alkaline environments, and mechanically rubs the fibers to intertwine with each other. Needle felting uses specially designed needles with barbs to repeatedly stab wool, causing the fibers to mechanically intertwine. However, these methods are mainly used for adult handicraft production or industrial production, and have the following problems when applied to early childhood education:

[0005] First, the safety is insufficient. The traditional wet felting method uses hot water with a temperature of 80-100℃, which poses a risk of burns to children aged 3-6. The traditional needle felting method uses sharp needles that can easily prick the fingers of children. The use of chemical additives can also affect the health of children.

[0006] Second, the educational function is single. Existing wool production methods often only focus on the final product and lack systematic educational design, making it difficult to achieve multi-dimensional educational goals from material cognition, process learning to cultural heritage. The production process lacks interest and hierarchy, which does not conform to the cognitive development of children.

[0007] Third, the operation adaptability is poor. The operation requirements and technical difficulty of traditional crafts are not suitable for the hand development level and cognitive ability of children. The production cycle is long and difficult to complete within the time when children's attention is concentrated. The tools and materials are scattered, which is not convenient for kindergarten teaching organization.

[0008] Fourth, there is insufficient cultural inheritance. Although wool felt making is an important traditional craft, existing methods lack systematic organization and educational transformation of traditional techniques, making it difficult to effectively disseminate and inherit intangible cultural heritage among young children; and there is a lack of deep integration with regional culture and ethnic characteristics.

[0009] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a method for making early childhood educational toys based on wool products that is highly safe, has comprehensive educational functions, is suitable for young children to operate, and has strong cultural heritage. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a method for manufacturing early childhood educational toys based on wool products. This method ensures the safety of children's operation by optimizing process parameters, systematically designs multi-level educational functions, integrates traditional ethnic culture, and provides children with a comprehensive educational experience that combines material cognition, skills training, cultural inheritance, and art enlightenment.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for making early childhood teaching aids based on wool products, comprising eight steps: raw material pretreatment, reed weaving base preparation, wool felt preparation, wool dyeing treatment, wool twisting preparation, felt painting preparation, woven fabric preparation, and teaching aid assembly.

[0012] Step one is raw material pretreatment. Natural wool is soaked in a weakly alkaline solution at 40-50℃ for 15-25 minutes. The pH of the weakly alkaline solution is 8.5-10.5. After soaking, the wool is removed and air-dried naturally until the moisture content is 5%-15%. The weakly alkaline solution is prepared by mixing soap and water in a mass ratio of 1:15-1:25. The purpose of this step is to remove grease and impurities from the surface of the wool, allowing the wool scales to initially open, preparing for subsequent felting, while ensuring a suitable temperature for safe handling by young children.

[0013] Step two involves creating the reed weaving base. Reed stems are cut into 20-35cm lengths and woven onto a wooden frame using a warp and weft interlacing pattern to form the weaving base. The weaving density is 8-12 strands / 10cm². Cotton thread is used to secure the intersections of the reeds during the weaving process. Reed is a common natural plant material in Xinjiang. In traditional Kazakh yurt construction, reed mats are commonly used as the base for the felt. This step preserves this traditional technique while simultaneously cultivating children's weaving skills and hand-eye coordination.

[0014] Step three is the production of wool felt, which is the core step of this invention and includes five sub-steps. First, wool layers are alternately laid on the woven substrate in directions perpendicular and parallel to the substrate, forming a crisscrossing three-dimensional fiber network structure. Each layer of wool is 3-8 mm thick, and 3-5 layers are laid. This three-dimensional interwoven network structure significantly improves the strength and density of the wool felt, increasing the strength by 30%-50% compared to traditional unidirectional wool laying methods. The first layer of wool fibers is laid horizontally, the second layer vertically, and the third layer at a 45° angle. The angle between adjacent layers is 45°-90°. This design draws on the reinforcement principle of composite materials, resulting in better isotropy and less deformation of the felted wool.

[0015] Then, evenly spray hot water at a temperature of 55-70℃ onto the laid-out wool layer. This temperature range is carefully designed: on the one hand, it ensures that the wool scales fully open to facilitate felting; on the other hand, it ensures that the temperature will not cause burns to young children. Experiments have shown that a temperature of 55-70℃ effectively promotes felting while remaining within a safe range for short-term contact with young children. The amount of water sprayed should be enough to completely wet the wool without dripping, with a spray volume of 80-120 mL / 100 cm². This amount ensures that the wool is fully wetted without causing the fibers to disperse due to excessive moisture.

[0016] Next, cover the damp wool layer with polyethylene mesh. Apply soap to the mesh surface using a circular motion, applying pressure of 0.3–0.8 kg / cm² for 5–10 minutes. The mesh serves a dual purpose: firstly, it prevents the wet wool from sticking to your hands, and secondly, it increases friction to promote felting. The soap provides a slightly alkaline environment (pH 8.5–10.0), promoting the opening of the wool scales and acting as a lubricant. The circular motion ensures that the wool fibers are evenly stressed in all directions, resulting in more uniform felting. The mesh size of the mesh is 0.5–2 mm, allowing for water and air permeability without allowing fine wool fibers to pass through.

[0017] Then remove the mesh fabric, roll up the wool layer along with the knitted base, with a roll diameter of 8-15 cm, tie it with rope, and then roll and press it at a frequency of 15-25 times / minute for 20-35 minutes. The rolling and pressing process is divided into three stages: the initial gentle rolling stage applies pressure of 0.2-0.5 kg / cm² for 8-12 minutes, during which the wool fibers begin to come into contact and entangle; the intermediate medium-pressure rolling stage applies pressure of 0.5-1.0 kg / cm² for 8-12 minutes, during which the wool fibers become deeply entangled; the final strong rolling stage applies pressure of 1.0-1.8 kg / cm² for 8-12 minutes, during which the wool felt further shrinks and densifies. During the rolling process, the felting degree is checked every 3-5 minutes, and the subsequent pressure and time are adjusted according to the felting degree. This dynamic adjustment mechanism ensures the stability and controllability of the felting effect.

[0018] Finally, after unfolding, rinse with clean water at a temperature of 35-45℃ until no soap residue remains on the surface. Then, let it air dry naturally in a ventilated environment to obtain the wool felt substrate. Controlling the rinsing water temperature at 35-45℃ effectively removes soap residue while maintaining gentleness and safety.

[0019] Step four is the wool dyeing process. The pretreated wool from Step one or the wool felt substrate obtained in Step three is placed in a dyeing solution and immersed for 15-30 minutes at a temperature of 45-65℃. The dyeing solution is prepared by mixing natural plant dyes and water at a mass ratio of 1:20-1:35. The natural plant dyes are selected from one or more of madder extract, gardenia extract, turmeric extract, and indigo extract. Madder extract yields red tones, gardenia extract yields yellow tones, turmeric extract yields orange-yellow tones, and indigo extract yields blue tones. A rich variety of colors can be obtained through combinations of different dyes.

[0020] The preparation method of natural plant dyes is as follows: Take dried plant materials such as madder, gardenia, turmeric, or indigo, pulverize them to a particle size of 0.5-2 mm, add water at a mass of 20-30 times the mass of the plant materials, and decoct at a temperature of 80-95℃ for 45-90 minutes. After filtration, the dyeing solution is obtained. A mordant is added during the dyeing process to improve the color fastness and brightness; the mordant is alum. Copper acetate ferrous sulfate One or more of the following mordants are used, with the amount of mordant being 3% to 8% of the wool's weight. Alum, as a mordant, makes the color brighter and more vibrant; copper acetate makes the color lean towards a greenish hue; and ferrous sulfate makes the color lean towards a grayish hue. After dyeing, the wool is removed and rinsed with clean water until no colorless liquid flows out. After drying, colored wool or colored wool felt is obtained. The use of natural plant dyes is completely non-toxic and harmless, meeting the safety standards for children's products, while also allowing children to learn about traditional natural dyeing techniques.

[0021] Step five involves making the wool yarn. Take the pre-treated wool from step one or the dyed colored wool from step four, and tear it into strips 0.5–1.5 cm wide. Twist the wool strips in one direction on your palm or leg at a speed of 30–50 times per minute. The twisting time depends on the desired yarn thickness, gradually tightening the wool strips to form yarn with a diameter of 1–3 mm. Use an S-twist or Z-twist direction, with a twist of 80–150 twists / 10 cm. Too low a twist will cause the yarn to unravel, while too high a twist will cause it to knot. For multi-strand yarn, combine 2–4 single strands in opposite directions and twist them together. The twist of the combined strand should be 60–100 twists / 10 cm. Twisting in opposite directions balances the internal stress generated by the twist of the single strands, making the combined strand more stable. Making yarn helps develop children's fine motor skills and sustained concentration.

[0022] Step six is ​​the creation of the felt painting. The colored wool prepared in step four is laid on the surface of the wool felt substrate obtained in step three. The colored wool is arranged according to a pre-set pattern. Using a barbed needle, it is repeatedly punctured perpendicular to the felt surface. The puncturing depth is 2 / 3 to 4 / 5 of the wool felt thickness, the puncturing density is 15–30 times / cm², and the puncturing force is 50–150g, until the colored wool and the wool felt substrate fibers are fully entangled and fixed, forming a colored pattern.

[0023] The punching needle is a specially designed barbed needle with 3 to 8 barbs at the tip, each barb being 0.3 to 0.8 mm in length. The barbs hook onto the wool fibers during punching, drawing them into the felt. Upon removal, the barbs separate from the fibers, and this process is repeated to entangle the fibers. The perpendicularity deviation between the punching needle and the felt surface should not exceed 10° during punching. Perpendicular punching prevents the needle from breaking and ensures the fibers enter the felt vertically, resulting in the best entanglement effect.

[0024] The process employs a progressively layered approach of using coarse, medium, and fine needles: coarse needles (1.5–2.0 mm in diameter) are used for initial fixation; their larger barbs allow for greater fiber movement, making them suitable for rapid shaping. Medium needles (1.0–1.5 mm in diameter) provide medium-level fixation, further compacting the fibers and ensuring a clear pattern outline. Fine needles (0.5–1.0 mm in diameter) are used for surface finishing; their small holes are ideal for detailed surface treatment and finishing. This progressively layered approach improves efficiency while maintaining the precision of the artwork. Felt painting stimulates children's artistic creativity and color recognition abilities.

[0025] Step seven is the making of the woven fabric. First, fix the warp threads (the yarn prepared in step five) to the wooden weaving frame at intervals of 1-2 cm. After fixing the warp threads, use a shuttle to move the weft threads alternately up and down between the warp threads. During the weaving process, use a wooden comb to press the weft threads firmly after each shuttle movement. The weft threads are the yarn prepared in step five. After the weaving is complete, remove it from the weaving frame to obtain the woven fabric.

[0026] The weaving process employs plain weave, twill weave, or modified weaves. Plain weave is the most basic weave, where warp and weft threads interweave in an alternating up-and-down pattern. Twill weave creates a more varied appearance by weaving warp and weft threads in a specific pattern. Modified weaves are variations on plain or twill weaves, allowing for the creation of various patterns. The weaving density is 20–35 warp threads / 10cm and 18–32 weft threads / 10cm. This density range ensures a stable yet not overly dense fabric.

[0027] The knitting tension should be controlled to ensure the fabric is flat but not too tight, with warp tension at 150-300g and weft tension at 100-250g. Excessive tension will cause the fabric to shrink and deform, while insufficient tension will cause it to loosen. Knitting activities cultivate children's hand-eye coordination and spatial imagination, while also helping them understand the principles of warp and weft weaving.

[0028] Step eight is the assembly of the teaching aids, which involves integrating the various components made earlier into a complete teaching aid. First, a three-layer drawer-style cabinet is made using scrap wood boards through cutting, drilling, and nailing. The cabinet dimensions are 60-80cm long, 40-60cm wide, and 70-90cm high. These dimensions are suitable for use in kindergarten classrooms, and the height is suitable for children to operate.

[0029] During cabinet construction, all wooden components are sanded until smooth and burr-free, with rounded corners of 3-8mm radius to prevent children from being injured by splinters or sharp edges. The cabinet is then coated with environmentally friendly water-based wood varnish or natural wood wax oil for protection. Both are low-VOC materials that will not harm children's health. All metal fittings use round-head nails or are coated with adhesive to avoid sharp edges and ensure safe use.

[0030] A reed weaving frame, consisting of a wooden frame and cotton warp and weft threads, is installed on the side of the cabinet for children to weave reed mats. A winding panel is made on the other side of the cabinet, with round-headed nails driven into the wooden board according to a regular pattern, spaced 3-8 cm apart, for children to create their own yarn winding designs. Different nail spacing and pattern settings can create different levels of difficulty to suit the abilities of children of different ages.

[0031] A small loom is constructed on top of the cabinet, with warp threads fixed in place for children to weave. The loom is simple in structure but fully functional; children can complete the entire weaving process under the teacher's guidance, understanding the basic principles of textiles.

[0032] Classify and place the various wool products made in steps three through seven into cabinet drawers. This categorized management makes it easier for children to access and return the products, fostering good habits of tidying up and organizing.

[0033] Instruction cards are provided, made of waterproof material, and use a combination of text and images to explain the production methods and educational objectives for various wool products. The cards measure 10cm x 15cm to 15cm x 20cm, are waterproof with a laminated coating, and feature text descriptions accompanied by color illustrations at a 1:1 to 1:2 ratio. This combination of text and images is suitable for young children's cognitive development, allowing even those who cannot read to understand the instructions through the pictures.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0035] First, safety is significantly improved. This invention controls the hot water temperature in the wet felting process to 55-70℃, far lower than the 80-100℃ of traditional processes, placing it within a safe range for short-term contact by young children and effectively avoiding the risk of burns. The pH value of the weakly alkaline soap solution used is controlled between 8.5-10.5, which is mildly alkaline and non-irritating to children's skin. Natural plant dyes are used instead of chemically synthesized dyes, making it completely non-toxic and harmless. Clear parameters for force and depth are set during the needle-punching operation, along with safe operating instructions, minimizing the risk of punctures. All wooden parts are sanded smooth and rounded at the corners, and metal parts are coated with glue, ensuring children's safety from a hardware perspective. Compared with traditional wool felting methods, the safety of this invention is significantly improved, fully meeting the safety standards for children's products.

[0036] Secondly, the educational function system is comprehensive. This invention designs a complete educational chain from material cognition to finished product creation, covering multiple dimensions such as sensory education, skills training, cultural inheritance, and art enlightenment. In terms of material cognition, children learn about the softness, warmth, and elasticity of wool by touching it, recognize plant materials by observing reeds, and learn about plant colors by using natural dyes, thus establishing a sensory understanding of natural materials. In terms of skills training, activities such as tearing wool, spreading wool, kneading, poking, twisting thread, and weaving comprehensively exercise children's fine motor skills, improving hand-eye coordination, finger dexterity, and strength control, laying a solid foundation for future activities such as writing and drawing. In terms of cultural inheritance, reed weaving, wet felt making, natural dyeing, and thread twisting are all traditional Kazakh crafts, allowing children to learn about their ethnic culture and enhance their cultural identity during the hands-on process. In terms of art enlightenment, felt painting creation and weaving pattern design stimulate children's artistic creativity and aesthetic abilities. This multi-dimensional educational design makes this invention not only a handicraft activity but also a comprehensive educational experience.

[0037] Third, operational adaptability optimization. This invention fully considers the physical development characteristics and cognitive abilities of children aged 3-6, and has adaptively optimized the operation process and difficulty. The complex wool felting process is broken down into multiple simple steps, with the operation time for each step controlled within the range of children's attention span, avoiding loss of interest due to excessive time. It provides multi-level operation options from simple to complex, such as simple wet felting and traditional wet felting, single color and multicolor, simple patterns and complex patterns, etc., allowing teachers to choose appropriate difficulty levels according to the children's age and abilities. The cabinet design centrally manages all tools and materials, and the instruction cards provide illustrated guidance, facilitating kindergarten teaching organization. The height of the three drawers is set appropriately for children to access materials, fostering independent operation skills. These adaptive optimizations make this invention truly suitable for children, rather than a simple transplantation of adult crafts.

[0038] Fourth, it deepens cultural inheritance. This invention systematically organizes the traditional wool-making techniques of the Kazakh people, including multiple skill stages such as reed mat weaving, wool carding, wet felt making, natural dyeing, thread twisting, and weaving, transforming these skills into educational activities suitable for young children. By allowing children to operate traditional crafts hands-on, they can understand and remember them more deeply than simply listening to explanations or watching, thus achieving the living transmission of intangible cultural heritage. At the same time, this invention combines traditional techniques with modern educational concepts, giving traditional crafts new educational significance and contemporary value, realizing the creative transformation and innovative development of traditional culture. This profound cultural inheritance function makes this invention not only educational but also of great social and cultural value.

[0039] Fifth, precise control of technical parameters. This invention has systematically optimized and precisely controlled key process parameters. Wool pretreatment temperature is 40-50℃, pH value is 8.5-10.5, effectively removing grease while ensuring safety. Wet felting hot water temperature is 55-70℃, water spray volume is 80-120mL / 100cm², ensuring both felting effect and safety. Rolling and pressing are performed in three stages with different pressures, each stage lasting 8-12 minutes, dynamically adjusted according to the degree of felting to ensure stable and controllable felting quality. Dyeing temperature is 45-65℃, time is 15-30 minutes, mordant dosage is 3%-8%, ensuring color fastness while controlling costs. Twisting twist is 80-150 twists / 10cm, ensuring wool strength and stability. Weaving density is 20-35 warp threads / 10cm, 18-32 weft threads / 10cm, with warp tension of 150-300g and weft tension of 100-250g, forming a structurally stable fabric. These precise parameter controls, based on extensive experimental data and theoretical analysis, ensure the stability and repeatability of the process, avoiding the uncertainties inherent in the traditional apprenticeship-style knowledge transfer method of handicrafts.

[0040] Sixth, outstanding innovation. This invention pioneered a three-dimensional interwoven network felting technology, with the first layer horizontal, the second vertical, and the third inclined at 45°, with adjacent layers at angles of 45°-90°. Drawing on the reinforcement principles of composite materials, this increases the strength of wool felt by 30%–50% and improves isotropy. It also pioneered a staged variable-pressure rolling and pressing technology, with gentle initial pressure, medium pressure in the middle stage, and strong pressure in the later stage, dynamically adjusting at each stage for better and more stable felting results than traditional constant pressure methods. Furthermore, it pioneered a three-stage needle-punching technology, with coarse needles for rapid shaping, medium needles for compaction and fixation, and fine needles for surface finishing, resulting in higher efficiency and quality than traditional single-needle punching methods. Finally, it pioneered an integrated teaching aid design, integrating raw material processing, production operations, finished product display, and educational instructions into a single cabinet. It includes a multi-functional operating area with a reed weaving frame, winding panel, and loom, transforming scattered handicraft materials into a systematic educational equipment. These innovations not only have technical value but also significant educational practical value.

[0041] Seventh, it boasts strong environmental friendliness and sustainability. The wool and reeds used in this invention are both natural, renewable, and biodegradable materials. The cabinet body is constructed using recycled wood planks, achieving resource recycling. Natural plant dyes replace chemically synthesized dyes, resulting in zero pollution and zero emissions. Water-based wood varnish and wood wax oil are environmentally friendly coatings with low VOC emissions. The entire production process generates no harmful waste, aligning with green environmental protection principles. Furthermore, this invention allows young children to experience natural materials and environmental concepts from a young age, cultivating environmental awareness and a sense of sustainable development, thus possessing long-term educational significance.

[0042] Eighth, it is economically viable. The raw materials used in this invention, such as wool, reeds, and plant dyes, are abundant and inexpensive in Xinjiang and other regions. The utilization of waste wood further reduces costs. The manufacturing process does not require complex equipment, resulting in low labor costs. The finished teaching aids are durable; wool felt products can quickly recover their shape after folding and are not easily deformed, ensuring a long service life. One set of teaching aids can be used by multiple preschool classes for many years, making the cost per child very low. Compared to purchasing commercially available teaching aids, this invention has a significant economic advantage and is particularly suitable for kindergartens in economically underdeveloped areas.

[0043] In summary, through systematic technological innovation and educational design, this invention successfully transforms traditional wool-making techniques into modern teaching aids suitable for early childhood education. It significantly improves safety, educational function, operability, and cultural heritage, possessing important educational, cultural, and social value, and is suitable for promotion and application in kindergartens, especially in ethnic minority areas. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below through specific embodiments. The raw materials and equipment used in the following embodiments are all commercially available conventional products, and the specific parameters and sources are described in the descriptions of each embodiment.

[0045] Example 1: Production of Multi-Layer Wet Felt Teaching Aids Based on Merino Wool

[0046] Step 1: Raw material pretreatment:

[0047] Take 500g of Merino wool (fiber diameter 20μm, fiber length 65mm, purchased from a wool processing factory in Xinjiang) and soak it in a weakly alkaline solution at 45℃ for 20 minutes. Preparation of the weakly alkaline solution: Weigh 100g of natural plant soap (pH approximately 9.0), dissolve it in 2000mL of deionized water, mix thoroughly, and measure the pH to be 9.2, which meets the requirements. During soaking, gently turn the wool every 5 minutes to ensure even soaking. After soaking, remove the wool, gently squeeze out excess water without wringing, and lay it flat in a ventilated place to air dry naturally until the moisture content is approximately 10% (slightly damp to the touch but not dripping), which takes approximately 4–6 hours.

[0048] Step 2: Making the base for the reed weaving:

[0049] Fresh reeds (harvested from Altay region, Xinjiang) are collected. After removing the leaves, the stems are dried and cut into 25cm long sections, each approximately 3-5mm in diameter. A rectangular wooden frame (50cm x 40cm, made of pine wood, with a 3cm wide and 2cm thick border) is constructed. Ten cotton threads are stretched taut along the wooden frame at 5cm intervals as warp threads. The reed sections are then used as weft threads, interwoven with the warp threads. Each reed section is secured with cotton thread at the intersection. The weaving density is approximately 10 threads / 10cm². This results in a sturdy reed weave base.

[0050] Step 3: Making wool felt:

[0051] (1) Laying the wool: Lay the first layer of wool on the reed weaving base. Tear the pre-treated wool into thin sheets and lay them evenly in a horizontal direction (parallel to the long side of the wooden frame), with a thickness of about 5mm. Gently press the wool to adhere it to the base. Lay the second layer of wool in a vertical direction (parallel to the short side of the wooden frame), with a thickness of about 5mm. Lay the third layer of wool at a 45° angle, with a thickness of about 5mm. Lay the fourth layer of wool at a 135° angle (perpendicular to the third layer), with a thickness of about 5mm. The total thickness of the four layers of wool is about 20mm, and the total weight is about 300g.

[0052] (2) Spraying water: Use a spray bottle to evenly spray the laid wool layer with hot water at a temperature of 60℃ (measured with a thermometer). When spraying, gradually move from the center outwards to ensure that every part is thoroughly wetted. The total amount of water sprayed is about 1000mL, and the amount of water sprayed per unit area is about 100mL / 100cm² (the base area is about 2000cm²). After spraying water, the wool layer should be completely wet but not dripping, and the thickness should be compressed to about 15mm.

[0053] (3) Soap Application and Rubbing: Cover the damp wool layer with a layer of polyethylene mesh (mesh size approximately 1mm, dimensions 60cm x 50cm). Hold a natural plant-based soap (the same soap used in step one) and apply it to the mesh in a clockwise circular motion, with a circumference of approximately 10cm. Apply pressure of approximately 0.5kg / cm² (using the heel of your palm, pressing down to a depth of approximately 2-3mm). Apply for 8 minutes. During the application process, continuously spray small amounts of warm water onto the mesh to keep it moist, with a total water spray volume of approximately 200mL. After application, you can clearly feel the wool layer beginning to shrink and harden.

[0054] (4) Rolling and pressing: Remove the mesh cloth, roll up the wool layer together with the reed base from one end, the diameter of the roll is about 10cm, and wrap and tie it with cotton rope around the outside. Tie it tightly but not too tightly to avoid flattening.

[0055] Initial gentle rolling: Place the roll on a table and press it with both hands to roll it back and forth, applying pressure of about 0.3 kg / cm² (light pressure with the palms), at a rolling frequency of about 20 times / minute, for 10 minutes. Unroll and check every 3 minutes to see if the wool fibers start to stick together; at this time, the wool layer is still relatively soft.

[0056] Medium-pressure rolling in the middle stage: Increase the pressure of your palm to about 0.7 kg / cm², and roll at a frequency of about 20 times / minute for 10 minutes. Check the wool layer every 3 minutes. At this time, the wool layer will shrink and harden significantly, with the thickness shrinking from 15 mm to about 10 mm, and you can feel that the fibers have become entangled.

[0057] Later, apply strong rolling pressure: Increase the pressure further, applying approximately 1.5 kg / cm² (pressing firmly with both hands), rolling at a frequency of approximately 20 times / minute, and continuing to roll for 10 minutes. Unroll and check every 3 minutes of rolling. At this point, the wool felt is very strong, the thickness has shrunk to approximately 7 mm, and it is not easily deformed by pulling it by hand.

[0058] The entire rolling and pressing process takes 30 minutes, during which it is checked 9 times, and the pressure and rolling intensity are gradually increased according to the degree of felting.

[0059] (5) Rinsing and Drying: Unfold the prepared wool felt and rinse it with clean water at 40℃. Gently rub to remove soap residue while rinsing until the water runs clear and there is no foam. The total rinsing time is about 5 minutes, and the water consumption is about 5L. After rinsing, gently squeeze out excess water and lay it flat in a ventilated place to air dry naturally for about 24 hours. After drying, you will get a wool felt substrate with a size of about 45cm × 35cm (shrinkage of about 10% compared to the original substrate), a thickness of about 6mm, and a weight of about 250g (dry weight). It has a soft and elastic feel and a dense and firm structure.

[0060] Step 4: Wool dyeing treatment:

[0061] Preparation of natural plant dyes:

[0062] Madder red dye: Take 100g of dried madder rhizome (purchased from a Chinese herbal medicine market), crush it to a particle size of about 1mm, add 2500mL of deionized water, and decoct at 90℃ for 60 minutes, stirring constantly during the process. After decoction, filter with gauze to obtain about 2000mL of deep red dye solution.

[0063] Gardenia yellow dye: Take 100g of dried gardenia fruit, crush it to a particle size of about 1mm, add 2500mL of deionized water, decoct at 85℃ for 50 minutes, and filter to obtain about 2000mL of yellow dye solution.

[0064] Turmeric orange dye: Take 100g of dried turmeric rhizome, crush it to a particle size of about 1mm, add 2500mL of deionized water, decoct at 85℃ for 50 minutes, and filter to obtain about 2000mL of orange-yellow dye solution.

[0065] Indigo blue dye: Take 50g of indigo paste (purchased from the dye supplier), add 2000mL of warm water, stir to dissolve, and obtain a blue dyeing solution.

[0066] Dyeing operation:

[0067] Take 100g of white wool from step one, divide it into four portions of 25g each, and dye them in red, yellow, orange, and blue respectively.

[0068] Red dyeing: Take 25g of white wool and put it into 500mL of madder dyeing solution (dye solution to wool mass ratio 20:1), add alum. 1.5g (6% of the wool's weight) is soaked in the dye at 55℃ for 20 minutes, turning the wool constantly to ensure even dyeing. After dyeing, the wool is removed, rinsed with clean water until no colorless liquid flows out, and then dried to obtain bright red wool.

[0069] Yellow dyeing: Take 25g of white wool, put it into 500mL of gardenia dyeing solution, add 1.5g of alum, immerse it at 55℃ for 20 minutes, rinse and dry to obtain yellow wool.

[0070] Orange dyeing: Take 25g of white wool, put it into 500mL of turmeric dyeing solution, add 1.5g of alum, immerse it at 55℃ for 20 minutes, rinse and dry to obtain orange wool.

[0071] Blue dyeing: Take 25g of white wool and put it into 500mL of indigo dyeing solution, then add ferrous sulfate. 1.0g (4% of the wool weight) was soaked in dye at 50°C for 25 minutes, then rinsed and dried to obtain blue wool.

[0072] Color fastness test of four colors of wool: The dyed wool was soaked in 40℃ water for 30 minutes and rubbed. After being taken out and dried, there was no obvious color change and no obvious color fading in the water, indicating that the color fastness was good.

[0073] Step 5: Making wool yarn:

[0074] Take 20g of the red wool obtained in step four, tear it into strips approximately 1cm wide and 30cm long, and twist them in your palm using an S-twist (clockwise) direction at a speed of about 40 times per minute for about 2 minutes. The wool strips will gradually become tighter, forming yarn with a diameter of about 2mm and a twist of about 120 twists per 10cm. The twisted yarn should feel firm, not easily broken when pulled, and slightly loose but not unraveling. Twist 20g each of yellow, orange, and blue yarn using the same method.

[0075] To make multi-ply yarn: Take two red single-ply yarns and twist them together in a Z-twist direction (counter-clockwise) at a speed of about 35 times per minute for about 1 minute. This will give you a red multi-ply yarn with a diameter of about 3mm and a twist of about 80 twists per 10cm. Multi-ply yarn is thicker and stronger than single-ply yarn, making it suitable for weaving.

[0076] Step Six: Making the Felt Painting

[0077] Create a simple flower pattern on the wool felt substrate (45cm×35cm) obtained in step three. First, lightly draw the outline of the flower on the surface of the wool felt with chalk. The flower diameter is about 10cm.

[0078] Take 5g of the red wool obtained in step four, tear it into small pieces, and arrange them on the surface of the felt according to the flower outline. Using a coarse needle (1.8mm diameter, 5 barbs, 0.5mm long), repeatedly poke the felt perpendicular to the surface, to a depth of about 4mm (2 / 3 of the 6mm thickness of the felt), at a density of about 20 pokes / cm², with a force of about 100g (hold the needle handle and poke vertically downwards; you should feel some resistance but not much effort), for about 5 minutes. After the coarse needle pokes, the red wool has been initially fixed to the felt surface, but the edges are still somewhat loose.

[0079] Switch to a medium needle (1.2mm diameter, 4 barbs, 0.4mm length) and continue poking, focusing on the edges and center of the flower. Poking density should be approximately 25 times / cm², and the poking time should be approximately 3 minutes. After poking with the medium needle, the flower outline is clearer, and the red wool adheres more tightly to the felt surface.

[0080] Finally, use a fine needle (0.8mm diameter, 3 barbs, 0.3mm long) to evenly prick the surface of the flower, at a density of about 15 times / cm², for about 2 minutes. After pricking with the fine needle, the flower surface is smooth and flat, the needle holes are small and inconspicuous, and the overall effect is exquisite and beautiful.

[0081] Use the same method to make the flower stamens with yellow wool and the leaves with green wool (obtained by mixing yellow and blue wool). The complete felt painting is finished; the pattern is vibrant and durable, and will not come off when touched or gently pulled.

[0082] Step 7: Making the woven fabric:

[0083] To make the wooden woven frame: Use pine planks (1.5cm thick) to make a rectangular frame with outer dimensions of 40cm × 30cm and inner dimensions of 36cm × 26cm. Drill holes on both the top and bottom sides of the frame, spaced 1.5cm apart, for a total of 25 holes.

[0084] Fixing the warp threads: Take the red stranded thread obtained in step five, thread it through the first hole, pull it to the opposite hole and out, repeat this process to fix 25 warp threads to the frame. After tightening each warp thread, fix it with a small wooden nail to ensure that the tension is about 200g (you can feel a certain tension when you pull it by hand, but it is not too tight), and the tension of all warp threads is basically the same.

[0085] Weaving the weft: Take the yellow ply yarn obtained in step five and wind it around a small shuttle (the shuttle is made of bamboo strips, 10cm long and 2cm wide). Holding the shuttle, pass it through the warp threads from left to right. The first weft thread passes through the first warp thread, then the second warp thread, then the third warp thread, and so on, alternating between the two. After passing it to the far right, use a wooden comb (2mm tooth spacing) to press the weft thread downwards firmly. The pressing force should be moderate to make the fabric flat but not too tight.

[0086] The second weft thread is passed back from right to left, this time alternating between the first warp thread, the second warp thread, the third warp thread, and so on. After passing through, it is also pressed firmly with a wooden comb. This process is repeated to form a plain weave. During the weaving process, the weft tension is maintained at approximately 150g. Every 5-10 weft threads, the fabric is checked for flatness, and the tension is adjusted if necessary.

[0087] After weaving, the fabric size is approximately 35cm × 20cm (warp shrinkage is about 14%, weft shrinkage is not obvious due to tight weaving). The fabric feels firm and flat, with a warp density of about 28 threads / 10cm and a weft density of about 25 threads / 10cm. Remove the fabric from the frame and tie knots at both ends of the warp threads to secure it and prevent it from loosening.

[0088] Step 8: Assemble the teaching aids:

[0089] (1) Making the cabinet:

[0090] Collect scrap wood boards (pine boards 1.5-2.0cm thick) and cut them to the required size:

[0091] Two cabinet side panels: 70cm x 50cm;

[0092] Two cabinet top and bottom panels: 70cm x 50cm;

[0093] One cabinet back panel: 70cm x 47cm;

[0094] Two drawer dividers: 68cm x 48cm;

[0095] Three drawer panels: 65cm x 15cm;

[0096] Six drawer side panels: 48cm x 15cm;

[0097] Three drawer bottom panels: 65cm x 47cm;

[0098] Drill holes (3mm in diameter) at the joints of the boards using a manual electric drill. Then, use wood screws (4cm long, 3mm in diameter) to connect and secure the boards, assembling a three-drawer cabinet. The cabinet's external dimensions are 70cm long, 50cm wide, and 70cm high. The interior is divided into three layers, each approximately 20cm high.

[0099] All wooden parts are sanded (first use 80-grit coarse sandpaper to remove burrs, then use 180-grit fine sandpaper to smooth them), until the surface is smooth, delicate, and free of burrs, and feels soft to the touch. All edges and corners are rounded with sandpaper to a radius of about 5mm to prevent children from bumping into them and getting hurt.

[0100] After sanding, wipe away any sawdust with a clean, damp cloth, then apply an environmentally friendly water-based wood varnish (a certain brand of environmentally friendly water-based varnish, VOC content <50g / L, meeting national environmental standards). Apply two coats, with a 4-hour interval between each coat, for a total thickness of approximately 0.3mm. Allow the varnish to air dry in a well-ventilated area for 24 hours, until the film is completely dry and odorless, before use.

[0101] All metal fittings (wood screws, hinges, etc.) are designed with rounded heads, with the nail heads flush with or slightly below the surface of the wood to prevent protruding sharp metal from injuring young children.

[0102] (2) Install the reed weaving frame:

[0103] On the left side of the cabinet (70cm x 50cm), 10cm from the top and 5cm from the side, fix a wooden frame (outer frame dimensions 35cm x 25cm, inner frame dimensions 30cm x 20cm, frame thickness 2cm) with wood screws. Drill holes on the top and bottom sides of the wooden frame, 2cm apart, for a total of 15 holes. Thread cotton thread through the holes as warp threads, pull them taut, and secure them to form a reed weaving frame. Children can weave reed mats on this frame.

[0104] (3) Making the winding panel:

[0105] Fix a wooden board (35cm x 25cm, 1cm thick) to the right side of the cabinet, 10cm from the top and 5cm from the side. Nail 20 round-headed nails into the board in a regular pattern (such as a five-pointed star), 5cm apart, 2cm long (1cm embedded in the board and 1cm protruding), with 8mm diameter round heads. Children can wrap yarn around these nails to create various patterns.

[0106] (4) Making a small loom:

[0107] Construct a small loom on top of the cabinet. The loom's structure is similar to the weaving frame used in step seven, but smaller (outer frame dimensions 30cm x 20cm). Fix two supports (10cm high) to the top of the cabinet, 10cm from the front edge, using wood screws. Attach the loom frame to the supports; the frame can rotate around its axis to adjust the angle, making it easy for children to operate. Fix warp threads to the loom, allowing children to perform simple weaving operations.

[0108] (5) Place wool products:

[0109] Fold the wool felt substrate (45cm×35cm, weight 250g) obtained in step three and place it in the first drawer.

[0110] Place the colored wool (25g each of red, yellow, orange, and blue) obtained in step four into small cloth bags and put them into the second drawer.

[0111] Wind the colored yarn (20g each of red, yellow, orange, and blue) obtained in step five into a ball and place it in the second drawer.

[0112] Lay the felt painting (45cm×35cm) obtained in step six flat in the first drawer.

[0113] Fold the woven fabric (35cm×20cm) obtained in step seven and place it in the third drawer.

[0114] Meanwhile, place the crafting tools in each drawer: mesh fabric, five each of coarse, medium and fine needles, wooden combs, shuttles, spray bottles, etc., and store them in small boxes for easy access and return by the children.

[0115] (6) Configure the operation instruction card:

[0116] There are 8 instruction cards in total, corresponding to wool pretreatment, reed weaving, wool felt making, wool dyeing, wool spinning, felt painting making, woven fabric making, and safety precautions.

[0117] Each card measures 15cm x 20cm, printed on 250g coated paper, and laminated (0.1mm thick lamination) for water and stain resistance. The front of the card displays operating instructions using a combination of text and images: a color illustration on the left (occupying 50% of the card area) and brief text instructions on the right (large font, no more than 20 words per step). The back of the card contains educational objectives and safety tips.

[0118] For example, a card for "Wool Felt Making":

[0119] Front left illustration: Step-by-step color illustrations showing the operation method of five steps: laying down the fur, spraying water, applying soap, rolling, and rinsing. Each step is accompanied by an illustration of 10cm×8cm.

[0120] Text on the right side of the front:

[0121] Step 1: Lay out layers of wool;

[0122] Step 2: Spray with warm water;

[0123] Step 3: Apply soap and gently rub;

[0124] Step 4: Roll it up and roll it around;

[0125] Step 5: Rinse thoroughly with clean water;

[0126] Text on the back:

[0127] Educational Objectives: Through wool felting, young children can learn the principles of wool felting, develop fine motor skills, cultivate patience and concentration, and learn about traditional Kazakh crafts.

[0128] Safety tips: The water temperature should not exceed 70℃. Take precautions to prevent burns. Parents or teachers should supervise and guide the operation.

[0129] Place the eight instruction cards into a transparent file bag and hang it on the side of the cabinet for children and teachers to refer to at any time.

[0130] After completing Example 1, a complete set of early childhood education aids based on wool products is obtained, including a three-drawer cabinet, a reed weaving frame, a winding panel, a small loom, as well as finished products such as wool felt substrate, colored wool, colored yarn, felt paintings, and woven fabrics, along with operating tools and instruction cards. The entire set of teaching aids is aesthetically pleasing, structurally stable, highly safe, and fully functional, making it suitable for use in kindergartens.

[0131] Example 2: Production of traditional wet felt teaching aids based on Kazakh wool

[0132] Step 1: Raw material pretreatment:

[0133] 600g of Kazakh wool (fiber diameter 23μm, fiber length 70mm, purchased from a herdsman in Habahe County, Xinjiang) was taken. This wool was from local Kazakh sheep sheared in the autumn; the fibers are relatively coarse but have good strength. It was soaked in a weakly alkaline solution at 48℃ for 18 minutes. The weakly alkaline solution was prepared by weighing 80g of natural plant-based soap, dissolving it in 1600mL of deionized water, and determining the pH to be 9.5. After soaking, the wool was removed and air-dried until the moisture content was approximately 8%.

[0134] Step 2: Making the base for the reed weaving:

[0135] Similar to Example 1, a 50cm×40cm reed weaving base was made, with a weaving density of approximately 9 strands / 10cm².

[0136] Step 3: Making Wool Felt (Traditional Craft):

[0137] (1) Wool carding: The pre-treated wool is laid flat on the reed base and gently patted with red willow twigs (about 5mm in diameter and 50cm in length) to fluff and disperse the wool fibers. The patting frequency is about 30 times / minute and the patting time is about 10 minutes. After patting, the wool thickness is fluffed from about 3cm to about 8cm, and the gaps between the fibers are increased, which is beneficial for subsequent wool spreading and felting.

[0138] (2) Laying the wool: Five layers of wool are laid on the reed base. The first layer is laid along the 0° direction (horizontal direction), with a thickness of about 6 mm and a weight of about 80 g. The second layer is laid along the 90° direction (vertical direction), with a thickness of about 6 mm and a weight of about 80 g. The third layer is laid along the 45° direction, with a thickness of about 6 mm and a weight of about 80 g. The fourth layer is laid along the 135° direction, with a thickness of about 6 mm and a weight of about 80 g. The fifth layer is laid along the 0° direction, with a thickness of about 6 mm and a weight of about 80 g. The total thickness of the five layers of wool is about 30 mm, and the total weight is about 400 g, forming a three-dimensional network structure.

[0139] (3) Humidification: Spray hot water at a temperature of 65℃ evenly onto the laid wool layer. The spraying amount is about 110mL / 100cm², and the total spraying amount is about 1200mL. After spraying, the wool layer is completely wet and the thickness is compressed to about 20mm.

[0140] (4) Apply soap and rub: Cover with mesh gauze and apply soap in a circular motion, applying pressure of about 0.6 kg / cm² for 10 minutes. Spray a small amount of warm water every 2 minutes during the application process to keep the area moist.

[0141] (5) Rolling and felting: Remove the mesh fabric, and tightly roll up the wool layer together with the reed base from one end, with a roll diameter of about 12cm. Tie it with cotton rope. Roll in three stages:

[0142] Initial setting: pressure 0.4 kg / cm², frequency 20 times / minute, duration 10 minutes.

[0143] Mid-term: Pressure 0.8 kg / cm², frequency 20 times / minute, duration 10 minutes.

[0144] Later stage: pressure 1.6 kg / cm², frequency 20 times / minute, time 12 minutes.

[0145] The total rolling time is 32 minutes. During the rolling process, the roll is unrolled every 3 minutes to check the degree of felting, and then rotated 90° to reroll and roll again to ensure uniform felting in all directions.

[0146] (6) Washing and drying: Rinse with clean water at 38°C for about 6 minutes, using about 6L of water. After drying, the wool felt substrate is obtained, with a size of about 43cm × 33cm, a thickness of about 5mm, and a weight of about 280g. This wool felt has a relatively stiff feel, a very dense structure, and higher strength than Example 1, making it more suitable for making items that need to bear weight, such as cushions and floor mats.

[0147] Steps four through eight:

[0148] The dyeing, twisting, felt painting, weaving, and assembly steps are similar to those in Example 1 and will not be repeated here. The difference lies in:

[0149] Mordant combination used in dyeing: alum 1.2g + Copper acetate 0.3g (6% of the total wool weight) will result in a deeper color.

[0150] Because wool fibers are relatively coarse, the twisted yarn has a diameter of about 2.5mm and a twist of about 100 twists / 10cm. The yarn is thicker and stronger, making it suitable for knitting larger items such as scarves and shawls.

[0151] Example 2 demonstrates the characteristics of traditional Kazakh wool felt making. The wool carding step is a crucial part of the traditional process, making the wool fluffier and softer, and resulting in thicker, warmer felt. This technique is suitable for young children to experience the complete traditional process, enhancing their sense of identity with their ethnic culture.

[0152] Example 3: Production of a simple wet felt teaching aid based on Tibetan wool

[0153] Step 1: Raw material pretreatment:

[0154] 400g of Tibetan wool (fiber diameter 18μm, fiber length 55mm, purchased from a wool processing factory in Qinghai) was taken. This wool has fine and soft fibers, suitable for making delicate wool products. It was soaked in a weakly alkaline solution at 42℃ for 22 minutes. The weakly alkaline solution was prepared by weighing 120g of natural plant-based soap, dissolving it in 2400mL of deionized water, and determining the pH to be 8.8. After soaking, the wool was removed and air-dried until the moisture content was approximately 12%.

[0155] Step 2: Making the base for the reed weaving:

[0156] Similar to Example 1, a 50cm×40cm reed weaving base was made, with a weaving density of about 11 strands / 10cm² (slightly denser than Example 1).

[0157] Step 3: Making Wool Felt (Simplified Process):

[0158] (1) Laying down the wool: Lay down three layers of wool on the reed base. The first layer is laid horizontally, with a thickness of about 4 mm and a weight of about 60 g. The second layer is laid vertically, with a thickness of about 4 mm and a weight of about 60 g. The third layer is laid at a 45° angle, with a thickness of about 4 mm and a weight of about 60 g. The total thickness of the three layers of wool is about 12 mm, and the total weight is about 180 g.

[0159] (2) Spraying water: Spray hot water at a temperature of 58℃ evenly onto the laid wool layer, with a spraying amount of about 90mL / 100cm², and a total spraying amount of about 800mL. After spraying water, the wool layer is thoroughly wetted and its thickness is compressed to about 10mm.

[0160] (3) Applying soap and rubbing: Cover with bubble wrap (bubble wrap, bubble diameter about 1cm), apply soap to the surface of the bubble wrap in a circular motion, apply pressure of about 0.4kg / cm², and rub for 6 minutes. Compared with mesh gauze, the raised bubbles of bubble wrap provide more friction points, promote felting, and are simpler and safer to operate, making them suitable for young children.

[0161] (4) Kneading and compacting: Remove the bubble film and directly knead the wool layer surface with your hands in a circular motion, applying pressure of approximately 0.5 kg / cm² for 12 minutes. During the kneading process, continuously spray small amounts of warm water onto the wool layer to keep it moist, with a total spray volume of approximately 300 mL. Knead until the wool layer noticeably shrinks and hardens, with a thickness reduced to approximately 6 mm. This direct kneading method is simpler than rolling and pressing, easier for young children to master, and suitable for preschool children.

[0162] (5) Washing and drying: Rinse with clean water at 40℃ for about 4 minutes, using about 4L of water. After drying, you will get wool felt substrate with a size of about 46cm × 36cm, a thickness of about 5mm, and a weight of about 150g. This wool felt has a soft and delicate feel and is suitable for making delicate items such as decorations and dolls.

[0163] Steps four through eight:

[0164] The dyeing, twisting, felt painting, weaving, and assembly steps are similar to those in Example 1. The difference lies in:

[0165] The dyeing process uses a relatively low temperature of 50℃ and a soaking time of 20 minutes to obtain a soft and elegant color, which is consistent with the delicate characteristics of Tibetan wool.

[0166] When twisting the yarn, because the wool fibers are fine and soft, the twisted yarn has a diameter of about 1.5mm and a twist of about 130 twists / 10cm. The yarn is fine and uniform, making it suitable for weaving delicate decorations such as tapestries and small ornaments.

[0167] Example 3 demonstrates the characteristics of a simplified wet felting process, eliminating the steps of carding wool and rolling felting in the traditional process. It uses a direct kneading method, making the operation simpler and safer, suitable for younger children (such as 3-4 year olds in kindergarten), reducing the technical difficulty and increasing the fun. At the same time, using bubble wrap instead of mesh cloth makes the tools easier to obtain and lowers the cost.

[0168] Example 4: Production of Multicolored Wool Felt Paintings and Intricate Woven Fabrics

[0169] This embodiment, based on Embodiment 1, focuses on demonstrating diverse production methods for felt paintings and woven fabrics.

[0170] Steps one through five: Same as in Example 1.

[0171] Step Six: Felt Painting Creation (Complex Patterns):

[0172] Create a more complex landscape painting on the wool felt substrate (45cm×35cm) obtained in step three, including elements such as sky, grassland, yurt, and sheep. The painting size is approximately 40cm×30cm.

[0173] (1) Background creation:

[0174] The sky section (upper half of the image, approximately 40cm x 15cm): Take 10g of blue wool, tear it into thin sheets, and spread it evenly on the upper half of the felt. Use a coarse needle (1.8mm diameter) to poke and secure it, at a density of approximately 18 pokes / cm², for about 8 minutes. Then use a medium needle (1.2mm diameter) to reinforce it, at a density of approximately 22 pokes / cm², for about 5 minutes. Finally, use a fine needle (0.8mm diameter) to finish the surface, at a density of approximately 12 pokes / cm², for about 3 minutes. The total time for the sky section is approximately 16 minutes, resulting in a smooth and even blue background.

[0175] Grass section (lower half of the image, approximately 40cm x 15cm): Take 10g of green wool (made from a mixture of yellow and blue wool), lay it out and fix it by puncturing in the same way.

[0176] (2) Creating the main elements:

[0177] Yurt Construction: The yurt is a traditional dwelling of the Kazakh people, with a domed, conical structure. Take 3g of white wool and arrange it in a circle (approximately 8cm in diameter) in the center of the yurt, then use a thick needle to prick and secure it to form the main body of the yurt. Take 1g of red wool and arrange it in a cone shape on the top of the yurt, then prick and secure it to form the roof. Take 0.5g of brown wool (made from a mixture of red and black wool) and arrange it in a rectangle at the bottom of the yurt, then prick and secure it to form the door. The entire yurt construction takes approximately 15 minutes.

[0178] Making the sheep: Create 5 lambs in the grass area. For each lamb, use about 0.5g of white wool. First, poke out an oval body (about 3cm long and 2cm wide), then poke out a round head (about 1cm in diameter), and finally poke out four thin legs (about 1cm long and 0.3cm in diameter). Scatter the 5 lambs in different locations on the grass. The process takes about 20 minutes.

[0179] Cloud making: Create 3 white clouds in the sky. Use about 1g of white wool for each cloud, and poke it into an irregular cloud shape (about 5cm long and 3cm wide). Scatter the 3 clouds in the sky. The process takes about 10 minutes.

[0180] (3) Detail finishing touches:

[0181] Use a fine needle to refine the edges of each element, making the outline clearer. Use red and yellow wool to prick simple decorative patterns (such as flowers and lines) onto the yurt. Use yellow wool to prick scattered small flowers onto the grass. Final touches will take approximately 15 minutes.

[0182] The entire felt painting was completed in approximately 76 minutes. The painting is rich in color and has distinct layers, possessing a strong Kazakh grassland flavor. It has both artistic value and cultural educational significance.

[0183] Step 7: Fabric Making (Twill Weave):

[0184] This embodiment uses a twill weave, which is different from the plain weave in Embodiment 1.

[0185] Fixing the warp: Fix 25 red strands as warp on a 40cm×30cm weaving frame, with a warp tension of approximately 250g.

[0186] Weaving the weft: Take the yellow plywood and wind it around the shuttle. The first weft thread passes through the warp threads in a 2-up-2-down pattern, that is, it passes through the 1st and 2nd warp threads, the 3rd and 4th warp threads, the 5th and 6th warp threads, and so on. After passing through, press it down with a wooden comb.

[0187] The second parallel of latitude moves one position to the right and passes through it in a 2-up, 2-down pattern, that is, it passes through the 2nd and 3rd meridians, and through the 4th and 5th meridians, and so on.

[0188] The third parallel of latitude moves one position to the right, passing under the 3rd and 4th meridians, and under the 5th and 6th meridians, and so on.

[0189] The fourth parallel of latitude moves one position to the right, passing under the 4th and 5th meridians, and under the 6th and 7th meridians, and so on.

[0190] The fifth parallel of latitude returns to its starting position, passes under the first and second meridians, and begins a new cycle.

[0191] This process of weaving is repeated to form a twill weave. During the weaving process, the weft tension is maintained at approximately 180g, and the fabric is checked for smoothness every 5 to 10 weft threads.

[0192] After weaving, the fabric measures approximately 35cm x 20cm, with a distinct diagonal weave (approximately 45°), giving it a more three-dimensional and decorative appearance than plain weave. The warp density is approximately 30 threads / 10cm, and the weft density is approximately 28 threads / 10cm.

[0193] Other tissues can be woven using the same method:

[0194] Plain weave variation: Using a 1-up-2-down or 2-up-1-down stitching method, irregular plain weave variations are formed.

[0195] Checkered weave: The warp threads use alternating red and yellow, and the weft threads also use alternating red and yellow, woven into a checkered pattern.

[0196] Striped weave: All warp threads are red, and the weft threads change color every 5 threads (red, yellow, blue, green cycle) to form a horizontal striped pattern.

[0197] These different weaving structures and patterns enrich the variety of woven products, satisfying different teaching needs and children's creative desires.

[0198] Step 8: Assemble the teaching aids: Same as in Example 1.

[0199] Example 4 demonstrates the potential of this invention in artistic creation. The complex process of making felt paintings helps children develop their artistic creativity and patience, while the diverse weaving techniques cultivate their design thinking and spatial imagination.

[0200] Example 5: Test on the Application Effect of Teaching Aids in Kindergarten Teaching

[0201] This embodiment tests the actual application effect of the teaching aids made in Embodiment 1 in a kindergarten.

[0202] Test subjects: 30 children (5-6 years old) in a kindergarten senior class, divided into an experimental group of 15 children and a control group of 15 children.

[0203] Test method:

[0204] Experimental group: Using the wool products of this invention as early childhood teaching aids, an 8-week wool-making themed activity was conducted, twice a week for 40 minutes each time, for a total of 16 activities. The activities included wool pretreatment, reed weaving, wool felting, wool dyeing, wool spinning, felt painting, and woven fabric making.

[0205] Control group: Traditional paper crafts and clay sculpture teaching aids were used to carry out the same amount of handicraft activities.

[0206] Test metrics:

[0207] (1) Fine motor skills of the hands: The Peabody Fine Motor Development Scale was used for assessment. The test included 12 fine motor skills such as grasping, pinching, threading, and cutting paper, with a total score of 120 points.

[0208] (2) Hand-eye coordination ability: The visual-motor integration test is used for assessment. The test includes 8 tasks such as drawing, puzzle, and building blocks, with a total score of 80 points.

[0209] (3) Attention span: Record the time a child spends focusing on an activity in a single session, in minutes.

[0210] (4) Creativity: The Torrance Creative Thinking Test for Children is used for assessment. The test includes four dimensions: fluency, flexibility, originality and refinement, with a total score of 100 points.

[0211] (5) Cultural identity: A self-designed questionnaire was used to assess children’s knowledge and appreciation of Kazakh culture, wool products and traditional crafts. The total score was 50 points.

[0212] Test results:

[0213] The experimental and control groups were tested before and after the 8-week activity, and the results are as follows:

[0214] Test index Group Before activity average score After activity average score Promotion range Hand fine motor ability (points) Experimental group 75.2 96.8 28.7% Control group 74.8 85.3 14.0% Hand-eye coordination ability (points) Experimental group 52.6 68.4 30.0% Control group 53.1 59.7 12.4% Attention concentration time (minutes) Experimental group 15.3 28.6 86.9% Control group 15.8 19.2 21.5% Creativity (points) Experimental group 62.5 81.3 30.1% Control group 61.9 69.4 12.1% Cultural identity (points) Experimental group 18.6 42.8 130.1% Control group 18.2 22.5 23.6%

[0215] Data Analysis:

[0216] The test results show that the experimental group showed significantly greater improvement in all test indicators than the control group.

[0217] The improvement in fine motor skills was 28.7%, which is 2.05 times that of the control group (14.0%). This indicates that the operations involved in wool making, such as tearing wool, spreading wool, kneading, poking, twisting yarn, and weaving, are very effective in improving the dexterity and strength control of young children's fingers.

[0218] The improvement in hand-eye coordination was 30.0%, which is 2.42 times that of the control group (12.4%). Wool making requires a high degree of coordination between visual observation and hand movements, such as evenly spreading the wool, accurately poking, and regularly weaving. These operations significantly improved the children's hand-eye coordination.

[0219] Attention span increased by 86.9%, which is 4.04 times that of the control group (21.5%), representing the most significant improvement. The wool-making process is continuous and the results are visible; for example, the felting process requires continuous kneading for 20-30 minutes to see the effect, which cultivates children's patience and concentration. Furthermore, the soft touch of wool and the gradual changes are highly attractive to children, enabling them to maintain their attention for extended periods.

[0220] Creativity increased by 30.1%, which is 2.49 times that of the control group (12.1%). Felt painting and weaving pattern design provide children with ample creative space. They can freely choose colors, design patterns, and create works, which greatly stimulates their creativity and imagination.

[0221] Cultural identity increased by 130.1%, which is 5.51 times that of the control group (23.6%), making this the most significant difference. Through hands-on experience in traditional Kazakh wool-making techniques, the children gained a deeper understanding and appreciation of their ethnic culture, establishing a strong sense of cultural identity and pride.

[0222] Security assessment:

[0223] During the 16 activities held over 8 weeks (480 participants), no burns, punctures, or other safety incidents occurred. Teachers strictly followed the instruction cards to guide the children, controlling the hot water temperature, instructing them on the use of the needles, and supervising the entire process to ensure safety. Children reported that the warm water (55-70℃) was comfortable and not too hot to handle, that the needle-sticking activity was fun but required caution, and that overall the experience was safe and comfortable.

[0224] Teacher feedback:

[0225] The three teachers who participated in the activity unanimously agreed that the wool-made early childhood educational toys of this invention are scientifically designed, with clear operating instructions, complete tools and materials, and convenient for teaching organization. The integrated cabinet design is particularly popular; all materials and tools are housed in one cabinet, making retrieval and return very convenient and cultivating children's tidying and organizing habits. The instruction cards are illustrated, allowing even children who cannot read to understand the operating steps, reducing the teacher's burden. The multi-level difficulty settings (simple wet felting and traditional wet felting, simple patterns and complex patterns, plain weave and twill weave, etc.) allow teachers to flexibly choose according to the children's abilities, meeting personalized teaching needs.

[0226] Parent feedback:

[0227] Through a parent questionnaire survey (30 questionnaires distributed and 30 returned, 100% return rate), 90% of parents reported that their children actively shared the wool-making skills they learned at kindergarten after returning home, showing great interest. 80% of parents reported that their children's hand-eye coordination had improved, with significant improvements in daily life skills such as tying shoelaces and buttoning buttons. 75% of parents reported that their children's attention span had significantly increased, enabling them to independently complete tasks requiring patience. 85% of parents expressed satisfaction with the educational toy, believing it to have both educational and cultural value, and hoped that the kindergarten would continue to conduct similar activities.

[0228] The test results of Example 5 show that the wool products of the present invention have significant effects in actual teaching applications. They can effectively improve children's fine motor skills, hand-eye coordination, attention span, creativity and cultural identity. They are safe, and teachers and parents are highly satisfied, thus having high educational practice value.

[0229] Comparative Example 1: Traditional high-temperature wet felting process (not suitable for young children)

[0230] The traditional wool felt making process is adopted, the hot water temperature is 90℃, and the other steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0231] Results: A hot water temperature of 90℃ is too high for young children, posing a risk of burns. Although the felting effect was good (felting time was shortened to 15 minutes, and the felt was denser), it was not suitable for safe handling by young children. During the test, some children accidentally touched the hot water while spraying it and felt it was too hot (although it did not cause burns, it caused discomfort), proving that this temperature is not suitable for the use of educational toys for young children.

[0232] Comparative Example 1 illustrates that the method of controlling the hot water temperature of the wet felt at 55-70℃ is carefully designed to ensure the felting effect while guaranteeing the safety of children's operation. This is one of the important innovations of this invention.

[0233] Comparative Example 2: Dyeing with chemically synthesized dyes (does not meet environmental protection requirements)

[0234] Chemically synthesized reactive dyes (a certain brand of textile dye) were used to replace natural plant dyes, and the other steps were the same as in Example 1.

[0235] Results: Chemically synthesized dyes produced excellent staining results, with vibrant colors, short staining time (only 5 minutes), and high color fastness. However, chemical dyes contain toxic and harmful components, such as heavy metals. , These products do not meet the safety standards for children's products. Furthermore, the use of chemical dyes negates the educational value of natural dyeing, preventing young children from understanding traditional natural dyeing techniques.

[0236] Comparative Example 2 illustrates that the use of natural plant dyes (madder, gardenia, turmeric, and indigo) in this invention is the correct choice. Although the dyeing time is relatively long (15-30 minutes), it is completely non-toxic and harmless, meets environmental protection requirements, and has cultural heritage and educational significance.

[0237] Comparative Example 3: Unidirectional pile fabric (insufficient strength)

[0238] The unidirectional wool laying method is adopted, in which all wool layers are laid in the same direction (horizontal direction), and the other steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0239] Results: Wool felt made with unidirectional pile fabric exhibits high strength in the horizontal direction but significantly insufficient strength in the vertical direction. Tensile tests showed a horizontal tensile strength of 15 MPa and a vertical tensile strength of only 6 MPa, indicating significant anisotropy. Furthermore, wool felt is prone to tearing along the vertical direction, resulting in poor durability.

[0240] Compared to the three-dimensional interwoven network felting method used in this invention (first layer horizontal, second layer vertical, third layer inclined at 45°, with adjacent layers at an angle of 45°-90°), the wool felt produced has basically consistent strength in all directions, a tensile strength of approximately 12-14 MPa, good isotropy, is not easily torn, and has high durability. This felting method draws on the reinforcement principle of composite materials and is one of the innovations of this invention.

[0241] Comparative Example 4: Constant pressure rolling and pressing (uneven felting)

[0242] A constant pressure rolling method was used, with the pressure applied at 1.0 kg / cm² throughout the entire rolling process (30 minutes). Other steps were the same as in Example 1.

[0243] Results: The wool felt produced by constant pressure rolling and pressing exhibited uneven felting in some areas (too dense and stiff) and insufficient felting in others (still relatively soft). The edge areas, in particular, were less felted due to lower pressure and were prone to crumbling.

[0244] Compared to the staged variable pressure rolling and pressing method used in this invention (initial 0.2–0.5 kg / cm², middle 0.5–1.0 kg / cm², and later 1.0–1.8 kg / cm², dynamically adjusted according to the degree of felting in each stage), the wool felt produced is uniformly felted, with consistent density in each area and stable quality. This staged variable pressure method is one of the innovations of this invention, ensuring the stability and controllability of the felting effect.

[0245] Comparative Example 5: Single-needle processing (low efficiency and poor quality)

[0246] The felt painting was processed using a single punching needle (medium needle, 1.2mm in diameter), without using coarse or fine needles. The other steps were the same as in Example 1.

[0247] Results: The felt painting produced using a single needle punch takes longer (approximately 25 minutes, 150% longer than the 10 minutes of this invention) and is less efficient. Furthermore, the quality of the finished product is poor. During the initial fixation, the small barbs of the needles result in less fiber movement, requiring repeated punching to achieve initial fixation, which is time-consuming and laborious. Later finishing work is also affected by the larger needle holes left by the needles, resulting in a less smooth and delicate surface, impacting the aesthetics.

[0248] Compared to the three-stage perforation needle processing method used in this invention (coarse needle for rapid shaping, medium needle for compaction and fixation, and fine needle for surface finishing), the production time is shorter (approximately 10 minutes), more efficient, and produces higher-quality work with a smooth, delicate surface and clear, aesthetically pleasing contours. This three-stage perforation needle processing method is one of the innovations of this invention, balancing efficiency and quality.

[0249] Comparative Example 6: Dispersed Management of Tools and Materials (Difficulties in Organizing Teaching)

[0250] The tools and materials required for wool production are stored separately, without using the integrated cabinet design of this invention; otherwise, they are the same as in Example 1.

[0251] Results: Decentralized management led to difficulties in organizing teaching. Teachers needed to collect tools and materials from different places before each activity, which was time-consuming, laborious, and prone to omissions. It was also inconvenient for children to access and return the materials, often resulting in them not being able to find the tools or materials they needed, thus affecting the progress of the activity. After the activity, tidying up was chaotic, with tools and materials scattered everywhere, which was not conducive to cultivating children's tidying habits.

[0252] Compared to the integrated design of this invention (which integrates raw material processing, production operations, finished product display, and educational instructions into a single cabinet, and includes a multi-functional operating area with a reed weaving frame, winding panel, and loom, with three drawers for categorized storage of materials and finished products), teaching organization is more convenient, children can easily access and return materials, it cultivates tidying and organizing habits, and greatly improves teaching efficiency and activity quality. This integrated design is a significant innovation of this invention, realizing the transformation from scattered handicraft materials to systematic educational equipment.

[0253] The above examples and comparative examples fully demonstrate the advantages of the present invention in terms of safety, educational function, operational adaptability, and technological innovation, reflecting the significant progress and beneficial effects of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for making a wool-based educational aid for young children, characterised in that, Comprising the following steps: Step one, raw material pretreatment: soak the natural wool in a weak alkaline solution at a temperature of 40-50℃ for 15-25 minutes, the pH value of the weak alkaline solution is 8.5-10.5, take out the wool after soaking and dry naturally to the moisture content of 5%-15%; the weak alkaline solution is prepared by mixing soap and water at a mass ratio of 1:15-1:25; Step two, making of the Anisakia elatine woven base: cut the Anisakia elatine stems into segments with a length of 20-35 cm, and weave them into a woven base on a wooden frame in a warp-weft interlacing manner, the weaving density is 8-12 roots / 10 cm², and cotton thread is used to fix the intersection points of Anisakia elatine during weaving; Step three, making of the wool felt: (1) lay the wool layers on the woven base alternately in the direction perpendicular to the base and in the direction parallel to the base to form a three-dimensional fiber network structure, the thickness of each layer of wool is 3-8 mm, and the number of layers is 3-5; (2) uniformly spray hot water with a temperature of 55-70℃ on the laid wool layer, the spraying amount is determined according to the condition that the wool is completely wet but no water drops, and the unit area water spraying amount is 80-120 mL / 100 cm²; (3) cover the polyethylene mesh gauze on the wet wool layer, and smear soap on the surface of the mesh gauze in a circular motion, the pressure applied during smearing is 0.3-0.8 kg / cm², and the smearing time is 5-10 minutes; (4) remove the mesh gauze, roll up the wool layer together with the woven base, the rolling diameter is 8-15 cm, and the rolled wool is bound with a rope and then rolled and pressed, the rolling frequency is 15-25 times / minute, and the pressing time is 20-35 minutes; (5) after unfolding, wash with clean water with a temperature of 35-45℃ until no soap residue is left on the surface, and then dry naturally in a ventilated environment, and the wool felt base material is obtained after drying; Step four, wool dyeing treatment: place the pretreated wool of step one or the wool felt base material prepared in step three in a dyeing solution, and immerse for 15-30 minutes at a temperature of 45-65℃, the dyeing solution is prepared by mixing natural plant dyes and water at a mass ratio of 1:20-1:35; the natural plant dyes are selected from one or more of madder extract, gardenia extract, turmeric extract, and indigo extract; after dyeing, take out and rinse with clean water until no colored liquid flows out, and dry to obtain colored wool or colored wool felt; Step five, making of wool yarn: take the pretreated wool of step one or the colored wool after dyeing of step four, tear into strips with a width of 0.5-1.5 cm, and twist in a one-way twisting manner in the palm or leg, the twisting speed is 30-50 times / minute, and the twisting time is determined according to the required thickness of the wool yarn, so that the wool strips are gradually compacted to form wool yarn, and the diameter of the wool yarn is 1-3 mm. Step six, felt painting production: the surface of the wool felt substrate prepared in step three is laid with the colored wool prepared in step four, the colored wool is arranged according to the preset pattern, and a spike needle with barbs is used to repeatedly spike vertically to the felt surface, the spiking depth is 2 / 3-4 / 5 of the thickness of the wool felt, the spiking density is 15-30 times / cm2, and the spiking force is 50-150 g, until the colored wool and the wool felt substrate fibers are fully entangled and fixed to form a colored pattern; Step seven, woven fabric production: (1) Fix the warp threads on the wooden weaving frame at an interval of 1-2 cm, the warp threads are the wool yarn prepared in step five; (2) Use a shuttle to drive the weft threads to weave in an alternating up and down manner between the warp threads, and use a wooden comb to compact the weft threads during weaving, the weft threads are the wool yarn prepared in step five; (3) After weaving, take it off from the weaving frame to get the woven fabric; Step eight, assembly of teaching aids: (1) Make a carrying cabinet: use old wooden boards to make a three-drawer cabinet by cutting, drilling and nailing, the cabinet size is 60-80 cm long, 40-60 cm wide and 70-90 cm high; (2) Install a horsetail weaving frame on the side of the cabinet, the weaving frame is composed of a wooden frame and cotton thread warp and weft for children to weave horsetail mats; (3) Make a winding panel on the other side of the cabinet, nail round head nails on the wooden board according to the regular pattern, the nail spacing is 3-8 cm, for children to create wool winding; (4) Make a small loom on the top of the cabinet, fix the warp threads for children to weave; (5) Place the various wool products produced in steps three to seven in the drawers of the cabinet; (6) Configure an operation instruction card, the instruction card is made of waterproof material, and the production method and educational objectives of each type of wool product are explained in a combination of pictures and text.

2. The method of making a wool product based educational aid for young children according to claim 1, wherein, The wool in step one is one or more of merino wool, kazakh wool and Tibetan wool, the wool fiber diameter is 18-25 μm, and the fiber length is 50-80 mm.

3. The method of making a wool product based educational aid for young children as claimed in claim 1, wherein, In step three (1), when laying the wool layer, the first layer of wool fibers is laid horizontally, the second layer of wool fibers is laid vertically, and the third layer of wool fibers is laid at an angle of 45°, forming a three-dimensional interwoven network; the angle between the wool fibers of adjacent two layers is 45°-90°.

4. The method of making a wool product based educational tool for young children as claimed in claim 1, wherein, In step three (3), the soap is a natural plant soap or a traditional handmade soap, with a pH value of 8.5-10.0, and the gauze cloth is kept wet during application, with a mesh size of 0.5-2 mm.

5. The method of making a wool product based educational tool for young children as claimed in claim 1, wherein, In step three (4), the rolling and pressing process is divided into three stages: initial gentle rolling stage, with an applied pressure of 0.2-0.5 kg / cm2 for 8-12 minutes; medium pressure rolling stage, with an applied pressure of 0.5-1.0 kg / cm2 for 8-12 minutes; and high pressure rolling stage, with an applied pressure of 1.0-1.8 kg / cm2 for 8-12 minutes; the rolling process is checked every 3-5 minutes to adjust the subsequent pressure and time according to the felting degree.

6. The method of making a wool product based educational tool for young children as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The natural plant dye in step four is prepared by taking dry plant material of madder, gardenia, turmeric or indigo, crushing to a particle size of 0.5-2 mm, adding water in an amount of 20-30 times the mass of the plant material, and boiling at a temperature of 80-95°C for 45-90 minutes, and then filtering to obtain a dyeing solution; a mordant is added during the dyeing process, and the mordant is one or more of alum , copper acetate , ferrous sulfate , and the amount of the mordant is 3%-8% of the mass of the wool.

7. The method of making a wool product based infant teaching aid according to claim 1, wherein, In step five, the wool yarn is twisted in S or Z direction, and the twist is 80-150 twists per 10 cm. For the case of making multi-strand yarn, 2-4 single-strand yarns are combined and twisted in reverse direction, and the twist of the combined yarn is 60-100 twists per 10 cm.

8. The method of making a wool product based infant teaching aid according to claim 1, wherein, In step six, the punching needle is a special needle with barbs, the number of barbs on the needle tip is 3-8, and the length of the barbs is 0.3-0.8 mm. The perpendicularity deviation of the needle to the felt surface is not more than 10°. The rough needle, medium needle and fine needle are used in the step-by-step punching manner. The diameter of the rough needle is 1.5-2.0 mm for preliminary fixation, the diameter of the medium needle is 1.0-1.5 mm for moderate fixation, and the diameter of the fine needle is 0.5-1.0 mm for surface decoration.

9. The method of making a wool product based infant teaching aid according to claim 1, wherein, In step seven, the plain weave, twill weave or changeable weave is used for knitting, the knitting density is 20-35 warp threads per 10 cm and 18-32 weft threads per 10 cm, and the knitting tension is controlled to make the fabric flat but not too tight, the warp tension is 150-300 g, and the weft tension is 100-250 g.

10. The method of making a wool product based educational tool for young children as claimed in claim 1, wherein, In step eight, all wooden parts are polished to make the surface smooth and free of burrs, and the edges and corners are rounded with a radius of 3-8 mm. The cabinet is coated with environmentally friendly water-based wood paint or natural wood wax oil for protection. All metal accessories are equipped with round head nails or rubberized treatment to avoid sharp edges and corners. The operation instruction card is 10 cm x 15 cm to 15 cm x 20 cm in size, and is waterproofed with film covering. The text description is matched with color illustrations, and the ratio of text to image is 1:1 to 1:2.