Bridge adaptive multi-dimensional damping support device and working method

Abstract

The application provides a bridge adaptive multi-dimensional damping support device and a working method, relates to the field of bridges, and aims to solve the technical problems that the existing bridge damping devices are difficult to consider multi-dimensional vibration control and are dependent on external power supply for adjustment. A vertical damping assembly directly drives an excitation mechanism by using the expansion and contraction movement of a gas spring mechanism, converts mechanical vibration energy into magnetic field energy, and applies the magnetic field energy to magnetorheological fluid, thereby constructing an adaptive vertical damping adjustment mechanism that does not require external energy and has stronger vibration and greater damping. In combination with the rolling friction energy consumption of a friction ball and the displacement constraint of a limiting ring in a horizontal damping assembly, and the composite deformation energy consumption of a damping spring and a limiting cable in a torsional damping assembly, multi-dimensional control of the vertical, horizontal and torsional directions is realized, the problems of single function, non-adaptive adjustment and power failure of traditional bridge damping supports are effectively solved, and the anti-vibration safety and operation stability of the structure in a complex dynamic environment are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridges, specifically to an adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction bearing device for bridges and its working method. Background Technology

[0002] In bridge engineering, vibration damping bearings are key force-transmitting components connecting the superstructure (such as box girders and steel trusses) and the substructure (such as piers and abutments). Vibration damping bearings not only need to reliably transmit vertical loads but also need to adapt to the expansion and contraction deformation of the beam caused by temperature changes and concrete shrinkage and creep, as well as the multidimensional dynamic responses generated during earthquakes, strong winds, or heavy vehicle passage, thus achieving vibration damping and energy dissipation. Currently, the energy-dissipating vibration damping bearings widely used in bridge engineering mainly include lead-core rubber bearings, high-damping rubber bearings, friction pendulum bearings, and various hydraulic viscous dampers. These vibration damping bearings typically dissipate vibration energy by extending the structure's natural vibration period, increasing the damping ratio, or utilizing the elastoplastic deformation of materials, thereby isolating or dissipating the kinetic energy transferred to the superstructure to a certain extent, ensuring the safety and functional maintenance of the bridge structure.

[0003] However, existing bridge energy-dissipating and vibration-damping bearings still cannot meet the comprehensive requirements of adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction when facing complex multidimensional vibration environments, and have insurmountable drawbacks. Traditional bridge bearings usually have extremely high vertical stiffness to support the self-weight of the beam, but when encountering various types of impacts such as the vertical component of near-fault earthquakes or high-frequency vertical impacts from heavy-load trains, they lack effective buffering and damping energy dissipation mechanisms and cannot adjust the damping force in real time according to the vibration intensity. This can easily lead to fatigue damage of the internal components of the bearing or even damage to the beam structure. Existing active control dampers (such as traditional magnetorheological dampers) mostly rely on external power supplies and complex sensor control systems, which are at risk of power failure or response delay in extreme situations such as earthquakes. Furthermore, in wide box girder bridges or curved bridges, earthquakes or wind-induced vibrations are accompanied by torsional moments, and existing bridge vibration-damping bearings are unable to cope with the multidimensional coupling effect of vertical impacts and torsional moments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction bearing device and working method, which has reliable and adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction capability, and integrates vertical vibration reduction adaptive adjustment, lateral rolling friction energy dissipation and torsional deformation energy dissipation to improve vibration reduction performance.

[0005] The first objective of this invention is to provide a bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction bearing device, which adopts the following scheme:

[0006] include:

[0007] The base has an internal cavity with an open top for anchoring the bridge substructure. The top of the base is provided with a support plate for connecting the bridge superstructure.

[0008] The vertical vibration damping assembly includes a gas spring mechanism and an excitation mechanism. One end of the gas spring mechanism is connected to the top plate of the support, and the other end is provided with a movable seat. The gas spring mechanism is provided with magnetorheological fluid that impedes the movement of the piston rod of the gas spring mechanism. The excitation mechanism is sleeved outside the gas spring mechanism and is excited and acts on the magnetorheological fluid under the extension and contraction of the gas spring mechanism.

[0009] The transverse vibration damping assembly includes a friction ball and a limiting ring. The limiting ring is installed in the cavity. The bottom of the movable seat abuts against the ball seat that the friction ball rolls with through an elastic element. The bottom of the friction ball rolls against the bottom surface of the cavity. The edge of the movable seat is located between the limiting ring and the bottom surface of the cavity and abuts against the limiting ring.

[0010] The torsional damping assembly includes at least three damping springs evenly distributed around the gas spring. A limiting cable is inserted inside the damping spring. Energy is dissipated through deformation. One end of the limiting cable and the damping spring are connected to a limiting ring, and the other end is connected to the top plate of the support.

[0011] Furthermore, the gas spring mechanism also includes a sleeve, a sealing cap, and a sealing ring. A guide post is formed by the central protrusion of the movable seat. One end of the sleeve is sealed and connected to the top plate of the support, and the other end is slidably engaged with the guide post. The sleeve is equipped with a spaced-apart sealing cap and a sealing ring. An air cavity is formed between the sealing cap and the sealing end of the sleeve, and a liquid cavity is formed between the sealing cap and the sealing ring to be filled with magnetorheological fluid. One end of the piston rod is connected to the guide post, and the other end passes through the liquid cavity and extends into the air cavity.

[0012] Furthermore, the excitation mechanism includes a coil assembly and an annular permanent magnet. The coil assembly is sleeved and fixed on the sleeve, and the annular permanent magnet is sleeved outside the coil assembly and fixed to the movable seat. When the movable seat moves axially back and forth relative to the sleeve, the coil assembly cuts the magnetic field lines of the annular permanent magnet to generate electricity and then excite the magnet.

[0013] Furthermore, the piston rod segment located inside the liquid cavity is fitted with a piston, which slides in conjunction with the sleeve and has a through hole penetrating the piston.

[0014] Furthermore, multiple exhaust grooves are formed on the outer circumferential wall of the guide post, and an air chamber is formed between the top of the guide post and the sealing ring. The air chamber is connected to the outside through the exhaust grooves, and the airflow exchanged between the air chamber and the outside blows the excitation mechanism.

[0015] Furthermore, a damping pad is installed at the bottom of the cavity, and the bottom of the friction ball rolls along the damping pad.

[0016] Furthermore, a groove is formed at the bottom of the movable seat, an elastic element is installed in the groove, the ball seat slides in the groove, the bottom of the friction ball protrudes out of the groove to contact the bottom of the cavity, and an energy-dissipating ball is installed inside the friction ball to dissipate energy through mutual friction.

[0017] Furthermore, one end of the damping spring extends into the cavity, while the other end extends out of the cavity to connect to the top plate of the support.

[0018] A second objective of this invention is to provide a method for operating an adaptive multidimensional vibration damping bearing device for bridges, utilizing the adaptive multidimensional vibration damping bearing device as described in the first objective, comprising:

[0019] External vertical vibration causes the support top plate and the base to move relative to each other, forcing the gas spring mechanism to extend and retract;

[0020] The telescopic motion triggers the excitation mechanism to work, and the magnetic field acts on the magnetorheological fluid;

[0021] The magnetorheological fluid becomes viscous instantaneously, increasing resistance and thus consuming vibration energy; the faster the vibration, the stronger the excitation and the greater the damping, achieving vertical adaptive vibration reduction.

[0022] External horizontal vibrations are transmitted to the moving seat, which then rolls within the base cavity via friction balls at its bottom.

[0023] The friction force of the rolling friction ball is used to consume energy, while the limiting ring prevents excessive displacement.

[0024] The device is twisted or subjected to significant stretching / compression; the external damping springs deform, and the internal limiting cable stretches accordingly.

[0025] The limiting cable dissipates energy through deformation, and the damping spring provides a rebound force to help the device return to its original position.

[0026] Furthermore, when the support top plate is tilted relative to the base, the moving seat compresses the elastic element, causing the moving seat to tilt relative to the bottom of the cavity, and the limiting ring restricts the maximum tilt angle.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of this invention are:

[0028] To address the technical challenges of existing bridge vibration damping devices, such as their inability to simultaneously control multi-dimensional bridge vibrations and their reliance on external power sources for active adjustment leading to system complexity and potential failure risks, this paper proposes an adaptive vertical damping adjustment mechanism. This mechanism utilizes the telescopic motion of a gas spring to directly drive an excitation mechanism in the vertical damping component, converting vibrational mechanical energy into magnetic field energy that acts on a magnetorheological fluid. This mechanism achieves greater damping with stronger vibrations, eliminating the need for external energy sources. Furthermore, by combining the energy dissipation from the rolling friction of the friction ball and the displacement constraint of the limiting ring in the lateral damping component, as well as the energy dissipation from the combined deformation of the damping spring and the limiting cable in the torsional damping component, multi-dimensional control of vertical, horizontal, and torsional vibrations is achieved. This effectively solves the problems of traditional bridge vibration damping supports, such as limited functionality, lack of adaptive adjustment, and failure upon power outage. The integrated device eliminates the need for external power sources, enhancing the vibration resistance and operational stability of the structure under complex dynamic environments.

[0029] To address the problems of traditional magnetorheological dampers relying on external power supply and having complex magnetic circuit structures that lead to difficult installation and maintenance, this invention adopts a structure in which a coil assembly is sleeved in a fixed sleeve and a ring-shaped permanent magnet is fixed to a movable base, along with a piston with a through hole. When the device vibrates, the movable base drives the permanent magnet to move axially relative to the coil, cutting magnetic field lines to generate an induced current and excite the coil. The generated magnetic field penetrates the sleeve and acts on the magnetorheological fluid flowing through the piston through hole. This not only eliminates the need for external power supply and sensors, thus eliminating the risk of power failure, but also increases the shear flow channel length of the magnetorheological fluid through the piston through hole, improving the response speed and energy consumption efficiency of the magnetically controlled damper, and achieving a compact and highly reliable passive adaptive control.

[0030] To address the problem of performance degradation and even component damage caused by internal coil heating and mechanical friction heat generation in vibration damping devices under long-term or high-frequency vibration conditions, this invention creates an exhaust groove and an air chamber on the circumferential wall of the guide column. Utilizing the reciprocating piston motion of the guide column within the sleeve to generate an air pump effect, the air inside the air chamber is compressed and ejected through the exhaust groove, or external air is drawn into the air chamber through the exhaust groove. This effectively purifies the heated excitation mechanism. Furthermore, the energy of the vibration itself enables active air cooling, effectively solving the problem of heat accumulation in enclosed spaces, significantly reducing coil temperature, and ensuring the magnetoelectric conversion efficiency and operational stability of the device under continuous and severe vibration.

[0031] The system employs a friction ball with an internal energy-dissipating sphere, in conjunction with an elastic element within a bottom groove. When horizontal displacement occurs, the friction ball rolls on a damping pad, generating frictional damping. Simultaneously, the energy-dissipating spheres inside the friction ball undergo disordered collisions due to inertia, consuming additional kinetic energy. The elastic element provides vertical floating space for the friction ball. By combining rolling friction with particle collision energy dissipation, the system improves the horizontal energy dissipation capability. At the same time, the elastic element effectively buffers the hard contact pressure caused by vertical rotation and can accumulate reset potential energy, preventing mechanical jamming and extending the service life of critical moving parts. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a top view schematic diagram of the bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction bearing device in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a front view schematic diagram of the bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction bearing device in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of through holes on the piston inside the sleeve in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 4 This is a full cross-sectional schematic diagram of the bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction bearing device in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 5 This is a top view of the movable seat in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the movable seat in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal movement vibration reduction of the bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction bearing device in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical rotational vibration reduction of the bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction bearing device in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of torsional vibration reduction of the bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction bearing device in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction bearing device installed on a bridge in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction bearing device in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention installed on a bridge in another form.

[0044] Among them, 1. First fastener; 2. Second fastener; 3. Support top plate; 4. Vibration damping spring; 5. Spring retainer; 6. Limiting cable; 7. Base; 8. Fourth fastener; 9. Limiting ring; 10. Damping pad; 11. Third fastener; 12. Moving seat; 13. Friction ball; 14. Energy dissipation ball; 15. Excitation coil; 16. Sleeve; 17. Piston; 18. Magnetorheological fluid; 19. Ring permanent magnet; 20. Sealing ring; 21. Piston rod; 22. Ball seat; 23. Elastic element; 24. Induction coil; 25. Air chamber; 26. Air cavity; 27. Through hole; 28. Sealing cover; 29. ​​Exhaust groove; 30. Bridge superstructure; 31. Bridge substructure; 32. Guide column. Detailed Implementation

[0045] Example 1

[0046] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, such as Figures 1-11 As shown, an adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction bearing device for bridges is presented.

[0047] Existing bridge energy-dissipating vibration damping bearings struggle to simultaneously control vertical, horizontal, and torsional vibrations in complex, multi-dimensional environments. Furthermore, most existing active control dampers rely on external power sources, posing risks of failure during power outages and system complexity. Therefore, this embodiment provides a bridge adaptive multi-dimensional vibration damping bearing device that integrates vertical adaptive adjustment, lateral rolling friction energy dissipation, and torsional deformation energy dissipation. This solves the problems of existing bridge vibration damping bearings being functionally limited, lacking adaptive adjustment, and prone to failure during power outages. It offers advantages such as adaptive damping adjustment based on excitation magnitude without external energy, a compact structure, and high reliability.

[0048] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction bearing device includes a base 7, a bearing top plate 3, and vertical vibration reduction components, lateral vibration reduction components, and torsional vibration reduction components located between the two. The base 7 is used to anchor the substructure 31 of the bridge, and the bearing top plate 3 is used to connect the superstructure 30 of the bridge.

[0049] like Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the base 7, serving as the foundation of the entire device, is anchored to the bridge pier by anchor bolts. Its interior forms a cavity with an open top, used to house and protect the internal precision vibration damping mechanism. The support top plate 3 is located on the top of the base 7 and connected to the main beam of the bridge, such as to the bottom of the web of a steel box girder, to receive externally transmitted vibration loads. When a vehicle passes or an earthquake occurs, the excitation generated by the bridge superstructure 30 causes relative movement between the support top plate 3 and the base 7.

[0050] like Figure 10 As shown, the bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction bearing device in this embodiment can be used independently; as Figure 11 As shown, the bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction bearing device in this embodiment can also be added to a traditional bearing to achieve vibration reduction. In addition to its use in bridge bearings, this embodiment can also be used for vibration reduction in some large equipment and building facilities.

[0051] The vertical vibration damping component is the core part of the bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration damping bearing device, used to bear vertical loads and achieve adaptive damping control. It mainly consists of a gas spring mechanism and an excitation mechanism. One end of the gas spring mechanism is sealed and connected to the bearing top plate 3, and the other end is connected to the movable seat 12 through the piston rod 21. The gas spring mechanism has a liquid-gas coexistence structure inside, with the piston rod 21 as the basic structure. The piston rod 21 can compress a gas chamber 26 inside the gas spring mechanism. The gas chamber 26 can receive the compression action of the piston rod 21, thereby accumulating pressure for reset. In addition, the gas spring mechanism is equipped with a magnetorheological fluid 18 that impedes the movement of the piston rod 21. The excitation mechanism is sleeved outside the gas spring mechanism and is energized by the expansion and contraction of the gas spring mechanism, acting on the magnetorheological fluid 18.

[0052] The lateral vibration damping assembly includes a friction ball 13 and a limiting ring 9, used to isolate and dissipate horizontal vibration energy. It also restricts rotation along the horizontal axis. The limiting ring 9 is installed within the cavity via a fourth fastener 8. The bottom of the movable seat 12 abuts against the ball seat 22, which is rolled by the friction ball 13, via an elastic element 23. The bottom of the friction ball 13 rolls against the bottom surface of the cavity. When a horizontal earthquake or impact occurs, the movable seat 12 drives the friction ball 13 to roll on the damping pad 10, using rolling friction to dissipate energy. The edge of the movable seat 12 is located between the limiting ring 9 and the bottom surface of the cavity, and abuts against the limiting ring 9, preventing the movable seat 12 from dislodging outside the space formed by the limiting ring 9 and the bottom surface of the cavity.

[0053] The torsional damping assembly includes at least three damping springs 4 evenly distributed around the gas spring. A limiting cable 6 passes through each damping spring 4, dissipating energy through deformation. One end of the limiting cable 6 and the damping spring 4 are connected to a limiting ring 9, and the other end is connected to the support top plate 3. The limiting ring 9 is mounted on the base 7 via a fourth fastener 8 passing through the side wall of the base 7. The fourth fastener 8 can be a screw, rivet, etc. The upper end of the damping spring 4 is fixed to the support top plate 3 by a spring retainer 5, and the lower end is fixed to the limiting ring 9 by the spring retainer 5.

[0054] The limiting cable 6 can be made of shape memory alloy. When the device is subjected to torsional torque or large vertical tension, the damping spring 4 deforms, and the limiting cable 6 is stretched at the same time. Utilizing the hyperelasticity or hysteresis effect of the shape memory alloy, the limiting cable 6 consumes a large amount of energy during the deformation process, thereby effectively suppressing torsional and excessive tensile vibrations.

[0055] Specifically, the limiting cable 6 is installed inside the damping spring 4 to prevent the damping spring 4 from being damaged by excessive stretching and to enhance its stability when the damping spring 4 bends or vibrates slightly. The limiting cable 6 is made of a special alloy with high "hysteresis effect" or "superelasticity", such as a shape memory alloy. This material undergoes a stress-induced phase transformation (austenite to martensite transformation) to dissipate energy when large deformation occurs. When the load is removed, it can still largely return to its original shape (superelasticity).

[0056] Specifically, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the base 7 can be integrally cast from metal, forming an open-top cavity inside, with an overall barrel-shaped structure. The bottom of the cavity can be designed as a flat surface to support other components.

[0057] The gas spring mechanism also includes a sleeve 16, a sealing cover 28, and a sealing ring 20. A guide post 32 is formed at the center of the movable seat 12. One end of the sleeve 16 is sealed and connected to the top plate 3 of the support, and the other end is slidably engaged with the guide post 32. The sealing cover 28 and the sealing ring 20 are fixedly installed at intervals inside the sleeve 16. An air cavity 26 is formed between the sealing cover 28 and the sealing end of the sleeve 16. A liquid cavity is formed between the sealing cover 28 and the sealing ring 20 to be filled with magnetorheological fluid 18. One end of the piston rod 21 is connected to the guide post 32, and the other end passes through the liquid cavity and enters the air cavity 26.

[0058] Sleeve 16, as the main structure of the gas spring mechanism, is a cylindrical structure with one end sealed, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 4 As shown, the sealing end of the sleeve 16 is connected to the support top plate 3 via a first fastener 1. The first fastener 1 can be a screw, rivet, etc. The interior of the sleeve 16 provides installation space and a motion guide for other components. The sealing end of the sleeve 16 forms a fixed reference end, while the other end slides with the guide post 32 to guide the movement of the moving seat 12 along the axial direction of the sleeve 16. The material selection for the sleeve 16 typically considers its strength, wear resistance, and sealing performance, but also takes into account the insulation and magnetic field penetration of the corresponding components of the excitation mechanism. Therefore, it can be made of high-strength engineering plastic, and its inner wall surface is precision machined to ensure smooth sliding.

[0059] The sealing cap 28 and the sealing end of the sleeve 16 together define the gas cavity 26, which is used to contain the elastic gas. The sealing cap 28 and the sealing ring 20 form an independent liquid cavity inside the sleeve 16, specifically for filling the magnetorheological fluid 18. The sealing cap 28 and the sealing ring 20 are made of materials with good elasticity and wear resistance, such as special rubber or polytetrafluoroethylene, and are installed inside the sleeve 16 to isolate the gas cavity 26 and the liquid cavity, preventing fluid leakage or mixing of gas and magnetorheological fluid 18, thereby ensuring the independence and effectiveness of their respective functions.

[0060] The guide post 32 is a structure extending from the center of the movable seat 12, providing axial guidance and axial limitation for the extension and retraction of the movable seat 12 relative to the sleeve 16, and also providing an installation position for the lateral vibration damping components. The guide post 32 slides into the other end of the sleeve 16, ensuring that the movable seat 12 can move smoothly and linearly along a preset path during vertical vibration, avoiding lateral swaying or tilting. The guide post 32 is made of a high-hardness, low-friction material, and its surface is finely ground or coated to reduce sliding friction and wear, and improve motion accuracy and service life.

[0061] The air chamber 26 provides elastic restoring force for the gas spring mechanism, and the damping spring 4 also provides elastic restoring force for the gas spring mechanism. The air chamber 26 is formed by the sealing cap 28 and the sealing end of the sleeve 16, and is filled with a gas at a certain pressure, such as nitrogen or argon. When the piston rod 21 enters the air chamber 26 under vibration, the gas is compressed, generating a reaction force, thereby providing vertical elastic support and energy storage function. The volume and internal air pressure of the air chamber 26 can be adjusted according to actual vibration damping requirements to adapt to different loads and vibration frequencies.

[0062] The liquid chamber, located between the sealing cap 28 and the sealing ring 20, is a cavity for containing the magnetorheological fluid 18, ensuring that the magnetorheological fluid 18 is confined within the effective range of the excitation mechanism. When the piston rod 21 moves relative to the liquid chamber, the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid 18 changes under the influence of the magnetic field, generating a changing damping force that dissipates vibrational energy. The reciprocating motion of the piston rod 21 transmits external vibrations to the internal magnetorheological fluid 18 and gas, causing the magnetorheological fluid 18 to undergo shear deformation to provide damping and compressing the gas within the gas chamber 26 to provide elasticity.

[0063] By introducing the sleeve 16, sealing cap 28, sealing ring 20, guide post 32, and air chamber 26 and liquid chamber structure, a precise internal working environment is provided for the gas spring mechanism. This effectively separates the magnetorheological fluid 18 from the elastic gas of the gas spring mechanism, ensuring that the magnetorheological fluid 18 is precisely positioned within the liquid chamber, thus enabling efficient interaction with the magnetic field generated by the excitation mechanism. The sliding fit between the guide post 32 and the sleeve 16, as well as the setting of the piston rod 21, ensures the stability and guidance of the moving seat 12 during vertical movement, allowing the magnetorheological fluid 18 to be effectively sheared, and its viscosity change to be precisely converted into damping force. This not only avoids fluid leakage and reduces wear on internal components, but also significantly improves the damping efficiency and response speed of the vertical vibration damping assembly, achieving adaptive control of vertical vibration, thereby improving the performance and reliability of the entire vibration damping device.

[0064] In this embodiment, the excitation mechanism includes a coil assembly and an annular permanent magnet 19. The coil assembly is sleeved and fixed on the sleeve 16, and the annular permanent magnet 19 is sleeved outside the coil assembly and fixed to the movable base 12. When the movable base 12 reciprocates axially relative to the sleeve 16, the coil assembly cuts the magnetic field lines of the annular permanent magnet 19 to generate electricity and then excite the coil.

[0065] Specifically, the coil assembly consists of an induction coil 24 and an excitation coil 15, respectively fitted onto the sleeve 16, with the excitation coil 15 on top and the induction coil 24 below. The two are connected to form a circuit. When the induction coil 24 moves relative to the toroidal permanent magnet 19, it generates electricity by cutting magnetic field lines. The current is then supplied to the excitation coil 15, forming an electromagnetic field that acts on the magnetorheological fluid 18. The excitation coil 15 is typically made of conductive material and can be designed as a multi-layer or single-layer coil. Its number of turns, wire diameter, and winding method are configured according to its power generation efficiency and induction intensity requirements. The coil assembly is fitted onto and fixed to the sleeve 16 to ensure its stable position, facilitating effective magnetic field cutting by the moving toroidal permanent magnet 19. The coil assembly can be fixed by adhesive bonding, snap-fitting, or embedded installation. The toroidal permanent magnet 19 provides a stable magnetic field and is made of high-performance permanent magnet materials (such as neodymium iron boron, ferrite, or samarium cobalt), capable of generating a strong magnetic field. The ring structure allows it to be fitted around the coil assembly, forming a closed magnetic circuit, thereby improving the magnetic field strength and uniformity. The permanent magnet's poles can be configured for axial or radial magnetization as needed to optimize the distribution of magnetic field lines.

[0066] The annular permanent magnet 19 is fixed to the movable base 12, allowing it to reciprocate axially relative to the sleeve 16 as the movable base 12 moves. The fixing method can be embedding, bonding, or mechanical clamping. In this embodiment, the annular permanent magnet 19 is fixed to the movable base 12 by a third fastener 11, which can be a screw, rivet, etc. The sleeve 16 serves as the external support structure of the gas spring mechanism, providing a mounting base for the coil assembly. The movable base 12 is a movable component, and its axial reciprocating motion drives the annular permanent magnet 19 to move. The annular permanent magnet 19 is sleeved on the outside of the coil assembly, forming a coaxial structure, so that when the movable base 12 moves, the magnetic field of the permanent magnet can pass through the coil assembly, achieving the cutting of magnetic field lines.

[0067] When the bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration damping bearing device is subjected to vertical vibration, the axial reciprocating motion of the movable seat 12 relative to the sleeve 16 causes relative motion between the annular permanent magnet 19 fixed on the movable seat 12 and the coil assembly fixed on the sleeve 16. This causes the coil assembly to cut magnetic field lines and generate an induced current. The induced current can be used directly or after a simple rectification and filtering circuit to drive the excitation mechanism to excite the magnetorheological fluid 18, achieving self-sufficiency in excitation energy, eliminating dependence on external power sources, simplifying the overall structure of the device, and reducing energy consumption and maintenance costs. Simultaneously, since the power generation intensity is directly related to the vibration velocity, the more severe the vibration, the larger the induced current, the higher the excitation intensity, and the more significant the viscosity change of the magnetorheological fluid 18, thus providing greater damping force. This achieves the adaptability of vertical vibration damping, effectively improving the vibration damping effect and the reliability of the device.

[0068] A piston 17 is attached to the sleeve of the piston rod 21 located within the liquid cavity. The piston 17 slides within the sleeve 16 and has a through hole 27. The piston 17 has a plate-like structure, and multiple pistons 17 can be mounted on the piston rod 21. The piston 17 divides the magnetorheological fluid 18 within the liquid cavity into sections and pushes or squeezes the magnetorheological fluid 18 as the piston rod 21 moves, changing the volume of the magnetorheological fluid 18 in each section. The piston 17 can be made of various materials, such as metal, engineering plastics, or composite materials, to adapt to the characteristics of the magnetorheological fluid 18 and the working environment. The connection between the piston 17 and the piston rod 21 can be a threaded connection, interference fit, pin fixing, or welding, ensuring a firm and reliable connection during reciprocating motion.

[0069] A through-hole 27 is provided on the piston 17, allowing the magnetorheological fluid 18 to pass through as the piston 17 moves, enabling the magnetorheological fluid 18 to flow from one side of the piston 17 to the other. The through-hole 27 is the main channel through which the magnetorheological fluid 18 generates damping force. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the number, diameter, shape, and distribution of the through holes 27 can be designed according to the required damping characteristics. When multiple pistons 17 are configured, the through holes 27 on adjacent pistons 17 are located at different radial or circumferential positions, that is, the through holes 27 on adjacent pistons 17 are staggered, which prolongs the flow path of the magnetorheological fluid 18 as it passes through the pistons 17, thereby increasing the damping energy dissipation effect. The through holes 27 can be designed as multiple small holes evenly distributed on the surface of the piston 17, or as annular grooves, oblong holes, etc. When the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid 18 changes, the flow resistance of the through holes 27 will also change accordingly, thereby achieving adaptive damping.

[0070] During the operation of the excitation mechanism, heat is generated as the coil cuts magnetic field lines. If this heat cannot be effectively dissipated, it may cause the excitation mechanism to overheat, affecting its working efficiency and service life, and may even adversely affect the performance of surrounding seals or magnetorheological fluid 18. To address this, multiple exhaust grooves 29 are provided on the outer circumferential wall of the guide post 32. An air chamber 25 is formed between the top of the guide post 32 and the sealing ring 20. The air chamber 25 is connected to the outside through the exhaust grooves 29. The airflow discharged from the air chamber 25 purifies the excitation mechanism and can also draw in lower-temperature external gas through the exhaust grooves 29 into the air chamber 25.

[0071] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the exhaust groove 29 can be a straight groove extending axially along the guide post 32, or it can be a spiral groove. The number and size of the exhaust grooves 29 can be selected according to the required exhaust volume and structural strength. The exhaust groove 29 provides a flow path for airflow, so as to exhaust the gas in the air chamber 25 or draw the external gas into the air chamber 25. Figure 4 As shown, the air chamber 25 is an annular space formed between the top of the guide post 32 and the sealing ring 20. It is naturally formed when the guide post 32 is inserted into the sealing ring 20. It collects gas entering from inside or outside the gas spring mechanism and allows the gas to enter or exit the air chamber 25 by changing its volume.

[0072] One end of the exhaust groove 29 is connected to the air chamber 25, and the other end extends to the outside of the guide column 32, allowing the gas in the air chamber 25 to be discharged to the outside of the device or to other spaces inside the device through the exhaust groove 29, ultimately achieving communication with the external environment. The airflow discharged from the air chamber 25 purifies the excitation mechanism. When the gas spring mechanism is working, the movement of the piston rod 21 causes a change in pressure within the air chamber 26, or a certain airflow is generated due to the relative movement between the piston rod 21 and the sleeve 16. The airflow is guided to the air chamber 25 and discharged through the exhaust groove 29. During the discharge process, the airflow passes over the surface or nearby area of ​​the excitation mechanism, carrying away the heat generated by the excitation mechanism, thereby achieving purging and cooling. When the guide column 32 retracts, external air is drawn into the air chamber 25 through the exhaust groove 29.

[0073] like Figure 4 , Figure 7As shown, a damping pad 10 is installed at the bottom of the cavity, and the bottom of the friction ball 13 rolls along the damping pad 10. The damping pad 10 is a material layer with specific damping characteristics, which is installed on the bottom surface of the cavity and serves as the contact surface for the rolling of the friction ball 13. The damping pad 10 can be made of polymer materials, such as rubber, polyurethane, silicone, etc., which have good elasticity, wear resistance, and coefficient of friction. The thickness, hardness, and surface texture of the damping pad 10 can be designed and adjusted according to the actual vibration reduction requirements to provide the required frictional resistance. The damping pad 10 can be attached to the bottom of the cavity by means of bonding, embedding, or mechanical fixing to ensure that it will not shift or fall off during the rolling of the friction ball 13. The bottom of the friction ball 13 rolls along the damping pad 10, so that the rolling motion of the friction ball 13 no longer acts directly on the hard bottom surface of the cavity, but acts on the surface of the damping pad 10, which has certain elasticity and damping characteristics. By utilizing the internal friction and deformation recovery characteristics of the damping pad 10 material, the lateral vibration energy is converted into heat energy and dissipated.

[0074] The friction ball 13 contacts the damping pad 10 during rolling, rather than directly contacting the bottom surface of the cavity, reducing direct wear between the friction ball 13 and the bottom surface of the cavity and extending the service life of the device. Simultaneously, the inherent damping characteristics of the damping pad 10 material provide a more stable and controllable frictional force, effectively absorbing and dissipating lateral vibration energy, thereby improving the vibration reduction efficiency and stability of the lateral damping assembly. Furthermore, the damping pad 10 can also reduce noise generated during friction to a certain extent.

[0075] like Figure 4 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, a groove is formed at the bottom of the movable seat 12, and the elastic element 23 is installed in the groove. The ball seat 22 slides in the groove, and the bottom of the friction ball 13 protrudes out of the groove to contact the bottom of the cavity. An energy-dissipating ball 14 is installed inside the friction ball 13 to dissipate energy through mutual friction. The groove is for accommodating and positioning the elastic element 23 and the ball seat 22. The groove can adopt a circular or square concave structure. The elastic element 23 can be a coil spring, disc spring, rubber pad, or polyurethane pad, etc., which are elastic materials or structures, to provide an adjustable preload or buffer force for the ball seat 22 and the friction ball 13, ensuring that the friction ball 13 can stably abut against the bottom of the cavity and allowing vertical buffering when subjected to impact or uneven load, thereby optimizing the friction effect and vibration reduction performance.

[0076] The ball seat 22 is the component that directly supports the friction ball 13. It can slide and engage with the inner wall of the groove at the bottom of the movable seat 12, so that the friction ball 13 can rotate relative to the ball seat 22. The ball seat 22 has a concave surface that matches the curved surface of the friction ball 13 to ensure the stable placement and rolling of the friction ball 13.

[0077] The friction ball 13 is hollow and filled with multiple small energy-dissipating spheres 14. The energy-dissipating spheres 14 can be made of metal, ceramic, or other high-hardness wear-resistant materials. When the friction ball 13 rolls at the bottom of the cavity, the energy-dissipating spheres 14 inside collide, slide, and roll with each other in the internal space of the friction ball 13, generating additional internal friction. The internal friction converts some of the kinetic energy into heat energy and dissipates it, thereby enhancing the energy dissipation capability of the friction ball 13 itself.

[0078] The friction ball 13 can stably and controllably protrude from the groove to contact the bottom of the cavity, providing reliable support and cushioning for the friction ball 13. This ensures continuous and uniform contact pressure between the friction ball 13 and the bottom surface of the cavity, thereby guaranteeing the stability and effectiveness of lateral vibration damping. The friction ball 13 contains energy-dissipating balls 14. When the friction ball 13 rolls at the bottom of the cavity, the internal energy-dissipating balls 14 rub and collide with each other, generating additional internal frictional energy dissipation. This dual internal and external frictional energy dissipation mechanism improves the energy dissipation efficiency and vibration damping capacity of the lateral vibration damping component, enabling the device to absorb and convert vibration energy more efficiently and thoroughly when facing horizontal vibrations, thereby effectively reducing vibration transmission and improving the device's vibration damping performance and durability.

[0079] like Figure 2 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, one end of the damping spring 4 extends into the cavity, while the other end extends out of the cavity to connect to the support top plate 3, resolving the conflict between the protection of the damping spring 4 and space utilization. The portion extending into the cavity is effectively protected by the cavity of the base 7, reducing the risk of damage to the damping spring 4 due to external environmental factors or mechanical impact, thereby extending its service life and improving the reliability of the device. Simultaneously, the damping spring 4 extending out of the cavity and connecting to the support top plate 3 allows for a direct and secure connection, ensuring that the damping spring 4 efficiently provides deformation energy dissipation and rebound force when the device undergoes torsion or significant deformation. Correspondingly, the limiting cable 6 is connected to the support top plate 3 via a second fastener 2. The second fastener 2 can be a bolt with a clamping part, a locking device capable of clamping and locking the limiting steel wire, etc.

[0080] Example 2

[0081] In another typical embodiment of the present invention, such as Figures 1-11 As shown, a working method for a bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction bearing device is presented. Utilizing the bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction bearing device as described in Example 1, the method includes the following steps:

[0082] External vertical vibration causes the support top plate 3 and the base 7 to move relative to each other, forcing the gas spring mechanism to extend and retract;

[0083] The telescopic motion triggers the excitation mechanism to work, and the magnetic field acts on the magnetorheological fluid 18;

[0084] The magnetorheological fluid 18 becomes viscous instantaneously, increasing resistance and thus consuming vibration energy; the faster the vibration, the stronger the excitation and the greater the damping, achieving vertical adaptive vibration reduction;

[0085] External horizontal vibration is transmitted to the movable seat 12, which rolls within the cavity of the base 7 via the friction ball 13 at the bottom;

[0086] The friction force of the rolling friction ball 13 is used to consume energy, while the limiting ring 9 prevents excessive displacement.

[0087] When the device is twisted or subjected to significant stretching / compression, the external damping spring 4 deforms, and the internal limiting cable 6 stretches accordingly.

[0088] The limiting cable 6 dissipates energy through deformation, and the damping spring 4 provides a rebound force to help the device return to its original position.

[0089] When the support top plate 3 is tilted relative to the base 7, the movable seat 12 presses the elastic element 23 to make the movable seat 12 tilt relative to the bottom of the cavity, and the limiting ring 9 limits the maximum tilt angle.

[0090] When the bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration damping bearing device is subjected to external vertical vibration excitation, the vibration is transmitted to the bearing top plate 3. The bearing top plate 3 transmits the vibration to the sleeve 16 and the damping spring 4 through the connected first fastener 1 and second fastener 2. The damping spring 4 has a large stiffness and is the main support component, providing elastic restoring force. The gas spring mechanism composed of air chamber 26, sleeve 16, sealing cover 28 and piston rod 21 provides nonlinear elastic restoring force.

[0091] The sleeve 16 reciprocates vertically relative to the piston 17, driving the coil assembly fixed to the sleeve 16 to reciprocate synchronously. The coil assembly cuts magnetic field lines, generating an induced current. This induced current generates a magnetic field through the coil assembly, which acts on the magnetorheological fluid 18 inside the sleeve 16, causing a change in the damping of the magnetorheological fluid 18. The more intense the vibration, the greater the induced current generated by the induction coil 24, resulting in a larger magnetic field generated by the coil assembly. The larger the magnetic field, the greater the damping of the magnetorheological fluid 18, and the greater the damping force and energy consumption of the piston 17 during its movement. This adapts to different external vibration intensities, reducing vibration damage to important structures or devices caused by external vertical vibration excitation. Simultaneously, the frequency of the alternating current generating the induced current during the reciprocating motion of the coil assembly is the same as the external vibration frequency, and the frequency of the changing magnetic field is also the same, adapting to different vibration frequencies. At this time, the magnetorheological damper mainly converts the energy of the vertical vibration into heat energy, which is transferred to the outside through the air. The coil assembly's cutting of magnetic field lines converts the energy of the vertical vibration mainly into electrical energy and heat energy, which are transferred to the outside through the air. When the vertical vibration damping components are working, the flowing air is guided upwards to dissipate heat for the bridge's adaptive multidimensional vibration damping support device.

[0092] When the bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration damping bearing device is subjected to external horizontal vibration excitation, the vibration is transmitted to the bearing top plate 3. The bearing top plate 3 transmits the vibration to the sleeve 16 and the damping spring 4 through the connected first fastener 1 and second fastener 2. The damping spring 4 provides horizontal elastic restoring force. The sleeve 16 transmits the horizontal vibration through the gas spring sealing cover 28, the sealing cover 28 and the moving seat 12, and then to the friction ball 13. The friction ball 13 rolls on the damping pad 10, and the damping pad 10 deforms, converting the energy of the horizontal vibration into heat energy and transmitting it to the outside. At the same time, the friction ball 13 contains energy-dissipating balls 14. The energy-dissipating balls 14 collide with each other inside the friction ball 13, converting the energy of the horizontal vibration into heat energy and dissipating it, thereby reducing the vibration damage caused by external horizontal vibration excitation to the bridge or device.

[0093] When the bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction bearing device is subjected to external horizontal torsion, the torsional torque is transmitted to the bearing top plate 3. The bearing top plate 3 transmits the vibration to the vibration reduction spring 4 through the connected second fastener 2. The vibration reduction spring 4 provides horizontal torsional elastic restoring force. At the same time, the material of the limiting cable 6 undergoes large deformation, and the energy is consumed through phase change to reduce the damage caused by horizontal torsion.

[0094] When the bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction bearing device is subjected to external vertical rotation, the vertical rotational torque is transmitted to the moving seat 12 through the bearing top plate 3, triggering the compression of the elastic element 23, such as... Figure 8As shown, this forms the rotational space of the movable seat 12. The damping spring 4, the elastic element 23, and the limiting ring 9 generate a reaction torque on the reaction force of the movable seat 12. The energy dissipation mainly includes the phase change energy dissipation of the limiting cable 6 and the energy dissipation generated by the vertical and horizontal displacements introduced during the vertical rotation. Therefore, the bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration damping support device can reduce the damage caused by vertical rotation.

[0095] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction bearing device, characterized in that, include: The base has an internal cavity with an open top for anchoring the bridge substructure. The top of the base is provided with a support plate for connecting the bridge superstructure. The vertical vibration damping component includes a gas spring mechanism and an excitation mechanism. One end of the gas spring mechanism is connected to the top plate of the support, and the other end is provided with a movable seat. The gas spring mechanism is provided with magnetorheological fluid that impedes the movement of the piston rod of the gas spring mechanism. The excitation mechanism is sleeved outside the gas spring mechanism and is excited and acts on the magnetorheological fluid under the extension and contraction of the gas spring mechanism. The transverse vibration damping assembly includes a friction ball and a limiting ring. The limiting ring is installed in the cavity. The bottom of the movable seat abuts against the ball seat that the friction ball rolls with through an elastic element. The bottom of the friction ball rolls against the bottom surface of the cavity. The edge of the movable seat is located between the limiting ring and the bottom surface of the cavity and abuts against the limiting ring. The torsional damping assembly includes at least three damping springs evenly distributed around the gas spring. A limiting cable is inserted inside the damping spring. Energy is dissipated through deformation. One end of the limiting cable and the damping spring are connected to a limiting ring, and the other end is connected to the top plate of the support.

2. The bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction bearing device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The gas spring mechanism also includes a sleeve, a sealing cover, and a sealing ring. A guide post is formed by the central protrusion of the movable seat. One end of the sleeve is sealed and connected to the top plate of the support, and the other end is slidably engaged with the guide post. The sealing cover and sealing ring are installed in the sleeve at intervals. An air cavity is formed between the sealing cover and the sealing end of the sleeve, and a liquid cavity is formed between the sealing cover and the sealing ring to be filled with magnetorheological fluid. One end of the piston rod is connected to the guide post, and the other end passes through the liquid cavity and then enters the air cavity.

3. The bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction bearing device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The excitation mechanism includes a coil assembly and an annular permanent magnet. The coil assembly is sleeved and fixed on the sleeve, and the annular permanent magnet is sleeved outside the coil assembly and fixed to the movable seat. When the movable seat moves axially back and forth relative to the sleeve, the coil assembly cuts the magnetic field lines of the annular permanent magnet to generate electricity and then excite the coil.

4. The bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction bearing device as described in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The piston rod is located in the liquid cavity and the sleeve is connected to the piston. The piston and the sleeve are slidably engaged and a through hole is provided through the piston.

5. The bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction bearing device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Multiple exhaust grooves are formed on the outer circumferential wall of the guide column. An air chamber is formed between the top of the guide column and the sealing ring. The air chamber is connected to the outside through the exhaust grooves. The airflow exchanged between the air chamber and the outside blows the excitation mechanism.

6. The bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction bearing device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A damping pad is installed at the bottom of the cavity, and the bottom of the friction ball rolls along the damping pad.

7. The bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction bearing device as described in claim 1 or 6, characterized in that, The bottom of the movable seat has a groove, the elastic element is installed in the groove, the ball seat slides in the groove, the bottom of the friction ball protrudes out of the groove to contact the bottom of the cavity, and the friction ball is equipped with an energy-dissipating ball to dissipate energy through mutual friction.

8. The bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction bearing device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the damping spring extends into the cavity, and the other end extends out of the cavity to connect to the top plate of the support.

9. A working method for a bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction bearing device, characterized in that, The bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction bearing device according to any one of claims 1-8 comprises: External vertical vibration causes the support top plate and the base to move relative to each other, forcing the gas spring mechanism to extend and retract; The telescopic motion triggers the excitation mechanism to work, and the magnetic field acts on the magnetorheological fluid; The magnetorheological fluid becomes viscous instantaneously, increasing resistance and thus consuming vibration energy; the faster the vibration, the stronger the excitation and the greater the damping, achieving vertical adaptive vibration reduction. External horizontal vibrations are transmitted to the moving seat, which then rolls within the base cavity via friction balls at its bottom. The friction force of the rolling friction ball is used to consume energy, while the limiting ring prevents excessive displacement. The device is twisted or subjected to significant stretching / compression; the external damping springs deform, and the internal limiting cable stretches accordingly. The limiting cable dissipates energy through deformation, and the damping spring provides a rebound force to help the device return to its original position.

10. The working method of the bridge adaptive multidimensional vibration reduction bearing device as described in claim 9, characterized in that, When the top plate of the support is tilted relative to the base, the moving seat compresses the elastic element, causing the moving seat to tilt relative to the bottom of the cavity, and the limiting ring limits the maximum tilt angle.

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